Статті в журналах з теми "Verb nouns"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Verb nouns.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Verb nouns".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
GOLDFIELD, BEVERLY A. "Nouns before verbs in comprehension vs. production: the view from pragmatics." Journal of Child Language 27, no. 3 (October 2000): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900004244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines pragmatic factors that bias English-speaking children to produce more of the nouns and fewer of the verbs that they know. If nouns are favoured for production, parents should elicit more nouns than verbs in child speech. If verb comprehension is favoured over verb production, parents should more often prompt children to produce an action than to produce a verb. Data from 44 parent–child (age 1;8) dyads in the New England directory of the CHILDES data base were analysed. Children produced more nouns than verbs but mothers produced more verbs than nouns. Speech act analyses indicate that mothers elicited noun production but rarely prompted children to produce verbs. Mothers more often prompted children to produce an action than to produce a verb, and verbs occurred most often in maternal speech acts used to elicit children's actions. Moreover, children comprehended many more verbs than they produced. These data suggest that production measures underestimate the frequency and significance of verb-learning in early lexical development.
2
BASSANO, DOMINIQUE. "Early development of nouns and verbs in French: exploring the interface between lexicon and grammar." Journal of Child Language 27, no. 3 (October 2000): 521–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900004396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Early acquisition of nouns and verbs across languages is a key issue for a number of recent studies that question the reality of the ‘noun-bias’ and wonder about the reasons why it exists as they explore the role of cognitive vs. more language-specific input factors. Addressing this issue, the present study investigates how the noun and verb word classes develop in the free speech of a French child between the ages of 1;2 and 2;6, from the perspective of semantic and grammatical development. The analyses indicate that, in French acquisition, nouns clearly predominate over verbs until age 1;8 at least, but that verbs are produced in the early stages. Concrete object names among nouns and concrete action verbs among verbs were found to be the most prevalent categories, but they were not the earliest to appear and their distribution revealed an asymmetry in the conceptual packaging of nouns and verbs. Verb grammaticalization, assessed through inflection and auxiliary use, lagged somewhat behind noun grammaticalization, assessed through determiner use. This result supports the hypothesized noun–verb grammatical asynchrony. Verb grammaticalization seems to be related to the production of concrete action verbs, and noun grammaticalization to that of concrete object nouns, indicating interactions between semantic and grammatical development. These findings, discussed in a cross-linguistic perspective, suggest that both conceptual and grammatical packaging are important and interacting factors in noun and verb development, and argue in favour of a constructivist approach to language acquisition.
3
LONGOBARDI, EMIDDIA, PIETRO SPATARO, DIANE L. PUTNICK, and MARC H. BORNSTEIN. "Do early noun and verb production predict later verb and noun production? Theoretical implications." Journal of Child Language 44, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 480–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000916000064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMany studies have addressed the question of the relative dominance of nouns over verbs in the productive vocabularies of children in the second year of life. Surprisingly, cross-class (noun-to-verb and verb-to-noun) relations between these two lexical categories have seldom been investigated. The present longitudinal study employed observational and parent-report data obtained from thirty mother–child dyads at 1;4, 1;8, and 2;0 to examine this issue. Both the Natural Partitions/Relational Relativity (NP/RR) hypothesis and the Emergentist Coalition Model (ECM) predict that having an initial repertoire of common nouns should facilitate the acquisition of novel verbs, whereas only the ECM suggests that children exploit the syntactic and semantic constraints of known verbs to infer the meaning of novel nouns. In line with the ECM, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the percentages of nouns produced by children at 1;4 predicted later verbs at 1;8, whereas the percentages of verbs produced at 1;8 predicted later nouns at 2;0.
4
Goldfield, Beverly A. "Noun bias in maternal speech to one-year-olds." Journal of Child Language 20, no. 1 (February 1993): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThis study examines the distribution of nouns and verbs in maternal speech to one-year-olds. Mothers and children were videotaped during toy play and non-toy play. Nouns and verbs in maternal speech were coded for frequency, sentence position and occurrence with grammatical inflections. maternal speech was also coded for utterances that prompted the child to produce a noun or a verb. Frequency of nouns and verbs varied with context. There were more noun types and tokens during toy play, and more verb types and tokens during non-toy play. Nouns occurred more often than verbs in shorter maternal sentences, in sentence-final position, and with fewer grammatical inflections. Mothers also more often prompted their children to produce nouns. There was a significant positive correlation between frequency of noun types and tokens during toy play, and the proportion of nouns in children's first 50 words.
5
Andersen, Torben. "External possession of body-part nouns in Dinka." Linguistics 57, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 127–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In Dinka, a Western Nilotic language, body-part nouns may be externally possessed. External possession is possible and the default option if the body-part noun is semantically part of a transitive object, an unaccusative subject, or a copula subject. With transitive and ditransitive verbs, the external possessor is object, and with intransitive and copulative verbs, it is subject. Externally possessed body-part nouns have no grammatical relation to the verb, and they are restricted to occurring in dedicated syntactic slots of the clause, adjacent to a slot used by the main verb when the finite verb is an auxiliary. In transitive clauses, the body-part noun occurs immediately after that slot. In intransitive and copulative clauses, it occurs immediately before the same slot, and here a phonologically determined subset of the body-part nouns are morphologically marked by tone shift as being externally possessed. These facts suggest that the possessum forms some kind of unit with the verb that is reminiscent of noun incorporation. In Dinka, the referent of virtually any noun can be conceived of a having a body part, and therefore virtually anything can be an external possessor: pronouns, animate nouns, and inanimate nouns, including abstract nouns.
6
Kambanaros, Maria, and Willem van Steenbrugge. "Lexical retrieval deficits in anomic aphasia and specific language impairment (SLI)." Linguistic Variation 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.13.2.05kam.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lexical retrieval of verbs and nouns was compared in two groups of impaired language users, children diagnosed with SLI and adults with acquired anomic aphasia, on two production tasks: picture confrontation naming and connected speech. Both children with SLI and adults with anomic aphasia showed a more substantial lexical or naming deficit for verbs than for nouns. However, no specific verb retrieval deficit was observed in connected speech in either group. Furthermore, partial correlations between verb and noun naming and their type-token ratios in connected speech failed to find an association between verb/ noun retrieval in naming and in connected speech. The results suggest (1) that children with SLI and adults with anomic aphasia show a specific verb deficit in naming, and (2) that the ability to predict lexical retrieval abilities for verbs (and nouns) in connected speech from naming performance is weak for both groups.
7
LEVIN, MAGNUS. "Collective nouns and language change." English Language and Linguistics 10, no. 2 (October 18, 2006): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674306001948.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study concerns the changing and variable agreement patterns with twenty-one low-frequency collective nouns (e.g. trio) in British English. The data come from the 1990 and 2000 CD-ROM editions of The Independent. The token frequencies of nouns do not appear to affect the preference for singular verb agreement. There are, however, clear differences between noun types, as is typical for lexical diffusion. Most nouns have developed a strong preference for singular verb agreement, some remain variable, and some prefer the plural. Many of the agreement patterns for individual nouns can be motivated with reference to the characteristics of the nouns rather than to the semantics of the verbs. This investigation found no evidence that singular verb agreement, which is argued in this study to be the unmarked alternative, is generally on the increase. Rather it seems that nouns which prefer plural verbs continue to move towards plural agreement.
8
Crossley, Scott A., Nicholas Subtirelu, and Tom Salsbury. "FREQUENCY EFFECTS OR CONTEXT EFFECTS IN SECOND LANGUAGE WORD LEARNING." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 35, no. 4 (August 23, 2013): 727–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263113000375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines frequency, contextual diversity, and contextual distinctiveness effects in predicting produced versus not-produced frequent nouns and verbs by early second language (L2) learners of English. The study analyzes whether word frequency is the strongest predictor of early L2 word production independent of contextual diversity and distinctiveness and whether differences exist in the lexical properties of nouns and verbs that can help explain beginning-level L2 word production. The study uses machine learning algorithms to develop models that predict produced and unproduced words in L2 oral discourse. The results demonstrate that word frequency is the strongest classifier of whether a noun is produced or not produced in beginning L2 oral discourse, whereas contextual diversity is the strongest classifier of whether a verb is produced or not produced. Post hoc tests reveal that nouns are more concrete, meaningful, imageable, specific, and unambiguous than verbs, which indicates that lexical properties may explain differences in noun and verb production. Thus, whereas distributional properties of nouns may allow lexical acquisition on the basis of association through exposure alone (i.e., nouns may adhere to frequency effects), the abstractness and ambiguity found in verbs make them difficult to acquire based solely on repetition. Therefore, verb acquisition may follow a principle of likely need characterized by contextual diversity effects.
9
Tyler, L. K., B. Randall, and E. A. Stamatakis. "Cortical Differentiation for Nouns and Verbs Depends on Grammatical Markers." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 8 (August 2008): 1381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Here we address the contentious issue of how nouns and verbs are represented in the brain. The co-occurrence of noun and verb deficits with damage to different neural regions has led to the view that they are differentially represented in the brain. Recent neuroimaging evidence and inconsistent lesion–behavior associations challenge this view. We have suggested that nouns and verbs are not differentially represented in the brain, but that different patterns of neural activity are triggered by the different linguistic functions carried by nouns and verbs. We test these claims in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using homophones—words which function grammatically as nouns or verbs but have the same form and meaning—ensuring that any neural differences reflect differences in grammatical function. Words were presented as single stems and in phrases in which each homophone was preceded by an article to create a noun phrase (NP) or a pronoun to create a verb phrase (VP), thus establishing the word's functional linguistic role. Activity for single-word homophones was not modulated by their frequency of usage as a noun or verb. In contrast, homophones marked as verbs by appearing in VPs elicited greater activity in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (LpMTG) compared to homophones marked as nouns by occurring in NPs. Neuropsychological patients with grammatical deficits had lesions which overlapped with the greater LpMTG activity found for VPs. These results suggest that nouns and verbs do not invariably activate different neural regions; rather, differential cortical activity depends on the extent to which their different grammatical functions are engaged.
10
Li, Hong Zheng, He Zhou, and Yao Hong Jin. "A Method for Identifying V+N Compound Nouns in Patent Machine Translation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 4617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.4617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we introduced one kind of special compound noun in Chinese patent texts composed of verb and noun, and presented a rule-based method for Chinese-English patent Machine Translation (MT) to improve the identification of compound nouns, with the purpose of decreasing the possibilities that verbs may disturb the identification of core predicate verb. The system first tagged different weights on verbs then determined the properties of verbs and recognized the compounds according to the weights. We then conducted experiments with the method, which proved that the method could identify compound nouns efficiently.
11
Hernández, Mireia, Scott L. Fairhall, Alessandro Lenci, Marco Baroni, and Alfonso Caramazza. "Predication Drives Verb Cortical Signatures." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 8 (August 2014): 1829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Verbs and nouns are fundamental units of language, but their neural instantiation remains poorly understood. Neuropsychological research has shown that nouns and verbs can be damaged independently of each other, and neuroimaging research has found that several brain regions respond differentially to the two word classes. However, the semantic–lexical properties of verbs and nouns that drive these effects remain unknown. Here we show that the most likely candidate is predication: a core lexical feature involved in binding constituent arguments (boy, candies) into a unified syntactic–semantic structure expressing a proposition (the boy likes the candies). We used functional neuroimaging to test whether the intrinsic “predication-building” function of verbs is what drives the verb–noun distinction in the brain. We first identified verb-preferring regions with a localizer experiment including verbs and nouns. Then, we examined whether these regions are sensitive to transitivity—an index measuring its tendency to select for a direct object. Transitivity is a verb-specific property lying at the core of its predication function. Neural activity in the left posterior middle temporal and inferior frontal gyri correlates with transitivity, indicating sensitivity to predication. This represents the first evidence that grammatical class preference in the brain is driven by a word's function to build predication structures.
12
Cook, Eung-Do. "Athapaskan: a Structural Overview." section II 38, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002365ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this structural overview, I will focus on the morphology with a brief discussion of phonology and syntax for the reason that Athapaskan, as a "polysynthetic" language, has a very complex morphological structure of the verb. In terms of the number of segments, Athapaskan is one of the richest in the inventory of the consonants, which include three series of obstruents (plain, aspirated, and glottalized). Particularly rich is the inventory of affricates, which include, for most Athapaskan languages, three sets (dental, lateral, and palatal). The major lexical categories include verbs, nouns, and postpositions. Minor categories include deictic-demonstratives, numerals, locatives, adverbials, etc. Nouns and postpositions are morphologically identical in that they inflect with the same set of personal prefixes, marking a possessor for nouns and object for postpositions. But nouns and postpositions are different syntactically because only nouns function as a subject or direct object, whereas postpositions play other syntactic functions often incorporated into the verb. The verb morphology is characterized by a complex prefix structure as well as stem variation marking not only tense /aspect I mode, but also such other features as number and what are known to be the characteristics of the so-called 'classificatory' verbs. Athapaskan verbs are known for more or less a dozen prefix positions, although not all of these positions are filled for a particular verb. The classificatory verb system, which includes half a dozen or more alternating stems, is the most interesting and intriguing morphosemantic characteristic of the Athapaskan language, which would be particularly interesting to interpreters and translators. The syntactic structures involving the third and fourth person pronominal prefixes have been the most lively theoretical issue. Athapaskan is a verb-final language and a verb alone often represents a sentence. Typically the subject noun phrase and verb phrase are the first and last constituents of the sentence where other constituents, e.g. adverb, a postpositional phrase (indirect object) and direct object noun phrase occur between these two constituents. Relative clause and direct I indirect discourse are the best known noun phrase and verb phrase complementations, whereas topicalization and extraposition are the two best known movement rules in Athapaskan.
13
Solak, Ercan. "Accusative Licensing of Nouns in Turkish." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 6, no. 1 (December 19, 2021): 5052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v6i1.5052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The observation that some Turkish nouns license accusative marking of their complements has puzzled linguistics for the last three decades. The first and the most common hypothesis is that such nouns are part of light-verb compounds in their infinitive nominal form where the verbal part is dropped. In this paper, I argue that light-verb hypothesis is incorrect by providing several constructions where it fails to account for. I propose an alternative, two-part hypothesis. The first part is independent of the light-verb constructions and claims that in Turkish, the accusative case is licensed by verb stems rather than finite verbs. This is a natural corollary of a yet larger hypothesis about the structure of syntax trees for languages like Turkish which claims that the syntax trees go deeper than the word level. The leaves of such trees are morphemes or morpheme groups and the whole of infection/derivation is considered within a single morphosyntactic structure. The implication is that as far as the case-licensing is concerned, only the verb stems license accusative case. In constructions where a deverbal noun seems to be licensing accusative case, it is actually the verb stem in the noun’s derivation tree that licenses the accusative case. The second part of the hypothesis is the claim that the case-licensing nouns are actually lexicalizations involving multiple adjacent leaves in the morphosyntactic tree. The most common manifestations of this are the lexicalizations of verb stem-participle pairs through replacement with templatic surface forms borrowed from Arabic. The new proposal naturally explains the observation that accusative licensing is most common for a small set of words borrowed from Arabic. I illustrate that these words are the templatic forms of their multi-morpheme counterparts in Turkish which correspond to deverbal nouns, adjectives or adverbs.
14
Hunger, Barbara. "Noun/Verb Pairs in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS)." Investigating Understudied Sign Languages - Croatian SL and Austrian SL, with comparison to American SL 9, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2006): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.9.1.06hun.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present work provides the evidence for a measurable distinction between members of formationally related Noun/Verb Pairs in ÖGS. Like similar investigations in other sign languages, such as American (ASL), Australian (Auslan) and British (BSL), this empirical study investigates nouns and verbs of related pairs in ÖGS from several perspectives. The primary investigation focuses on the movement component of signs, which is identified as the major differentiating factor between related nouns and verbs. The study also briefly examines nonmanual markers and the adjacent lexical categories of nouns and verbs in context. The findings are compared with the distinctions reported for other sign languages and show that ÖGS also follows the distinction model that other sign languages use for distinguishing between related nouns and verbs, in particular, distinctions in the movement components of signs. The formational difference between related ÖGS nouns and verbs is systematically shown in their duration, with verbs substantially longer in duration than their comparable nouns. It is not known whether this observed difference will generalize to the wider comparison of ÖGS unrelated verbs and nouns.
15
Valleau, Matthew James, Haruka Konishi, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, and Sudha Arunachalam. "An Eye-Tracking Study of Receptive Verb Knowledge in Toddlers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 2917–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose We examined receptive verb knowledge in 22- to 24-month-old toddlers with a dynamic video eye-tracking test. The primary goal of the study was to examine the utility of eye-gaze measures that are commonly used to study noun knowledge for studying verb knowledge. Method Forty typically developing toddlers participated. They viewed 2 videos side by side (e.g., girl clapping, same girl stretching) and were asked to find one of them (e.g., “Where is she clapping?”). Their eye-gaze, recorded by a Tobii T60XL eye-tracking system, was analyzed as a measure of their knowledge of the verb meanings. Noun trials were included as controls. We examined correlations between eye-gaze measures and score on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI; Fenson et al., 1994), a standard parent report measure of expressive vocabulary to see how well various eye-gaze measures predicted CDI score. Results A common measure of knowledge—a 15% increase in looking time to the target video from a baseline phase to the test phase—did correlate with CDI score but operationalized differently for verbs than for nouns. A 2nd common measure, latency of 1st look to the target, correlated with CDI score for nouns, as in previous work, but did not for verbs. A 3rd measure, fixation density, correlated for both nouns and verbs, although the correlation went in different directions. Conclusions The dynamic nature of videos depicting verb knowledge results in differences in eye-gaze as compared to static images depicting nouns. An eye-tracking assessment of verb knowledge is worthwhile to develop. However, the particular dependent measures used may be different than those used for static images and nouns.
16
Peelen, Marius V., Domenica Romagno, and Alfonso Caramazza. "Independent Representations of Verbs and Actions in Left Lateral Temporal Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 10 (October 2012): 2096–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Verbs and nouns differ not only on formal linguistic grounds but also in what they typically refer to: Verbs typically refer to actions, whereas nouns typically refer to objects. Prior neuroimaging studies have revealed that regions in the left lateral temporal cortex (LTC), including the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), respond selectively to action verbs relative to object nouns. Other studies have implicated the left pMTG in action knowledge, raising the possibility that verb selectivity in LTC may primarily reflect action-specific semantic features. Here, using functional neuroimaging, we test this hypothesis. Participants performed a simple memory task on visually presented verbs and nouns that described either events (e.g., “he eats” and “the conversation”) or states (e.g., “he exists” and “the value”). Verb-selective regions in the left pMTG and the left STS were defined in individual participants by an independent localizer contrast between action verbs and object nouns. Both regions showed equally strong selectivity for event and state verbs relative to semantically matched nouns. The left STS responded more to states than events, whereas there was no difference between states and events in the left pMTG. Finally, whole-brain group analysis revealed that action verbs, relative to state verbs, activated a cluster in pMTG that was located posterior to the verb-selective pMTG clusters. Together, these results indicate that verb selectivity in LTC is independent of action representations. We consider other differences between verbs and nouns that may underlie verb selectivity in LTC, including the verb property of predication.
17
Hunsicker, Dea, and Susan Goldin-Meadow. "How handshape type can distinguish between nouns and verbs in homesign." Where do nouns come from? 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 354–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.13.3.05hun.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All established languages, spoken or signed, make a distinction between nouns and verbs. Even a young sign language emerging within a family of deaf individuals has been found to mark the noun-verb distinction, and to use handshape type to do so. Here we ask whether handshape type is used to mark the noun-verb distinction in a gesture system invented by a deaf child who does not have access to a usable model of either spoken or signed language. The child produces homesigns that have linguistic structure, but receives from his hearing parents co-speech gestures that are structured differently from his own gestures. Thus, unlike users of established and emerging languages, the homesigner is a producer of his system but does not receive it from others. Nevertheless, we found that the child used handshape type to mark the distinction between nouns and verbs at the early stages of development. The noun-verb distinction is thus so fundamental to language that it can arise in a homesign system not shared with others. We also found that the child abandoned handshape type as a device for distinguishing nouns from verbs at just the moment when he developed a combinatorial system of handshape and motion components that marked the distinction. The way the noun-verb distinction is marked thus depends on the full array of linguistic devices available within the system.
18
Ribera-Llonc, Eulàlia, M. Teresa Espinal, and Josep Quer. "The noun-verb distinction in Catalan Sign Language." Sign Language and Linguistics 22, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.00027.rib.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper investigates the morpho-phonological differences between the members of related noun-verb pairs in Catalan Sign Language. Like parallel investigations in other sign languages, our experimental work provides evidence that the major differentiating factors between related nouns and verbs materialize in the movement component of signs and non-manual markers, thus providing empirical support to the hypothesis that most noun-verb pairs have different morpho-phonological properties. We distinguish different types of movements, which we categorize into four regular morphological subgroups. We also take into account a fifth group that shows no apparent movement distinction. Concerning non-manual markers, we provide empirical evidence that nouns are mostly produced simultaneously with mouthing, in contrast to verbs, which in a smaller proportion are produced mainly with mouth gestures. Crucially, the fifth group presents the largest ratio of mouthing for nouns and even for verbs. We address these findings within an exo-skeletal theoretical syntactic approach (Borer 2005a,b, 2013, 2014).
19
KAY-RAINING BIRD, ELIZABETH, and PATRICIA CLEAVE. "Mothers' talk to children with Down Syndrome, language impairment, or typical development about familiar and unfamiliar nouns and verbs." Journal of Child Language 43, no. 5 (September 2, 2015): 1072–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000915000434.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis study investigated how forty-six mothers modified their talk about familiar and unfamiliar nouns and verbs when interacting with their children with Down Syndrome (DS), language impairment (LI), or typical development (TD). Children (MLUs < 2·7) were group-matched on expressive vocabulary size. Mother–child dyads were recorded playing with toy animals (noun task) and action boxes (verb task). Mothers of children with DS used shorter utterances and more verb labels in salient positions than the other two groups. All mothers produced unfamiliar target nouns in short utterances, in utterance-final position, and with the referent perceptually available. Mothers also talked more about familiar nouns and verbs and labelled them more often and more consistently. These findings suggest that mothers of children in the early period of language development fine-tune their input in ways that reflect their children's vocabulary knowledge, but do so differently for nouns and verbs.
20
Crescentini, Cristiano, Tim Shallice, and Emiliano Macaluso. "Item Retrieval and Competition in Noun and Verb Generation: An fMRI Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 6 (June 2010): 1140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Selection between competing responses and stimulus-response association strength is thought to affect performance during verb generation. However, the specific contribution of these two processes remains unclear. Here we used fMRI to investigate the role of selection and association within frontal and BG circuits that are known to be involved in verb production. Subjects were asked to generate verbs from nouns in conditions requiring either high or low selection, but with constant association strength, and in conditions of weak or strong association strength, now with constant selection demands. Furthermore, we examined the role of selection and association during noun generation from noun stimuli. We found that the midpart of the left inferior frontal gyrus was more active in conditions requiring high compared with low selection, with matched association strength. The same left inferior frontal region activated irrespective of verb or noun generation. Results of ROI analyses showed effects of association strength only for verb generation and specifically in the anterior/ventral part of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Moreover, the BG were more active when weakly associated verbs had to be produced relative to weakly associated nouns. These results highlight a functional segregation within the left inferior frontal gyrus for verb generation. More generally, the findings suggest that both factors of selection between competing responses and association strength are important during single-word production with the latter factor becoming particularly critical when task-irrelevant stimuli interfere with the current task (here nouns during verb production), triggering additional activation of the BG.
21
Ševčíková, Magda. "Action nouns vs. nouns as bases for denominal verbs in Czech: A case study on directionality in derivation." Word Structure 14, no. 1 (March 2021): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2021.0181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Suffixless action nouns are mostly analysed as deverbal derivatives (e.g., výběr ‘choice’ < vybírat ‘to choose.ipfv’), but dictionaries ascribe the reverse direction to some noun–verb pairs ( útok ‘attack’ > útočit ‘to attack.ipfv’) despite being both formally and semantically close to the former type. The question is addressed in the present study of whether any linguistic features can be identified in pairs of suffixless nouns and directly corresponding verbs that would speak in favour of one or the other direction. The analysis of 250 Czech suffixless nouns reveals a correlation between the number of directly related verbs derived by suffixes and the direction as recorded in the dictionaries: While deverbal nouns correspond mostly to a pair of verbs with different (aspect-changing) suffixes (cf. výběr ‘choice’ : vybrat/ vybírat ‘to choose.pfv/ipfv’), nouns that are bases for verbs tend to share the root with a single (imperfective) verb ( útok ‘attack’ : útočit ‘to attack.ipfv’). This correlation is elaborated into two different paradigms, one being based on verbal roots and the other on nominal roots, which might be applicable in hypothesizing the direction also with nouns that are not covered by the dictionaries.
22
Smith, Daniel. "Social factor comparisons of noun and verb insertion patterns in Spanish and English bilingual clauses." Normas 6, no. 1 (July 19, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/normas.6.8153.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper compares noun and verb insertion in bilingual clauses in a Spanish and English bilingual data corpus collected in northeast Georgia (U.S.A.). Even though Myers-Scotton and Jake (2014) have given grammatical reasons why verbs theoretically can be as easily inserted as nouns, most bilingual data corpora, from many different language contact settings, show that far more nouns than verbs of one language are inserted into clauses of the other language. The northeast Georgia Hispanic community data set examined here is no exception. Analysis of the northeast Georgia data reveal that some social factors are associated with higher EL verb use. Children, who have more English proficiency in general than adults, insert more verbs into bilingual clauses than adults. Female gender, higher socio-economic status, and other than Mexican national origin are also associated with higher EL verb use.
23
Andersen, Torben. "External possession of body-part nouns in Jumjum: Possessor raising with possessum incorporation." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 40, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 171–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2019-0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In Jumjum, a Western Nilotic language, some body-part nouns, and only such nouns, may be externally possessed in transitive and antipassive clauses. In these external possessor constructions, the possessor is either the object of a transitive verb or the demoted patient of an antipassive verb. The externally possessed body-part noun is partly incorporated into the verb, as shown by the following properties: It immediately follows the verb, its tone is determined by the final tone of the verb, it may combine with a nominalized verb in a kind of compound, and it does not exhibit the root-final nasalization that is prevalent in monosyllabic singular nouns in Jumjum, including internally possessed body-part nouns.
24
Khoiriyah, Amalia Rizqi. "KOLOKASI BERKONTRUKSI “NOMINA + VERBA” DALAM BAHASA JEPANG PADA MINNA NO NIHONGO SHOKYUU DAN NIHONGO CHUUKYUU." Paramasastra 5, no. 2 (October 23, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/parama.v5i2.3624.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research is motivated by the existence of problems in language, because each language has their own habits to join the words with certain words. This habit is called collocation. The focuss in this study, is the use of collocation with the construction of "Nomina + Verba" and its role in Japanese in Minna no Nihongo Shokyuu and Nihongo Chuukyuu. Collocation with verb types is considered as the focus in this study, because verbs are 'lives' in a sentence. The results of this study indicate that the construction of nouns + verbs on Nihongo Shokyuu and Nihongo Chuukyuu are 4 constructions: (a) Noun + wo + Verba there are 3 roles of syntax, namely Objective, Locative and role of Time, (b) Noun + ni + Verb role found are Objective, Locative, Time, Opposition, Direction, Giver, Receiver and Results role roles, c) Noun + ga + role verbs which are objective-patient roles. This is because the construction that meets Nomina + Verba requirements is only in the patient role. Then the last one is construction (d) Nominal + de + Verba with 4 synthetic roles, Locative’s role, Time, Instrument and cause / reason. The type of collocation studied is limited collocation, fixed collocation and idiom.
25
Bakken, Tore, and Tor Hernes. "Organizing is Both a Verb and a Noun: Weick Meets Whitehead." Organization Studies 27, no. 11 (November 2006): 1599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840606068335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Weick’s work on organizing and sensemaking has contributed significantly towards efforts in organization theory to explore organization as process. His discussion of the relationship between verbs and nouns in particular has served to highlight central dynamic features of processes. Weick’s conception of the verb-noun relationship is one of tension between levels of analysis. We propose, drawing upon the work of Alfred North Whitehead, to draw attention to the formation of nouns and how verbs shape nouns and vice versa. We argue that Weick’s work may be extended by looking more closely at the selection of verbs and nouns, i.e. by looking at how selection may be made on the basis of their relationality, thus allowing for their mutual transformation. We illustrate our point using the imagery provided by the ‘pseudopod’.
26
Rafiq qızı Məmmədova, Xanım. "Productive and non-productive suffixes that make verbs from nouns." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/81-84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the urgent tasks is the suffixes that make verbs from nouns in the Azerbaijani language. In separate researchs and monographs the issue of “productive and non-productive suffixes that make verbs from nouns” has been investigated by turkologists and linguists. While there is a regular attitude to the suffixes that form verbs from nouns, there is a double attitude to the suffixes that form verbs from verbs. The Azerbaijani language is very rich in verb suffixes. In our modern literary language, there are some unproductive and even to the archaic species that have disappeared by mixing with the roots of suffixes that make verbs from nouns. Key words: Modern Azerbaijan language, verb, productive suffixes, unhealthy suffix, linguistics
27
Ma, Weiyi, Peng Zhou, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Joanne Lee, and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek. "Syntactic cues to the noun and verb distinction in Mandarin child-directed speech." First Language 39, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 433–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723719845175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The syntactic structure of sentences in which a new word appears may provide listeners with cues to that new word’s form class. In English, for example, a noun tends to follow a determiner ( a/ an/ the), while a verb precedes the morphological inflection [ing]. The presence of these markers may assist children in identifying a word’s form class and thus glean some information about its meaning. This study examined whether Mandarin, a language that has a relatively impoverished morphosyntactic system, offers reliable morphosyntactic cues to the noun–verb distinction in child-directed speech (CDS). Using the CHILDES Beijing corpora, Study 1 found that Mandarin CDS has reliable morphosyntactic markers to the noun–verb distinction. Study 2 examined the relationship between mothers’ use of a set of early-acquired nouns and verbs in the Beijing corpora and the age of acquisition (AoA) of these words. Results showed that the occurrence of the form class markers is a reliable predictor of the AoA for the early-acquired nouns and verbs.
28
Azimi, Tabassom, Zahra-Saddat Qoreishi, Reza Nilipour, and Morteza Farazi. "Developing a Semantic Similarity Judgment Test for Persian Action Verbs and Non-action Nouns in Patients With Brain Injury and Determining its Content Validity." Journal of Rehabilitation 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 154–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/rj.21.2.610.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Brain trauma evidences suggest that the two grammatical categories of noun and verb are processed in different regions of the brain due to differences in the complexity of grammatical and semantic information processing. Studies have shown that the verbs belonging to different semantic categories lead to neural activity in different areas of the brain, and action verb processing is related to the activity of motor and pre-motor areas of the brain. Researchers use different tasks to evaluate action verb processing. The most common tasks are action naming and action fluency tasks. Although these types of tasks are sensitive to deficits in action verb processing, they do not specify the nature of the injury. To understand whether dysfunction in action verb processing is due to difficulty in lexical access or specific impairment in semantic processing, it is necessary to design a specific test to evaluate lexical-semantic processing. Semantic Similarity Judgment (SSJ) test targets the lexical-semantic encoding at a deep and controlled processing level. The purpose of the present study was to develop a SSJ test for Persian action verbs and non-action nouns and determine its content validity. Materials & Methods: In this methodological study, 70 Persian action concrete verbs and 80 Persian non-action concrete nouns were first selected. For each word, a semantically related word based on functional, physical, categorical features and similarity in action was selected according to the opinion of 4 experts (3 speech-language pathologists and one linguist) using a 7-point scale. For semantic similarity rating, only the pairs of words with a high semantic similarity score (5 to 7) remained and the rest were omitted. Then, for each pair of semantically related words, a semantically unrelated word was selected. After determining content validity qualitatively by three experts and removing inappropriate items, for matching the two sets of nouns and verbs, the lexical and psycholinguistic characteristics of the remaining words (207 nouns and 156 verbs) including frequency, number of syllables, phonemes, letters, phonological and orthographic neighbors, action association, imageability, familiarity and age of acquisition were extracted by 18 volunteers (13 speech-language pathologists and linguists and 5 parents selected by a convenience sampling method) based on a 7-point scale. The verbs with low action associations and the nouns with high action association were removed and then, the two sets of words were matched for other lexical and psycholinguistic characteristics. Finally, 34 triples of verbs with high action association and 34 triples of nouns with low action association were selected. In both noun and verb sets, the words were chosen in such a way that, in order to judge, the semantic features of the words need to be carefully considered. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test.
29
Magria, Vera, and Asridayani Asridayani. "Verb Formations in Muara Bungo Language: Morphological Review on Rantau Pandan Dialect." Soshum : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v8i1.771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A verb is a language element used by the community in communication. There are various verbs formation applied in Muara Bungo especially Rantau Pandan dialect, like adding affixes to the verb and the processes occurred to the verb itself. In this study, the authors focused on verbs formation derived from nouns and adjectives. The process of affixation includes derivative and inflective affixes. For the data collection, the author applied listening and interview methods. The process of verb formation occurred on nouns and adjectives in speech or lingual data obtained were then analyzed and determined by applying translational analysis method. The verb formation process would be clearer when classes of the words found had been classified. The researcher found the verbs formation was from the process that occurred at the time of the formation of the verb. The affixation process in this study includes derivative and inflective affixes. The affixes are functioned for forming nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numbers. The prefix ber- has form variations like ba- and be-. Prefix ma- has form variations like mang- and meny-. Prefix n- has form variations such as n- and ng- forms. The prefix te- has form variations such as ta-, tany-.
30
Protsenko, Olesia. "TYPICAL ERRORS IN THE USE OF VERBAL FORMS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF GAPS IN SCHOOL EDUCATION." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-422-428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Verb is the most important part of speech because it is the syntactic and communicative center of the sentence. So the verb form errors is an important problem of culture of language. The mediaproducts (215 texts of different information genres) of first year students from the Institute of Journalism of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv was analyzed. A classification of tipical errors of verbs forms was suggested. Gaps in the school education (on the material of schools textbooks was analyzed) are the main cause of the following verb errors: verb-conjunction "to be" in the Present, verb nouns, passive verbs, passive participle, active participle, impersonal verbs, redundant constructs, lexical errors. The topics to supplement the school program of language was suggested. It is recommended to omit the verb-conjunction in the present tense; prefer verb forms, not nouns; use active constructions, not passive ones; not to use active present participles; the instrumental case of nouns should be used in the instrumental, not in the subjective sense; use adjectives as a predicate to describe the subject; not to use stationery and tautological constructions; distinguish the meaning of Ukrainian and Russian tokens.
31
Elli, Giulia V., Connor Lane, and Marina Bedny. "A Double Dissociation in Sensitivity to Verb and Noun Semantics Across Cortical Networks." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 11 (February 15, 2019): 4803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWhat is the neural organization of the mental lexicon? Previous research suggests that partially distinct cortical networks are active during verb and noun processing, but what information do these networks represent? We used multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to investigate whether these networks are sensitive to lexicosemantic distinctions among verbs and among nouns and, if so, whether they are more sensitive to distinctions among words in their preferred grammatical class. Participants heard 4 types of verbs (light emission, sound emission, hand-related actions, mouth-related actions) and 4 types of nouns (birds, mammals, manmade places, natural places). As previously shown, the left posterior middle temporal gyrus (LMTG+), and inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) responded more to verbs, whereas the inferior parietal lobule (LIP), precuneus (LPC), and inferior temporal (LIT) cortex responded more to nouns. MVPA revealed a double-dissociation in lexicosemantic sensitivity: classification was more accurate among verbs than nouns in the LMTG+, and among nouns than verbs in the LIP, LPC, and LIT. However, classification was similar for verbs and nouns in the LIFG, and above chance for the nonpreferred category in all regions. These results suggest that the lexicosemantic information about verbs and nouns is represented in partially nonoverlapping networks.
32
Falck, Marlene Johansson, and Carita Lundmark. "Bridging, Tunneling, and Towering: How Human Interaction with Artifacts Influences the Meanings of Converted Verbs." Cognitive Semantics 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00601002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What determines the meaning of a converted verb? Why do some verbs that have been converted from nouns that refer to artifacts mean making the artifact, and others not? How come some of them, but not others, are connected with motion? And how do speakers’ experiences of the artifacts involved influence the meanings of the verbs? Noun-to-verb conversion has been dealt with at phonological, grammatical and word semantic levels, and explained in terms of metonymic processes and event schema. Yet few studies, if any, have looked into why and how converted verbs acquire the meanings that they do. This article is a corpus linguistic investigation of the converted verbs bridge, tunnel, and tower. Our aim is to find out how speakers’ experiences of the artifacts that the corresponding nouns refer to influence the meanings of the converted verbs.
33
Polinsky, Maria, and Lilla Magyar. "Headedness and the Lexicon: The Case of Verb-to-Noun Ratios." Languages 5, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5010009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper takes a well-known observation as its starting point, that is, languages vary with respect to headedness, with the standard head-initial and head-final types well attested. Is there a connection between headedness and the size of a lexical class? Although this question seems quite straightforward, there are formidable methodological and theoretical challenges in addressing it. Building on initial results by several researchers, we refine our methodology and consider the proportion of nouns to simplex verbs (as opposed to light verb constructions) in a varied sample of 33 languages to evaluate the connection between headedness and the size of a lexical class. We demonstrate a robust correlation between this proportion and headedness. While the proportion of nouns in a lexicon is relatively stable, head-final/object-verb (OV)-type languages (e.g., Japanese or Hungarian) have a relatively small number of simplex verbs, whereas head-initial/verb-initial languages (e.g., Irish or Zapotec) have a considerably larger percentage of such verbs. The difference between the head-final and head-initial type is statistically significant. We, then, consider a subset of languages characterized as subject-verb-object (SVO) and show that this group is not uniform. Those SVO languages that have strong head-initial characteristics (as shown by the order of constituents in a set of phrases and word order alternations) are characterized by a relatively large proportion of lexical verbs. SVO languages that have strong head-final traits (e.g., Mandarin Chinese) pattern with head-final languages, and a small subset of SVO languages are genuinely in the middle (e.g., English, Russian). We offer a tentative explanation for this headedness asymmetry, couched in terms of informativity and parsing principles, and discuss additional evidence in support of our account. All told, the fewer simplex verbs in head-final/OV-type languages is an adaptation in response to their particular pattern of headedness. The object-verb/verb-object (OV/VO) difference with respect to noun/verb ratios also reveals itself in SVO languages; some languages, Chinese and Latin among them, show a strongly OV ratio, whereas others, such as Romance or Bantu, are VO-like in their noun/verb ratios. The proportion of nouns to verbs thus emerges as a new linguistic characteristic that is correlated with headedness.
34
LIPPEVELD, MARIE, and YURIKO OSHIMA-TAKANE. "Nouns to verbs and verbs to nouns: When do children acquire class extension rules for deverbal nouns and denominal verbs?" Applied Psycholinguistics 36, no. 3 (July 25, 2013): 559–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716413000349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTWe investigated when children acquire class extension rules for denominal verbs and deverbal nouns using an intermodal preferential looking paradigm. We taught French-speaking 2.5-year-olds (mean age = 2 years, 8.56 months [2;8.56], range = 2;6–2;11) and 3-year-olds (mean age = 3;3.31, range = 3;0–3;5) novel parent nouns or verbs referring to unfamiliar instruments and their functions, and then tested their interpretation of both the parent word and its denominal verb or deverbal noun. Experiment 1 demonstrated that only the 3-year-olds understood the denominal verbs. Experiment 2 demonstrated that only 3-year-olds who learned the parent verbs were able to interpret the deverbal nouns correctly. These findings suggest that French-speaking children acquire class extension rules for denominal verbs and deverbal nouns by the age of 3 years and can demonstrate this knowledge as long as they are able to learn the parent words.
35
Arciuli, Joanne, Linda Cupples, and Gabriella Vigliocco. "Are word meanings corresponding to different grammatical categories organised differently within lexical semantic memory?" Mental Lexicon 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2006): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.1.2.05arc.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We report on two experiments that examined lexical semantic memory. Experiment 1 included semantically related word-pairs (similarity of meaning) and unrelated word-pairs from three grammatical categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives). Experiment 2 included semantically related word-pairs (contrasting meaning) and unrelated word-pairs from the same three categories. Results of both experiments showed similar levels of semantic priming across same versus different grammatical category word-pairs (e.g., verb–verb pairs vs. verb–adjective pairs). Additional analyses of each experiment showed similar levels of priming within each of the three grammatical categories (i.e., noun–noun vs. verb–verb vs. adjective–adjective pairs). These findings suggest that there are no sharp architectural distinctions amongst words from different grammatical categories within lexical semantic memory.
36
KLASSERT, ANNEGRET, NATALIA GAGARINA, and CHRISTINA KAUSCHKE. "Object and action naming in Russian- and German-speaking monolingual and bilingual children." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17, no. 1 (March 26, 2013): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study investigates the influence of word category on naming performance in two populations: bilingual and monolingual children. The question is whether and, if so, to what extent monolingual and bilingual children differ with respect to noun and verb naming and whether a noun bias exists in the lexical abilities of bilingual children. Picture naming of objects and actions by Russian–German bilingual children (aged 4–7 years) was compared to age-matched monolingual children. The results clearly demonstrate a naming deficit of bilingual children in comparison to monolingual children that increases with age. Noun learning is more fragile in bilingual contexts than is verb learning. In bilingual language acquisition, nouns do not predominate over verbs as much as is seen in monolingual German and Russian children. The results are discussed with respect to semantic-conceptual aspects and language-specific features of nouns and verbs, and the impact of input on the acquisition of these word categories.
37
Ranchhod, Elisabete. "Lexique-Grammaire du Portugais." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 13, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.13.2.08ran.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The analysis of 2000 nominal predicates supported by the Vsup =: estar in Portuguese confirmed Z.S. Harris' hypothesis that there are nouns which form the nucleus of sentences: sentences with support verbs. In a support structure, the support verb — in our case estar — carries flexional morphemes: it does not have a characteristic distribution nor much meaning on its own, and it is the supported noun that selects the other constituents (in the same way as ordinary verbs do). In fact, predicative nouns (nominalizations or autonomous nouns) can be analysed and classified as ordinary verbs. Like verbs, they have subjects and complements: the arguments of N. We could therefore integrate those 2000 nouns into the Lexicon-grammar of Portuguese. Since they behave as the main element in sentence structures, they were described by the same type of matrices (Tab 1, Tab 2) that were used for verbs, but in this case the entries are nouns.
38
Darlina, Lien. "Derivational affixes in Japanese and Indonesian." Journal of Applied Studies in Language 2, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v2i1.813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Japanese and Indonesian seen from morphological typology is an agglutinative language in which the morphological processes are done by affixation, ie by adding prefixes, suffixes and infixes. While the basic sequence sentence structure has a SOV sequence pattern for Japanese and SVO for Indonesian language. The predicate filled by the verb is capable of binding arguments in constructing the clause structure, so that there are verbs with one, two and three arguments, it depends on the type of verb. This study is a preliminary study of Japanese and Indonesian derivative verbs: the study of linguistic typology. The Theory of Linguistic Typology is used to analyze the formation of Japanese and Indonesian derivative verbs in which the verb serves as the core of the predicate to bind the argument in constructing the clause structure. From the perspective of linguistic typology, the results of the analysis show that (1) the basic form of Japanese derivative verb formers are adjectives (keiyoushi) and noun verbs, whereas Indonesian derivative verbs are derived from adjectives, nouns and pre-categorical. (2) The Japanese derivation affixes joining the adjective (keiyoushi) are -める meru, -まるmaru, -がるgaru’, -むmu and which joins the noun verb is -するsuru. While the derivational affix of the Indonesian language that joined the nouns are meng-, ber-, ter-, ke-an, ber-an, ber-kan, per-, -i, per-i, per-kan, the affix that joins the adjective are meng-, ber-, ter-, ke-an, ber-an, ber-kan, per-, -kan, per-i, dan –i and the affixes that join the pre-categorical are meng-, ter-, ber-, ber-an, -i,-kan.
39
Chen, Haimei. "On the Translation Strategies of Chinese Verbs in Aerial China: Jiangxi from the Perspective of Chinese-English Comparison." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 5, no. 4 (August 24, 2021): p40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v5n4p40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chinese is a verb-dominated language, while English is a noun-dominated language. In Chinese-English translation, Translators must deal with Chinese verbs based on the characteristics of English. Through analyzing the subtitle of Aerial China: Jiangxi, it found that translators have used different translation strategies to translate Chinese verbs into English. When dealing with Chinese verbs, translators mainly adopt the following strategies: translating Chinese verbs into English nouns, Translating Chinese verbs into English prepositions, and translating part of verbs of serial verb construction into English non-predicate forms. It is hoped that this article can provide reference for the translation of Chinese verbs in Chinese-English translation.
40
Lohmann, Arne. "Nouns and verbs in the speech signal: Are there phonetic correlates of grammatical category?" Linguistics 58, no. 6 (November 25, 2020): 1877–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0249.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOver the past decades a considerable number of works have observed differences in the phonetic realization of nouns and verbs. The guiding question in most relevant research is whether such differences are caused by grammatical category per se, or are triggered by more general processes of phonetic implementation that impact nouns and verbs differently. Most studies argue for the latter and focus on one particular process or variable, which is advocated to be responsible for the acoustic differences observed. Among the processes mentioned are pre-boundary lengthening, accentuation, and frequency-induced reduction. Due to the focus on monofactorial explanations, an overview and contextualization of the different processes interacting with the noun-verb distinction is yet missing. The present paper aims to fill this gap. This goal is pursed by providing an in-depth discussion of how grammatical category interacts with a number of different processes that affect acoustic realization. To that end results from the literature on the topic are synthesized with new acoustic analyses of noun-verb homophones from spontaneous speech. The analysis shows that differences in acoustic realization between nouns and verbs are caused by the complex interplay of a number of different processes, defying simple, monofactorial explanations.
41
Kohlberger, Martin. "A cline between nouns and verbs: Nominalizations in Shiwiar (Chicham)." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 71, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2018-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDeverbal nominalizations are often said to occupy an intermediate position between nouns and verbs. Here I describe the morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of three deverbal nominalization strategies in Shiwiar, a Chicham language of Ecuador and Peru. Although nouns and verbs in Shiwiar are clearly distinguished in the grammar, deverbal nominalizations display a combination of both nominal and verbal traits. Furthermore, the three nominalizations types discussed here each have different proportions of noun-like and verb-like characteristics, thereby forming a gradient cline between the two major word classes.
42
Farrell, Patrick. "Functional shift as category underspecification." English Language and Linguistics 5, no. 1 (May 2001): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674301000156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Focusing on words such as bag, hammer, kiss, and dance, which are subject to functional shift, i.e. alternate between noun and verb, this article argues against the traditional view that a category-changing rule derives verbs from nouns and vice versa. The alternative proposal is that root lexemes in general, and words like these in particular, are semantically underspecified with respect to the noun/verb distinction. The lexical semantic representations of such words include event schemas that are compatible with either noun or verb meanings. The verb vs. noun aspect of the meanings is supplied by the morphosyntactic contexts in which they appear. This analysis is shown to account straightforwardly for the general properties of functional shift, such as its ubiquity, productivity, and semantic regularity, and to be supported by both standard kinds of distributional evidence and neurolinguistic evidence.
43
Dr. Aliya Akram. "المصادر في القراءات القرآنية بين النصب والرفع". Al-Idah | Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre, University of Peshawar 37, - 2 (12 січня 2020): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37556/al-idah.037.02.0319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Arabic language the source from which all nouns and verbs are derived is called (المصدر).
Verbal noun (Al-Masdar: (المصدر is a very important derivative in Arabic. It is a noun derived from the verb to refer to the action or activity implied in the verb, e. g. ((كتابة “writing” as a process- derived from the verb (كتب) to “write”.
A verbal noun represents a change in the form of a verb which allows it to be used as a noun in a sentence.
Verbal noun is a type of noun which can bear the article (ال) or tanwin (تنوين ) and can be declined according to the sentence i.e. nominative, accusative and genitive case.
This article deals with the verbal nouns in the Holy Quran that appeared once in the nominative case and in other Qiraat it was read as accusative case.
For e.g. (Al-Hamd) is read as nominative and accusative form.
الرفع على قراءة حفص: ( الحمدُ لله رب العالمين )
و فى قراءة أخرى : ( الحمدَ لله رب العالمين )
Likewise other examples are:
(سورةٌ أنزلناها )- (سورةً أنزلناها)
(سلامٌ عليك)- (سلامًا عليك)
Similarly :
النصب على قراءة حفص: ( و بالوالدين إحسانًا)
و فى قراءة أخرى : ( و بالوالدين إحسانٌ)
Thus, the article highlights the semantic treasures embedded in the Qiraat of the Holy-Quran.
44
CHILDERS, JANE B., JULIE VAUGHAN, and DONALD A. BURQUEST. "Joint attention and word learning in Ngas-speaking toddlers in Nigeria." Journal of Child Language 34, no. 2 (April 2, 2007): 199–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000906007835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines infants' joint attention behavior and language development in a rural village in Nigeria. Participants included eight younger (1;0 to 1;5, M age=1;2) and eight older toddlers (1;7 to 2;7, M age=2;1). Joint attention behaviors in social interaction contexts were recorded and coded at two time points six months apart. Analyses revealed that these toddlers were producing more high-level joint attention behaviors than less complex behaviors. In addition, the quality and quantity of behaviors produced by these Nigerian children was similar to those found in other cultures. In analyses of children's noun and verb comprehension and production (in relation to the number of nouns or verbs on a parental checklist), parents reported proportionally more verbs than nouns, perhaps because Ngas has some linguistic characteristics that are similar to languages in which a noun bias is not seen (e.g. Mandarin Chinese). An examination of the interrelations of joint attention and language development revealed that joint attention behaviors were related to both noun and verb development at different times. The set of results is important for understanding the emergence of joint attention in traditional cultures, the comprehension and production of nouns and verbs given the specific linguistic properties of a language, and the importance that early social contexts may have for language development.
45
Fleischhauer, Jens, and Thomas Gamerschlag. "Deriving the meaning of light verb constructions – a frame account of German stehen ‘stand’." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 7, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2019-0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this paper, we present a case study of German light verb constructions (LVCs) with the posture verb stehen ‘stand’ which builds on the insights of different works dealing with non-light uses of posture verbs. Starting from the literal uses of posture verbs, we will show how the meaning components of these uses are systematically exploited in the different interpretational patterns of stehen LVCs. In particular, we will discuss the effect of the choice of the preposition and how it interacts with the meaning of the light verb and the noun. Since the variant of frame semantics (e.g., Barsalou 1992; Petersen 2007, 2015) adopted in our analysis allows for a uniform representation of nouns, verbs and prepositions, we can make explicit reference to all the relevant meaning components of light verb constructions in a single format.
46
YENI-KOMSHIAN, GRACE H., MEDINA ROBBINS, and JAMES E. FLEGE. "Effects of word class differences on L2 pronunciation accuracy." Applied Psycholinguistics 22, no. 3 (September 2001): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716401003010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the effect of word class (nouns vs. verbs) on L2 pronunciation accuracy of Korean–English bilinguals. The participants were 192 adult immigrants whose age of arrival (AOA) in the United States ranged from 6 to 23 years. Transcriptions of their productions of English sentences indicated that they were more accurate in pronouncing verbs than nouns. Similarly, the results of a grammaticality judgment test revealed that they were more accurate in detecting incorrect formulations of verbs than nouns. These effects were significant in late L2 learners (AOA 12–23). The results were interpreted to reflect the influence of the linguistic structure of Korean (where the verb is more prominent than the noun) on learning English as an L2.
47
Yu, Vickie Y., and Jean E. Andruski. "The effect of language experience on perception of stress typicality in English nouns and verbs." Mental Lexicon 6, no. 2 (August 3, 2011): 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.6.2.03yu.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most two-syllable English nouns exhibit trochaic stress, whereas most two-syllable English verbs exhibit iambic stress. This study examined whether ESL speakers whose native language is not a stress language acquire knowledge of stress typicality in English. Thirty native Chinese and 30 native English speakers participated in two grammatical decision tasks. Experiment 1 used English noun-verb homographs embedded in two grammatical frames (‘the ___’ and ‘to ___’). Both groups showed different response patterns to ungrammatical phrases. Experiment 2 used two-syllable non-homographs: typically-stressed nouns and verbs and atypically stressed nouns and verbs. Results indicated that stress typicality and grammatical frame both create expectations regarding word type, and these expectations affect lexical access in Chinese and English listeners in similar ways.
48
Bekreyeva, Yuliya. "Stereotype of a Profession in the Semantics of an English Conversed Verb." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 39 (2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.39.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present article takes a closer look at the semantics of verbs derived by conversion from nouns that denote a professional worker. The aim of the study is to reveal correlation of a conversed verb meaning with a stereotype of a profession. The analysis of lexicographic models of noun and verb meanings and agent-action constructions with a conversed verb in text fragments showed some relevant evidence of such correlation. Firstly, the actions assumed as typical for a profession are profiled by a conversed verb, while the verb is not restricted to a certain professional sphere in its usage. Secondly, the conversion pattern “agent → action” involves a metaphoric transference, as a professional worker named by a base noun is compared to a doer of the action denoted by a conversed verb. As a result, certain stereotypical characteristics related to the behavior of a doer are embedded in the implicational meaning of a conversed verb.
49
Van Assche, Eva, Wouter Duyck, and Marc Brysbaert. "VERB PROCESSING BY BILINGUALS IN SENTENCE CONTEXTS." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 35, no. 2 (June 2013): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263112000873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many studies on bilingual language processing have shown that lexical access is not selective with respect to language. These studies typically used nouns as word stimuli. The aim of the present study was to extend the previous findings on noun processing to verb processing. In the first experiment, Dutch-English bilinguals performed a lexical decision task in their second language and were faster to recognize cognate verbs (e.g., Dutch-English geven-give) presented out of context than control words. This verb cognate facilitation effect was not modulated by verb tense. In a second experiment, cognates and controls were presented in sentence contexts while eye movements were recorded. In contrast to the strong cognate facilitation effects on early and later reading time measures for nouns found in earlier studies, cognate facilitation was only observed on a later reading time measure (i.e., go-past time). An interpretation of the results within current models of bilingual language processing and lexical organization is provided.
50
Choi, Soonja, and Alison Gopnik. "Early acquisition of verbs in Korean: a cross-linguistic study." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 3 (October 1995): 497–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009934.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThis cross-linguistic study investigates children's early lexical development in English and Korean, and compares caregivers' linguistic input in the two languages. In Study 1, the lexical development of nine Korean children was followed from 1;2 to 1;10 by monthly visits and maternal reports. These Korean data were compared to previously collected English longitudinal data. We find that: (1) Korean children as young as 1;3 use verbs productively with appropriate inflections. (2) Seven of the nine children show a verb spurt at around 1;7; for six of these children the verb spurt occurs before the noun spurt. No such early verb spurt is found in the English data. Unlike in English, both verbs and nouns in Korean are dominant categories from the single-word stage. (3) Korean children express language-specific distinctions of locative actions with verbs. Study 2, a crosslinguistic study of caregivers' input in English and Korean, shows that Korean mothers provide more action verbs but fewer object nouns than American mothers. Also, Korean mothers engage in activity-oriented discourse significantly more than American mothers. Our study suggests that verbs are accessible to children from the beginning, and that they may be acquired early in children who are encouraged to do so by their language-specific grammar and input.