Дисертації з теми "Verb argument structure accuracy"
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Theakston, Anna L. "Investigation into the early acquisition of verb-argument structure." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488203.
Повний текст джерелаMcCann, Clare. "Verb production in fluent aphasia : an analysis of argument structure and event structure." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414617.
Повний текст джерелаNasika, Fani. "Verb Argument Structure Effects on Tense : Evidence form Aphasia in Greek." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519872.
Повний текст джерелаRosen, Sara Thomas. "Argument structure and complex predicates." New York : Garland publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35690826v.
Повний текст джерелаMcPherson, Leslie M. (Leslie Margaret). "Identifying verbs early in language learning : the roles of action and argument structure." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39964.
Повний текст джерелаSpagnol, Michael [Verfasser]. "A Tale of Two Morphologies : verb structure and argument alternations in Maltese / Michael Spagnol." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017360529/34.
Повний текст джерелаPerek, Florent. "Verbs, Constructions, Alternations : Usage-based perspectives on argument realization." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30036.
Повний текст джерелаThe general goal of this thesis is to investigate to what extent the grammar of verbs, also called argument realization, can be based on linguistic usage. The usage-based approach is a recent paradigm shift in linguistics which takes the view that grammar is a dynamic inventory of symbolic conventions that emerges through, and is likewise shaped by, actual language use. Adopting a constructional approach to argument structure and on the basis of English data, we address the question of the usage basis of argument realization at three levels of organization.At the level of verbs, we compare experimental results to usage data, and find that more frequent valency patterns of a verb are processed more easily. These findings provide evidence for the usage basis of valency. At the level of constructions, we show that, in the case of the conative construction, it is possible to formulate constructional generalizations on the basis of verbal meaning at the level of semantically defined verb classes, but not so easily at the most abstract level. We take this as further evidence of the importance of lower-level schemas over broad generalizations. At the level of alternations, we present usage-based evidence that productivity can be based on alternation relations. We report that the dative alternation displays a productivity asymmetry, and we show that these differences can be explained by corresponding asymmetries in type frequencies
Simon-Cereijido, Gabriela. "Verb argument structure deficits in Spanish-speaking preschoolers with specific language impairment who are English language learners." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3344746.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed April 3, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-131).
Gil, Vallejo Lara. "Exploiting verb similarity for event modelling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668907.
Повний текст джерелаEste trabajo se enmarca dentro del ámbito del procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Su objetivo es explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal y, más concretamente, de las clasificaciones verbales, a la hora de capturar y modelizar la información básica relacionada con la expresión de acontecimientos en español. La tesis se articula en torno a dos estudios que examinan la capacidad de la similitud verbal para modelizar la información relativa a los participantes en acontecimientos. En primer lugar, elaboramos un análisis de la similitud verbal con relación a la estructura argumental. Para ello tomamos tres perspectivas que tratan este tema: la lingüística teórica, lingüística de corpus y la psicolingüística, y analizamos de qué modo cada una de ellas define la similitud entre los verbos. Este análisis nos sirve para definir un conjunto de características lingüísticas y configuraciones que se aplican en el segundo estudio. Este estudio consiste en la creación de una clasificación automática de sentidos verbales usando un algoritmo de agrupamiento (clustering). El objetivo de esta clasificación es capturar la estructura argumental de los verbos y reflejarla en las clases, de tal manera que permita modelizar a los participantes en los acontecimientos expresados por los verbos. Los hallazgos nos permiten afirmar que la clasificación verbal organiza la información de manera que es capaz de acomodar diferentes aspectos de la estructura argumental.
This paper aims to explore the potential of verb similarity, and more specifically of verb classifications, when it comes to capturing and modelling basic information related to events expressed in Spanish. The research is based on two studies that examine verb similarity's ability to model event participant information. We first perform a study of verb similarity with respect to argument structure, looking at its relevant characteristics through the lens of three different perspectives: linguistic theory, corpus linguistics and psycholinguistics. Based on this analysis, we choose the features and configurations to be explored in order to create an automatic classification of verb senses using a clustering algorithm. The aim of this automatic classification is to capture the argument structure of the verbs and apply it to the classifications in a way that allows us to adequately model the participants in the events expressed by those verbs. The evaluations carried out for this verb classification confirm automatic classifications' ability to capture and infer relevant information related to participants in events.
Inagaki, Shunji. "Transfer and learnability in second language argument structure : motion verbs with locationaldirectional PPs in L2 English and Japanese." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38492.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Ivan Rocha da. "A estrutura argumental da língua karitiana: desafios descritivos e teóricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-12092012-120027/.
Повний текст джерелаThis masters thesis aims to describe the argument structure in Karitiana (Tupi branch, Arikém family, about 400 speakers) both in a theoretical and in a descriptive perspective. In this work, the challenge is to describe the verb classes identified in Karitiana in the formal theory of argument structure proposed by Hale and Keyser (2002). The work is divided in two parts. In Part I, the morphosyntax of the verb classes is described. In Part II, the verb patterns were analyzed in terms of their argument structure. Still in this part, a preliminary analysis of the structure of the impersonal passive is presented, inside the Generativist framework. All instransitive verbs may be affected by the synthetic causativization (transitivization) in which a causative morpheme allows the addition of an external argument (the subject) to an intransitive sentence, transitivizing it. By the use of the impersonal passive in Karitiana it is possible to turn a bi-argumental verb into a mono-argumental one, causing the demotion of the initial subject and the promotion of the initial object to subject of the passive. The passive morpheme is added only to a transitive verb or to an intransitive verb which has been first transitivized via . The copular construction in Karitiana presents a biclausal structure (Subject + copular verb + small clause) in which the copular verb selects a small clause as its complement. Copular verbs can only select complements headed by nouns, adjectives or intransitive verbs. If a transitive verb is added to the head of the small clause, the sentence is ungrammatical. However, if a transitive verb has undergone a passivization process via , that verb may be the head of the small clause. The ergative-absolutive agreement pattern is also used as evidence of valency in Karitiana. Based on this evidence, three verbal classes were described: a large class of intransitive verbs (with three subclasses, one of common intransitive verbs, another of intransitive verbs with oblique objects and experiencer subjects, and one of intransitive locatives), a class of transitive verbs, and a third class of ditransitive verbs. The latter presents a direct object with the semantic role GOAL, whereas the indirect object is a THEME, marked as oblique (with the postposition ty). These intransitive verbs with an oblique object are part of a special subclass of intransitives because they behave, in terms of morphosyntax and valency, as other intransitive verbs, but they also project in their structure an oblique complement; it seems to be the case that they are syntactically intransitive and semantically transitive. We conclude that all intransitive verbs in Karitiana have the behavior of unaccusative verbs that may alternate. In Hale and Keysers proposal, verbs are formed, in structural and hierachical terms, from two basic structures (monadic and dyadic) headed by the verbal heads (V1 and V2). Thus, the Karitiana verbs described as common intransitives are analyzed as dyadic because of their alternation properties. The intransitives with oblique objects and the locative intransitives were analyzed as composite dyadic with oblique complements (P-complements). The ditransitive verbs are analyzed as basic dyadic, and only the transitive verbs in Karitiana may be analyzed as projecting monadic argument structures.
Costa, Jéssica Clementino da. "A estrutura argumental da língua Dâw." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-30092014-175441/.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis describes and analyzes the argument structure and verbal classes of the Dâw language (Nadahup family, Amazon). We studied the verbs of that language from the semantic and syntactic perspective, identifying classes and subclasses according to the morphosyntactic behavior of verbal roots. Furthermore, we evaluated the descriptive and explanatory hypotheses of verb classes identified by Martins (2004), the first researcher to address Dâw morphosyntax. Our theoretical framework is the theory of argument structure developed by Hale & Keyser (2002), which proposes an analysis of the syntax and semantics of lexical items by means of the argument structure the pattern of structural relations between the head and its arguments within syntactical structures projected by the head itself. Through various language tests, including verbal valency alternation and judgment of (a)grammaticality, we reclassified the nine verb classes identified by Martins (2004) into three classes according to the verbal valency: the classes of intransitive verbs, transitive verbs and bitransitive verbs. Martins (2004) states that, in the sentence, the verbs may change in tone due to the presence of a transitivizing or intransitivizing tonal morpheme. However, we show in this paper that the tonal system of the language is predictable at the sentence level. Thus, regardless of the valency-increasing process involved, we realized that the tonal change of verbs arises due to the phonological phrasing of sentences. Regarding the transitivization process, subclasses of intransitive verbs were identified: alternating and non-alternating verbs. The restrictions on alternation are due to the argument structure of each verb type. In the case of unaccusative or alternating intransitive verbs, we observed that they are formed from a composite dyadic structure, projecting an internal specifier and a complement, which allows them to switch between intransitive and transitive forms. In the case of non-alternating verbs we found three patterns: denominal and unergative verbs, based on a monadic argument structure (that does not project internal specifier) that prevents alternation; non-alternating unaccusative verbs based on a monadic structure that takes a basic dyadic structure as a complement verbs of this type do not alternate because they are not formed by a dyadic structure, but contain such a structure n e jectiv l ve bs, f me f m c p l ve b th t t kes n jective s complement. Since the root and verbal head have full (non-empty) phonological content, no conflation is possible between head and root, which prevents the formation of the verbal predicate. This structure explains the agrammaticality of these verbs with regard to the automatic transitivization process. We also tested the syntax and semantics of intransitivization (inchoative constructions, passive, reflexive and middle voices). In general, we found that there is no specific morphology for constructing middle, inchoative or anticausative sentences. There are no passives in Dâw; in place of this voice, the speakers form sentences that are inchoative or have a subspecified subject. Reflexive sentences are created using reflexive pronouns in the position of the object of the sentence. Finally, we found that direct objects of transitive sentences are marked by the {-uuy\'} morpheme analyzed by us as DOM. Its use is subject to semantic constraints of definiteness and animacy
Mangcunyana, Mteteleli Nelson. "Uhlalutyo lwesemantiki yelekhisikoni yesenzi sentshukumo u-hamba kwisiXhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1684.
Повний текст джерелаThis study explores semantic analysis of motion verb-hamba in IsiXhosa. In chapter 1 I have stated the aim of the study. I have discussed properties related to the lexical semantic analysis of the verb-hamba as well as Pustejovsky’s theory of the Generative Lexicon. The theoretical framework and the organization of study are also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 2 addresses in more detail the type system for semantics. A generative theory of the lexicon includes multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information needed. These levels include Argument Structure, Event Structure, Qualia Structure and Lexical Inherent Structure. In this chapter there is a more detailed structure of the qualia and the role they play in distributing the functional behavior of words and phrases in composition. In chapter 3 I have examined the lexical semantic analysis of the verb-hamba to account for the range of selectional properties of the NP phrase subject argument of the verb-hamba and various interpretations that arise in terms of composition with its complement arguments. The polysemous behavior of the verb-hamba is examined in sentence alternation constructions with respect to the properties of the event structure. I have also investigated the lexical representation in terms of argument structure and the event structure of the verb-hamba in different sentences. Chapter 4 is the conclusion, summarizing the findings of all the previous chapters in this study on lexical semantic analysis of the motion verb-hamba in IsiXhosa. This is followed by word lists that contain meanings of words in the context in which they are used.
Castilho, Thaís Dias de. "Análise sintático-semântica do verbo stellen com ênfase no seu uso como verbo-suporte: um estudo com base na gramática de construções." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-02022018-125843/.
Повний текст джерелаThis master\'s dissertation belongs to the studies of Cognitive Construction Grammar and aims to demonstrate a sintatic and semantic investigation of the light verb stellen. Thus, the verb was analyzed in contexts, in which the verb stellen is a fullverb and as a component of light verb constructions and other phraseologies, which are considered as borderline cases of such constructions. This analysis was carried out following Goldberg\'s perspective (1995). The author assumes that the constructions are defined as form-meaning pairs and are considered as the fundamental unit of grammar. Goldberg argues, that constructions, disregarding their verbal meaning, are the significant components because of the Argument Structure. The analysis of the Argument Structure of the light verb constructions is based on the scientific researches of Rostila (2011), Wittenberg and Piñango (2011) and Wittenberg (2016).After all, this analysis is described as qualitative and based on corpus. For the creation of the corpus, examples were used from German dictionaries as well as dictionaries for German as a foreign language. Besides, references of the archive Wikipedia Artikel und Diskussionen of the IDS COSMAS II database of texts of the University of Mannheim were collected.The results confirm the principle of the semantic economy because the meanings, that are traditionally assing to the verb stellen, can be understood as the result of the relations between verb and four argument structure construciotns: The Caused Motion Construction, the Transitive Construction, the Resultative Construction and the Ditransitive Construction. Hence, the results of the analysis of non-deverbal light verb constructions suggest that both the argument structure of the light verb and the argument structure of the nominal element influence the entire meaning of the construction within a process of argument-sharing. In the corpus, there were other examples of light verb constructions with the verb stellen, of which its nominal component had no separate Argument Structure. Those light verb constructions are highly lexicalized and therefore included in the lexicon as a whole.
Delhem, Romain. "Verbes labiles et schémas de complémentation en anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL068.
Повний текст джерелаWithin a constructionist framework, this thesis studies English labile verbs, which can enter into various syntactic configurations without changing form. A study of their complementation shows that categorizing them into semantic families is relevant but not sufficient to explain their behavior. The thesis defends a syncretic approach to verb complementation to that accounts for its important productivity and its sometimes arbitrary limits. It is shown that all verbs have a default syntactic configuration, which is not meaningful and which simply allows the verb to express its arguments in an unmarked way, in accordance with certain principles of conceptual coherence. Conversely, when the complementation of the verb has an identifiable semantic contribution, the existence of fully meaningful patterns of complementation is posited. These are defined as sets of complements, whose meaning is distinct from that of the verb with which they are associated and is found regularly with verbs of diverse categories. It is shown that patterns of complementation should be considered fully-fledged English linguistic units. This implies that synchronically, these patterns are mentally stored by speakers rather than the result of a process of analogy with existing constructions. Their status as linguistic units makes it possible to study their meaning in the same way as more classical lexical units. Although most of them are polysemic, some patterns of complementation exhibit uses that are difficult to link semantically and must therefore be viewed as homonyms
Bassani, Indaiá de Santana. "Uma abordagem localista para morfologia e estrutura argumental dos verbos complexos (parassintéticos) do português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19022014-104851/.
Повний текст джерелаThe empirical object of this dissertation is a subgroup of complex verbs of Brazilian Portuguese. The dataset is composed by synchronically and compositional formations containing the prefixes a-, eN- e eS- and the suffixes -ec-, -iz-, -e- e -ej- and originally complex formations which are dubious in relation to its synchronic complexity. The corpus contains 380 verbs selected from a dictionary and organized by frequency criteria. The general descriptive goal encompasses topics on properties and behavior of affixes, roots and theme vowels and the discussion is guided by the levels of morphological, morphophonological, argument and event structure. The general theoretical goal of this dissertation is to discuss Lexical Semantics, Lexical Syntax and Distributed Morphology proposals. As empirical results, the study offers a primary classification in terms of partially and totally transparent verbs. Partially transparent verbs are treated as resulting from a historical reanalysis process compared to the well known process of disappearance of preverbs. It is assumed that there is a continuum from forms which are: 1) completely fossilized; 2) reanalyzed as simple; 3) forms in process of change; 4) completely compositional and transparent. A secondary classification refers to compositional and noncompositional formations. Non-compositional data are structurally analyzed by means of a new reading on the literature on locality restriction on the interpretation of roots and the use of the notion of root polysemy. Completely compositional and transparent verbs are empirically classified into change of state, change of location, change of abstract and concrete possession, reconfiguration and verbs of modification of v. The strongest characteristic of this subclass is the obligatory presence of an internal argument interpreted as an affected object (theme or experiencer, to a less extent) of the change denoted by the event. The investigation points out that the prefix may be considered as the phonological realization of a head with a mixed lexical functional nature, which is responsible for introducing the internal argument in the structure and relating it to the root semantics. This head has at least the feature [+r] and, in a few cases, it may present directional information [+dir]. Considering this, the assumption that these prefixes are directional morphemes is debunked since this kind of information within a complex verb is residual and decayed. In general, prefixes behave as allomorphs and there are not strong evidences of an exclusive association of a prefix and a certain kind of argument structure or semantic class. The suffixes are analyzed as realizations of three functional heads: v[+voice], v[-voice] and v[+voice, -telic] and it is observed that suffix occurrence in event type is not systematic as previous literature claims. The theory of allomorphy proposed in Embick (2010), which is based on locality and linearity, was efficient in accounting for selection of allomorphs of R, v and Th heads. Finally, semantic type shows influence on verb type but this information can be viii manipulated in order to derive structural or metonymical coercion. The main conclusion to be drawn from the results is the fact that Brazilian Portuguese verbal morphology may reveal certain tendencies in argument and event structure, but it does not reflect sufficiently regular or consistent correlations.
Wandji, Tchami Ornella. "Analyse contrastive des verbes dans des corpus médicaux et création d’une ressource verbale de simplification de textes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H015/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the evolution of Web technology, healthcare documentation is becoming increasinglyabundant and accessible to all, especially to patients, who have access to a large amount ofhealth information. Unfortunately, the ease of access to medical information does not guaranteeits correct understanding by the intended audience, in this case non-experts. Our PhD work aimsat creating a resource for the simplification of medical texts, based on a syntactico-semanticanalysis of verbs in four French medical corpora, that are distinguished according to the levelof expertise of their authors and that of the target audiences. The resource created in thepresent thesis contains 230 syntactico-semantic patterns of verbs (called pss), aligned withtheir non-specialized equivalents. The semi-automatic method applied, for the analysis of verbs,in order to achieve our goal is based on four fundamental tasks : the syntactic annotation of thecorpora, carried out thanks to the Cordial parser (Laurent et al., 2009) ; the semantic annotationof verb arguments, based on semantic categories of the French version of a medical terminologyknown as Snomed International (Côté, 1996) ; the acquisition of syntactico-semantic patternsof verbs and the contrastive analysis of the verbs behaviors in the different corpora. Thepss, acquired at the end of this process, undergo an evaluation (by three teams of medicalexperts) which leads to the selection of candidates constituting the nomenclature of our textsimplification resource. These pss are then aligned with their non-specialized equivalents, thisalignment leads to the creation of the simplification resource, which is the main result of ourPhD study. The content of the resource was evaluated by two groups of people : linguists andnon-linguists. The results show that the simplification of pss makes it easier for non-expertsto understand the meaning of verbs used in a specialized way, especially when a certain set ofparameters is collected
Valdeson, Fredrik. "Argumentstruktur i förändring : Verben sända och giva i fornsvenska och äldre nysvenska." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264113.
Повний текст джерелаPhasha, Maction Nkgoropo. "A lexical semantic analysis of selected verbs in Northern Sotho." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1157.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Valerie Elaine. "Fast mapping verb meaning from argument structure." 2001. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3012145.
Повний текст джерелаHuang, Huade. "The Information Structure and Argument Mapping of Mandarin Chinese Resultative Verb Construction." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139158.
Повний текст джерелаMabaso, Ximbani Eric. "Issues on Xitsonga verbs." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1077.
Повний текст джерелаAfrican Languages
M. A. (Arican Languages)
Lemos, Olga Kosaryga de. "Proficiência na produção de estruturas argumentais preposicionais por aprendentes de Português como Língua Não Materna." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83583.
Повний текст джерелаO objetivo fundamental deste estudo é o de (dar a) conhecer o grau de proficiência que aprendentes de português como língua não materna (PLNM) apresentam no decurso do seu processo de aprendizagem da estrutura argumental preposicional (EAP) em português. Mais concretamente, pretende-se perceber se há correlação entre o nível de conhecimento (QECR) dos aprendentes de PLNM e a aprendizagem da EAP em português. Para tal, avalia-se através de inquéritos, propositadamente elaborados para o presente trabalho, se a frequência dos verbos e/ou das preposições das EAP têm peso positivo/negativo/nenhum ao longo do processo de aprendizagem dessas EAP, e se a frequência do input apresenta algum tipo de influência no desempenho dos alunos, no domínio em estudo. Pretende-se ainda conhecer que preposição é substituída e/ou omitida mais vezes pelos aprendentes de A1/ A2, B1, B2 e C1, e qual a preposição utlizada mais vezes por esses aprendentes para substituir as preposições pretendidas. Com o intuito de conhecer qual verbo/preposição/EAP se aprende com mais dificuldade/facilidade, a informação dos inquéritos foi analisada em função do nível do QECR dos aprendentes, da frequência dos verbos e de uma tipologia de ocorrências desviantes, formulada previamente. A análise dos dados empíricos revela que as EAP com as preposições de e em (as mais frequentes no português) não trazem muitos problemas aos alunos de A1/ A2 e B1. Ainda a preposição de foi a mais utilizada para substituir as adequadas. Os aprendentes de B2 e C1 mostram menos dificuldades nas EAP com a preposição com. Além disso, verifica-se que as EAP com a são a fonte das maiores dificuldades para todos os aprendentes, sendo também esta preposição a que é substituída com mais frequência pelos alunos. A preposição mais omissa foi por (em A1 e A2), provavelmente por ser pouco frequente nos níveis elementares. Verificou-se que a frequência dos verbos tem influência (positiva e negativa) ao longo de processo de aprendizagem das EAP. Em muitos casos, as EAP dos verbos mais frequentes são aprendidas com mais facilidade, enquanto as EAP dos verbos menos frequentes provocam mais problemas aos alunos de todos os níveis. Por outro lado, o sentido dos verbos (mais concreto ou mais abstrato) também tem um peso não negligenciável. Ou seja, as EAP dos verbos com sentidos mais concretos (de espaço, de tempo, de movimento) são mais facilmente assimiladas pelos alunos de PLNM – e como tal objeto de menos desvios –, enquanto as EAP dos verbos com sentidos abstratos (de crença, de atividade psicológica) são objeto de maior dificuldade. Constatou-se ainda que o input tem influência (positiva ou negativa) na proficiência dos alunos: as EAP encontradas com mais frequência no input são assimiladas com mais facilidade pelos alunos de PLNM e, pelo contrário, aquelas com as quais o contacto é menor provocam mais dificuldades. Por último, não há apenas um fator, mas vários, que ajuda(m) ou dificulta(m) a aprendizagem proficiente das EAP: a frequência das preposições/verbos/EAP e do input, o sentido das preposições e verbos, o contexto onde as EAP estão inseridas, o nível de proficiência linguística dos alunos e o seu conhecimento do mundo interferem no desempenho destes aquando da sua aprendizagem das EAP do PLNM.
The fundamental objective of this study is to know the degree of proficiency that learners of Portuguese as a Non-Native Language (PNNL) present in their learning process of the prepositional argument structure (PAS) in Portuguese. More specifically, the study aims to understand if there is a correlation between the level of knowledge of PNNL learners and the learning of Portuguese PAS. Through specially elaborated surveys, it assesses whether verb frequency and preposition frequency, amongst other factors, have a positive, a negative or no effect (at all) in the learning process of PAS, and if the frequency of input has some kind of influence on students’ choices. It also tries to establish which preposition is more often replaced or suppressed and what preposition is more used by these learners in order to replace the intended one. In order to know which verb/ preposition/ PAS is learned more easily / more difficulty, survey data was analyzed according to the level of the Common Reference Language Framework (CRLF) learning levels (CRLF A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1), verb frequency and types of deviant occurrence. Data analysis shows that PAS with the prepositions de and em (the most frequent prepositions in Portuguese) do not bring many problems to A1/ A2 and B1 students. In addition, de was also the most used preposition in order to replace others. B2 and C1 learners show less difficulties in PAS with the preposition com (which has a more concrete meaning). All PAS with a are very difficult for all learners and a has been replaced more frequently. Por was very often omitted by A1/ A2 learners, probably because it is less frequent at these learning levels. Verb frequency and meaning (more concrete / more abstract) also influence (positively and negatively) PAS learning processes. In many cases, the structure of the highest frequency verbs is learned more easily, whereas the structure of low frequency verbs entails more problems at all levels. Also, PAS of verbs with a more concrete meaning (space, time, movement) are more easily learned by students, while PAS of verbs with an abstract meaning (belief or physiological activity) are more difficult. Finally, high or low input also has some influence in PAS learning. PAS found with more frequency in the input don’t bring many problems to the students. On the contrary, less frequent PAS cause more difficulties. Overall, data show that learning of PAS in Portuguese does not depend on one factor alone, but rather depends on several intertwined factors: frequency of prepositions/ verbs/ PAS and input, PAS context, meaning of prepositions and verbs, students’ linguistic proficiency and their knowledge of the world.
REMEŠ, Štěpán. "Kauzativní vazby "FARE + infinitiv": typologie a české ekvivalenty." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-188331.
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