Готові списки джерел за темами / Venom Laboratory

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Venom Laboratory"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Venom Laboratory"

Segura, Álvaro, María Herrera, Mariángela Vargas, Mauren Villalta, Alfredo Uscanga-Reynell, Guillermo León, and José María Gutiérrez. "Preclinical efficacy against toxic activities of medically relevant Bothrops sp. (Serpentes: Viperidae) snake venoms by a polyspecific antivenom produced in Mexico." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1.18908.

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The assessment of the preclinical neutralizing ability of antivenoms in Latin America is necessary to determine their scope of efficacy. This study was aimed at analyzing the neutralizing efficacy of a polyspecific bothropic-crotalic antivenom manufactured by BIRMEX in Mexico against lethal, hemorrhagic, defibrinogenating and in vitro coagulant activities of the venoms of Bothrops jararaca (Brazil), B. atrox (Perú and Colombia), B. diporus (Argentina), B. mattogrossensis (Bolivia), and B. asper (Costa Rica). Standard laboratory tests to determine these activities were used. In agreement with previous studies with bothropic antivenoms in Latin America, a pattern of cross-neutralization of heterologous venoms was observed. However, the antivenom had low neutralizing potency against defibrinogenating effect of the venoms of B. atrox (Colombia) and B. asper (Costa Rica), and failed to neutralize the in vitro coagulant activity of the venom of B. asper (Costa Rica) at the highest antivenom/venom ratio tested. It is concluded that, with the exception of coagulant and defibrinogenating activities of B. asper (Costa Rica) venom, this antivenom neutralizes toxic effects of various Bothrops sp venoms. Future studies are necessary to assess the efficacy of this antivenom against other viperid venoms.

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Nielsen, Vance G., Nathaniel Frank, and Sam Afshar. "De Novo Assessment and Review of Pan-American Pit Viper Anticoagulant and Procoagulant Venom Activities via Kinetomic Analyses." Toxins 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020094.

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Snakebite with hemotoxic venom continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our laboratory has characterized the coagulopathy that occurs in vitro in human plasma via specialized thrombelastographic methods to determine if venoms are predominantly anticoagulant or procoagulant in nature. Further, the exposure of venoms to carbon monoxide (CO) or O-phenylhydroxylamine (PHA) modulate putative heme groups attached to key enzymes has also provided mechanistic insight into the multiple different activities contained in one venom. The present investigation used these techniques to characterize fourteen different venoms obtained from snakes from North, Central, and South America. Further, we review and present previous thrombelastographic-based analyses of eighteen other species from the Americas. Venoms were found to be anticoagulant and procoagulant (thrombin-like activity, thrombin-generating activity). All prospectively assessed venom activities were determined to be heme-modulated except two, wherein both CO and its carrier molecule were found to inhibit activity, while PHA did not affect activity (Bothriechis schlegelii and Crotalus organus abyssus). When divided by continent, North and Central America contained venoms with mostly anticoagulant activities, several thrombin-like activities, with only two thrombin-generating activity containing venoms. In contrast, most venoms with thrombin-generating activity were located in South America, derived from Bothrops species. In conclusion, the kinetomic profiles of venoms obtained from thirty-two Pan-American Pit Viper species are presented. It is anticipated that this approach will be utilized to identify clinically relevant hemotoxic venom enzymatic activity and assess the efficacy of locally delivered CO or systemically administered antivenoms.

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Walker, Andrew A. "The evolutionary dynamics of venom toxins made by insects and other animals." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 4 (August 5, 2020): 1353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190820.

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Animal venoms are recognised as unique biological systems in which to study molecular evolution. Venom use has evolved numerous times among the insects, and insects today use venom to capture prey, defend themselves from predators, or to subdue and modulate host responses during parasitism. However, little is known about most insect venom toxins or the mode and tempo by which they evolve. Here, I review the evolutionary dynamics of insect venom toxins, and argue that insects offer many opportunities to examine novel aspects of toxin evolution. The key questions addressed are: How do venomous animals evolve from non-venomous animals, and how does this path effect the composition and pharmacology of the venom? What genetic processes (gene duplication, co-option, neofunctionalisation) are most important in toxin evolution? What kinds of selection pressures are acting on toxin-encoding genes and their cognate targets in envenomated animals? The emerging evidence highlights that venom composition and pharmacology adapts quickly in response to changing selection pressures resulting from new ecological interactions, and that such evolution occurs through a stunning variety of genetic mechanisms. Insects offer many opportunities to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of venom toxins due to their evolutionary history rich in venom-related adaptations, and their quick generation time and suitability for culture in the laboratory.

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Lüddecke, Tim, Anne Paas, Lea Talmann, Kim N. Kirchhoff, Björn M. von Reumont, André Billion, Thomas Timm, Günter Lochnit, and Andreas Vilcinskas. "A Spider Toxin Exemplifies the Promises and Pitfalls of Cell-Free Protein Production for Venom Biodiscovery." Toxins 13, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080575.

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Arthropod venoms offer a promising resource for the discovery of novel bioactive peptides and proteins, but the limited size of most species translates into minuscule venom yields. Bioactivity studies based on traditional fractionation are therefore challenging, so alternative strategies are needed. Cell-free synthesis based on synthetic gene fragments is one of the most promising emerging technologies, theoretically allowing the rapid, laboratory-scale production of specific venom components, but this approach has yet to be applied in venom biodiscovery. Here, we tested the ability of three commercially available cell-free protein expression systems to produce venom components from small arthropods, using U2-sicaritoxin-Sdo1a from the six-eyed sand spider Hexophtalma dolichocephala as a case study. We found that only one of the systems was able to produce an active product in low amounts, as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry, and bioactivity screening on murine neuroblasts. We discuss our findings in relation to the promises and limitations of cell-free synthesis for venom biodiscovery programs in smaller invertebrates.

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Yusuf, P. O., S. Dahiru, M. P. Ameh, J. S. Oyetunde, G. Ada, E. S. Idoga, I. O. Akefe, C. U. Attah, and E. Ajagun. "Embryonated eggs as an alternative to animals in the determination of median lethal dose (LD50) in bitis venom." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 21, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v21i1.5.

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Determination of median lethal dose (LD50) is a vital tool adopted by the World Health Organization for pre-clinical assessment of products for use in the management of snakebite envenoming, a condition which is now included among the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The current trend in the determination of LD50 involves the use of laboratory animals, tens or even hundreds of animals are sacrificed to achieve this goal. This study aimed to find reliable alternatives to this sacrificing of laboratory animals for research purposes. This study investigated the comparative similarities or differences in results obtained from the use of laboratory animals and embryonated eggs in the determination of LD50 in snake venom research. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using female mice using the up and down method and Probit method as well as embryonated eggs. There was no statistical difference in the LD50 of the venom of Bitis arietans obtained by the up and down method and that of the conventional probit analysis (p≤0.05) (0.325 mg/kg [probit] and 0.351 mg/kg [up and down] respectively). There was also no statistical difference in the LD50 of the venom of Bitis arietans by the up and down method, conventional probit method, and by the use of embryonated eggs (p≤0.05) (0.325 mg/kg [probit], 0.351 mg/kg [up and down], and 0.392 mg/kg [embryonated eggs). The three methods used produced values of LD50 that were within the range reported on the Australian snake and venom database of 2007. The results suggest embryonated eggs can conveniently replace the use of laboratory animals in the determination of LD50 in snake venom research to ease the ethical challenges posed by excessive use of laboratory animals in snake venom research.

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Al-Rikabi, Zeyad G., Montaha Abdulkareem Al-Saffar, Huda S. Nassir, and Inam B. Falih. "Histopathological Study of Bee Venom with Different Concentrations in Laboratory Mice." Journal of Techniques 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v3i4.389.

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Bee venom (BV) of Apis mellifer L has recently been utilized as a traditional medicine for treating a variety of medical conditions. When mice were given different concentrations of bee venom, it was found to be effective in repairing some histopathological changes. Then, when applying BV as a treatment material for some disorders, as indicated by the amount of damage to the liver and kidney tissues. The animals were randomly divided into 7 groups. Six of which were treated with BV extraction, and one group was designated as the control group, was treated with distilled water. Mice were injected intraperitoneally by 0.2ml of BV extraction in concentrations (1000, 750, 500, 350, 300, and 250) μg/ml. In some cases, histopathological studies revealed mild to moderate alterations in the liver and renal tissues, characterized by congestion, acute cell swelling, and focal coagulated necrosis. Atherosclerotic changes in the aorta and some arteries were found in two groups. Whereas several mild degenerative changes were observed in hepatic cells of one group. In conclusion, bee venom administered to groups in different concentrations revealed hepatic and renal complications at histological investigations of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of liver and kidney section.

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kossaif, Eliane, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Ryiad Sadek, Ziad Fajloun, Claudine Accary, and Walid Hleihel. "Histological alterations in Kidney and Liver of laboratory mice following intramuscular injection of Montevipera bornmuelleri (Werner, 1898) Venom." Lebanese Science Journal 18, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-018.1.122135.

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Histopathological changes after bites of the Montivipera bornmuelleri viper, endemic to high altitudes areas of Lebanon, have not yet been investigated. Our study focuses on histological changes and irreversible damages in the kidney and liver of white laboratory Balb/c mice that received an intramuscular injection of lyophilized venom diluted in saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). Different venom concentration doses ranging from 0.25 mg/kg to 15mg/kg in a total injection volume of 100µl was injected intramuscularly (IM) into 5 groups of mice. After dissection, observations showed no macroscopically identifiable damages in any of the organs studied. However, tissue samples from the liver and the kidney were obtained for histological studies at various time intervals following the venom injection. The histological study was carried out using the Bouin solution (fixing bath), followed by dehydration in alcohol. Paraffin-embedded sections were stained using hemalun-easine. Tissues from 6 control mice, which received only an injection of saline solution, were also examined. The common histological alterations observed microscopically in the liver and the kidney were: pycnotic nuclei, necrosis, vacuolization, cytoplasmic destruction, edema, hemorrhage and congestion of blood vessels. Moreover, inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytic cells was observed in the prevascular regions of both organs. The histological changes observed appeared within 1h and intensified with time. These changes were proportional to the dose of the venom injected into the laboratory mice. Our results on what happens in the kidney and liver of mice after injecting the venom of M. bornmuelleri had many similarities with the effect of venom of other vipers (e. g. Daboia palestinea, Bitis ssp, Bothrops moujenis etc…) observed by others authors.

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Robinson, Rebecca, Nicola Bates, Fiona Bolton, and Nicola Robinson. "Neurological deficits after confirmed adder bite in a cat." Veterinary Record Case Reports 7, no. 2 (April 2019): e000635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000635.

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A domestic shorthair cat presenting with pyrexia and tachycardia was given an antibiotic for suspected infection but returned 48 hours later with inability to defecate or urinate and with tail paralysis. There was swelling and bruising at the tail base but no radiographic evidence of a tail pull injury. Laboratory parameters and urinary and faecal cultures were normal. Five days later the owner reported an adder in the garden, and due to no response to supportive care, antivenom was given. Within two hours clinical signs improved, and by 12 hours the tachycardia and pyrexia had resolved. Laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of adder venom in a blood sample. Urination and defecation were normal at five months with regained function in the cranial third of the tail. It is thought clinical signs were due to direct venom-induced necrosis of nerve tissue rather than venom neurotoxins.

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Marsh, N. A. "Use of snake venom fractions in the coagulation laboratory." Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 9, no. 5 (July 1998): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001721-199807000-00001.

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Georgescu, Bogdan, Gheorghe Sălăjan, Daniel Mierliţă, Doina Iozon, and Antonia Odagiu. "Comparison of Voluntary Feed Intake and Venom Production of Wild and Laboratory Bred Sand Vipers." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (December 4, 2001): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3604.

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The study was performed on vipers of the Vipera ammodytes ammodytes species and aimed to establish the differences in voluntary feed intake and venom production between a group of wild, recently captured vipers and a group of born and bred captive vipers. In addition, the influence of sex on both parameters was established. The research brought evidence of important differences concerning voluntary food ingestion and venom production between the two groups of animals. However, sex appeared not to significantly influence these parameters, both in wild, recently captured vipers and in born and bred captive vipers. Wild animals rapidly accommodated to the microclimate conditions in captivity and readily accepted food.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Venom Laboratory"

Owens, Dale Lesley. "An examination of the haemostatic changes in humans bitten by Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus scutallatus canni) and applications of the venom for use in the haemostatis diagnostic laboratory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266113.

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Книги з теми "Venom Laboratory"

Fry, Bryan Grieg. Venom Doc: The Edgiest, Darkest, Strangest Natural History Memoir Ever. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2016.

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Частини книг з теми "Venom Laboratory"

Perchuc, Anna Maria, and Marianne Wilmer. "Diagnostic Use of Snake Venom Components in the Coagulation Laboratory." In Toxins and Hemostasis, 747–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9295-3_43.

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Litzie, A. Kenneth. "Decision Making During Femoro-Femoral Veno-Arterial Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory." In Supported Complex and High Risk Coronary Angioplasty, 167–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3890-5_10.

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Williams, V., and J. White. "Snake venom and snakebite in Australia." In Venomous Snakes, 205–18. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549864.003.0015.

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Abstract Australian snakes are amongst the most toxic in the world, but because of the distribution of the human and snake populations and the availability of excellent medical care, of the 500-3000 cases of suspected snakebite per year, only two on average have a fatal outcome. Brown snakes (Pseudonaja spp.) are responsible for the majority of bites and have been associated with sudden rapid death. Victims of snake bite should have details of the bite recorded and a relevant medical history gathered, with particular reference to allergic responses and previous exposure to antivenom. In situations where the snake responsible for a bite is unknown, the CSL Snake Venom Detection Kit may identify the culprit and assist in determining the correct antivenom. Laboratory investigations are important, particularly coagulation tests, which may be crucial in optimizing treatment. The venoms contain a number of biologically active components including neurotoxins, myolysins, haemotoxins and possibly a nephrotoxin and these are responsible for the major clinical features: defibrination coagulopathy, paralysis, myolysis and renal damage. The diversity of snakes that may be responsible for envenomation makes the task of identification difficult; however, knowledge of local venom composition and symptomatology may assist, as does venom detection. We examined the venom of brown snakes to determine the influence geographical origin may have on venom make-up, but failed to find any evidence of a geographically predictable venom composition. Individual variability appeared to be the biggest influence on venom composition.

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Thuesen, Erik V. "The Tetrodotoxin Venom Of Chaetognaths." In The Biology of Chaetognaths, 55–60. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577157.003.0006.

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Abstract For many years it was suggested that chaetognaths paralysed their prey with a toxin before ingesting them. These suggestions were based on light microscopy observations (Burfield 1927; Kuhl 1938), observations of chaetognaths feeding in the laboratory (Parry 1944; Feigenbaum and Maris 1984; Nagasawa 1985c) and observations of the microstructure of chaetognath buccal morphology made by scanning electron microscopy (Bieri et al. 1983; Thuesen and Bieri 1987).

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Cordes, Eugene H. "Basic research, snake venoms, and ACE inhibitors: Ondetti, Cushman, and Patchett." In Hallelujah Moments, 25–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080457.003.0003.

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are highly important drugs for control of blood pressure, chronic heart failure, and kidney protection. The discovery of ACE inhibitors derived from several basic research sources. The peptide angiotensin-II was demonstrated to contract the smooth muscle layer lining the vasculature and to cause retention of water in the body. Both conditions tend to raise blood pressure. It follows that an inhibitor of the enzyme that promotes the synthesis of angiotensin-II, ACE, would relax the vasculature, decrease water retention, and lower blood pressure. The questions were to confirm this hypothesis and discover ACE inhibitors. The chemistry of snake venoms helped with both. A peptide isolated from a venomous snake proved to be an ACE inhibitor and, while not suitable to be a drug, lowered blood pressure in clinical trials, confirming the hypothesis. In addition, the structure of the venom peptide provided an important clue to the structure of ACE inhibitors. The final key was provided by the discovery of a novel inhibitor design concept in an academic laboratory. Pulling this information together led to the discovery of the following ACE inhibitors suitable for clinical use: Capoten, Vasotec, Zestril, and others.

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Lowry, Jennifer A. "Venoms." In Toxicology Cases for the Clinical and Forensic Laboratory, 437–47. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815846-3.00022-3.

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Ferrari, Roberto, Gabriele Guardigli, and Biykem Bozkurt. "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors." In The ESC Textbook of Heart Failure, edited by Petar M. Seferović, Andrew J. S. Coats, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stefan D. Anker, Johann Bauersachs, and Giuseppe Rosano, 437–46. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198891628.003.0040.

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Abstract Few stories in the history of medical research can generate interest and inspire as much as the mythical journey from ‘Poison to Panacea’. When Ferreira travelled from Santiago to London to work in the laboratory of Sir John Vane, he could not have imagined that a bite from Bothrops jararaca, a Brazilian viper, could give rise to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which to date have arguably the strongest portfolio of placebo-controlled trials in medicine. After the discovery of these drugs, the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS) I was conducted and proved pivotal in the practice of cardiology. CONSENSUS I gave both hope and belief—hope that breathless patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) could be treated with a drug that can impact significantly the natural history of the disease, and belief that a new class of medicine had finally arrived as a result of this study and of many subsequent others that have shown that ACE inhibitors have a demonstrable efficacy in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with or without CHF symptoms, in those after an acute myocardial infarction, and even in the prevention of myocardial infarction and its associated sequelae in the context of primary or secondary prevention. Treatment of all these patients is supported by both American and European guidelines, expert opinion, and convincing clinical trials. It is a practical first-line recommendation to all clinicians, healthcare providers, and policymakers to mirror the details of the main trials as much as possible with regard to the drug, dosage, and frequency of administration. This chapter describes the journey of the ACE inhibitor drug class from its origins—the poisonous venom of the Brazilian pit viper Bothrops Jararaca to its use (rather than non-use) during the actual Covid-19 pandemic.

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Thanacoody, Ruben. "Caffeine: massive accidental caffeine overdose treated with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration." In Toxicology Cases for the Clinical and Forensic Laboratory, 239–42. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815846-3.00053-3.

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Harper, Michael D., Dirk M. Maybauer, and Marc O. Maybauer. "Neurological Monitoring and Determination of Brain Death in ECMO Patients." In Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, edited by Marc O. Maybauer, 623–32. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521304.003.0061.

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The use of extracorporeal life support for severe respiratory failure, numerous cardiovascular indications, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation has significantly increased over the last decade. Despite considerable improvements in technology and gain of management experience in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers, a significant number of complications remains. Intracranial hemorrhage, brain death, stroke, and seizures are the main neurological complications and contributors to in-hospital mortality. Unfavorable neurologic outcomes or brain death very often result in the withdrawal or limitation of care by family members and may result in organ donation. Neurologic monitoring, imaging, and laboratory analysis play key roles in early diagnosis and prognosis of neurologic complications. This chapter reviews a case scenario, diagnostics, monitoring, and management of a patient on veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO with neurologic complications post–cardiac arrest. A review and discussion of the literature as well as board-style review questions round up the readers experience.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Venom Laboratory"

Cooper, S. M., R. G. Malia, F. E. Preston, S. L. B. Duncan, AR B. Smith, and M. Greaves. "CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644231.

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Recent evidence suggests a relationship between the presence of lupus anticoagulant and elevated titres of antibody to cardiolipin. Also an association with thrombotic tendency and with a high incidence of first trimester spontaneous abortion or second and third trimester fetal death has been noted. In order to investigate the relationship between anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and coagulation test abnormalities we have studied 12 subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),10 with history of venous thrombosis, 30 with unexplained prolongation of clotting times and 34 with a poor obstetric history. Coagulation tests applied were: KCCT using two ’incomplete’ thromboplastin preparations and corrections with 20%/50% normal plasma; one-stage prothrombin time (OSP); dilute Russell’s viper venom time (DRVVT, including the platelet neutralisation procedure) and the heat stability test. IgG and IgM aCL antibody were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as described elsewhere. Abnormalities in more than one coagulation test were detected in 4 subjects with SLE (33%), 4 with thrombosis (40%), 6 with poor obstetric history (18%) and 10 with unexplained prolonged KCCT (33%). The DRVVT was most sensitive to the presence of lupus anticoagulant. Detectable aCL antibody was present in 12 subjects (IgG in 6, IgM in 4, both in 3), including some from each group. 2 had IgG aCL antibody and normal coagulation tests (1 SLE, 1 poor obstetric history). No coagulation or immunological abnormality was detected in 30 healthy non-pregnant and 13 healthy pregnant controls. Our data indicate the requirement for a comprehensive methodological approach for the detection of aCL antibodies/lupus anticoagulant and the clinical importance of such an approach.

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