Дисертації з теми "Véhicules automatisés"
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Toulotte, Pierre-Frédéric. "Attelage virtuel pour véhicules automatisés." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112889.
Повний текст джерелаParmi les techniques de commande non linéaire envisageables, celles basées sur les modèles flous de type Takagi-Sugeno (TS) ont été retenues. Ils sont composés de modèles linéaires interconnectés par des fonctions scalaires non linéaires ayant la propriété de somme convexe.
L'étude de la stabilité et de la stabilisation de tels modèles se fait à l'aide de la seconde méthode de Lyapunov. Dans le souci d'adjoindre des notions de robustesses et/ou de performances, plusieurs solutions sont envisageables. Celle retenue dans ce mémoire fait appel à des modèles incertains et à un placement des pôles des modèles linéaires dans des régions convexes pré-spécifiées du plan complexe. Des conditions suffisantes sous forme d'inégalités matricielles linéaires qui permettent de garantir ces propriétés dans le cas général des modèles TS sont proposées. Elles sont ensuite aussi bien utilisées dans le cas d'une régulation d'inter-distance seule que pour l'attelage virtuel complet. Les résultats obtenus sont proposés en simulation et en temps réel sur un véhicule prototype spécialement instrumenté.
González, Bautista David. "Architecture fonctionnelle pour la planification des trajectoires des véhicules automatisés dans des environnements complexes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM002/document.
Повний текст джерелаDevelopments in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) field show promising results at increasing passengers comfort and safety, while decreasing energy consumption, emissions and travel time. In road transportation, the appearance of automated vehicles is significantly aiding drivers by reducing some driving-associated tedious tasks. However, there is still a long way to go before making the transition between automated vehicles (i.e. vehicles with some automated features) and autonomous vehicles on public roads (i.e. fully autonomous driving), specially from the motion planning point of view. With this in mind, the present PhD thesis proposes the design of a generic modular architecture for automated vehicles motion planning. It implements and improves curve interpolation techniques in the motion planning literature by including comfort as the main design parameter, addressing complex environments such as turns, intersections and roundabouts. It will be able to generate suitable trajectories that consider measurements' incertitude from the perception system, vehicle’s physical limits, the road layout and traffic rules. In case future collision states are detected, the proposed approach is able to change---in real-time---the current trajectory and avoid the obstacle in front. It permits to avoid obstacles in conflict with the current trajectory of the ego-vehicle, considering comfort limits and developing a new trajectory that keeps lateral accelerations at its minimum. The proposed approach is tested in simulated and real urban environments, including turns and two-lane roundabouts with different radii. Static and dynamic obstacles are considered as to face and interact with other road actors, avoiding collisions when detected. The functional architecture is also tested in shared control and arbitration applications, focusing in keeping the driver in the control loop to addition the system's supervision over drivers’ knowledge and skills in the driving task. The control sharing advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) is proposed in two steps: 1) risk assessment of the situation in hand, based on the optimal trajectory and driving boundaries identified by the motion planning architecture and; 2) control sharing via haptic signals sent to the driver through the steering wheel. The approach demonstrates the modularity of the functional architecture as it proposes a general solution for some of today's unsolved challenges in the automated driving field
Derbel, Oussama. "Modélisation microscopique et macroscopique du trafic : Impact des véhicules automatisés sur la sécurité du conducteur." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH4332/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy thesis can be summarized in three parts: The first part consists in studying the impact of the low speed automation on driver safety, traffic capacity, fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. As a first step, a pattern of mixed road traffic is established. This one is defined by the coexistence of two driving styles: the first one is the manual and the second one is the automated. Secondly, the scenarios and the associated indicators have been developed. In this context a traffic simulator was developed with the C programming language using the OpenGl library for the graphical interface. Results show that the increase of automated vehicles presence traffic safety increases in case of accidents scenarios as well as in the case of without accidents. Moreover, the impact of automated vehicles on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions only appears when it comes to long path. The second part of my thesis consists in improving the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) model, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) to represent the automated driving in traffic, to overcome its drawbacks. In this context, a new version is developed. The main idea is to take into account not only the state of the preceding vehicle but also the tail vehicle. This new model shows better performance in queue stabilization in terms of accelerations and velocities. The third part is devoted to the macroscopic traffic modeling in which we study the fundamental diagram. The new developed macroscopic model is based on microscopic data given by the Intelligent Driver Model simulation. Then, the traffic density and velocity were identified by non-linear regression. The new macroscopic velocity-density model has three advantages: Knowledge of the stable velocity and density within the first seconds of simulation by identifying. Ability to find existing models in the literature by setting some of its parameters. Calibration with a minimum of error for different traffic situations (eg congestion, free)
Dooze, David. "Conception et réalisation d'un stéréoscope bimodal à portée variable : application à la détection d'obstacles à l'avant de véhicules guidés automatisés." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-231.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDkhil, Hamdi. "Optimisation des systèmes de stockage de conteneurs dans les terminaux maritimes automatisés." Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0011/document.
Повний текст джерелаAIn our study, we consider two optimization problems in automated container terminals at import; the first is the vehicle scheduling problem; and the second is the integrated problem of location assignment and vehicle scheduling. In the first part of our study, we propose different traffic layout adapted to the two studied problems and to every kind of automated container terminal. We also introduce relevant reviews of literature treating the optimization of container handling systems at maritime terminal, the optimization of general automated guided vehicle system and the multi-objective optimization in general, and in particular context of maritime container terminals. In the second part, we resolve the planning of QC-AV-ASC (Quay Cranes-Automated Vehicles - Automated Stacking Cranes). We present an effective model for every kind of traffic layout. Moreover, we propose an efficient bi-objective model which is important to determine the optimal storage time and the minimal number of required AVs. CPLEX resolutions are used to prove the efficiency of our modelling approach. In the third part of this thesis, we explore a problem which has not been sufficiently studied: the integrated problem of location assignment and vehicle scheduling (IPLAVS), in Maritime Automated Container Terminal (MACT) at import. This part represents a new and realistic approach of MACT optimization considering mono-objective and multi-objective aspect
Grébonval, Cyrille. "Automatisation des véhicules et nouveaux habitacles : postures de confort et risques associés en cas de choc." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1328.
Повний текст джерелаConsiderable research and development efforts are currently focused on automated vehicles that could free drivers from driving tasks and allow them to perform new activities (e.g. working, sleeping). Such activities would benefit from new seating configurations. However, even if a high level of safety is expected for these future vehicles, accidents will continue to occur. Current protective devices are designed for a driving position. They may require modifications to maintain the current level of protection for new occupant positions. This thesis aims to identify the risks and opportunities in terms of occupant protection associated with new positions that could appear with automated vehicles. The analyses used digital human models for applied traffic safety which have proven to be a relevant risk assessment tool. Particular attention was paid to assessing the validity of the models after repositioning. The work provided a better understanding of the restraint mechanisms in reclined configurations during a frontal impact. These positions appear to be critical with a difficult restraint of the pelvis or loading of the lumbar spine depending on the seat angle. The occupant response was also significantly affected by the initial position of the pelvis. These results can be used to help design and evaluate new restraint systems. In order to better understand the comfortable position in these reclined configurations, an experimental study was carried out using a multi-adjustable seat. These experiments enabled, on the one hand, to identify the comfort seat configurations, and on the other hand to establish the relationships between these seat configurations and the position of the internal skeleton and in particular for the pelvis. These results can in particular help the positioning of occupants during physical or digital tests. Overall, this work shows the strong interaction between comfort and safety for the design of new passenger cars
Pottier, Géraldine. "Rôle de l’acceptabilité dans l’interaction entre un véhicule conventionnel et un véhicule automatisé." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20005.
Повний текст джерелаThe central theme of the thesis concerns the role of acceptability in the interaction between a conventional vehicle driven by a human and an automated vehicle. A meta-analysis synthesizing the determinants of the acceptability of a new technology is a first study. The results showed that acceptability was predicted by six factors: behavioural intention, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, social influence and feeling of control. A second study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the acceptability judgment on the difference in be-haviour stated by the driver of a conventional vehicle during interaction with an automated vehicle. The results showed that low acceptability is associated with cautious behaviour towards the automated vehicle. A third study, conducted on a driving simulator, showed that conventional vehicle drivers who have a high acceptability behave in the same way towards an automated vehicle and a conventional vehicle. To conclude, this thesis questions the role of the acceptability of a technologic device in the interaction with it
Oudainia, Mohamed Radjeb. "Contrôle partagé adaptatif et élaboration de stratégies de conduite personnalisées pour le véhicule automatisé : une approche par apprentissage progressif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0038.
Повний текст джерелаAutonomous driving technology is attracting increasing interest from automobile manufacturers, researchers, authorities, and the general public due to its promises in enhancing road safety, providing mobility for the elderly and individuals with reduced mobility, improving energy efficiency, and reducing emissions. However, the full deployment of these vehicles relies on their reliability in all situations, necessitating driver supervision. This raises critical questions about human-machine interaction, particularly concerning sharing control between the automated driving system and the driver, as well as conflict management.The thesis is part of the ANR-CoCoVeIA project (2019-2024), coordinated by LAMIH (Cooperation Driver-Autonomous Intelligent Vehicle). The main objective of this project is to introduce self-learning capabilities into level 2 autonomous vehicles to enhance their skills while adhering to road safety rules. The thesis focuses specifically on managing interactions between the automated system and the driver, with the goal of improving its effectiveness, enhancing driving performance, and promoting the driver's acceptance of the system.To achieve these goals, a multi-level evolutionary cooperation architecture is proposed in the first part of the thesis. This architecture aims to optimally adapt the behavior of the autonomous vehicle to a driver's preferred driving style while ensuring safe and efficient driving. The second part of the thesis delves into personalizing lane change assistance systems, using a stochastic gradient descent-based learning approach to adjust parameters based on the driver's preferences, relying on the detection of their lane change intentions.To address conflicts between the driver and the autonomous driving system, the thesis explores three robust optimal control approaches for linear time-varying parameter systems (LPV) represented in the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy form. The first approach focuses on adaptive shared control by real-time adjustment of a multi-objective cost function based on driver availability and risk assessment. The second approach introduces a driver's dynamic model, with parameters identified online, allowing continuous adaptation to the driver's characteristics. This model is used to develop an adaptive shared control system for lane-keeping, taking into account the neuromuscular dynamics of the driver's parameters. The final approach aims to entirely eliminate conflicts between the driver and the lane-keeping system by combining an adaptive cost function with a dynamic driver behavior model.For the design of the LPV shared controller, stability conditions for closed-loop adaptive shared control (LPV) for all three approaches are established using Lyapunov stability arguments and formulated as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization problem that can be numerically solved using convex optimization algorithms. Experimental validations and user testing experiments were conducted using the SHERPA-LAMIH dynamic driving simulator to assess the acceptability of these approaches, demonstrating their effectiveness in improving safety and driving comfort and validating all of the proposed approaches
Solano, Araque Edwin. "De l’ergonomie automobile à l’optimisation de la conduite automatisée. Application à l’écoconduite des véhicules électriques." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3059.
Повний текст джерелаIn the framework of this dissertation, we will focus on Eco-driving and, particularly on eco-maneuvers, taking into account constraints associated to infrastructure and traffic, as well as with drivability. Additionally, we will take inspiration on Cognitive Principles for the algorithm design; it will allow to reinforce algorithm’s effectiveness and modularity. Easiness of calibration will also be an important concern for our work. Our whole discussion focuses on Battery Electric Vehicles. However, the proposed principles may be adapted for their application for other types of powertrain.Our work treats three main topics: on one side, Driving Ergonomics, allowing to determine some criteria on drivability ; we will also propose a modelling of the driver allowing to take into account ergonomics considerations. Finally, we will assess our hypothesis with respect with driver behavior on real situations, by applying an innovative methodology for the analysis of actual driving records. Next we will focus on Energy Model of the vehicle and of driving maneuvers, as well as to the assessment of energy gain potential associated to several Eco-driving strategies; the origin of these gains is also studied. Finally, we propose a Control Algorithm allowing to execute driving eco-maneuvers, while taking into account drivability criteria. The global algorithm structure is based on cognitive principles presented earlier. These function consists of several subsystems, which improves its modularity, and enforces its potential to operate within real-time constraints, and simplifies calibrations ; these both are major advantages for an industrial application
Guo, Chunshi. "Conception des principes de coopération conducteur-véhicule pour les systèmes de conduite automatisée." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаGiven rapid advancement of automated driving (AD) technologies in recent years, major car makers promise the commercialization of AD vehicles within one decade from now. However, how the automation should interact with human drivers remains an open question. The objective of this thesis is to design, develop and evaluate interaction principles for AD systems that can cooperate with a human driver. Considering the complexity of such a human-machine system, this thesis begins with proposing two general cooperation principles and a hierarchical cooperative control architecture to lay a common basis for interaction and system design in the defined use cases. Since the proposed principles address a dynamic driving environment involving manually driven vehicles, the AD vehicle needs to understand it and to share its situational awareness with the driver for efficient cooperation. This thesis first proposes a representation formalism of the driving scene in the Frenet frame to facilitate the creation of the spatial awareness of the AD system. An adaptive vehicle longitudinal trajectory prediction method is also presented. Based on maneuver detection and jerk estimation, this method yields better prediction accuracy than the method based on constant acceleration assumption. As case studies, this thesis implements two cooperation principles for two use cases respectively. In the first use case of highway merging management, this thesis proposes a cooperative longitudinal control framework featuring an ad-hoc maneuver planning function and a model predictive control (MPC) based trajectory generation for transient maneuvers. This framework can automatically handle a merging vehicle, and at the mean time it offers the driver a possibility to change the intention of the system. In another use case concerning highway lane positioning and lane changing, a shared steering control problem is formulated in MPC framework. By adapting the weight on the stage cost and implementing dynamic constraints online, the MPC ensures seamless control transfer between the system and the driver while conveying potential hazards through haptic feedback. Both of the designed systems are evaluated through user tests on driving simulator. Finally, human factors issue and user’s perception on these new interaction paradigms are discussed
Lucas, François. "Des métaheuristiques pour le guidage d’un solveur de contraintes dédié à la planification automatisée de véhicules." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0027/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis, led in collaboration with Sagem Defence & Security, focuses on defining an efficient search strategy to solve vehicle path planning problems. This work addresses more precisely planning problems in which waypoints and "capacity" constraints (energy, radio bandwidth) are applied to vehicles.This document proposes an original approach, mixing an Ant Colony algorithm with an existing Constraint Programming solver. The former is used to fastly solve a relaxed version of the problem. The partial solution returned is then employed to guide the search of the latter, through a Probe Backtrack mechanism, towards the most promising areas of the state space. This approach allows to combine the metaheuristics solving fastness and the Constraint Programming completeness. We experimentally show that this approach meets the requirements for an on-line use of the planner
Lucas, François. "Des métaheuristiques pour le guidage d'un solveur de contraintes dédié à la planification automatisée de véhicules." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00820318.
Повний текст джерелаHallé, Yannick. "Amélioration des services de reconnaissance vocale automatisée pour les véhicules, par analyse et caractérisation du contexte d'utilisation." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S039.
Повний текст джерелаInterfaces based on speech recognition have recently become interesting as a way of improving the use of equipments inside a car. However, tuning such interfaces demands to take into account the special sound conditions in the passenger compartment. In this PhD, we focused on improving the robustness of a present speech recognition system due to be used in a very noisy passenger compartment. We focused on the tuning and use of an advanced denoising device based on harmonic regeneration (HRNR) We then looked at "specialised" models, adapted to a specific recording situation. Finally, the differences in decoding observed when using various models made us look at differences that can occur between decodings of the same words by three distinct microphones located at various places of the dashboard. A majority vote applied to decodings of recordings made by the three microphones allowed a sensible improvement of the error rate compared to the use of a single sound recording
Lawson-Guidigbe, Clarisse. "Assistant virtuel anthropomorphique pour la confiance dans la conduite automatisée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0189.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work was devoted to exploring the usage of two technologies that will eventually transform our daily lives: virtual assistants and autonomous cars.Virtual assistants already have an important place in our lives and are revolutionizing the way we interact with systems through voice interaction. With a simple sentence, a virtual assistant can get us information about the weather or play music. Autonomous cars, although not yet available to the public, hold the promise of improving driving comfort, reducing accidents, and improving traffic flow on the roads. However, the adoption of such technology requires trust from users. It seems that virtual assistants, by the very nature of their anthropomorphic interface, can play a role in this context. We therefore explore the potential of virtual assistants to increase trust in autonomous driving.The main questions addressed in this work concern, on one hand, the design choices for a virtual assistant so that it is perceived as anthropomorphic and trustworthy. On the other hand, we address the impact that such an interface can have on the perception of anthropomorphism and user trust when included in an autonomous car HMI. To answer these questions, we first chose the visual appearance of the assistant by evaluating the impact of different visual representations on the perception of anthropomorphism and trust. We chose a Mechanical-Human representation. Then, we implemented this representation in three dimensions and integrated the result in a driving simulator as a hologram. To evaluate the virtual assistant, we conducted an experiment which compared a baseline interface without virtual assistant with two interfaces integrating two versions of the virtual assistant. The results show that the perception of anthropomorphism does not increase with the level of anthropomorphism. A significant correlation confirms the impact of perceived anthropomorphism on trust. More surprising results concerning the influence of the virtual assistant on users’ performance or the impact of acquired experience on trust are discussed
Vorobieva, Hélène. "Conception et méthode de validation de lois de contrôle pour des systèmes de conduite automatisée du véhicule." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0054.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, in big cities, the parking spots have become narrow. Totally autonomous parking, with commercial constraints, would improve comfort and security of the driver. This work is about predictable generation of parking trajectories, without successive optimizations. Two geometric solutions based on arcs of circle have been developed. The first consist on placing the vehicle near the parking spot and going forward and backward until the vehicle is parked. The second is a generalized “inverse” method: the vehicle is supposed parked, the maneuvers to reach the real initial pose of the vehicle are found and produce the trajectory to inverse to perform the parking. The disadvantage of these methods is the steering at stop. To produce continuous-curvature trajectories, we have combined the simplicity of the geometric methods with continuous-curvature curves by using clothoids. Each arc of circle of the trajectory created by a geometric method is transformed into a sequence clothoid, optional arc of circle, clothoid. This method is not time consuming, predictable and allows a simple open-loop control for the longitudinal speed and the steering angle, in function of the travelled distance. Experiments on a prototype vehicle showed that the open-loop control is sufficient when few maneuvers are needed. We have also set up a regeneration method for the trajectory to guarantee a parking without danger even when deviations appear compared to the initial trajectory, when more maneuvers are needed. Finally, a global functional architecture with a supervisor has been described for the complete parking maneuver
Magnier, Valentin. "Fusion de données multi-capteurs pour l'estimation de la zone navigable pour le véhicule à conduite automatisée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE003/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PhD Thesis, we have developed a multi-sensors data-fusion architecture dedicated to the estimation of the free-space zone surrounding the vehicle. This system is modular according the sensors configuration of the vehicle. It provides to the customer applications a reliable representation of the road scene's actors that are perceived by the embedded sensors. It is also able to predict what the road scene will be in a few seconds.Meta information such as speed or type of object are provided to customer applications (in our case, the supervisor part of an autonomous vehicle).The proposed algorithm is able to work with various types of sensors (LiDAR, radar, ...) that can even run at different frequencies. It is based on a model of the road environment using two dedicated algorithms: one for the moving obstacles and another for the static scene
Sportillo, Daniele. "Préparation à la conduite automatisée en Réalité Mixte." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM017/document.
Повний текст джерелаDriving automation is an ongoing process that is radically changing how people travel and spend time in their cars during journeys. Conditionally automated vehicles free human drivers from the monitoring and supervision of the system and driving environment, allowing them to perform secondary activities during automated driving, but requiring them to resume the driving task if necessary. For the drivers, understanding the system’s capabilities and limits, recognizing the system’s notifications, and interacting with the vehicle in the appropriate way is crucial to ensuring their own safety and that of other road users. Because of the variety of unfamiliar driving situations that the driver may encounter, traditional handover and training programs may not be sufficient to ensure an effective understanding of the interaction between the human driver and the vehicle during transitions of control. Thus, there is the need to let drivers experience these situations before their first ride. In this context, Mixed Reality provides potentially valuable learning and skill assessment tools which would allow drivers to familiarize themselves with the automated vehicle and interact with the novel equipment involved in a risk-free environment. If until a few years ago these platforms were destined to a niche audience, the democratization and the large-scale spread of immersive devices since then has made their adoption more accessible in terms of cost, ease of implementation, and setup. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the role of Mixed Reality in the acquisition of competences needed for a driver’s interaction with a conditionally automated vehicle. In particular, we explored the role of immersion along the Mixed Reality continuum by investigating different combinations of visualization and manipulation spaces and the correspondence between the virtual and the real world. For industrial constraints, we restricted the possible candidates to light systems that are portable, cost-effective and accessible; we thus analyzed the impact of the sensorimotor incoherences that these systems may cause on the execution of tasks in the virtual environment. Starting from these analyses, we designed a training program aimed at the acquisition of skills, rules and knowledge necessary to operate a conditionally automated vehicle. In addition, we proposed simulated road scenarios with increasing complexity to suggest what it feels like to be a driver at this level of automation in different driving situations. Experimental user studies were conducted in order to determine the impact of immersion on learning and the pertinence of the designed training program and, on a larger scale, to validate the effectiveness of the entire training platform with self-reported and objective measures. Furthermore, the transfer of skills from the training environment to the real situation was assessed with test drives using both high-end driving simulators and actual vehicles on public roads
Lacerte, Marc-Olivier. "Conception d’une transmission manuelle automatisée sans interruption de couple, employant un embrayage de transfert à courants de Foucault, pour véhicules électriques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11527.
Повний текст джерелаNasser, Habib. "Systèmes mécatroniques à base d’observateurs embarqués pour la surveillance et le pilotage de Systèmes Automatisés à Structures Variables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4326.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the modeling, simulation and control of mechatronic systems. Symbolic computation software Maple was used to generate several models with different targets for diagnosis purposes, monitoring and driver assistance. These models based both on robotic and energetic approaches, highlight the properties and characteristics of the vehicle dynamics according to the trajectory and allow to achieve Fault , Detection and Isolation (FDI) development. This initial work led to mechatronics and energy analysis applied to All Terrain Vehicles (ATV). A dynamic spiting of the studied vehicle in several functional blocks was carried out. The evolution of the coupling terms was studied and defining a global energetic sub-division for the whole system. Within the framework of the ANR project, a 16 degrees of freedom (DOF) dynamic model was developed for a farm grape harvester (G7) and for C5 car. Dynamic parameters Identification using real data in driving simulation environment proposed by Oktal (SCANeR Studio). Regarding the robust observers development, the sliding mode theory was applied. The road profiles (slope, tilt,drift) are estimated with observers. The criterion of rollover has been tested on the dynamics of a Citroen C5 car and on the G7.240.In order to have an experimental demonstrator a device using the new Arduino technology containing a set of sensors has been developed. In a last part, the dynamic behaviour of an electric kart with the field-oriented control (FOC) of its electrical engine are given. With Matlab/Simulink software and Bond Graph, a simulator of the electrical Kart has been developed
Zhang, Hongchang. "Ordonnancement cyclique robuste appliqué à la gestion des conteneurs dans les ports maritimes de taille moyenne." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis is dedicated to propose a robust cyclic scheduling methodology applied to container management of medium sized seaport which faces ever changing terminal conditions and the limited predictability of future events and their timing. The robust cyclic scheduling can be seen not just a predictable scheduling to compute a container transportation schedule, but also a reactive scheduling to eliminate the disturbances in real time. In this work, the automated intelligent vehicles (AIV) are used to transport the containers, and the P-time strongly connected event graph (PTSCEG) is used as a graphical tool to model the container transit procedures. Before the arrival of the container vessel, a cyclic container transit schedule can be given by the mixed integer programming (MIP) method in short time. The robustness margins on the nodes of the system can be computed by robustness algorithms in polynomial computing time. After the stevedoring begins, this robust cyclic schedule is used. When a disturbance is observed in system, it should be compared with the known robustness margin. If the disturbance belongs to the robustness margin, the robustness algorithm is used to eliminate the disturbance in a few cycle times. If not, the MIP method is used to compute a new cyclic schedule in short time
Pouliot, Gabriel. "Conception d’un embrayage de dérivation du couple à courants de Foucault pour les transmissions manuelles automatisées sans interruption de couple dans les véhicules à motorisation électrique ou hybride." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11617.
Повний текст джерелаMontoya, Torres Jairo Rafael. "Transport automatisé dans les systèmes de fabrication de semi-conducteurs : nouvelles approches de gestion tactique et opérationnelle." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793340.
Повний текст джерелаPolack, Philip. "Cohérence et stabilité des systèmes hiérarchiques de planification et de contrôle pour la conduite automatisée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM025/document.
Повний текст джерелаAutonomous vehicles are believed to reduce the number of deaths and casualties on the roads while improving the traffic efficiency. However, before their mass deployment on open public roads, their safety must be guaranteed at all time.Therefore, this thesis deals with the motion planning and control architecture for autonomous vehicles and claims that the intention of the vehicle must match with its actual actions. For that purpose, the kinematic and dynamic feasibility of the reference trajectory should be ensured. Otherwise, the controller which is blind to obstacles is unable to track it, setting the ego-vehicle and other traffic participants in jeopardy. The proposed architecture uses Model Predictive Control based on a kinematic bicycle model for planning safe reference trajectories. Its feasibility is ensured by adding a dynamic constraint on the steering angle which has been derived in this work in order to ensure the validity of the kinematic bicycle model. Several high-frequency controllers are then compared and their assets and drawbacks are highlighted. Finally, some preliminary work on model-free controllers and their application to automotive control are presented. In particular, an efficient tuning method is proposed and implemented successfully on the experimental vehicle of ENSIAME in collaboration with the laboratory LAMIH of Valenciennes
Soualmi, Boussaad. "Coopération Homme Machine pour la conduite automatisée : une approche par partage haptique du contrôle." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in the thesis is part of the research partnership project ANRABV 2009 which aims is to design an automated low-speed driving. It describes and analyzes the principles of shared control of a motor vehicle between a human driver and an electronic copilot (E-copilot). The objective is to establish effective human-machine cooperation between the driver and E-copilot. One issue is particular to allow the driver to interact with the E-copilot continuously in order to perform maneuvers he wants without requiring deactivation neither constrained by E-copilot. This issue addresses the need for consideration of driver actions taken to remedy those of E-copilot for example avoiding undetected obstacle by the system while ensuring operator comfort and the driver situation awareness. The driver and E-co-pilot acting simultaneously on the steering system, everyone must be aware of the actions of the other: twoway communication is essential. To achieve this goal, we used the haptic interactions through the steering system of the vehicle. The torque applied by the driver on the steering wheel is used by the E-copilot to take into account these actions as the torque produced by the E-copilot is felt by the driver and used to understand the system’s behavior. Other key issues for the Human-Machine Cooperation were also discussed: the study of changes in modes of operation of the system and HMI via which the driver interact with the system
Lefebvre, Mickael. "Gestion automatisée de l’énergie d’un avion de transport civil : application aux phases de descente et d’approche." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0016.
Повний текст джерелаThe first year of thesis allowed to foreground two aspects of the energy management issue,namely the short term control and the long term control, respectively. The first issue was studied during the second year and ended with the proposition of a solution mixing both the airbrakes and engines. The second and last issue started with a preliminary study which consisted of computing an optimal slat/flap command sequence bringing the aircraft to theright energy level in approach while minimizing the use of engines and airbrakes. Then, this study was extended in order to take into account the regulation of engines and airbrakes aswell as vertical trajectory modification. Finally, this optimization-based solution has been integrated within an accurate real-time desktop simulator, tested with a human-machine interface, and then presented to flight test pilots for validation
Beaucorps, Pierre de. "Planification de trajectoire dans un environnement peu contraint et fortement dynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS082.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studies the trajectory planning of an automated vehicle surrounded by fast moving obstacles in an unconstrained environment (i.e. with no clear lane markings). Two main approaches are proposed: compute a speed profile on a given path, or find a valid path starting from a hypothesis on the speed of the vehicle. The first approach consists of a dynamic adaptation of the speed of an automated vehicle driving in a semi-constrained environment and in the presence of other vehicles. A set of speed profile references is used. They must be compatible with the dynamics of the vehicle and also comfortable for the passengers. Quantitative validations have been conducted in simulation together with qualitative validations on an automated vehicle, which demonstrate the benefits of this planning strategy. In the second approach, the « Reachable Interaction Sets » (RIS) are introduced as a new framework that allows to plan the trajectory of a vehicle surrounded by dynamic obstacles which move faster. The approach removes the temporal aspect of the problem by using a hypothesis about the speed of the vehicle. The remaining problem can be solved out by a static path finding algorithm. Quantitative validations show the advantage of planning approachs based on this framework compared to other state-of-the-art planning strategies
Moura, Martins Gomes Nelson de. "Governing Automated Vehicle Behavior." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS169.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFrom a societal point of view, autonomous vehicles (AV) can bring many benefits, such as an increase of road safety and a decrease of congestion. However, due to the highly dynamic environments these vehicles an encounter, technical concerns about their feasibility and ethical concerns about their actions’ deliberation, explainability and consequences seems to damper the enthusiasm and optimism that once ruled the automotive sector and the public opinion. This thesis addresses the core questions surrounding autonomous vehicles today: how they should account the road users sharing the same environment in its decision making and also how they should deliberate to act in dilemma situations. Firstly, a decision-making process for the autonomous vehicle under general situations is proposed, and then, as a particular situation, the deliberation under certain collision, with other vehicles, pedestrians or static objects, is treated. Then, to relax the assumption that the behavior of the other road users does not change during the execution of a policy, used to implement the decision making, the intent of each one of them are estimated comparing the prediction made by a Kalman filter and the real-time observation. To account the interaction between road users an incomplete game model is proposed, using the intent probabilities calculated beforehand, finally producing a coherent estimate of the evolution of the other road users
Qian, Xiangjun. "Commande prédictive pour conduite autonome et coopérative." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM037/document.
Повний текст джерелаAutonomous driving has been gaining more and more attention in the last decades, thanks to its positive social-economic impacts including the enhancement of traffic efficiency and the reduction of road accidents. A number of research institutes and companies have tested autonomous vehicles in traffic, accumulating tens of millions of kilometers traveled in autonomous driving. With the vision of massive deployment of autonomous vehicles, researchers have also started to envision cooperative strategies among autonomous vehicles. This thesis deals with the control architecture design of individual autonomous vehicles and cooperative autonomous vehicles. Model Predictive Control (MPC), thanks to its efficiency and versatility, is chosen as the building block for various control architectures proposed in this thesis. In more detail, this thesis first presents a classical hierarchical control architecture for individual vehicle control that decomposes the controller into a motion planner and a tracking controller, both using nonlinear MPC. In a second step, we analyze the inability of the proposed planner in handling logical constraints raised from traffic rules and multiple maneuver variants, and propose a hybrid MPC based motion planner that solves this issue. We then consider the convoy control problem of autonomous vehicles in which multiple vehicles maintain a formation during autonomous driving. A hierarchical formation control architecture is proposed composing of a convoy supervisor and local MPC based vehicle controllers. Finally, we consider the problem of coordinating a group of autonomous vehicles at an intersection without traffic lights. A hierarchical architecture composed of an intersection controller and multiple local vehicle controllers is proposed to allow vehicles to cross the intersection smoothly and safely
Petti, Stéphane Renaud. "Navigation sûre en environnement dynamique : une approche par planification de mouvement partiel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003661.
Повний текст джерелаGirault, Alain. "Contributions à la conception sûre des systèmes embarqués sûrs." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177048.
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