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Статті в журналах з теми "Vehicular Application"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Gu, Fan, Xiaoying Yang, Xianwei Li, and Haiquan Deng. "Computational Resources Allocation and Vehicular Application Offloading in VEC Networks." Electronics 11, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142130.

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With the advances in wireless communications and the Internet of Things (IoT), various vehicular applications such as image-aided navigation and autonomous driving are emerging. These vehicular applications require a significant number of computation resources and a lower processing delay. However, these resource-limited and power-constrained vehicles may not meet the requirements of processing these vehicular applications. By offloading these vehicular applications to the edge cloud, vehicular edge computing (VEC) is deemed a novel paradigm for improving vehicular performance. However, how to optimize the allocation of computation resources of both vehicles and VEC servers to reduce the energy and delay is a challenging issue when deploying the VEC systems. In this article, we try to address this issue and propose a vehicular application offloading and computational resources allocation strategy. We formulate an optimization problem and present an efficient offloading scheme for vehicular applications. Extensive simulation results are offered to analyze the performances of the proposed scheme. In comparison with the benchmark schemes, the proposed scheme can outperform them in terms of computation cost.

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2

LIU, Xiao-yang, and Min-you WU. "Vehicular CPS: an application of IoT in vehicular networks." Journal of Computer Applications 32, no. 4 (April 7, 2013): 900–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2012.00900.

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3

Peng, Chunrong, Celimuge Wu, Liming Gao, Jiefang Zhang, Kok-Lim Alvin Yau, and Yusheng Ji. "Blockchain for Vehicular Internet of Things: Recent Advances and Open Issues." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 5079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185079.

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The vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) comprises enabling technologies for a large number of important applications including collaborative autonomous driving and advanced transportation systems. Due to the mobility of vehicles, strict application requirements, and limited communication resources, the conventional centralized control fails to provide sufficient quality of service for connected vehicles, so a decentralized approach is required in the vicinity to satisfy the requirements of delay-sensitive and mission-critical applications. A decentralized system is also more resistant to the single point of failure problem and malicious attacks. Blockchain technology has been attracting great interest due to its capability of achieving a decentralized, transparent, and tamper-resistant system. There are many studies focusing on the use of blockchain in managing data and transactions in vehicular environments. However, the application of blockchain in vehicular environments also faces some technical challenges. In this paper, we first explain the fundamentals of blockchain and vehicular IoT. Then, we conduct a literature review on the existing research efforts of the blockchain for vehicular IoT by discussing the research problems and technical issues. After that, we point out some future research issues considering the characteristics of both blockchain and vehicular IoT.

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4

Yu, Xiao You, and Ming Qian Zhou. "A DOA Estimation Algorithm in OFDM Radar-Communication System for Vehicular Application." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1853.

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According to IEEE Std 802.11p, a fast DOA estimation algorithm of multiple targets based on beam-forming techniques in OFDM radar-communication system for vehicular applications is discussed in this paper. The proposed algorithm has reduced computational complexity utilizing high order power of the inverse spatial covariance matrix without eigen-decomposition. Simulation results demonstrate it is suitable for vehicular application.

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5

Guerrero-Ibáñez, J. A., and J. Contreras-Castillo. "Vehicular Communication Network Environments." International Journal of Vehicular Telematics and Infotainment Systems 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvtis.2017070103.

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Modern society is facing serious problems with the transportation systems given the increase in traffic jams, accidents, fatalities and CO2 emissions. Thus, improving the safety and efficiency of transportation systems is imperative. Developing a sustainable transportation system requires a better usage of the existing infrastructure, the adoption of emerging technologies (e.g. embedded devices, sensors and short-range radio transmitters) and the development of applications capable of operating in wireless and spontaneous networks. In this paper, the authors give readers a global vision of the challenges and issues related to the development of applications for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). It also presents a classification of applications and an overview of the top-level application domain. In addition, it investigates the importance of information in vehicular networks and analyses the requirements for different types of vehicular applications placing them in a table which summarized the findings. Finally, the communication schemes that underpin the operation of VANET applications as well as the security threats they are exposed to are studied.

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6

Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah, Sumendra Yogarayan, Noor Hisham Kamis, Mohd Fikri Azli Abdullah, and Ibrahim Yusof. "Application and growth of long-range communications technology in vehicular communications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 3484. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp3484-3497.

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<p><span lang="EN-US">Long range communications technology (LoRa) has been widely used in a variety of applications and researched in different domains to exploit its full potential. Its openness makes it ideal for a variety of internet of things (IoT) installations which further allows opportunities for viable solutions in vehicular communications. Hence, a bibliometric analysis was performed to distinguish the application and growth of the technology specifically in vehicular communications. The scoping review processes from Arksey and O’Malley was applied to guide the review process. The selected scholarly works adhered to the PRISMA-Sc framework where 385 articles from two main electronic databases, i.e., Scopus and Science Direct which discussed LoRa in vehicular communications contexts were assessed. This study aims to: i) examine how LoRa’s research has grown from year 2010 to 2021 among the scholars; ii) determine key areas discussed in LoRa’s vehicular communications research. Findings from 70 studies in the final analysis indicated that LoRa has been widely studied based on application, theoretical or protocol and performance. However, it has not been widely explored in vehicular context. Hence, our findings support the global research community in this context.</span></p>

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7

Xavier, Stephen Danny Leo. "Vehicular Safety Model: A Phase-Wise Vehicular Catastrophe Prevention Model." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45734.

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Abstract: Driver drowsiness is one of the major causes of road accidents. Furthermore the existing technologies to detect drowsiness in a driver lack in terms of classifying the stages of drowsiness in a driver, which fails to prevent drowsiness at its initial stages. The Proposed system detects drowsiness in a driver through stage-wise classification. Hence drowsiness is detected in three stages. On stage one, the system rings a vocal alert to the driver. On Stage two, the system sounds an alert and on stage three, the system sends a whats app message, an email to the given emergency email-id and the location of the driver to the supporting android application. The system also consists of theft prevention system, where when activated the system performs facial recognition on the driver. If the driver is a registered driver, the system continues to monitor, else the system sends a notification to the driver on the supporting mobile application.

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8

Singh, Meeta. "MOBILE APPLICATION FOR VEHICULAR AUTO LOCKING SYSTEM." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 8, no. 7 (August 20, 2017): 857–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v8i7.4506.

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9

Alsath, M. Gulam Nabi, and Malathi Kanagasabai. "Planar Pentaband Antenna for Vehicular Communication Application." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13 (2014): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2295631.

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10

Tsugawa, Sadayuki, and Shin Kato. "Energy ITS: another application of vehicular communications." IEEE Communications Magazine 48, no. 11 (November 2010): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2010.5621978.

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11

Ansari, Shuja, Marvin Sánchez, Tuleen Boutaleb, Sinan Sinanovic, Carlos Gamio, and Ioannis Krikidis. "SAI: Safety Application Identifier Algorithm at MAC Layer for Vehicular Safety Message Dissemination Over LTE VANET Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (February 27, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6576287.

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Vehicular safety applications have much significance in preventing road accidents and fatalities. Among others, cellular networks have been under investigation for the procurement of these applications subject to stringent requirements for latency, transmission parameters, and successful delivery of messages. Earlier contributions have studied utilization of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) under single cell, Friis radio, or simplified higher layer. In this paper, we study the utilization of LTE under multicell and multipath fading environment and introduce the use of adaptive awareness range. Then, we propose an algorithm that uses the concept of quality of service (QoS) class identifiers (QCIs) along with dynamic adaptive awareness range. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of background traffic on the proposed algorithm. Finally, we utilize medium access control (MAC) layer elements in order to fulfill vehicular application requirements through extensive system-level simulations. The results show that, by using an awareness range of up to 250 m, the LTE system is capable of fulfilling the safety application requirements for up to 10 beacons/s with 150 vehicles in an area of 2 × 2 km2. The urban vehicular radio environment has a significant impact and decreases the probability for end-to-end delay to be ≤100 ms from 93%–97% to 76%–78% compared to the Friis radio environment. The proposed algorithm reduces the amount of vehicular application traffic from 21 Mbps to 13 Mbps, while improving the probability of end-to-end delay being ≤100 ms by 20%. Lastly, use of MAC layer control elements brings the processing of messages towards the edge of network increasing capacity of the system by about 50%.

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12

Ghafoor, Huma, and Insoo Koo. "An Integrated Cognitive Radio Network for Coastal Smart Cities." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 3557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173557.

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The integration of different networks has attracted significant attention in academia. Both terrestrial and maritime communications systems have been attracting keen interest for ways to deal with various applications. As the environment of cognitive vehicular and maritime networks is extremely dynamic, these networks suffer with a long delay because of intermittent links while providing services for different applications. To this end, here we introduce the integration of cognitive vehicular and maritime networks to design a coastal smart city by utilizing software-defined networking, network function virtualization, and fog computing under the same infrastructure. This novel integrated cognitive coastal city fulfills the demand of each application user in a hybrid environment with a quicker response time. The idea is to combine vehicular and maritime communications to meet different user demands. Different virtual networks are launched by network function virtualization, and are managed and controlled by a software-defined networking controller. From the integration of software-defined networking, network function virtualization, and fog computing, both vehicular and marine users are provided with stable paths to meet each application’s demands.

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13

Al Sakka, Mustapha, Thomas Geury, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Miguel Dhaens, Monzer Al Sakka, and Omar Hegazy. "Review of Fault Tolerant Multi-Motor Drive Topologies for Automotive Applications." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155529.

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With vehicle electrification and employment of X-by-wire technology, mechanical systems are being replaced by motor drives which improve the efficiency and performance of vehicular systems. However, motor drives have a lower power density and reliability compared to mechanical solutions. Multi-motor drives have the potential of mitigating both these drawbacks. In this paper, a state-of-the-art review of multi-motor drives and their application to vehicular systems is carried out. Firstly, the case of multi-motor systems in automotive applications is laid out by presenting the different vehicular systems comprising multiple motors. Secondly, multi-motor drive topologies with improved power density, reliability and fault tolerance capabilities are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the topologies are assessed and compared in the context of automotive applications. The assessment verifies that multi-motor drives allow for fault tolerant and cost-effective solutions that are suitable for automotive applications.

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14

Arena, Fabio, and Giovanni Pau. "An Overview of Vehicular Communications." Future Internet 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11020027.

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The transport sector is commonly subordinate to several issues, such as traffic congestion and accidents. Despite this, in recent years, it is also evolving with regard to cooperation between vehicles. The fundamental objective of this trend is to increase road safety, attempting to anticipate the circumstances of potential danger. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies strive to give communication models that can be employed by vehicles in different application contexts. The resulting infrastructure is an ad-hoc mesh network whose nodes are not only vehicles but also all mobile devices equipped with wireless modules. The interaction between the multiple connected entities consists of information exchange through the adoption of suitable communication protocols. The main aim of the review carried out in this paper is to examine and assess the most relevant systems, applications, and communication protocols that will distinguish the future road infrastructures used by vehicles. The results of the investigation reveal the real benefits that technological cooperation can involve in road safety.

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15

Al-Qaraghuli, Mohammed, Saadaldeen Ahmed, and Muhammad Ilyas. "Encrypted Vehicular Communication Using Wireless Controller Area Network." 3D SCEEER Conference sceeer, no. 3d (July 1, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.sceeer.3rd.3.

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In this paper, we focus on ensuring encrypted vehicular communication using wireless controller area network performance at high node densities, by means of Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) algorithms. We analyses the effect of the vehicular communication parameters, message-rate, data-rate, transmission power and carrier sensing threshold, on the application performance. After a state-of-the-art analysis, we propose a data-rate DSRC algorithm. Simulation studies show that DSRC performs better than other decentralized vehicular communication algorithms for a wide range of application requirements and densities. Vehicular communication plays one of the most important roles for future autonomous vehicle. We have systematically investigated the impact of vehicular communication using the MATLAB© application platform and achieved an accuracy of 93.74% after encrypting all the communications between the vehicles and securing them by applying the encryption on V2V communication in comparison with the existing system of Sensor Networks which stands at 92.97%. The transmission time for the encryption is 165 seconds while the rate of encryption is as low as 120 Mbps for the proposed awareness range of vehicles to vehicle using DSRC algorithm in Wireless-Controller Area Network for communication. Experimental results show that our proposed method performs 3% better than the recently developed algorithms.

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16

Sato, Kenya, Takahiro Koita, and Akira Fukuda. "Broadcasted Location-Aware Data Cache for Vehicular Application." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2007 (2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/29391.

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17

Sato, Kenya, Takahiro Koita, and Akira Fukuda. "Broadcasted Location-Aware Data Cache for Vehicular Application." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2007, no. 1 (2007): 029391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-3963-2007-029391.

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18

Liu, Fangqi, Yanheng Liu, Jian Wang, Weiwen Deng, and Shaoqing Xu. "ADMB: Application-driven multihop broadcast for vehicular networks." International Journal of Communication Systems 30, no. 15 (March 6, 2017): e3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.3306.

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19

Ren, Yingying, Anfeng Liu, Ming Zhao, Changqin Huang, and Tian Wang. "Quality Utilization Aware Based Data Gathering for Vehicular Communication Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6353714.

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Анотація:

The vehicular communication networks, which can employ mobile, intelligent sensing devices with participatory sensing to gather data, could be an efficient and economical way to build various applications based on big data. However, high quality data gathering for vehicular communication networks which is urgently needed faces a lot of challenges. So, in this paper, a fine-grained data collection framework is proposed to cope with these new challenges. Different from classical data gathering which concentrates on how to collect enough data to satisfy the requirements of applications, a Quality Utilization Aware Data Gathering (QUADG) scheme is proposed for vehicular communication networks to collect the most appropriate data and to best satisfy the multidimensional requirements (mainly including data gathering quantity, quality, and cost) of application. In QUADG scheme, the data sensing is fine-grained in which the data gathering time and data gathering area are divided into very fine granularity. A metric named “Quality Utilization” (QU) is to quantify the ratio of quality of the collected sensing data to the cost of the system. Three data collection algorithms are proposed. The first algorithm is to ensure that the application which has obtained the specified quantity of sensing data can minimize the cost and maximize data quality by maximizing QU. The second algorithm is to ensure that the application which has obtained two requests of application (the quantity and quality of data collection, or the quantity and cost of data collection) could maximize the QU. The third algorithm is to ensure that the application which aims to satisfy the requirements of quantity, quality, and cost of collected data simultaneously could maximize the QU. Finally, we compare our proposed scheme with the existing schemes via extensive simulations which well justify the effectiveness of our scheme.

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20

Zhang, Guo Hui, and Jian Fang Sun. "Design and Development of Vehicular Monitoring System for Passenger Car Based on Protocol SAE J1939." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1305.

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In this paper the system architecture of the vehicular monitoring system based on high speed CAN bus and low speed CAN Bus and SAE J1939 so as to share information between different ECUs (Electronic Control Units) has been designed. Using Visual C++ 6.0, vehicular monitoring software platform has been developed to realize vehicular runtime parameters monitoring, device controllers monitoring and malfunction monitoring. Also a case study has been given, and the results of the system application are reasonable.

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21

Seok, Kwang-Ho, and Yoon Sang Kim. "An In-Vehicle Application Providing System Based on Driver’s Biodata." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/659490.

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The recent technologies for vehicular networks including wireless communication have allowed vehicles to provide biosensor based various applications to a driver. This paper proposes a system to provide a driver with the application which the driver wants in a vehicle using driver’s biodata. The proposed system is composed of four components including a sensing unit, an inference unit, an application providing unit, and vehicular network unit. In this paper, the experiments were performed for correlation investigation between the number of biodata and the reliability of driver’s characteristics extraction. We found that the number of the data used had a significant influence on improving the driver’s satisfaction level, playing an important role in reflecting driver’s status. Experiments using actual vehicles are conducted to examine the effectiveness of the proposed system, and the results are analyzed and discussed. The results on the investigation of detection of biodata in gasoline and diesel vehicles by the experiments are also given. We confirmed that the proposed sensing method was capable of accurate detection irrespective of vehicle mode and vehicle type.

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22

Jiang, Shang, and Yuan Wang. "Optimization of TSPWM for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Vehicular Electric Drive System." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13010005.

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Common-mode voltage can be reduced effectively by optimized modulation methods without increasing additional costs. However, the existing methods cannot satisfy the requirements of the vehicular electric-drive application. This paper optimizes the tri-state voltage modulation method to reduce the common-mode voltage for vehicular electric drive system applications. Firstly, the discontinuous switching issue during sector transition is analyzed. Under the limit of two switching times in one period, multiple alignments combination is proposed to address that issue. Secondly, the zero-voltage time intervals in different modulation ranges are explored. This paper proposes an unsymmetric translation method to reconstruct the voltage vector, and then the minimum zero-voltage time interval is controlled to enough value for safe switching. Finally, the proposed methods have been validated through experiments on a vehicular electric drive system. The results show that the common-mode voltage can be reduced effectively in the whole range with the optimized tri-state voltage modulation method.

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23

Miladić, Suzana D., Goran Z. Marković, and Mirjana D. Stojanović. "Cognitive radio application for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETS)." Tehnika 71, no. 2 (2016): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1602273m.

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24

Sreelakshmi, K., Pronami Bora, Mona Mudaliar, Yuvraj Baburao Dhanade, and B. T.P Madhav. "Linear array Yagi-Uda 5G antenna for vehicular application." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10158.

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A two element 2X2 linear array Yagi antenna which is meant to operate at frequency of 3.5GHz which can be used for low band 5G as well as for WIMAX is presented in this paper. This array consists of two radiating elements of eight parasitic elements each with overall dimensions of 110×60×1.6mm3. The proposed antenna was built on Rogers Duroid substrate. It exhibits a good bandwidth (impedance bandwidth of single antenna element about 600Mhz.for S11 less than-10dB at the center frequency of 3.5 GHz) and gain of 10.5dB. The idea behind this paper is to attain good gain along with bandwidth which can be utilized for vehicular applications.

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25

Costa-Montenegro, Enrique, Francisco Quinoy-Garcia, Francisco Gonzalez-castano, and Felipe Gil-Castineira. "Vehicular Entertainment Systems: Mobile Application Enhancement in Networked Infrastructures." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 7, no. 3 (September 2012): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2012.2203690.

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26

Kyungjin Oh, Bongjun Kim, and Jaehoon Choi. "Novel integrated GPS/RKES/PCS antenna for vehicular application." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 15, no. 4 (April 2005): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2005.845722.

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27

Tornell, Sergio M., Carlos T. Calafate, Juan-Carlos Cano, and Pietro Manzoni. "DTN Protocols for Vehicular Networks: An Application Oriented Overview." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 17, no. 2 (2015): 868–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2014.2375340.

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28

Elias, Shamsul Jamel, Shahirah Mohamed Hatim, Mohamad Yusof Darus, Shapina Abdullah, Jamaluddin Jasmis, R. Badlishah Ahmad, and Adam Wong Yoon Khang. "Congestion control in vehicular adhoc network: a survey." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1280-1285.

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Анотація:

Vehicular adhoc network (VANET) has a significant potential in reducing traffic congestion to provide a stress-free and safer platform for road drivers to travel on the road. However, the current VANET is vulnerable to several challenges which need to be overcome. Congestion control is considered as one of the main challenges in VANET due to the high dynamic topology characteristic. Reliable congestion control (CC) are necessary to provide effectient dissemination of time-critical safety messages in VANET applications; safety and non-safety applications. In this paper, we present the overview on VANET, its application and challenges. We also discuss on the congestion control and provide a brief survey on the congestion control algorithms such as vehicular cloud computing, multiplicative rate decreasing algorithm, multi-objective Tabu search, D-FPAV algorithm and beaconing strategies which have been proposed in order to provide better solutions towards achieving a successful Smart Tranporation System.

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29

Wang, Longhe, Bo Ai, Jingya Yang, Hao Qiu, Wanqiao Wang, and Ke Guan. "Vehicular Channel in Urban Environments at 23 GHz for Flexible Access Common Spectrum Application." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (September 12, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5425703.

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With the development of the vehicular network, new radio technologies have been in the spotlight for maximizing the utilization of the limited radio spectrum resource while accommodating the increasing amount of services and applications in the wireless mobile networks. New spectrum policies based on dynamic spectrum access technology such as flexible access common spectrum (FACS) have been adopted by the Korea Communications Commission (KCC). 23 GHz bands have been allocated to FACS bands by the KCC, which is expected extensively for vehicular communications. The comprehensive knowledge on the radio channel is essential to effectively support the design, simulation, and development of such radio technologies. In this paper, the characteristics of 23 GHz vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) channels are simulated and extracted for the urban environment in Seoul. The path loss, shadow factor, Ricean K-factor, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, and angular spreads are characterized from the calibrated ray-tracing simulation results, and it can help researchers have a better understanding of the propagation channel for designing vehicular radio technologies and a communication system in a similar environment.

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30

Agarwal, Dhruv, Srishti Agarwal, Vidur Singh, Rohita Kochupillai, Rosemary Pierce-Messick, Srinivasan Iyengar, and Mohit Jain. "Understanding Driver-Passenger Interactions in Vehicular Crowdsensing." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479869.

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Smart city projects collect data on urban environments to identify problems, inform policymaking, and boost citizen engagement. Typically, this data is collected by static sensors placed around the city, which is not ideal for spatiotemporal needs of certain sensing applications such as air quality monitoring. Vehicular crowdsensing is an upcoming approach that addresses this problem by utilizing vehicles' mobility to collect fine-grained city-scale data. Prior work has mainly focused on designing vehicular crowdsensing systems and related components, including incentive schemes, vehicle selection, and application-specific sensing, without understanding the motivations and challenges faced by drivers and passengers, one of the two key stakeholders of any vehicular crowdsensing solution. Our work aims to fill this gap. To understand drivers' and passengers' perspectives, we developed Turn2Earn, a generic vehicular crowdsensing system that incentivizes drivers to take specific routes for data collection. Turn2Earn system was deployed with 13 auto-rickshaw drivers for two weeks in Bangalore, India. Our drivers took 709 trips using Turn2Earn covering 79.2% of the city's grid cells. Interviews with 13 drivers and 15 passengers revealed innovative information-based strategies adopted by the drivers to convince passengers in taking alternative routes, and passengers' altruism in supporting the drivers. We uncovered novel insights, including viability of offered routes due to road closure, issues with electric vehicles, and selection bias among the drivers. We conclude with design recommendations to inform the future of vehicular crowdsensing, including engaging and incentivizing passengers, and criticality-based reward structure.

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31

Haider, Shahab, Ziaul Haq Abbas, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Waqas, Shanshan Tu, and Wei Zhao. "A Novel Cross-Layer V2V Architecture for Direction-Aware Cooperative Collision Avoidance." Electronics 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071112.

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The death toll due to highway crashes is increasing at an alarming rate across the globe. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have emerged as a promising solution to prevent crashes by enabling collision avoidance applications. However, a robust and stable collision avoidance application is a cross-layer problem that must address a number of key challenges across all layers of a VANET communication architecture. This paper presents and evaluates a novel VANET protocol suite, named Direction-Aware Vehicular Collision Avoidance (DVCA), which covers application, security services, network, and link layers. DVCA is a vehicle-to-vehicle communication architecture that provides enhanced collision probability computation and adaptive preventive measures for cooperative collision avoidance on bi-directional highways. Moreover, DVCA enables secure, in-time, and reliable dissemination of warning messages, which provides adequate time for vehicles to prevent collisions. Simulation and analytical results demonstrate reasonable reduction in collisions by DVCA, as compared with eminent VANET communication architectures.

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32

Aza, Andrea, David Melendi, Roberto García, Xabiel G. Pañeda, Laura Pozueco, and Víctor Corcoba. "Bluetooth 5 performance analysis for inter-vehicular communications." Wireless Networks 28, no. 1 (November 16, 2021): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02830-9.

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AbstractPrevious work has demonstrated the feasibility of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as an alternative technology for data transfers in inter-vehicular communication (IVC) scenarios. Bluetooth 5.x core specifications enhance the trade-off between energy requirements, communication range and flexibility. In this paper, we aim to analyse the potential of Bluetooth 5 features for VANET applications, proposing a connectionless communication system. By means of field experiments, we evaluate long range and 2 × speed features, defining a set of communication scenarios. This allows us to test both Bluetooth 5.x range and application throughput. The evaluation includes experiments of V2I communications carried out under real highway traffic conditions. The experiments conducted demonstrate that communication ranges up to 300 m may be achieved depending on the communications scenario. The results also show how throughput degrades as the distance between devices increases. The results obtained are used to discuss future work, aimed at deeper analysing Bluetooth 5 features for VANET applications, completing the development of our prototype and evaluating VANET connectionless communications with the features included in the latest Bluetooth 5.2 specification.

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33

Kunisetti, Subramanyam, and Suban Ravichandran. "A Study on Vehicular Content Delivery." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, S1 (November 5, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.s1.1808.

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The presence of the net of Vehicles licenses comforts driving encounters and substance rich sight and sound framework administrations for in-vehicle clients. The movement arranges gives particular situation centrically content conveyance administrations including data of auto standing, client practices, and ecological choices. In this paper, we tend to target transport content conveyance from a gigantic in view of a data point. At the point when an exhaustive survey of dynamic works, we tend to expand the potential cost of huge data in vehicular information and substance benefits by presenting numerous regular application circumstances. Per the data qualities, we tend to group the transport data into 3 classes, that is, an area is driven, client-driven, and vehicle-driven, and afterward represent relate execution of huge data arrangement and investigation. A true enormous data application in social-based transport systems is given, and reenactment results demonstrate that the tremendous data empowered substance conveyance technique will get an execution gain of client fulfillment with the conveyed substance compared to the case rudely of social huge information. At last, we tend to close the article with disjoining al future examination subjects.

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34

Agbinya, Johnson, Gina Navarrette, and Hanan Al-Ja'afreh. "A Study and Review of Self Managed Vehicular Networks." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 56, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-010-0059-3.

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A Study and Review of Self Managed Vehicular NetworksAn Intelligent transportation system (ITS) focuses on application of smart vehicles. The vehicles are equipped with significant computing, communicating and sensing capabilities to provide services to travelers or the goal of providing safety massages in emergency situations. Vehicular network may also be used for Internet access, inter-passengers communications and entertainment. To understand the behavior of such networks as well as to provide good services to the travelers many issues have to be managed, some of them are: call handover between vehicles in vehicular network, speed Vs capacity, security of call, network topology, and network fragmentation. In this paper we study such vehicular networks and explain these issues and the related work. Detailed study of practical node mobility models based on mobility states and the quality of practical links based on received signal strengths are used as inputs for system capacity studies. Experiments were run in Sydney based on drive tests with mobile terminals deployed on them. Then some new ideas for managing the vehicular networks are proposed.

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35

Wu, Guilu, Sha Li, Shujun Wang, Yutong Jiang, and Zhengquan Li. "Analysis and Design of Functional Device for Vehicular Cloud Computing." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 26, 2019): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050583.

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Relay technology application becomes prevalent nowadays, as it can effectively extend the communication distance, especially for vehicular networks with a limited communication range. Combined with vehicular cloud (VC), transmission efficiency can be improved by offloading partial data. Hence, designing a vehicle relay algorithm and implementation embedded vehicle device is critical. In this paper, VC is considered to deal with the complexity computation in our proposed system model. Without a loss of generality, an end-to-end vehicle communication with one assisted vehicle is analyzed firstly on a transmission link based on VC. Here, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the receiving end and link outage probability is obtained to enhance the link reliability. The VC computing helps us further simplify computational complexity. Subsequently, an embedded vehicle-enabled device is designed to achieve the optimal path relay selection in realistic vehicular environments. In the functional device framework, we display an optimal path relay selection algorithm according to the link quality. Finally, the performance of the transmission link on the outage probability related with SNR is verified in the simulation results. Meanwhile, the effect of the relay gain is also analyzed. The application of a vehicle-enabled embedded device could improve the performance of vehicular networks.

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36

Ramzan, Muhammad, Shahid Mahmood Awan, Hamza Aldabbas, Adnan Abid, Muhammad Farhan, Shehzad Khalid, and Rana M. Amir Latif. "Internet of medical things for smart D3S to enable road safety." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 8 (August 2019): 155014771986488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719864883.

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It has been seen that most of the accidents occur due to driver’s fatigue. Drowsiness is a state of mind before the driver falls asleep, which means the driver could not accomplish his actions, such as vehicular braking, controlling vehicular motion, properly. We have built an Internet of things–based medical application to analyze driver’s drowsiness. An architecture has been proposed and a simulation of that scenario in NS3 WSN simulation tool has been done. This simulation shows that the ratio of accidents can be majorly reduced. When drowsiness of drivers is captured, a message alert is delivered to all other drivers of the vehicles that are near to the sleeping driver; for this, different sensor nodes are used. Another unique feature of the sensor network used here is the collaborative effect of sensor nodes. So for measurement and analysis of applications on Google Play, a dataset of the medical applications category was scraped. The scraping was done with 550 applications of each category of medical applications. On each application on Google Play store, almost 70 attributes for each category were scraped. It is envisioned that, in future, wireless sensor networks will be an integral part of our lives, more so than the present-day personal computers.

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37

Twahirwa, Evariste, James Rwigema, and Raja Datta. "Design and Deployment of Vehicular Internet of Things for Smart City Applications." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010176.

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A novel computing paradigm, called the Internet of things emerged a few years ago. IoT is materialized by connecting both real and digital worlds together. The deployment of IoT in vehicular networks has introduced a new vehicular communication technology-themed vehicular internet of things (V-IoT). With the introduction of miniaturized sensors and actuators, V-IoT has demonstrated the ability to improve the level of urban transport systems through the development and deployment of low-cost but powerful technologies which seamlessly upgrade the level of smart transportation in urban environments. In this research article, we have presented the features of V-IoT that encompass both the benefits and potential challenges of the technology. Low-cost IoT prototypes have been built and tested for numerous functions in vehicular environments. The monitored parameters include air, road conditions such as traffics flow sizes, air quality, weather parameters, and signal status in terms of Received signal strength indicator, and Signal noise ratio for both road and intra-vehicular environments. Devices are implemented at every IoT architectural layer and tested on a web-based IoT front-end application using different protocols like LoRaWAN. Two LoRa sensors have been deployed in the public bus to monitor some of the mentioned parameters on a real-time basis and historical data could be retrieved through the developed web-based dashboard. Simplistic algorithms are implemented for both real-time and historical data demonstration.

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38

Rodríguez-Corbo, Fidel, Leyre Azpilicueta, Mikel Celaya-Echarri, Peio López-Iturri, Imanol Picallo, Francisco Falcone, and Ana Alejos. "Millimeter Wave Spatial Channel Characterization for Vehicular Communications." Proceedings 42, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-6-06562.

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With the growing demand of vehicle-mounted sensors over the last years, the amount of critical data communications has increased significantly. Developing applications such as autonomous vehicles, drones or real-time high-definition entertainment requires high data-rates in the order of multiple Gbps. In the next generation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, a wider bandwidth will be needed, as well as more precise localization capabilities and lower transmission latencies than current vehicular communication systems due to safety application requirements; 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is envisioned to be the key factor in the development of this next generation of vehicular communications. However, the implementation of mmWave links arises with difficulties due to blocking effects between mmWave transceivers, as well as different channel impairments for these high frequency bands. In this work, the mmWave channel propagation characterization for V2X communications has been performed by means of a deterministic in-house 3D ray launching simulation technique. A complex heterogeneous urban scenario has been modeled to analyze the different propagation phenomena of multiple mmWave V2X links. Results for large and small-scale propagation effects are obtained for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) trajectories, enabling inter-data vehicular comparison. These analyzed results and the proposed methodology can aid in an adequate design and implementation of next generation vehicular networks.

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39

Zhang, Qiang. "Multihop Transmission-Oriented Dynamic Workflow Scheduling in Vehicular Cloud." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (December 8, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2033644.

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Vehicular cloud as a kind of resource aggregation can provide cloud service flexibly for intelligent transportation systems and individual users. However, the dynamicity of vehicular cloud such as dynamic multihop transmission also brings new challenges to workflow scheduling. In this paper, a heuristic dynamic workflow scheduling (HDWS) strategy is proposed to solve the problem of workflow scheduling with dynamic multihop transmission in vehicular cloud. HDWS establishes a local scheduling based on the current resource status and task sets. The makespan of local scheduling is optimized by reassigning tasks based on task interdependency. At run time of an application, HDWS estimates the makespan in real time based on the current transmission rates and the unready tasks will be rescheduled once it detects the degradation of the makespan. Experimental results show that the proposed HDWS can improve the service success ratio of vehicular cloud and decrease the makespan compared to the existing approaches.

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40

Aditi Mohapatra, Aditi Mohapatra. "Design of Electric Drive for Vehicular Application Using Vector Control." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 5, no. 2 (2013): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-0524955.

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41

Balador, Ali, Alessandro Bazzi, Unai Hernandez-Jayo, Idoia de la Iglesia, and Hossein Ahmadvand. "A survey on vehicular communication for cooperative truck platooning application." Vehicular Communications 35 (June 2022): 100460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100460.

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42

Kumar, Awkash, Anil Kumar Dikshit, Sadaf Fatima, and Rashmi S. Patil. "Application of WRF Model for Vehicular Pollution Modelling Using AERMOD." Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 05, no. 02 (2015): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2015.52004.

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43

Smith, J. MacGregor. "Application of State-Dependent Queues to Pedestrian/Vehicular Network Design." Operations Research 42, no. 3 (June 1994): 414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.42.3.414.

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44

Hamid, Fandi, Azli Yahya, Tian Swee Tan, and Kok Yeow You. "Conceptual Design of Electromagnetic Pulse for Denied Vehicular Access Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1529 (April 2020): 042107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1529/4/042107.

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45

Ye, Hao, Le Liang, Geoffrey Ye Li, JoonBeom Kim, Lu Lu, and May Wu. "Machine Learning for Vehicular Networks: Recent Advances and Application Examples." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 13, no. 2 (June 2018): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2018.2811185.

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46

Kumar, Lalit, and Shailendra Jain. "A comprehensive study of electric propulsion system for vehicular application." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 6, no. 2 (March 2014): 022701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4861781.

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47

Labhsetwar, Nitin, R. B. Biniwale, Rakesh Kumar, S. Rayalu, and Sukumar Devotta. "Application of supported perovskite-type catalysts for vehicular emission control." Catalysis Surveys from Asia 10, no. 1 (March 2006): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10563-006-9005-x.

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48

Tonguz, Ozan K., and Mate Boban. "Multiplayer games over Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A new application." Ad Hoc Networks 8, no. 5 (July 2010): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2009.12.009.

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49

Wang, Hongchao, Zhen Han, and Dong Yang. "On Application-Customized Common Platform for Wireless Vehicular Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10, no. 3 (January 2014): 906059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/906059.

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50

Gaikwad, Manisha. "Comparison of DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Vehicular Application." HELIX 9, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 5879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29042/2019-5879-5883.

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