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Статті в журналах з теми "Vein conduit"
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Cohn, Joseph D., and Keith F. Korver. "Selection of Saphenous Vein Conduit in Varicose Vein Disease." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 81, no. 4 (April 2006): 1269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.11.013.
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Yie, Kil Soo, and Sam Sae Oh. "Deep Vein as a Graft Conduit." Vascular Specialist International 28, no. 3 (August 30, 2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5758/kjves.2012.28.3.115.
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Cohn, Joseph D., and Keith F. Korver. "Ultrasonography in Saphenous Vein Conduit Selection." Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 30, no. 3 (September 2006): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154431670603000304.
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Hussain, Syed Mohammad Asim. "The Role of Tomographic Ultrasonography in Conduit Mapping before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Radiology Research and Practice 2018 (November 21, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2097305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. To assess the performance of tomographic ultrasonography (TUS) in providing images that will enable optimum choice of vein segment to harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods. This was a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy. The index test was tomographic ultrasonography. The reference standard was intraoperative observation. The study was performed at the Vascular Imaging and Cardiothoracic Department at Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester. Patients undergoing CABG who require vein mapping were included in the study. The main outcome measures were the number of tributaries identified in harvested vein segments, presence of varicosities, and usable length of vein. Results. The TUS correctly identified 89 out of 111 vein tributaries in 10 patients resulting in a sensitivity of 80.2%. This resulted in a p value of 0.000001 using an exact binomial test, with a prior probability of 0.5. TUS had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 100% in the identification of varicosities over 14 patients. TUS had 90% agreement with intraoperative observation in assessing usable length of vein over 14 patients. Conclusions. Our results show that TUS has a high sensitivity in identifying vein tributaries. This can be used to select veins with fewer tributaries for harvesting should TUS be used for preoperative vein mapping before CABG.
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Noishiki, Y., C. Hata, R. Tu, S. H. Shen, D. Lin, H. W. Sung, T. Witzel, et al. "Development and Evaluation of a Pliable Biological Valved Conduit. Part I: Preparation, Biochemical Properties, and Histological Findings." International Journal of Artificial Organs 16, no. 4 (April 1993): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889301600405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Different types of external valved conduits have been used for the repair of complex congenital cardiac anomalies that may have otherwise been inoperable. However, an ideal conduit has yet to be found due to complications such as stenosis, thrombosis, calcification of the valve and graft wall, and “peeling” of the neointima. To address those problems, a new extracardiac valved conduit made of bovine jugular vein was developed and evaluated in a preliminary animal study. Harvested bovine vein containing a naturally existing valve was initially incorporated with protamine on the inner surface and then was cross-linked in diglycidyl ether (DE). Fixation with DE allowed the vein and its leaflets to retain a tissue-like elasticity. To provide antithrombogenicity to the graft, heparin was introduced into the lumen to bind ionically to the pre-entrapped protamine. The biological valved conduit of approximately 14 mm diameter was implanted from the right ventricle to pulmonary artery as bypass graft in three dogs. After implantation, the native main pulmonary artery was ligated between the anastomotic sites of the bypass conduit. No anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs were administered after surgery. One DE-fixed valved conduit was retrieved at 3 months, and the others were removed at 5 months. Only small thrombus areas were found on the white luminal surfaces. The valves and the conduits maintained softness and pliability, similar to before implantation. Additionally, the collagen content, shrink temperature, and tanning index of this newly developed biological valved conduit before and after fixation were measured in the study. These preliminary results suggest that the new valved conduit fixed with DE and heparinized on the lumen may help mitigate the problems observed in the currently available conduits.
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Stewart, Luke, Benjamin J. Pearce, Adam W. Beck, and Emily L. Spangler. "Examination of race and infrainguinal bypass conduit use in the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative." Vascular 28, no. 6 (May 25, 2020): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538120927704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Vein conduit is known to have better patency than prosthetic for infrainguinal bypass. Here we explore if racial disparities exist in infrainguinal bypass vein conduit use amid preoperative patient and systemic factors. Methods Retrospective Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative data for 23,959 infrainguinal bypasses between 2003 and 2017 for occlusive disease were analyzed. For homogeneity, only infrainguinal bypasses originating from the common femoral artery were included. Demographics of patients receiving vein vs prosthetic were compared and logistic regression analyses were performed with race and preoperative factors to evaluate for predictors of vein conduit use. Results Adjusted regression models demonstrated black patients were 76% as likely ( p < .001) and Hispanic patients 79% as likely ( p = .003) to have vein conduit compared to white patients. Factors positively correlating with vein use included vein mapping, more distal bypass target, tissue loss or acute ischemia bypass indications, commercial insurance, and weight. Factors against vein use included advanced age, female gender, ASA class 4, urgent procedure, preoperative mobility limitation, prior CABG or leg bypass, prior smoking, preoperative anticoagulation, and a bypass performed in the Southern US or before 2012. While black and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive vein, they were vein mapped at similar or higher rates than other groups. Conclusion Racial disparities exist in conduit use for infrainguinal bypass, with black and Hispanic patients less likely to receive vein bypasses. However, the contribution of race to conduit selection is small in adjusted and unadjusted models. Overall, pre-operative variables in the Vascular Quality Initiative poorly predicted vein conduit use for infrainguinal bypass.
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Patel, Parth M., Jeremy L. Herrmann, Mark D. Rodefeld, Mark W. Turrentine, and John W. Brown. "Bovine jugular vein conduit versus pulmonary homograft in the Ross operation." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119003007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectives:The Ross procedure involves using the native pulmonary valve for aortic valve replacement then replacing the pulmonary valve with an allograft or xenograft. We aimed to compare our age-matched experience with the bovine jugular vein conduit and the pulmonary homograft for pulmonary valve replacement during the Ross procedure in children.Methods:Between 1998 and 2016, 15 patients <18 years of age underwent a Ross procedure using the bovine jugular vein conduit (Ross-Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit) at our institution. These patients were age-matched with 15 patients who had the Ross operation with a standard pulmonary homograft for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (Ross-Pulmonary Homograft). Paper and electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed.Results:The median age of the Ross-Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit and Ross-Pulmonary Homograft patients were 4.8 years (interquartile range 1.1–6.6) and 3.3 years (interquartile 1.2–7.6), respectively (p = 0.6). The median follow-up time for the Ross-Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit and Ross-Pulmonary Homograft groups were 1.7 years (interquartile range 0.5–4.9) and 6.8 years (interquartile range 1.9–13.4), respectively (p = 0.03). Overall, 5-year survival, freedom from redo aortic valve replacement, and freedom from pulmonary valve replacement were similar between groups.Conclusion:The bovine jugular vein conduit and pulmonary homograft have favourable mid-term durability when used for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction for the Ross operation. The bovine jugular vein conduit may be a suitable replacement for appropriately sized patients undergoing a Ross aortic valve replacement, though longer follow-up is needed.
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Tang, J. B., D. Shi, and Y.-Q. Gu. "Interfascicular Grafts of Non-Nerve Tissues for Gaps in Peripheral Nerve Trunks." Journal of Hand Surgery 21, no. 6 (December 1996): 830–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(96)80205-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ten cases with gaps in nerve trunks in the forearm were treated by interfascicular grafts of autogenous veins. These included three cases of median nerve injuries, five cases of ulnar nerve injuries and two cases of radial sensory nerve injuries. The nerve gaps ranged from 1.5 to 4.5 cm with an average of 3 cm. Completely divided nerve trunks were repaired by two or three vein conduits. For incomplete nerve injuries or replacement of a single fasciculus, a single vein conduit was used. For nerve defects over 3 cm, normal nerve tissues were sectioned from the proximal nerve fasciculus and inserted into the vein conduits. These cases were followed for 2 years and 2 months to 3 years. The results were M3 in two, M4 in six and S2 + in two, S3 + in seven and S4 in one nerves. This study suggests that interfascucular grafts of vein conduits can be applied in patients with nerve gaps shorter than 4.5 cm and with favourable wound conditions with fairly good clinical results. Interfascicular vein graft provides an alternative treatment option for gaps in distal peripheral nerve trunks.
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Nichay, N. R., I. Yu Zhuravleva, Yu Yu Kulyabin, I. S. Zykov, E. V. Boyarkin, O. Yu Malakhova, E. V. Kuznetsova, et al. "Diepoxy-treated bovine jugular vein conduit for pulmonary artery replacement." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 26, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2022-4-19-32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: To evaluate the performance and short-term capacity of the diepoxy-treated bovine jugular vein conduit in large animals during 6-month follow-up.Methods: Thirteen diepoxy-treated bovine jugular vein conduits were implanted into the pulmonary artery of young mini-pigs. During the follow-up, graft function was tested using transesophageal echocardiography. The animals were withdrawn at 6 months, and the explanted conduits were assessed histologically.Results: All the conduits were successfully implanted without any surgical complications. All the animals survived throughout the follow-up. By the end of the follow-up period, the pressure gradient increased on five animals’ conduits including one case of mismatch between the conduit and the native pulmonary artery, two cases of distal stenosis, and two case of endocarditis. No significant increase in valve regurgitation or conduit thrombosis was observed during the follow-up. In conduits without dysfunction, the structure of the walls and leaflets was intact. A thin fibrous tissue covered the conduit inner wall with complete surface endothelialization. Neither signs of degeneration or calcification nor inflammatory cells were found in the conduit wall or leaflets. Neointima proliferation without calcium deposits was observed in two distally stenosed conduits. Inflammatory cells consisting of multinucleated macrophages, lymphocytes, and histiocytes were found in the adventitia. There were no inflammatory cells in the media or intima, and the leaflets showed no changes.Conclusion: Diepoxy-treated bovine jugular vein demonstrated acceptable performance, good endothelialization, and low tendency to thrombosis and calcium accumulation in the wall and leaflets. Received 31 October 2022. Revised 25 November 2022. Accepted 28 November 2022. Funding: The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-25-20102). Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: N.R. Nichay, I.Yu. Zhuravleva, A.V. Bogachev-ProkophievData collection and analysis: N.R. Nichay, Yu.Yu. Kulyabin, I.S. Zykov, E.V. Boyarkin, O.Yu. Malakhova, E.V. Kuznetsova, T.P. Timchenko, Ya.L. Rusakova, I.S. Murashov, A.A. DokuchaevaStatistical analysis: N.R. Nichay, I.Yu. ZhuravlevaDrafting the article: N.R. Nichay, I.Yu. Zhuravleva, Yu.Yu. Kulyabin, I.S. Zykov, E.V. Boyarkin, O.Yu. Malakhova, T.P. Timchenko, Ya.L. Rusakova, I.S. Murashov, A.A. DokuchaevaCritical revision of the article: N.R. Nichay, I.Yu. Zhuravleva, Yu.Yu. Kulyabin, A.A. Dokuchaeva, A.V. Bogachev-ProkophievFinal approval of the version to be published: N.R. Nichay, I.Yu. Zhuravleva, Yu.Yu. Kulyabin, I.S. Zykov, E.V. Boyarkin, O.Yu. Malakhova, E.V. Kuznetsova, T.P. Timchenko, Ya.L. Rusakova, I.S. Murashov, A.A. Dokuchaeva, A.V. Bogachev-Prokophiev
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Patel, Parth M., Corinne Tan, Nayan Srivastava, Jeremy L. Herrmann, Mark D. Rodefeld, Mark W. Turrentine, and John W. Brown. "Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit: A Mid- to Long-Term Institutional Review." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 9, no. 5 (August 29, 2018): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135118779356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Since 1999, we have used the bovine jugular vein conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in infants and children. Herein, we review their mid- to long-term outcomes. Methods: Between 1999 and 2016, 315 bovine jugular vein conduits were implanted in 276 patients. Patients were grouped by age at bovine jugular vein conduit implant: group 1: 0 to 1 years (N = 65), group 2: one to ten years (N = 132), and group 3: older than ten years (N = 118). For survival and hemodynamic analysis, additional group stratification was done based on conduit size. Group small: 12 and 14 mm (N = 75), group medium: 16 and 18 mm (N = 84), and group large: 20 and 22 mm (N = 156). Results: Mean follow-up for groups 1, 2, and 3 was 4.0, 4.9, and 5.9 years, respectively. Early mortality was 9%, 0%, and 1% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( P < .001). Late mortality was 5%, 2%, and 2% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( P = .337). Group 1 had the lowest ten-year freedom from conduit failure at 13%, versus 53% and 69% for groups 2 and 3, respectively ( P < .001). A total of 21 (6.6%) patients developed endocarditis, 11 (3.5%) patients required reoperation, and 10 (3.2%) patients required antibiotic therapy alone. Conclusions: The bovine jugular vein conduit is a useful option for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction given its easy implantability and acceptable midterm durability.
Дисертації з теми "Vein conduit"
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Dreifaldt, Mats. "Conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery : Saphenous vein, radial and internal thoracic arteries." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-33265.
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A novel technique for saphenous vein (SV) graft harvesting, the No-touch technique (NT), has been developed at the Dept. of Cardiovascular surgery, Örebro University hospital. With NT the SV is harvested with a pedicle of surrounding tissue. This avoids graft spasm and eliminates the need for distension. The surrounding tissue acts as a structural support and is a rich source of vaso-dilating agents. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) has shown a significantly higher patency rate for NT SV grafts compared to SV grafts harvested with conventional technique (CT). This thesis evaluates some of the properties of the surrounding tissue and compares patency rates between NT SV and radial artery (RA) grafts and patency rates for internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts harvested with and without surrounding tissue. Paper I investigated vasa vasorum (VV) in SV grafts and showed that the NT preserves an intact VV whereas CT does not. This could be one of the mechanisms underlying the improved patency for NT SV grafts. Paper II evaluated VV and associated nitric oxide (NO) in SV and arterial grafts. SV grafts showed a higher number and larger VV, which correlated with NO production, compared to arterial grafts. NT SV grafts showed higher activity for e-NOS compared to CT SV grafts. Paper III is a RCT comparing patency rates between NT SV and RA grafts, three years after surgery, showing a significantly higher patency rate for NT SV grafts. Paper IV is a RCT comparing patency rates for ITA graft harvested with and without surrounding tissue and did not show any difference between graft preparations. In conclusion, the NT for SV graft harvesting preserves an intact vasa vasorum and associated NO production. NT SV grafts show a higher patency rate than RA grafts. Harvesting of ITA with or without surrounding tissue does not affect patency rate.
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Marathe, Supreet Prakash. "A comparison of homografts and bovine jugular vein conduits in the pulmonary position in patients younger than 20 years of age." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/229389/1/Supreet%20Prakash_Marathe_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is one of the largest, multi-center, propensity matched studies aiming to compare the performance of homografts with bovine jugular vein conduits in the pulmonary position for the pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients. While focussing on patients less than 20 years of age, this study identifies the best right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit.
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Fernandes, Sheila Ferreira. "Hospitaliza??es de idosos por condi??es sens?veis ? aten??o prim?ria no Brasil." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6234.
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Introduction: The focus was an increase in the elderly population in Brazil and worldwide. Hospitalizations in the elderly are the most costly part representatively in the population of Brazil. In 2011, Brazil spent about 3.3 billion reais in hospitalizations for this age group, which accounts for about 30% of the total amount spent for about 10% of the population. One way to reduce these costs would be avoiding hospitalizations for sensitive conditions primary care (HSCPC) health through the expansion of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). To evaluate the relationship between HSCPC in the elderly and the FHS coverage in Brazil from 2003, 2008 and 2013. And also identify potential variables that influence these admissions. Methods: Through the DATASUS database and Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH / SUS), was evaluated by linear regression, the relationship between HSCPC rate and FHS coverage in all UF in over 60 in the periods in question. They also analyzed the specific causes of hospitalizations in the elderly and its association with the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gini coefficient of each state. Results: There was no significant association between the percentage of HSCPC and the FHS coverage percentage in periods. Some diseases, like diabetes and heart failure, tended to reduce these periods, but this was not statistically significant. However, we found an inverse relationship of HSCPC and the human development index of each state and not with the Gini coefficient. Conclusion: The results of this study need to be improved, since the extensive diversity of our country and their conditions of access to outpatient and inpatient health. The HSCPC seem to be related to a broader context of the health-disease that can be represented by the human development index in UF Brazil.
Introdu??o: Evidencia-se um aumento da popula??o idosa no Brasil e no mundo. Hospitaliza??es em idosos s?o a parte mais onerosa representativamente na popula??o do Brasil. Em 2011, o Brasil gastou cerca de 3,3 bilh?es de reais em hospitaliza??es para esta faixa et?ria, o que corresponde a cerca de 30 % do valor total gasto para cerca de 10% da popula??o. Uma das formas de reduzir tais custos seria evitando as interna??es por condi??es sens?veis a aten??o prim?ria (ICSAP) a sa?de atrav?s da amplia??o da estrat?gia de sa?de da fam?lia (ESF). Objetivo: Avaliar a rela??o entre as ICSAP em idosos e a cobertura de ESF no Brasil nos per?odos de 2003, 2008 e 2013. E tamb?m identificar poss?veis vari?veis que influenciem nessas interna??es. M?todos: Atrav?s do banco de dados do DATASUS e Sistema de Informa??es Hospitalares do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SIH/SUS), foi avaliada, atrav?s de regress?o linear, a rela??o entre a taxa de ICSAP e a cobertura de ESF em todas as UF em maiores de 60 anos nos per?odos em quest?o. Tamb?m foram analisadas as causas espec?ficas de interna??es em idosos e sua associa??o com o ?ndice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH) e o coeficiente de Gini de cada UF. Resultados: N?o houve associa??o significativa entre o percentual de ICSAP e o percentual de cobertura de ESF nos per?odos avaliados. Algumas doen?as, como diabetes mellitus e insufici?ncia card?aca, apresentaram tend?ncia a redu??o nestes per?odos, mas esta n?o foi significativa estatisticamente. No entanto, encontrou-se uma rela??o inversa das ICSAP e o ?ndice de desenvolvimento humano de cada UF e n?o com o coeficiente de Gini. Conclus?o: Os resultados deste estudo precisam ser aprimorados, visto a extensa diversidade de nosso pa?s e suas condi??es de acesso a sa?de ambulatorial e hospitalar. As ICSAP parecem estar relacionadas a um contexto mais amplo do processo sa?de-doen?a que pode ser representado pelo ?ndice de desenvolvimento humano nas UF do Brasil.
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Pagnussat, Nat?lia. "Efeito estabilizador do grupo em comportamento explorat?rio, ansiedade, cogni??o e n?veis de cortisol em peixe zebra." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5395.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-28O peixe zebra (Danio rerio) vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado em estudos de biologia do desenvolvimento, gen?tica, farmacologia e de comportamento, mas os dados comportamentais obtidos nessa esp?cie apresentam uma grande variabilidade. A maioria dos estudos vem sendo realizados utilizando animais isolados, apesar do seu comportamento natural de formar e viver em cardume. N?s comparamos alguns par?metros comportamentais e tamb?m os n?veis de cortisol de peixe zebra adultos ap?s a exposi??o ? novidade. Na tarefa de comportamento explorat?rio, os resultados dos animais testados individualmente ou em trios n?o foram significativamente diferentes, mas os resultados dos animais testados sozinhos foram mais dispersos do que os trios nos par?metros avaliados (lat?ncia para explorar a parte superior do aqu?rio, tempo gasto na parte superior do aqu?rio e n?mero de cruzamentos, p <0,01). Na tarefa de claro/escuro, n?o houve diferen?a no desempenho dos animais testados individualmente quando comparados com os testados em trios (lat?ncia para passar para o lado escuro, tempo no lado claro e n?mero de cruzamentos), mas na lat?ncia para passar para o lado escuro os resultados foram mais dispersos quando os peixes foram testados isoladamente (p < 0,01). Na tarefa de esquiva inibit?ria, apenas os peixes treinados individualmente, apresentaram aumento na lat?ncia do teste em rela??o ? lat?ncia do treino (p <0,05). Novamente, a dispers?o dos dados foi maior nos peixes testados sozinhos em compara??o com os testados em trios (p <0,001). Os n?veis de cortisol dos animais controle (aqu?rio moradia) eram mais baixos do que os n?veis de cortisol dos animais expostos ao teste explorat?rio durante 5 min (p <0,05). Comparado com trios, os n?veis de cortisol dos peixes expostos ao teste individualmente foram mais vari?veis (p <0,001) e maiores (P <0,05). Em resumo, utilizar peixe zebra individualmente em testes comportamentais aumenta a variabilidade dos dados, provavelmente por perturbar o seu comportamento natural de forma??o de cardume. Estes achados mostram que testar peixe zebra isolados pode ser ben?fico ou prejudicial, dependendo dos objetivos do estudo mas, isso deve ser levado em considera??o ao se estabelecer protocolos comportamentais e tamb?m na interpreta??o dos resultados obtidos
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Roldan, Lucas Bonacina. "An?lise das condi??es favor?veis para a inova??o e seus resultados nas empresas residentes em parques tecnol?gicos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7082.
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The growing competition is causing companies to create innovations to excel in an environment of uncertainties. In that context, companies that operate in isolation usually do not have access to specialized resources, and as an alternative to such difficulties, technology parks arise as the solution for that problem. Technology parks are environments that offer conditions for the innovation to develop, and companies settled within them are able to take advantage of its structure, thus generating competitive advantages. Many public policies around the world are prioritizing the development of those kind of technology parks, causing the issue to deserve a better understanding. Due to the complexity of those parks, it is important to understand how innovation occurs within those innovation ecosystems, and how the innovations affect the performance of the companies. Many studies have addressed this issue; however, most of times it is dealt qualitatively, or through secondary data, thus needing further elaboration. Given that, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between innovation-friendly conditions in the technology parks, the innovations made by the companies settled within them, and their results in terms of organizational performance. To develop this model, a literature search was first conducted, in order to list the possible restrictions of innovation in technology parks, the innovations and their results in terms of business performance. Later, a qualitative phase was conducted comprising six managers of technology parks, in order to verify whether the literature presuppositions were appropriate to the Brazilian context, and to carry out such adaptation and consolidate the theoretical model; and finally, a quantitative study was carried out (comprising one hundred ninety-two companies settled in parks) to test the model developed through structural equation modeling. As results, first, constructs were proposed to measure the favorable conditions for innovation in technology parks and, the theoretical model was checked in cooperation with technology parks experts. After that, the assumptions of the theoretical model were tested through structural equation modeling, and it was identified that the innovations are positively influenced by support services (innovation and marketing process), as well as by the physical infrastructure (product, process, organization and marketing innovation); however, the relationship network among the companies negatively influence the innovation process, being the latter result not in accordance with the premises of the literature on technological parks, implying further insights on this issue. Another result was that the process innovations and marketing positively influence the performance of companies settled within the technological parks, which is in accordance with the innovation literature, demonstrating that effectively parks contribute to innovation in resident companies.
A crescente competitividade est? fazendo com que as empresas precisem inovar para se destacar neste ambiente de incertezas. Nesse contexto, as empresas que atuam de forma isolada n?o possuem, muitas vezes, acesso a recursos especializados e como alternativa para tais dificuldades surgem os parques tecnol?gicos. Parques tecnol?gicos s?o ambientes que oferecem condi??es para que a inova??o se desenvolva e as empresas residentes neles possam usufruir de sua estrutura, gerando vantagens competitivas. Muitas pol?ticas p?blicas ao redor do mundo est?o priorizando o desenvolvimento destes parques tecnol?gicos fazendo com que o tema necessite de maior entendimento. Devido ? complexidade desses parques, ? importante entender como ocorre a inova??o dentro destes ecossistemas e como estas inova??es influenciam o desempenho das empresas. Muitos estudos abordam o tema, por?m na maioria das vezes ele ? estudado de forma qualitativa ou atrav?s de dados secund?rios, precisando de maior aprofundamento. Diante disto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as rela??es entre as condi??es favor?veis ? inova??o nos parques tecnol?gicos, as inova??es realizadas pelas empresas neles residentes e os seus resultados em termos de desempenho organizacional. Para realizar esta an?lise foi elaborado primeiramente um modelo te?rico, atrav?s de uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica com o intuito de elencar na literatura os poss?veis condicionantes da inova??o nos parques tecnol?gicos, as inova??es e os resultados em termos de desempenho das empresas. Ap?s foi realizada uma etapa qualitativa junto a seis gestores de parques tecnol?gicos com o intuito de verificar se os pressupostos da literatura estavam adequados para o contexto brasileiro e realizar tal adapta??o e consolidar o modelo te?rico e, por fim, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo (com cento e noventa e duas empresas residentes em parques) a fim testar o modelo desenvolvido atrav?s da modelagem de equa??es estruturais. Como resultados, primeiramente foram propostos construtos para mensurar as condi??es favor?veis ? inova??o em parques tecnol?gicos e verificado o modelo te?rico com os especialistas em parques tecnol?gicos. Ap?s, foram testadas as hip?teses do modelo te?rico atrav?s da modelagem de equa??es estruturais, sendo que foi identificado que as inova??es s?o influenciadas positivamente pelos servi?os de apoio (inova??o de processo e marketing) e pelas infraestruturas f?sicas (inova??o de produto, processo, organizacional e marketing), por?m as redes de relacionamento entre empresas influenciam negativamente a inova??o de processo, sendo que este ?ltimo resultado esta em desacordo com a literatura sobre parques tecnol?gicos, implicando em aprofundamentos futuros sobre esta quest?o. Outro resultado obtido foi o de que as inova??es de processo e de marketing influenciam positivamente o desempenho das empresas residentes em parques tecnol?gicos o que est? de acordo com a literatura de inova??o, demonstrando que efetivamente os parques contribuem para a inova??o nas empresas residentes.
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Sousa, Ana Luiza Dayrell Gomes da Costa. "Hospitaliza??es pedi?tricas por condi??es sens?veis ? aten??o prim?ria em uma regi?o ampliada de sa?de do sudeste do Brasil." UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/370.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
As hospitaliza??es por condi??es sens?veis ? aten??o prim?ria s?o um indicador da capacidade resolutiva do sistema de sa?de, representando problemas que seriam potencialmente evit?veis caso houvesse uma aten??o prim?ria cont?nua, opor?tuna e efetiva. Consistem em doen?as cujo risco de interna??o poderia ser reduzido atrav?s da preven??o, diagn?stico e tratamento precoce de condi??es agudas ou do controle e acompanhamento de afec??es cr?nicas. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo estudar o perfil regional das hospitaliza??es pedi?tricas por condi??es sens?veis ? aten??o prim?ria ? sa?de. Trata-se de um estudo anal?tico transversal, realizado por meio de inqu?rito de morbidade hospitalar com utiliza??o de dados secund?rios obtidos dos prontu?rios cl?nicos. Foram investigadas todas as interna??es de crian?as abaixo de dez anos de idade ocorridas em 2011. Os dados revelam que as interna??es por condi??es sens?veis ? aten??o prim?ria corresponderam a 31,0% do total e a 40,4% dos casos provenientes do munic?pio de Diamantina. Pneumonias bacterianas e asma foram as principais causas observadas, havendo diverg?ncias entre os diagn?sticos documentados nos prontu?rios e aqueles registrados nos laudos oficiais. Os resultados evidenciaram a import?ncia do monitoramento da aten??o prim?ria quanto ?s a??es direcionadas ? popula??o infantil, visto sua maior vulnerabilidade. Somadas a outros indicadores, as interna??es por condi??es sens?veis ? aten??o prim?ria apresentam-se como uma ferramenta de grande utilidade para a gest?o em sa?de, pois possibilitam uma vis?o mais ampla quanto ? realidade da assist?ncia prestada.
Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.
Hospital admissions for reasons related to primary health care are said to be an indirect indicator of how successful a given health system is. They reflect conditions which could be potentially avoided if continuous, effective, adequate primary care were in place. This is mainly because the number of hospitalizations could be reduced by preventive actions and/or early diagnosis and treatment of acute conditions and monitoring of chronic diseases. The primary purpose of the present research was to provide a general overview of pediatric hospitalizations for conditions related to primary health care by examining child morbidity on the basis of secundary data from medical records. Here, we focused on hospital admissions of children under ten years (zero to nine years, 11 months and 29 days) to two hospitals in the town of Diamantina, Southeastern Brazil, in 2011 (from January, 1st to December, 31st). We found that hospitalizations for reasons related to primary health care accounted for 31% of the overall number of child admissions. When considering only the cases from Diamantina specifically, the percentage rose to 40.4%. Bacterial pneumonia and asthma were the main causes of hospitalization, although the diagnoses documented in the medical records were not consistent with official reports. Our findings support the importance of monitoring children?s primary health care given their highly vulnerable nature. We also argue that assessment of hospitalizations for conditions related to children?s primary health care can serve as a valuable tool in health management. Together with other indicators, it provides a broader overview of the assistance that is actually offered.
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Pedroso, Ana Paula da Costa. "Transi??o lenta ou ciclos de crescimento n?o sustent?veis : efeitos sobre o bem estar do rio grandino." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3888.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-29A presente pesquisa prop?e-se, atrav?s da an?lise do hist?rico econ?mico da cidade de Rio Grande RS, das teorias Econ?micas e dos indicadores s?cio econ?micos da cidade, identificar quais as teorias que melhor explicam o desenvolvimento de Rio Grande e quais os principais fatores respons?veis pelo processo lento e n?o linear da Cidade. Ber?o do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, teve uma participa??o significativa na economia do Estado, especialmente pela posi??o privilegiada geograficamente, que garantiu investimentos no Munic?pio, em raz?o do seu porto mar?timo. O objetivo deste estudo ? compreender as diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento da cidade. Tamb?m foi objetivo descrever e identificar no hist?rico da cidade os investimentos que mais expressividade e reflexo tiveram na qualidade de vida dos riograndinos, e a luz das teorias econ?micas identificar quais as que melhor explicam o crescimento sem desenvolvimento da cidade de Rio Grande. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa consiste em revis?o bibliogr?fica, e apresenta??o e an?lise descritiva dos dados s?cio econ?micos do Munic?pio. As considera??es finais deste trabalho deixam claro que apesar de algumas fases da economia ter caracter?sticas fortes de pensadores econ?micos, voltados aos ciclos, a situa??o de Rio Grande, n?o manteve um comportamento esperado para que as concep??es de Shumpeter e Rostow fossem atestadas. Entretanto, com algumas exce??es, os trabalhos analisados que se preocuparam com as caracter?sticas, necessidades e desenvolvimentos de cidades portu?rias, mostram que o Munic?pio, acima de qualquer teoria, ? efetivamente caracterizado como tal, e presenciou todas as fases que o porto pode auxiliar e prejudicar o desenvolvimento do local. O preju?zo a condi??o de vida do riograndino, ? constatada, na falta de medidas p?blicas e privada que deixam em prol dos interesses que o porto pode proporcionar as possibilidades de capacita??o e oportunidades, especialmente nas quest?es de sa?de e educa??o de seus cidad?os, impossibilitando que a cidade se mantenha em desenvolvimento junto com o crescimento sempre esperado para Rio Grande.
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Fontes, Luiz Felipe Campos. "Dois ensaios em avalia??o de pol?ticas p?blicas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7823.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The present dissertation consists of two independent essays in public policy evaluation, which estimates the causal effects of two major Brazilian policies, the Mais M?dicos Program (PMM) and the Bolsa Fam?lia Program (PBF). The first essay aims to evaluate the PMM in terms of the provision of physicians, presenting estimates of its impact on hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSH). The differences-in-differences method was used with propensity score matching (double difference matching), using three specifications, a falsification test and also a dynamic endogeneity test to confirm the robustness of the results. For the application of this methodology, a panel of municipal data was constructed covering several variables related to socioeconomic, demographic and public health infrastructure characteristics in the cities for the period from 2010 to 2016. First, it is shown that the program had an effect on increasing the density of physicians. Then, the main results show a significant reduction in hospital admissions in treated municipalities with an increasing and perceptible effect in the second year of the program. The second essay aims to analyze the impact of PBF in Brazilian intern migration. The Average Treatment Effect on Treated (ATT) was estimated through Propensity Score Matching (PSM) using microdata from Brazilian Census 2010. The results show that the program stimulates recipients? remigration to their home states and retain those already established in a locality. The estimates are robust in the possible presence of omitted variables and in different matching specifications. By exploring regional heterogeneity, we have shown that the impacts on return and retention are greater for the Northeast, the concentrating region of return migrations and Program beneficiaries. Through Dose Response Function it is also shown that the results are positively correlated with the monetary values transfer by the Bolsa Fam?lia, which may indicate a channel for the empirical results.
A presente disserta??o consiste em dois ensaios independentes em avalia??o de pol?ticas p?blicas, os quais estimam efeitos causais de duas pol?ticas brasileiras de grande apelo, o Programa Mais M?dicos (PMM) e o Programa Bolsa Fam?lia (PBF). O primeiro ensaio objetiva avaliar o PMM no que se refere ao provimento de m?dicos, apresentando estimativas de seu impacto nas interna??es por condi??es sens?veis ? aten??o prim?ria (ICSAP). Foi empregado o m?todo de diferen?as-em-diferen?as com pareamento por escore de propens?o (double difference matching). Para a aplica??o desta metodologia, foi constru?do um painel de dados municipais abrangendo diversas vari?veis relativas ?s caracter?sticas socioecon?micas, demogr?ficas e de infraestrutura p?blica de sa?de nas cidades para o per?odo de 2010 a 2016. Como um primeiro est?gio da an?lise, apresenta-se o impacto do programa sobre o n?mero de m?dicos nos munic?pios benefici?rios. As estimativas sugerem que houve aumento significativo na oferta de m?dicos por conta do PMM. Em um segundo est?gio mostra-se que o programa teve impacto na redu??o de interna??es hospitalares evit?veis nos munic?pios mais carentes em termos de oferta de sa?de, com um efeito crescente e percept?vel a partir do segundo ano da pol?tica. Al?m disso, algumas estrat?gias adotadas garantiram a robustez dos resultados como um teste de endogeneidade din?mica, estima??es para anos anteriores ao programa, e regress?es a partir de diferentes especifica??es. O segundo ensaio estima o impacto do PBF sobre a migra??o inter-estadual brasileira. A estima??o do efeito do tratamento m?dio sobre os tratados (Average Treatment Effect on Treated ? ATT) foi feita por meio do Propensity Score Matching (PSM) a partir dos microdados do Censo Demogr?fico de 2010, em que foi poss?vel analisar indiv?duos migrantes, migrantes retornados e n?o retornados. As estima??es apontam que o PBF estimula a remigra??o dos benefici?rios aos seus estados de origem, al?m de manter aqueles que j? est?o fixos em uma localidade, mesmo que essa n?o seja a sua de nascimento. Os resultados n?o se mostraram sens?veis ? poss?vel presen?a de vari?veis omitidas e as demais especifica??es utilizadas nas estima??es. Ao explorar a heterogeneidade regional, mostramos que os impactos sobre remigra??o e reten??o s?o maiores para regi?o Nordeste, a qual concentra grande parte dos remigrados e benefici?rios do PBF. Ainda, por meio da Fun??o Dose Resposta (FDR), mostra-se que os resultados s?o positivamente correlacionados com os valores monet?rios pagos pelo programa, o que pode indicar um mecanismo para os resultados.
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Kummer, Simone Stochero. "Interna??es geri?tricas e opini?es dos gestores municipais da regi?o metropolitana de Porto Alegre : considera??es sobre os programas de sa?de direcionados a idosos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7870.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
INTRODUCTION: the progressive aging of the population brings with it changes in the needs of the social organization in which we all live, demanding a better understanding of this epidemiological transition and of all the ways to lead a healthy longevity. Changes in age structure and the consequences of population aging make the prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases more significant, a process that requires a Public System prepared to deal with disease prevention issues and ongoing health promotion. OBJECTIVE: compare the frequency and costs of the hospitalization of the elderly in the municipalities of the 10th Region of Health. METODOLOGIA: The quantitative part is transversal type, with the analysis carried out from the elements collected in the DATASUS database. These part was complemented by a qualitative part, with the opinions of their health system managers, in order to provide elements that help improve health care and management with more quality, data were collection from the year 2014. In the qualitative part with longitudinal type, there were used questionnaires with open questions to the managers, a pre-analysis was carried out, and a spreadsheet was created in Excel, which was changed and/or complemented in the three preliminary meetings of the Pilot Project. Subsequently these data were used as a subsidy for the focus group discussions, which consisted of six health managers (or their representatives), who participated in seven meetings, in which six studies were carried out on the health situation, one for each County. RESULTS: a quantitative value of ICSAP was found among the residents of the 10th Region in the State and other Health Regions of the state, with a total of 52,94 hospitalizations per 1000 resident elderly residents, while the total Of ICSAP among the elderly in the State of Rio Grande do Sul was 64,58. However, in relation to the ICSAP of the diagnostic group L, skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases, Region 10 had 0.56 hospitalizations per 1000 elderly inhabitants, while in the whole state, in this diagnostic group, 0,48. The same occurs in the diagnostic group N, diseases of the genitourinary system: in the 10th Region of Health there were 4,27 ICSAP per 1000 elderly inhabitants, while in the whole state of Rio Grande do Sul were 3,94, with 3,86 hospitalizations for every 1000 elderly people in other health regions. Health Education issues for SUS users and health professionals, focusing on the specific needs of the elderly, were pointed out as a resolution to 72,4% of health problems of the Region 10. The implementation and expansion of home care services, according to a better at Home Program, were indicated in the intention of better accompanying the outpatients of hospital discharges, with a view to considering not only dehospitalization, but effectively reducing hospital readmissions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The cross-referencing of demographic, socioeconomic, epidemiological and morbidity and mortality data provides a more solid, critical and supported view for the construction of opinions favorable or unfavorable to health actions and the use of public resources. In addition, the development of the skills of collecting and analyzing these data stands out as something that should also be disseminated among health professionals and management representatives who participate in the decision-making processes, be it meetings of Regional Interagency Commissions (CIRs). The Bipartite Interagency Committee (CIB) or the Municipal or State Health Councils. The list of sensitive conditions to Primary Care should function as an indicator of indirect measures of the functioning and resolving capacity of Primary Health Care. This study may be of great importance and value to the managers involved with basic care, and can act as another indicator of their quality, being included in the contributions for the evaluation of the implementation and implementation of health policies. Considering that all health action requires the availability of resources, it is suggested to think of a National Health Policy for the Elderly that binds costing with the fulfillment of goals, in order to meet its end-goals.
O progressivo envelhecimento da popula??o vem trazendo consigo modifica??es das necessidades na organiza??o social em que vivemos, exigindo uma melhor compreens?o desta transi??o epidemiol?gica e de todas as formas de conduzir uma longevidade saud?vel. As mudan?as na estrutura et?ria e as consequ?ncias do envelhecimento populacional tornam mais significativa a preval?ncia de doen?as cr?nico-degenerativas, processo que exige um sistema p?blico preparado para lidar com quest?es de preven??o da doen?a e permanente promo??o da sa?de. Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar frequ?ncia e custos de interna??es de idosos dos munic?pios da 10? Regi?o de Sa?de, complementando com opini?es de seus gestores, para disponibilizar elementos que auxiliem a melhora desse atendimento e a gest?o das a??es de Sa?de. Foi realizado um estudo quanti-qualitativo, sendo a parte quantitativa do tipo transversal, com coleta de dados referentes ao ano de 2014, e a parte qualitativa do tipo longitudinal. Realizada an?lise a partir dos elementos colhidos no banco de dados DATASUS, complementados com a realiza??o de question?rios com perguntas aos gestores, sendo realizada uma pr?-an?lise, montada uma planilha no excel, que foi alterada e/ou complementada nos tr?s encontros preliminares do projeto piloto e, posteriormente, utilizada como subs?dio para as discuss?es do grupo focal, o qual constituiu-se dos seis gestores de sa?de (ou seus representantes), que participaram de sete encontros, em que foram realizados seis estudos de caso acerca da situa??o de sa?de, no que se refere ? aten??o ? pessoa idosa, um estudo de caso para cada um dos munic?pios pesquisados. Resultados: Percebeu-se entre os mun?cipes da 10? Regi?o, um quantitativo de ICSAP abaixo dos valores no Estado e de outras Regi?es de Sa?de do estado, apresentando um total de 52,94 interna??es a cada 1000 habitantes idosos residentes, enquanto que o total geral de ICSAP entre os idosos de todo o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi de 64,58. No entanto, no que se refere ?s ICSAP do grupo diagn?stico L, doen?as da pele e do tecido subcut?neo, a Regi?o 10 apresentou 0,56 interna??es a cada 1000 habitantes idosos, enquanto que em todo o Estado, nesse grupo diagn?stico, ocorreram 0,48. O mesmo se repetiu para o grupo diagn?stico N, doen?as do aparelho geniturin?rio: na 10? Regi?o de Sa?de ocorreram 4,27 ICSAP a cada 1000 habitantes idosos, enquanto que em todo o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul ocorreram 3,94, com 3,86 interna??es a cada 1000 idosos nas outras regi?es de Sa?de. As quest?es de Educa??o em Sa?de aos usu?rios do SUS e aos profissionais da sa?de, sob o enfoque das necessidades espec?ficas do idoso, foram apontadas como resolu??o para 72,4% de problem?ticas em sa?de da Regi?o 10. A implementa??o e amplia??o de servi?os de interna??o domiciliar, conforme o Programa Melhor em Casa, foram indicadas na inten??o de melhor acompanhar os pacientes egressos de altas hospitalares, vislumbrando comtemplar n?o apenas a desospitaliza??o, mas efetivamente a redu??o das reinterna??es hospitalares. Considera??es finais e perspectivas: O cruzamento de dados demogr?ficos, socioecon?micos, epidemiol?gicos e de morbimortalidade proporciona uma vis?o mais s?lida, cr?tica e respaldada para a constru??o de pareceres favor?veis ou desfavor?veis ?s a??es de sa?de e ? utiliza??o dos recursos p?blicos. Al?m de que o desenvolvimento de habilidades de coleta e de an?lise desses dados, destaca-se como algo que merece ser disseminado tamb?m entre os profissionais da sa?de e representantes da gest?o que participam dos processos decis?rios, seja em reuni?es de Comiss?es Intergestores Regionais (CIR), Comiss?o Intergestores Bipartite (CIB) ou dos Conselhos Municipais ou Estadual de Sa?de. A lista de condi??es sens?veis ? Aten??o Prim?ria deve funcionar como um indicador de medidas indiretas do funcionamento e da capacidade resolutiva da aten??o prim?ria ? sa?de, este estudo pode ser de grande valia aos gestores envolvidos com a aten??o b?sica, podendo funcionar como mais um balizador de sua qualidade, sendo inclu?do nas contribui??es para a avalia??o da implanta??o e da implementa??o das pol?ticas de sa?de. Considerando que toda a a??o de sa?de exige a disponibiliza??o de recursos, sugere-se pensar em uma Pol?tica Nacional de Sa?de da Pessoa Idosa que vincule custeio com o cumprimento de metas, em prol de atender seus objetivos-fim.
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Caillet, Marie-Caroline. "Le droit à l'épreuve de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : étude à partir des entreprises transnationales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0234/document.
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Les entreprises sont aujourd’hui au coeur des échanges économiques mondiaux. Ces échanges se traduisent par la mise en place de relations commerciales desquelles peuvent émerger des structures souvent complexes et difficilement saisissables par le droit : les entreprises transnationales. Aucune réponse juridique satisfaisante n’a encore été trouvée pour les encadrer, alors que paradoxalement, la RSE donne naissance à des normes, des outils et des instruments pour les responsabiliser. L’étude de la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises transnationales à travers le prisme du droit révèle en réalité l’émergence d’un cadre de régulation hybride : les normes de RSE s’immiscent dans le droit, conduisant celui-ci à s’emparer de ces normes à son tour. Cet échange permet d’aborder l’entreprise transnationale à travers une approche nouvelle, tirée des normes de RSE, c’est-à-dire à travers son organisation et ses fonctions. Les relations de l’entreprise avec ses partenaires commerciaux deviennent alors une assise potentielle pour le droit, davantage que son statut ou que sa structure juridique, à partir desquelles peuvent être imputées des obligations, aujourd’hui inexistantes. Une fois l’entreprise transnationale saisie, c’est un cadre juridique adapté à son organisation complexe qui peut être mis à jour. L’étude des normes de RSE dévoile un enrichissement des règles applicables à l’entreprise transnationale et un renforcement potentiel de sa responsabilité juridique, fondée sur une approche préventive mais également solidaire du droit de la responsabilité. Passant outre les problèmes posés par l’absence de statut juridique, la RSE permet de saisir les entreprises transnationales par le biais de leurs relations commerciales, et d’envisager la conception d’un nouveau standard juridique de conduite sociétale, générateur d’une responsabilité individuelle et collective fondée sur une obligation de vigilanceCompanies are now at the heart of global trade. These economic exchanges result in the establishment of commercial relationships, from which may emerge structures that are often complex and difficult to grapple with under the law: transnational corporations. While no satisfactory legal framework has yet been established to frame their work, paradoxically CSR gives rise to standards, tools and instruments to ensure their accountability. The study of the social responsibility of transnational corporations through the prism of the law actually reveals the emergence of a hybrid framework of regulation: CSR standards influence the law, forcing the law in turn to take note of these standards. This exchange allows us to handle a transnational business through a new approach derived from CSR standards, essentially through its organisation and functions. The relationship between a company and its business partners then becomes a potential basis for the law, rather than its status or its legal structure, from which can be derived responsibilities. Once a transnational corporation is seized, a legal framework adapted to its complex structure can come to light. The study of CSR standards reveals an enrichment of the rules applicable to transnational corporations and a potential strengthening of their legal liability, based on a preventive and joint and several approach of the law of responsibility. Ignoring the problems posed by the lack of legal status, CSR allows for the regulation of transnational enterprises through their commercial relations and provides a basis for the development of a new legal standard of social conduct, giving rise to individual and collective liability based on a duty of care
Книги з теми "Vein conduit"
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Prabhakar, L. R. In a lighter vein. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1986.
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Esther, Gulshan. Beyond the veil. London: Marshall Pickering, 1992.
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Skjæveland, Øystein. Voksne spår, barna rår: Veien ut av (l)egoland. Oslo: Lunde, 2002.
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The circle gathers: Veil Knights - book one. Phoenix, Arizona: Harbinger Books, 2016.
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Ḥoresh, Barukh ben Mosheh. ʻOlam ha-yeshivah: Hadrakhah maʻaśit le-ven ha-yeshivah : meluḳat mi-divre rabotenu ha-geʼonim ... Modiʻin ʻIlit: Barukh Ḥoresh, 2009.
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Melovitsḳi, Aharon Leyb. Sefer Hadrakhah le-ven yeshivah: Pirḳe hadrakhah ṿe-liṿui li-vene ha-neʻurim ha-baʼim be-shaʻare ha-yeshivah lemaʻan yelkhu be-derekh ṭovim. Bene Beraḳ: A.L. Melovitsḳi, 1993.
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ha-Mavdil ben ḳodesh le-ḥu. l.: Madrikh hilkhati ha-ʻomed ʻal ha-hevdelim ba-dinim uva-minhagim ha-shonim ha-nehugim be-Erets Yiśraʼel ule-ven eleh ha-nehugim be-ḥu. l. ... Rekhasim: Mordekhai ʻAzran, 2007.
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Pinḥasi, Meʼir ben Shemuʼel. Sefer Torat ha-yeshivah: Otsar dinim u-minhagim maʻaśiyim ha-shekhiḥim be-ven yeshivah ... kolel beʼurim u-meḳorot mi-gedole ha-posḳim ... uve-śimat dagesh be-ḥiluḳe ha-dinim ben bene Sefarad ṿe-Ashkenaz. Yerushalayim: Meʼir ben Shemuʼel Pinḥasi, 2005.
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Esther, Sister Gulshan, and Vita Toon. Beyond the Veil: Sequel to "The Torn Veil". HarperCollins Publishers Inc, 1992.
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Ivor, Roberts, and Parry Emyr Jones. Book VIII Envoi, 36 Advice To Diplomats. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0036.
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This chapter offers some practical advice for diplomats, especially in taking advantage of the society and technology available to them in modern times. It lays out the ideal characteristics that a diplomat ought to embody in order to carry out their tasks efficiently and with respect to the institutions that they are working with. In this vein, the chapter elaborates on a classic statement on the ideal diplomat—‘the Nicolson test’. Hereafter the chapter proffers more specific advice for engaging the advantages and challenges of modern diplomacy. It looks into such topics as multilateral diplomacy, the problems of protocol and precedence, conduct in public occasions, and internal differences.
Частини книг з теми "Vein conduit"
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Coppoolse, R., W. Rees, M. G. Muniputanna, D. Oefler, and H. Warnecke. "Minimally invasive vein harvesting — video-assisted vein harvesting." In Beating Heart Bypass Surgery and Minimally Invasive Conduit Harvesting, 195–203. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1929-9_18.
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Schade, I., and B. Löwe. "Minimally invasive vein harvesting." In Beating Heart Bypass Surgery and Minimally Invasive Conduit Harvesting, 187–94. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1929-9_17.
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Kapsalis, A., and K. Alexiou. "Minimally invasive video-assisted endoscopic vein harvesting." In Beating Heart Bypass Surgery and Minimally Invasive Conduit Harvesting, 204–13. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1929-9_19.
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Root, Drena, Scott Manchester, Young Kim, Sujin Lee, and Anahita Dua. "Upper and Lower Extremity Vein Mapping for Bypass Graft Conduit." In The Massachusetts General Hospital Clinical Approach to Vascular Ultrasound, 133–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93127-8_16.
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Wang, Alice, and Peter K. Smith. "Harvesting conduits." In State of the Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization, edited by Tristan D. Yan, Ki-Bong Kim, Paul G. Bannon, and Mario Gaudino, 291–94. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758785.003.0049.
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The saphenous vein graft (SVG) remains the most commonly used conduit for circumflex, right coronary, and diagonal coronary grafts and is used in approximately 90% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in the United States. Vein graft failure, however, remains a persistent disadvantage of the SVG compared to arterial conduits. Up to 15% of SVGs occlude within the first year and up to half are occluded by 10 years. Vein graft failure has serious clinical consequence as studies have found SVG occlusion to be associated with the need for repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, and death. Consequently, much research has been dedicated to identifying causes of increased rates of vein graft failure, particularly whether the method of harvest affects SVG patency.
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Al Shakarchi, Julien. "Autologous Saphenous Vein and Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Grafts in Infra-inguinal Arterial Reconstructions." In 50 Studies Every Vascular Surgeon Should Know, edited by Julien Al Shakarchi and Lewis Meecham, 169–74. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197637906.003.0033.
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Abstract This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether autologous vein conduit improved outcomes compared to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conduit for patients undergoing infra-inguinal bypass. This prospective, multicenter, randomized study demonstrated that patency was improved with a vein conduit compared with PTFE, especially in below-the-knee outflow targets. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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Kim, Ki-Bong. "Revascularization using the saphenous vein as a composite graft." In State of the Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization, edited by Tristan D. Yan, Ki-Bong Kim, Paul G. Bannon, and Mario Gaudino, 255–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758785.003.0043.
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The saphenous vein conduit has been used as an aortocoronary bypass graft in almost all previous studies, and its use as a composite graft was reserved for patients with diffusely atherosclerotic or calcified ascending aorta to minimize ascending aorta manipulation and to reduce the risk of neurological injury.
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Mitchell, Andrew, Giovanni Luigi De Maria, and Adrian Banning. "Coronary artery bypass graft angiography." In Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention, 165–81. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198705642.003.0007.
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Most patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, or CABG, in the past decade will have had a combination of arterial grafts and saphenous vein grafts (or received total arterial revascularization), as conduit patency for mammary arterial grafts has been shown to be significantly higher than that of vein grafts. This chapter covers one of the most common operations performed on patients with three-vessel coronary disease. It describes the role of pre-angiography, choosing an appropriate catheter, and the location of various grafts. It is fully illustrated with clinical images throughout, annotated to aid understanding.
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Tranbaugh, Robert F., Mario Gaudino, Brian F. Buxton, and James Tatoulis. "The radial artery." In State of the Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization, edited by Tristan D. Yan, Ki-Bong Kim, Paul G. Bannon, and Mario Gaudino, 275–80. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758785.003.0046.
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The radial artery is an easily harvested, versatile, and high-quality conduit with proven safety and efficacy during coronary artery bypass grafting. When properly harvested and deployed, the long-term patency is excellent and similar to the left internal thoracic artery. Either open or endoscopic harvesting may be used and target vessel stenosis should be at least 70%. Radial artery grafting is superior to saphenous vein grafting and appears to be equivalent to using the right internal thoracic artery. Adoption of radial artery grafting may be the most direct path to routine multiple arterial bypass grafting in the majority of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
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S., Maseeha, Tracy A., Michael J., Geoffrey M., and Daniel R. "Saphenous Vein Conduit in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery — Patency Rates and Proposed Mechanisms for Failure." In Artery Bypass. InTech, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55098.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Vein conduit"
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Y., M. N. Rahman, A. B. Shahriman, SK Za'aba, SA Roohi, Khairunizam Wan, and A. H. Ismail. "Computational fluid dynamic analysis on microvascular vein grafting: Effect of mismatched conduit diameters." In 2012 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecbes.2012.6498087.
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Siddiqui, S., M. DaCosta, D. Veerasingam, F. Bartolozzi, and A. Soo. "35 Endoscopic vein harvest: early experience of adopting a minimally invasive conduit harvesting technique." In Irish Cardiac Society Annual Scientific Meeting & AGM, Thursday October 17th – Saturday October 19th 2019, Galway, Ireland. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-ics.35.
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Shaffer, Nicholas, Francis Loth, Oliver Wieben, Brandon Rocque, Bermans Iskandar, and John Oshinski. "Impedance to Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Cervical Spinal Canal is Dominated by Geometric Complexity." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53642.
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In a fluid system, longitudinal impedance (LI) is the impedance per unit length of a conduit. Its magnitude depends on conduit geometry and the mechanical properties of both the fluid and conduit. In the context of vein grafts, LI has been shown to correlate with vein graft size and graft patency at one year from surgery [1]. More generally, LI has been shown to be consistent over a wide range of physiological flows [2]. Due to its ability to characterize the effect of geometry on flow in a conduit, LI may be useful in examining differences between a healthy spinal canal and one affected by Type I Chiari malformation (CMI). CMI is a complex disorder of the craniospinal system classically characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils of 3–5 mm past the foramen magnum [3], which has proven difficult to properly diagnose as the associated neurological symptoms may overlap with the symptomatology of other disorders. Current methods of quantifying CMI severity, such as cerebellar tonsil herniation depth, do not necessarily correlate with symptom severity. Likewise, studies that have sought to hydrodynamically analyze CMI by measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity have yielded mixed results. We hypothesized that the severity of obstruction to CSF flow in the CMI-affected cervical spinal canal can be quantified and compared by calculation of LI.
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Bond, Andrew, Nadiah Sulaiman, Vito Bruno, Jason Johnson, Sarah George, and Raimondo Ascione. "BS26 Generation of a tissue engineered conduit from human saphenous vein and porcine blood outgrowth endothelial cells." In British Cardiovascular Society Annual Conference ‘Digital Health Revolution’ 3–5 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-bcs.189.
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Anayiotos, Andreas S., Pedro D. Pedroso, Ramakrishna Venugopalan, Evangelos Eleftheriou, and Maria A. Advincula. "Flow Evaluation of a Compliant Coronary Artery Anastomosis Model." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common surgical procedure for coronary artery diseases or severe stenosis of the coronary arteries. It makes use of a peripheral vein (usually the saphenous vein of the leg) to form a conduit between the aorta and the coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion. It is rapidly becoming the treatment of choice in cases where the vessel is more than 70% occluded or when angioplasty is not possible. However, a significant number of grafts subsequently fail due to acute thrombosis in the early post-operative period or to restenosis within months or years. Intimal thickening in the CABG anastomosis has been implicated as the major cause of restenosis and long-term graft failure. Several studies point to the interplay between non-uniform hemodynamics (including disturbed flows and recirculation zones), wall shear stress, and long particle residence time as possible etiologies. An important feature of the anastomosis geometry, is a bulge that forms at the veno-arterial junction. This sinus forms as a result of the stretching of the thin venous wall when the graft is exposed to aortic pressure conditions. The resultant sinus, and the impedance mismatch of the vein-artery connection, contribute to a complicated region of highly disturbed flow at the divider and may have a primary role in restenosis and final failure of the graft.
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Whited, Bryce M., Matthias C. Hofmann, Peng Lu, Christopher G. Rylander, Shay Soker, Ge Wang, Yong Xu, and Marissa Nichole Rylander. "A Nondestructive Fiber-Based Imaging System to Assess Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80298.
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The clinical need for alternatives to autologous vein and artery grafts for small-diameter vascular reconstruction have led researches to a tissue-engineering approach. Bioengineered vascular grafts provide a mechanically robust conduit for blood flow while implanted autologous cells remodel the construct to form a fully functional vessel [1]. A typical tissue-engineering approach involves fabricating a vascular scaffold from natural or synthetic materials, seeding the lumen of a vessel with endothelial cells (EC) and the vessel wall with smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts to mimic the functional properties of a native vessel. The cell-seeded vascular scaffold is then preconditioned in vitro using a pulsatile bioreactor to mimic in vivo conditions to enhance vessel maturation before implantation (Fig. 1).
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Carroll, Gráinne T., Paul D. Devereux, Anthony Callanan, Tim M. McGloughlin, and Michael T. Walsh. "The Influence of Realistic Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula Wall Shear Stress (WSS) on Endothelial Cell (EC) Gene Expression: A Correlation to Intimal Hyperplasia Development." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193248.
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The low patency rates of Arteriovenous (AV) fistulae are well documented in the literature [1]. Up to 90% of AV fistula morbidity is caused by stenotic lesion formation and the subsequent development of thrombosis in the Vascular Access (VA) junction [1]. The underlying pathology of these stenotic lesions is intimal hyperplasia (IH) which has been characterized by the degradation of the extra cellular matrix (ECM), migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the infiltration of leukocytes and monocytes into the intima. IH primarily occurs in a number of key locations within the VA junction of AV fistulae which include the suture line of the anastomosis, on the floor of the vein opposite the VA junction and downstream of the anastomosis within the venous conduit of the AV fistula [2].
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Bonani, Walter, Antonella Motta, Claudio Migliaresi, and Wei Tan. "Biomolecule-Impregnated Nanocomposite With Spatiotemporal Control Over Release and Degradation Kinetic for Vascular Engineering." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19646.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Autologous vessels are the gold standard for small-diameter (<6 mm) vascular bypass; however, many patients lack suitable autologous tissues due to diseases or prior vein harvest. As an alternative, synthetic vascular grafts made from bioinert synthetic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are currently used in the medical field. The high long-term failure rate of these materials in the replacement of small vessels is known to be associated with the lack of proper signalling events by PTFE to vascular cells causing adverse hemodynamic, inflammatory or coagulatory conditions. Therefore, constant and pressing is the demand for a more biocompatible conduit with structure and function similar to native vessels. For this reason, bioresorbable scaffold constructs which can provide not only proper mechanical support, but also precise molecular cues, are desired (1). In particular, proper degradation kinetics and molecule release profiles are needed to facilitate remodeling and integration process in vivo over the time for long-term patency (2).
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Eildermann, K., M. Sigler, R. Scheidmann, B. Ditkowski, and R. Heying. "Defined Structural Features Can Favor Infective Endocarditis in Bovine Jugular Vein Valved Conduits." In The 54th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Pediatric Cardiology (DGPK). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743013.
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Bos, D., B. Cools, B. Eyskens, D. Boshoff, B. Meyns, F. Rega, T. Slysmans, D. Wolf, M. Gewillig, and R. Heying. "Infective Endocarditis in Stent-Mounted Bovine Jugular Vein Conduits: Clinical Experience and Evaluation of the Modified Duke Criteria." In 52nd Annual Meeting of the German Society for Pediatric Cardiology. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705531.
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