Статті в журналах: "Vehicle handling performance"

1

Chen, Wen. "The Analysis of Dynamic Performance on Four-Wheel Steering Vehicle Model." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.767.

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Four-wheel steering (4WS) is an advanced vehicle control technique which can improve steering characteristics. Compared with traditional two wheel steering (2WS) vehicles, 4WS vehicle can steer the front wheels and the rear wheels individually when cornering, according to the vehicle motion states such as vehicle speed, yaw velocity and lateral acceleration. Therefore, 4WS can enhance the handling stability and improve the active safety for vehicle. In this paper, the motion characteristics of 4WS vehicle are analyzed. The steering dynamics model of vehicle is established, and the transfer function of deflection angle of mass center to steering angle of 4WS vehicle is deduced. The handling stability of 4WS vehicle is researched by virtue of Matlab/simulink, Simulation results show that the 4WS vehicle is agile to and consistent with steering input and the transient handling stability is improved distinctly without increasing driver’s handling burden.

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2

Smith, Wade A., Nong Zhang, and William Hu. "Hydraulically interconnected vehicle suspension: handling performance." Vehicle System Dynamics 49, no. 1-2 (February 2011): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423111003596743.

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3

Peng, Dengzhi, Gangfeng Tan, Kekui Fang, Li Chen, Philip K. Agyeman, and Yuxiao Zhang. "Multiobjective Optimization of an Off-Road Vehicle Suspension Parameter through a Genetic Algorithm Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 31, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9640928.

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Ride comfort and handling performances are known conflicts for off-road vehicles. Recent publications focus on passenger vehicles on class B and class C roads, while, for off-road vehicles, they should be able to run on rougher roads: class D, class E, or class F roads. In this paper, a quarter vehicle model with nonlinear damping is established to analyze the suspension performance of a medium off-road vehicle on the class F road. The ride comfort, road holding, and handling performance of the vehicle are indicated by the weighted root mean square (RMS) value of the vertical acceleration of the sprung mass, suspension travel, and tire deflection. To optimize these objectives, the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and a genetic algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (GA-PSO) are initiated. The efficiency and accuracy of these algorithms are compared to find the best suspension parameters. The effect of the optimized method is validated by the field test result. The ride comfort, road holding, and handling performance are improved by approximately 20%.

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4

Li, Hai Bin, and Peng Ji. "Analysis on Vehicle On-Center Performance." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1302.

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On-center handling performance for high speed vehicle is becoming more and more concerned. Road feel is the most indexes to evaluate the on-center handling performance. Steering system is the key part of the whole vehicle to affect the performance, which include much nonlinearity: steer ratio, dry friction and stiffness etc. In this paper, steering system model is set up by ADAMS, and embed into the whole vehicle model to study the effects of these nonlinearities on on-center handling performance.

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5

Wei, Terence, and Hans Dorfi. "Identification of Tire Force and Moment (F&M) Characteristics That Improve Combined Slip Handling Performance." Tire Science and Technology 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.19.160109.

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ABSTRACT Since tires generate the control forces required for the operation of a vehicle, the tire force and moment (F&M) characteristics have to be designed such that the vehicle can easily be kept under driver control under many driving conditions. However, the relationship between F&M characteristics and vehicle handling performance is not well understood for many driving maneuvers. A better understanding of this relationship would thus provide insight into how to improve the matching between tires and vehicles for increased vehicle stability. Building a large number of tires with different characteristics would be too expensive and time consuming, so an investigation using simulations is preferred. However, one problem with simulations is that handling performance cannot be evaluated by a professional driver (subjective metrics), unlike in outdoor tests. A way of evaluating handling performance in simulation through objective metrics is therefore necessary. In this study, the focus is on vehicle handling performance during simultaneous cornering and braking. Desirable F&M metrics were identified using the following process: Handling simulations were validated using instrumented vehicle measurements of handling behavior at outdoor test facilities. An objective handling metric (peak body slip angle) was identified that has high correlation with professional driver ratings (subjective metric) of combined slip handling performance. The objective metric could therefore be used with simulations to predict the professional driver rating. Many virtual tires were generated by changing F&M characteristics of Pacejka tire models. These virtual tires were used in simulations of combined slip handling maneuvers and evaluated for performance using the objective handling metric. By identifying which changes to F&M metrics had high correlation to changes in handling performance, the primary influencing characteristics were determined. These results were also confirmed by looking at the correlation between F&M metrics of actual tires and their subjective ratings.

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6

Huh, K., J. Kim, and J. Hong. "Handling and driving characteristics for six-wheeled vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700021400205.

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Handling performance of six-wheeled special-purpose vehicles is investigated in this study. Six-wheel drive (6WD) vehicles are believed to have good performance in off-the-road manoeuvring and to have fail-safe capabilities when one or two of their tyres are blown. However, the handling performance of six-wheel steering (6WS) vehicles is not yet well understood in the relevant literature. In this paper, six-wheeled vehicles are modelled as an 18 degree-of-freedom (DOF) system that considers non-linear vehicle dynamics, tyre models and kinematic effects. The vehicle model is constructed into a simulation tool using MATLAB/SIMULINK so that input/output and vehicle parameters can be changed easily using the modulated approach. Handling performance is analysed not only from the frequency domain but also from the time domain. Simulation results demonstrate that the effect of middle-wheel steering is not negligible from the viewpoint of handling characteristics such as yaw rate, lateral acceleration, etc. The simulation tool is also utilized for the manoeuvring analysis over a rough rigid surface, where the separation between the wheels and the road can be considered. In addition, a new 6WS control law is proposed in order to minimize the sideslip angle. Lane change simulation results show the advantage of 6WS vehicles with the proposed control law.

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7

Wu, Xuting, Max Farhad, and Jason Wong. "Investigating and Improving Vehicle Transient Handling Performance." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 4, no. 1 (April 12, 2011): 1080–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0987.

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8

Ahmed, M., M. El-Gindy, and H. Lang. "Handling performance of an 8x8 combat vehicle." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 973 (November 18, 2020): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/973/1/012009.

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9

HARADA, Hiroshi, Masanori HARADA, Yoshiaki ARAKI, and Masahiro OOYA. "Crosswind Handling Performance for Driver-Vehicle System." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 65, no. 629 (1999): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.65.222.

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10

Liu, Yong Chen, and Li Sun. "Steering Wheel Angle Pulse Input Simulation and Evaluation of a Car Based on ADAMS." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7461.

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Vehicle’s steering wheel angle pulse input performance was an representative test of handling and stability, it characterizes vehicle’s handling and stability by the transient response of the steering wheel angle pulse input. Taking a car for example, in the ADAMS software, vehicle dynamics model was established. According to GB/T6323.3—94 standards, the steering wheel angle pulse input virtual test was carried out, and then applied the QC/T 480—1999 limit vehicle handling and stability indices and assessment methods to evaluate the results of the simulation, the result is 66.2247 points, among that, the resonant peak level is 36.0973 points, indicating the vehicle's steering transient response ability is poor, should be improved.

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11

Schröder, C., and A. Duchow. "Heavy Truck Handling Performance Analysis in Vehicle Test and Computer Simulation." Tire Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2137534.

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Abstract The dynamic stability of heavy trucks, as spinout, jackknifing, and rollover, is highly dependent on vehicle configuration, driving maneuver, and the force and moment characteristics of tires. Increasing safety requirements on the handling performance of heavy trucks demand tools that allow a tire design engineer to predict tire influences on the tire/vehicle system dynamic behavior. The computer simulation of handling performance of vehicles offers possibilities of evaluating influences of tire design changes on handling properties in any developing stage of new tire lines. Thus, modern simulation techniques may contribute to the building and testing of tires in an early design stage. This paper presents results from a recent program of tire/vehicle system research, applying tire/vehicle testing and simulation techniques to a 40 ton truck-semitrailer combination. The goal of this work is to visualize the possibilities of state-of-the-art simulation technologies on the tire design process. Tire force and moment characteristics can be calculated from the tire layout by an advanced tire model. The tire model for this type of calculation is a multibody system. Calculated and measured dynamic tire characteristics are used for the full vehicle handling simulation in ADAMS. Extensive tire characteristic testing on the road and test stand was done to improve and validate the tire model. Vehicle handling tests as steady state circular and lateral transient response tests were done for the empty and laden vehicle with different tires to prove the vehicle model. With the use of the simulation of the tire and vehicle behavior, the tire design engineer will be able to judge tire characteristics of different variants in an early design stage. Vehicle dynamic simulation studies up to instability as spinout, jackknifing, and rollover can be performed using modern CAE methods without harming man and environment, but subjective and objective tire evaluation still remains necessary for approving and validating the predicted results.

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12

Palkovics, L., and M. El-Gindy. "Examination of Different Control Strategies of Heavy-Vehicle Performance." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801172.

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Heavy vehicles play an economically important role in the transportation process, and their numbers have been increasing for several decades. The active safety of the highway system is an important consideration in the design of a heavy vehicle combination. In this paper, the handling characteristics of a 5-axle tractor-semitrailer is examined and used to test for the desired features of the vehicle’s handling and stability. Using these results the optimal control criterion is derived for the vehicle. Four different control strategies are examined by using the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) approach. These are, active steering of the rear wheels of the tractor; active steering of the wheels of the trailer; active torque control in the fifth-wheel joint; and active yaw torque acting on the tractor. These controllers are designed and examined using a simplified linear vehicle model. In addition to discussing the above-mentioned approaches, this paper discusses a method of modifying the slip angles at the tractor’s rear (driven) axles, however the yaw torque at the tractor cg also can be controlled using what is called “unilateral braking.” As well, the replacement of the active torque control at the fifth wheel joint, by a control strategy based on the usage of controllable dampers at the fifth-wheel joint, will also be examined. In this case, a nonlinear mathematical model of the vehicle is used and a modified control strategy called the RLQR/H∞ approach is used to ensure the vehicle’s performance in the presence of parametric uncertainties. The examination of these control strategies is conducted by using a sophisticated non-linear vehicle model, and the influence of these control strategies on the vehicle’s directional and roll stability during severe path-follow lane-change manoeuvre is discussed.

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13

Shao, Nan, Guofeng Yao, Chang Zhang, and Min Wang. "A New Method to Optimize the Wake Flow of a Vehicle: The Leading Edge Rotating Cylinder." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5781038.

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The wake flow of a vehicle significantly influences its aerodynamic performance and the stability during high-speed drive. Therefore, optimization of the vehicle wake flow is an effective way to improve its aerodynamic performance and further improve the handling stability and fuel economy. In this paper, a new method, the leading edge rotating cylinder, is used to optimize the wake flow of a vehicle. According to the results of simulations, this method can reduce the pressure drag, increase the negative lift force, and strengthen the stability of the vehicle under crosswind. Furthermore, this method optimizes not only the wake flow of the vehicle with rotating cylinders but also the interactive vehicles in the driving route in overtaking maneuvers or platoon driving. In conclusion, this method effectively optimizes the flow fields around the vehicles, and it significantly helps to improve the handling stability and fuel economy of the vehicle.

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14

Jeong, Janghun, Inseok Seo, and Sangho Lee. "Vehicle Handling Performance Control Using the Active Suspension." Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 28, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2020.28.9.637.

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15

Zhang, Yunqing, Chaoyong Tang, Wei Chen, Liping Chen, and Jingzhou Yang. "Robust Optimal Design for Enhancing Vehicle Handling Performance." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2008): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0600.

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16

Wang, Fengchen, Decheng Wang, Jia Sun, and Jianzhu Zhao. "Intelligent optimal control for the crawler vehicle with semi-active suspension using modified staged continuous tabu search algorithm." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 13 (October 25, 2017): 3617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217728567.

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This paper proposes a novel intelligent optimal control strategy for crawler vehicles with semi-active suspension. The proposed control strategy aims at improving vehicle ride comfort by addressing contradictory suspension properties requirements of ride comfort and handling stability simultaneously. After establishing seven degrees of freedom dynamic model of the crawler vehicle, a comprehensive evaluation index is developed to trade off among various vehicle performances, which include ride comfort, damper thermal reliability, elastic element fatigue and handling stability. Then, using modified staged continuous tabu search (MSCTS) algorithm, the optimal control efforts of semi-active suspension, damping ratios, are determined by minimizing the cost function defined by the comprehensive evaluation index. Demonstrated by simulations with triangle convex block and random ground roughness excitations, MSCTS control strategy can successfully improve ride comfort performance and achieve the optimal comprehensive performance as well.

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17

Zhao, Qiu Fang, Tao He, Wen Juan Xu, and Zhi Qiang Liu. "The Research of Vehicle Handling Stability Based on ADAMS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 127 (October 2011): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.127.248.

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With the demand for the high performance, the vehicle handling stability is more and more attractive and becomes one main service performance of modern car. At the same time, traditional calculation method can not meet the requirement of modern automobile research on the analysis of varied performances. The virtual simulation software increases greatly and it is possible to do the vehicle simulation trial. In this paper, a vehicle model of 10-DOF is built by using the dynamics simulation software ADAMS. Through the dynamic simulation test, the vehicle handling stability is studied with emphasis when the S.M. (Static Margin) is positive,zero or negative.The result is a reference in design of the vehicle, so the purpose of saving test funds and shortening design time is achieved.

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18

Xu, Zhe, Min Xiang Wei, Yang Wang, and Jian Wei Wei. "Design of Direct Yaw Moment Control System to Enhance Vehicle Stability Based on Fuzzy Logic." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1326.

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Vehicle running at high speed if affected by crosswind or steering handling may spin or drift out since the yaw moment produced is not big enough to stabilize it. In order to prevent these dangerous situations, a fuzzy direct yaw moment controller is designed in this paper, since it is simple and suitable for nonlinear system. This vehicle stability control system is based on model following control method. The side slip angle and yaw rate which indicate the vehicle’s stability and handling performance are chosen as the control variables. The response of the bicycle model is selected as the reference value. In order to evaluate the performance of the controller, simulations of lane change and J-turn maneuver are carried out. The results show that the stability and handling performance of the vehicle are improved.

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19

Wang, Shu Feng, Hua Shi Li, and Cui Hua He. "Handling Stability Performance Simulation and Analysis of Three Different Vehicle Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.750.

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In order to obtain accurate vehicle handling stability performance, 2 DOF nonlinear vehicle model and multi-body dynamics vehicle model are established. Selecting the same vehicle parameters, step steering angle input simulations of three vehicle model (include 2DOF linear vehicle model) are carried out under the same driving conditions, simulation results are analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that 2DOF linear model can characterize the steering states of vehicle when vehicle lateral acceleration is small, but when vehicle lateral acceleration is big, Nonlinear vehicle model and multi-body dynamics model is accurate.

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20

Darling, J., R. E. Dorey, and T. J. Ross-Martin. "A Low Cost Active Anti-Roll Suspension for Passenger Cars." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897730.

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This paper examines, through simulation, a low cost active suspension system intended for use on passenger vehicles. The system retains the conventional suspension spring and damper elements and replaces the anti-roll bar with an active device, responding to transducer signals on the vehicle. Whilst conventional passive suspensions are at best a compromise solution to the conflicting requirements of ride and handling, this new system aims to prevent roll and thus improve passenger comfort and safety. The ride and handling of a standard production vehicle with a passive suspension is studied using a simulation model incorporating measured parametric data. A model of the same vehicle with active roll control is developed and the improvements in ride and handling are established. The effect of limited bandwidth performance from the central controller and hydraulic components is investigated by simulation. The vehicle model can be used to predict performance and help the automotive engineer in the difficult task of system design.

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21

Zhu, J. J., A. Khajepour, and E. Esmailzadeh. "Handling transient response of a vehicle with a planar suspension system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 225, no. 11 (August 4, 2011): 1445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407011408514.

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A novel design of a planar suspension system (PSS) is proposed to overcome the limitation of a conventional vehicle suspension system that cannot sufficiently absorb the vibrations and shocks caused by the road obstacles in the longitudinal direction because of the very stiff longitudinal connections between the chassis and the wheels. The rather stiff longitudinal linkages are replaced by a spring–damper strut. The results of the investigation into the transient handling behaviour of a vehicle with a PSS in three different scenarios are presented. These include a vehicle turning on a bumpy road, a vehicle turning combined with braking, and a lane change manoeuvre combined with acceleration. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that the PSS vehicle can effectively suppress the vibrations and shocks in the longitudinal direction without causing the handling performance to deteriorate. It has been shown that the vehicle-handling behaviour is generally comparable with, and under some conditions even better than, those reported for vehicles with a conventional suspension system.

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22

Vilela, Daniel, Rubens Pinati, Scott Larsen, Erick Rodrigues, and Renato Serrati. "Virtual Tire Data Influence on Vehicle Level Handling Performance." SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 8, no. 1 (April 14, 2015): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1570.

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23

Na, SangDo, JinSeok Jang, KwangSuk Kim, and WanSuk Yoo. "Dynamic vehicle model for handling performance using experimental data." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 7, no. 11 (November 5, 2015): 168781401561812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814015618126.

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24

Zhang, Xiao Long, and Rong Guo. "Full Vehicle Handling Prediction and Correlation." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.53.

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Accurate full vehicle handling prediction can be used to evaluate the vehicle dynamic performance. This paper presents the prediction and correlation of full vehicle handling with ADAMS/Car. After building the initial model, major flexible component, steering friction and damping was introduced to optimize the model that makes the model much more accurate. The model will be used to run four major vehicle handling events; the predicted results are compared with measured data. The correlation includes time history of steering wheel angle, steering torque, lateral acceleration, side slip angle, roll, yaw etc. It also includes the derivates such as understeer gradients, steering gradients, side slip gradients, roll gradients etc. It is shown that good correlations are obtained in handling;

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25

Schröder, C., and S. Chung. "Influence of Tire Characteristic Properties on the Vehicle Lateral Transient Response." Tire Science and Technology 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2137499.

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Abstract This paper summarizes results from a recent program of tire-vehicle system research, using simulation techniques to identify the influence of tire characteristics on the vehicle response functions of yaw rate and lateral acceleration. Tire characteristics such as cornering stiffness, cornering stiffness-wheel load dependency, self-aligning torque, and dynamic tire behavior were varied with respect to a control tire. Computer simulations of vehicles undergoing a steering wheel pulse input were carried out using ADAMS full vehicle models and the Magic Formula tire model. Frequency responses were obtained from these vehicle handling simulations. The Four Parameter Evaluation Method of Lateral Transient Response was used to judge the vehicle handling performance. The influences of tire characteristic properties on the vehicle lateral transient response are explained by this method.

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26

Meng, Jie, Kai Zhang, and Bao Cheng Yang. "Model Establishment and Simulation of Vehicle Handling Stability Using Adams/Car." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2152.

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A vehicle model is built using the multi body dynamics software-ADAMS/ Car first. And then the vehicle’s performance of the constant radius cornering and ISO lane change is simulated. According to the simulation results, the handling stability is evaluated. The result shows that the ADAMS software can provide accurate simulation test and optimize the design plan of vehicle product.

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27

Dash, Basanta, and Bidyadhar Subudhi. "Comparison of two controllers for directional control of a hybrid electric vehicle." Archives of Control Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10170-011-0020-4.

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Comparison of two controllers for directional control of a hybrid electric vehicleDirectional response of a vehicle implies changing its direction when sustaining lateral acceleration while moving on the road. From this response, the vehicle's explicit capabilities as well as its contribution to the system performance of the driver/vehicle combination are obtained. In vehicle control literature, handling is often used interchangeably with cornering, turning, or directional response. This paper focuses one aspect of the handling i.e. directional response. Two different controllers, namely a PID controller and a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) are designed in this paper to control the vehicle's steering in a smooth lane change maneuver. The performances of the aforesaid two controllers have been studied extensively in this paper. For achieving an improved path tracking and directional response, parameters of both the PID and FLC have been tuned and their performances have been compared. Further, the effect of changing the scale factors in the fuzzy logic approach to obtaining directional response is presented. To validate the above two control performances, a nonlinear simulation model of a HEV is developed and is used in simulation studies. Both the controllers track the desired directional signal efficiently. Both PID and Fuzzy controllers provide competitive performances. Although with the assumption of all parameters of the vehicle available PID controller exhibits slightly better dynamic performance but in the real-world scenario the fuzzy controller is preferred due to its robustness i.e. it does not depend on the parameters of the vehicle.

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28

Ding, Shi Qing. "Analysis of Tire Stiffness on Vehicle Handling Performance Based on Adams/Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.58.

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The MacPherson suspension mode is established by Adams/Car (vehicle multi body kinematics and dynamics software). The influence of the vehicle tire stiffness on vehicle handling performance is investigated by different tire stiffness. This study has certain guiding sense in the new vehicle development and auto fancier’s vehicle modification.

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29

Li, Jun, Shi Hua Yuan, Shu Peng Lyu, and Dong Mei Jyu. "Modeling and Analyzing for Multi-Axis Wheeled Vehicle Handling Performance and Stability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.179.

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In this paper, by using the method of Lagrange equation mechanics, a 3DOF common dynamic differential equation for four-axis wheeled vehicle is calculated. whats more, a basic handling math model of four-axis wheeled vehicle is obtained. The handling performance and stability simulation for two plans of one type of vehicle is finished by using the model completed, and the suggestion for optimal design plan is given. According to the test data of sample vehicle that has been validated, the model has a high credibility.

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30

Zhang, Li-Xia, Fu-Quan Pan, Hui Zhang, and Ting Feng. "Modeling and simulation of minimum time-handling inverse dynamics of a vehicle." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 2018): 168781401878608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018786089.

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The performance of a vehicle in minimum time handling is highly important for the safety of the vehicle. In this study, a vehicle motion state equation with 3 degrees of freedom was established on the basis of the lateral, yaw, and longitudinal motions of the vehicle. Equations on the linear tire and motion trajectory were established with consideration of longitudinal load transfer to establish the vehicle-handling dynamics model. Steering-wheel angle, driving force equation set, and yaw angle equation had been introduced to convert the vehicle-handling dynamics model into the vehicle-handling inverse dynamics model. By introducing performance index, control set, and several constraint conditions, an optimal control model of the vehicle minimum time handling was established, which was solved by improved direct multiple-shooting nonlinear programming method. A comparison of the simulation results of ADAMS/Car and MATLAB showed that both of the optimal routes input were in tangent with the road boundary. We can observe through the longitudinal velocity that the MATLAB simulation results are more similar to a straight line than that of the ADAMS/Car simulation results, which meet the psychological expectation of a driver. Thus, the inverse dynamics model on minimum time handling of the vehicle is reasonable and feasible.

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31

Zhang, Jianwu, Weimiao Yang, and Pengpeng Feng. "A feedback linearization controller combined with a data-driven subspace-based prediction method for vehicle handling stabilization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 4 (April 13, 2018): 1156–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218770698.

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Obtaining precise yaw rate and lateral velocity as well as developing a nonlinear controller becomes more and more essential for improving the vehicle handling performance. Different from traditional methods, a data-driven subspace-based prediction approach is introduced by integrating propagator with predictor-based subspace identification method in this paper. Based on an identifiable vehicle model, the prediction process is validated by standard road tests data. To employ this data-driven prediction method in the vehicle handling stabilization and solve the controlling problem of nonlinear lateral dynamic system, a feedback linearization controller based on the new piecewise tire model is elaborately developed. On account of that the one-step prediction output reduces the time delay between actuator and lateral dynamic response, the subspace-based controller can theoretically improve the vehicle handling performance. By road simulation results, the proposed feedback linearization controller combined with a data-driven subspace-based prediction method greatly enhances the handling performance and provides a more effective technique for both vehicle parameter estimation and handling stabilization.

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32

Liao, Da Yin. "Vehicle Clustering Phenomenon in Automatic Materials Handling Systems in 300mm Semiconductor Manufacturing." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.1129.

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During design and implementation of the automatic materials handling system (AMHS) for a local 300mm semiconductor wafer fab (semiconductor fabrication plant), we observed and found an interesting phenomenon Vehicle Clustering Phenomenon (VCP) from the dynamics of automated vehicles: As time evolves, the distance between any two adjacent vehicles usually becomes very close enough as if all the vehicles are a long train of vehicles running around the loop. The overall performance thus deteriorates due to this phenomenon. This paper explores the causes of the VCP problem and clarifies its impacts to automatic materials handling operations in 300mm semiconductor manufacturing.

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33

FAN, Yuezhen, Chuanchao DU, and Qingchun WANG. "Study on the Influence of the Center of Gravity of Fuel Cell City Bus on its Handling Characteristics." Mechanics 26, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.5.23590.

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The vehicles driven by combustion engine leads to environmental problems because of fossil fuel consumption. In recent years, many policies have adopted to support the development of new energy vehicles, especially battery electric vehicles as the main strategy in China. For the battery electric vehicles, the position of the battery pack can change the centroid position of the vehicle because of its big mass, and it can also change the loading of each tire in the motion, which has important influence on the vehicle handing and stability performance. This article studies the relationship between handling characteristic and the change of centroid position on a fuel cell city bus, and then solves the suitable centroid position of this vehicle which makes the vehicle have satisfied steering characteristic.

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34

Mohamed Belrzaeg, Abdussalam Ali Ahmed, Amhimmid Q Almabrouk, Mohamed Mohamed Khaleel, Alforjani Ali Ahmed, and Meshaal Almukhtar. "Vehicle dynamics and tire models: An overview." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0524.

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Stability control system plays a significant role in vehicle dynamics to improve the vehicle handling and achieve better stability performance. In order to study and evaluate the performance of the vehicles in addition to how to control it, it is necessary to identify obtain some models related to the dynamics of the vehicle as well as the tire models. This paper presents fundamentals of vehicle dynamics by introducing vehicle models and tire model, which have been widely adopted for vehicle motion control. This helps to get a basic idea of what parameters and states of a vehicle are important in vehicle motion control. This work is separated into four sections: vehicle planar model, full vehicle model, two degrees of freedom vehicle model (bicycle model) to design the controller, and wheel dynamic model.

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35

Gao, Qi, Jinzhi Feng, and Songlin Zheng. "Optimization design of the key parameters of McPherson suspension systems using generalized multi-dimension adaptive learning particle swarm optimization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (January 25, 2019): 3403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018824766.

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The performance parameters of suspension systems must be properly matched to ensure the handling and stability performance of a vehicle. Based on real vehicle measured data, a parameterized vehicle dynamic model is built, and the validity of the parameterized vehicle dynamic model is verified by comparing simulation results with real vehicle test results. Seven representative steady-state and transient single evaluation indicators of handling and stability of the vehicle are selected. The key parameters of McPherson suspension system, which significantly affects steady-state and transient handling and stability performance, are selected through a sensitivity analysis. Their contribution rates for each single evaluation indicator are calculated based on 81 simulation tests using the parameterized vehicle dynamic model. A comprehensive evaluation indicator system for the whole vehicle is established. This system contains the seven steady-state and transient single handling and stability evaluation indicators that are obtained using a quadratic response surface fitting for the selected key parameters. The comprehensive evaluation indicator system is used to show whether a vehicle has good steady-state and desirable transient responses. Moreover, a generalized multi-dimension adaptive learning particle swarm optimization is proposed to search for the global optimum of the comprehensive evaluation indicator system across the search space with rapid convergence. Optimization results show that a comprehensive handling and stability performance are improved, and simulation results of the parameterized vehicle dynamic model that is modified in accordance with the optimization results verify the improvement of the steady-state steering driving behavior and transient yaw response of the vehicle. In conclusion, the comprehensive evaluation indicator system is feasible, and the generalized multi-dimension adaptive learning particle swarm optimization is effective for the optimization design of the key parameters of the McPherson suspension system.

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36

Siramdasu, Yaswanth, and Saied Taheri. "A Tool for Tire Handling Performance Evaluation." Tire Science and Technology 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 74–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.16.440201.

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ABSTRACT In the past, handling performance of the tire–vehicle combination has been evaluated using tire models such as the Pacejka Magic Formula. These models usually lack realistic representation of tire–road interaction and are not suitable for combined steering and braking maneuvers that may activate the antilock braking system. The objective of this study is to develop a computationally simple and accurate tire model, which can be used in the development and evaluation of handling performance of the tire on uneven road surfaces. For an emergency obstacle avoidance maneuver at high speeds, transient tire behavior plays a crucial role in the generation of forces between tire and road. Road undulations and steering inputs both induce high-frequency tire belt vibrations, which have detrimental effects on the handling and tractive behavior of the tire. To meet these requirements, a dynamic six degrees of freedom tire model–based rigid ring approach is developed and integrated with a multiple tandem elliptical cam to include enveloping behavior of the tire. The tire model that is developed in this research is partially based on the work of Schmeitz found in the literature. The tire model was parameterized using experimental parameters found in the literature. The tire model is validated using fixed axle high-speed oblique cleat experimental data. The developed tire model is integrated with the vehicle model in CarSim®. From the simulation of successive step steering input, the increasing influence of tire belt vibrations at higher slip angles was observed due to sudden steering wheel inputs. From the simulation of the step steering input on the bad asphalt road surface with an added cleat and on the flat smooth road surface, it was observed that the lateral performance of the tire at higher slip angles is strongly influenced by the vertical load variations. A single lane change maneuver was simulated on the smooth and bad asphalt road surfaces, demonstrating the strong influence of tire lateral and vertical belt vibrations on the lateral performance of the vehicle. Simulation of high-speed emergency obstacle avoidance braking maneuvers on measured rough and smooth roads showed that the influence of high-frequency vibrations due to road undulations and step steering inputs causes large variations of longitudinal and lateral forces at the axle, thus creating large variations in slip and slip angle of the tire with a degraded braking distance on rough roads.

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37

Wade-Allen, R., J. P. Chrstos, G. Howe, D. H. Klyde, and T. J. Rosenthal. "Validation of a non-linear vehicle dynamics simulation for limit handling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407021529147.

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This paper discusses the validation of a ground vehicle dynamics computer simulation that includes complete models for sprung and unsprung masses, tyres, suspension, steering and brake systems, and power train including engine, transmission and differentials. The models have been developed over the last decade and have been applied to single-unit passenger cars, trucks and buses, and articulated tractor/trailer vehicles up to limit performance operating conditions. The tyre and vehicle models use composite parameters that are relatively easy to measure. However, the measurements must cover the key operating regime where the simulation is expected to be applied. For example, limit performance manoeuvring conditions require tyre data over large slip conditions and high normal load (beyond the design load) to cover the full range of dynamic operating conditions. Spring and damper response should also take into account large deflections and high velocities respectively to cover relevant non-linearities.

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38

Kim, J. "Analysis of handling performance based on simplified lateral vehicle dynamics." International Journal of Automotive Technology 9, no. 6 (December 2008): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-008-0081-y.

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39

MORI, Masaki, and Fukashi SUGASAWA. "3102 Improvement of Handling Performance through Assist of Vehicle Direction." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2010.19 (2010): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2010.19.261.

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40

Elmarakbi, Ahmed, Chandrasekaran Rengaraj, Alan Wheately, and Mustafa Elkady. "New integrated chassis control systems for vehicle handling performance enhancement." International Journal of Dynamics and Control 1, no. 4 (September 6, 2013): 360–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40435-013-0026-9.

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41

Yang, Wu, Zhang Nong, Zhang Bangji, and Zhang Jie. "Modeling and performance analysis of a vehicle with kinetic dynamic suspension system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 3 (January 10, 2018): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017748281.

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This paper presents a kinetic dynamic suspension (KDS) system to achieve enhanced cooperative control of the roll and warp motion modes for on-road and off-road sports utility vehicles (SUV). The proposed KDS system consists of two hydraulic circuits acting on two pairs of torsional rods and levers, which can be treated as novel anti-roll bars. Hence, these anti-roll bars do not work independently, but are coupled to merely respond to particular motion modes. To verify the handling and ride performance of the system, a 14-DOF model of a SUV and a “magic formula” tire model are developed. The dynamic responses of the vehicle model with KDS suspension are obtained through half-sine bump, asynchronous sine road, and fishhook maneuver simulations. The responses of the KDS equipped vehicle are compared to those of one with anti-roll bars to demonstrate its improved performance and also illustrate the side-effects. The results show that the KDS system considerably improves the vehicle’s anti-roll ability. Furthermore, the vehicle’s warp stiffness is significantly reduced by the KDS system, which enhances the vertical load distribution of each wheel when driving off-road.

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42

Hamed, M., B. Tesfa, F. Gu, and A. D. Ball. "Effects of Tyre Pressure on Vehicle Suspension Performance." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 55 (July 2015): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.55.102.

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Incorrect inflation pressures in tyres affects the vehicle handling, passenger comfort and braking conditions in addition to causing a reduction in fuel efficiency and tyre life. To address this problem, mathematical models have been produced and an experimental validation has been carried out. The models were developed with 7-DOF, for a full car system, using MATLAB programs. In the simulation study, the suspension faults have been considered by running the models with a range of inflation pressures at four conditions i.e. at standard pressure (2.3bar) and 1.5bar on the passenger wheel, driver wheel and front wheels. In each case, an analysis was carried out on the performances of the suspension in terms of ride comfort, road handling and stability of the vehicle followed by the presentation of the results obtained. In addition, the influence of parameter variations on transfer functions as a fault detection of suspension has been introduced. This approach has been used when detecting faults of vehicle tyres being under-inflated 35% and also to detect other suspension faults in the future.

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43

Wei, Wang, Bei Shaoyi, Yang Hui, Wang Yongzhi, and Zhang Lanchun. "Minimum Time Approach to Emergency Collision Avoidance by Vehicle Handling Inverse Dynamics." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/276460.

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Vehicle driving safety is the urgent key problem to be solved of automobile independent development while encountering emergency collision avoidance with high speed. And it is also the premise and one of the necessary conditions of vehicle active safety. A new technique of vehicle handling inverse dynamics which can evaluate the emergency collision avoidance performance is proposed. Based on optimal control theory, the steering angle input and the traction/brake force imposed by driver are the control variables; the minimum time required to complete the fitting biker line change is the control object. By using the improved direct multiple shooting method, the optimal control problem is converted into a nonlinear programming problem that is then solved by means of the sequential quadratic programming. The simulation results show that the proposed method can solve the vehicle minimum time maneuver problem, and can compare the maneuverability of two different vehicles that complete fitting biker line change with the minimum time and the correctness of the model is verified through real vehicle test.

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44

Ji, Peng, Hui Jun Jia, and Shuang Sheng Feng. "Influence of Suspension Nonlinear Hysteretic Characteristic on Handling Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1978–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1978.

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Suspension stiffness is influenced by the nonlinear hysteretic characteristic, which has effect on vehicle handling performance. In this paper, the effect of suspension nonlinear hysteretic characteristic is analyzed and described and the effect of characteristic on suspension stiffness and handling performance is indicated by simulating results. Due to suspension stiffness is smaller than nominal stiffness with suspension travel which described by nonlinear hysteretic characteristic model, handling performance is obtained accurately.

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45

Chen, Shengzhao, Bangji Zhang, Boyuan Li, and Nong Zhang. "Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Vehicle Incorporating Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension System with Dual Accumulators." Shock and Vibration 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6901423.

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A novel roll-resistant hydraulically interconnected suspension with dual accumulators on each fluid circuit (DHIS) is proposed and dynamic characteristics of vehicle incorporating DHIS subsystem are studied in this paper. A 10-degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) vehicle model coupled with DHIS subsystem is established and validated. Four physical parameters of DHIS subsystems which are crucial to vehicle responses are selected with prescribed variation ranges to explore their relationships with the vehicle performance. Simulations of vehicle conducting sine-wave steering maneuvers are carried out to evaluate handling performance with roll angle and vertical tyre force for DHIS subsystem with the parameters varying, compared with the results for vehicle with the original spring-damper suspension and conventional hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS). On the other hand, ride comfort performance indicated by total weighted root mean square accelerations at the center of gravity is studied when vehicle is excited by three different types of road pavements when the four parameters vary in the prescribed ranges. Simulation results are compared to investigate the special merits of DHIS subsystem, and the parameters that influence the handling performance and ride comfort most are identified. Overall, the DHIS subsystem can effectively enhance the vehicle handling performance compared with the original spring-damper suspension, and it can also benefit much to the ride comfort in contrast to the HIS subsystem.

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46

Zulkarnain, N., H. Zamzuri, Y. M. Sam, S. A. Mazlan, and S. M. H. F. Zainal. "Improving Vehicle Ride and Handling Using LQG CNF Fusion Control Strategy for an Active Antiroll Bar System." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/698195.

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This paper analyses a comparison of performance for an active antiroll bar (ARB) system using two types of control strategy. First of all, the LQG control strategy is investigated and then a novel LQG CNF fusion control method is developed to improve the performances on vehicle ride and handling for an active antiroll bar system. However, the ARB system has to balance the trade-off between ride and handling performance, where the CNF consists of a linear feedback law and a nonlinear feedback law. Typically, the linear feedback is designed to yield a quick response at the initial stage, while the nonlinear feedback law is used to smooth out overshoots in the system output when it approaches the target reference. The half car model is combined with a linear single track model with roll dynamics which are used for the analysis and simulation of ride and handling. The performances of the control strategies are compared and the simulation results show the LQG CNF fusion improves the performances in vehicle ride and handling.

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47

Hajishafieiha, Peiman. "Fuzzy Logic Controller Designing of an Active Roll Control System for Medium and Large Size Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4845.

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The roll / ride trade-off is a long-standing challenge to vehicle dynamicists. Achieving better ride performance almost inevitably leads to increased roll of the vehicle. This roll motion, mostly induced by maneuvering, leads to undesirable handling characteristics and subsequently higher risk of rollover. This paper analyses the use of an Active Roll Control (ARC) system with a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for improving the handling without sacrificing the ride comfort. The logic for reducing the roll angle of the vehicle is to have some forces exerted by linear actuators on the suspension system, depending on the velocity and steering angle of the vehicle. These forces create a moment about the roll axis which decreases the roll angle. The proposed Fuzzy logic controller is a feedback controller which outputs the correcting roll moment about the roll axis. The effects of employing such a control system are evaluated through computer simulation. Torsional stiffness of the chassis is then taken into consideration to account for unique properties of large-size vehicles. Simulation results with Fuzzy logic controller are very promising and show that the roll performance is significantly improved compared to the vehicle without ARC.

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48

Vaddi, Prashanth KR, and Cheruvu S. Kumar. "A non-linear vehicle dynamics model for accurate representation of suspension kinematics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 6 (July 8, 2014): 1002–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214542840.

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A non-linear full vehicle model for simulation of vehicle ride and handling performance is proposed. The model effectively estimates the suspension spring compressions, thus improving the accuracy of normal force calculations. This is achieved by developing models for suspension kinematics, which are then integrated with the commonly used 14 degrees of freedom vehicle dynamics models. This integrated model effectively estimates parameters like camber angles, toe angles and jacking forces, which are capable of significantly affecting the handling performance of the vehicle. The improvements in the accuracy of spring compressions help in simulating the effects of non-linear suspension elements, and the accuracy of handling simulation is enhanced by the improvements in normal force estimates. The model developed in Simulink is validated by comparing the results to that from ADAMS car.

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49

Wei, Terence, and Hans R. Dorfi. "Tire Transient Lateral Force Generation: Characterization and Contribution to Vehicle Handling Performance." Tire Science and Technology 42, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.14.420402.

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ABSTRACT Tire force generation is often described in terms of a steady-state force response, which is considered independent of time and a function of the kinematic roll conditions such as slip angle. In addition to the steady-state response, the tire also exhibits a time-dependent transient force response, which in the lateral direction is a delay in the buildup of the cornering force. This delay is often characterized by the so-called tire relaxation length (RL) (Ly), a tire performance characteristic often thought to have a strong effect on handling performance. The definition and mechanistic interpretation of tire lateral RL is discussed, and different methods for measuring and interpreting lateral RL are compared. The measurement methods include different types of flat belt as well as static stiffness measurements. Because of different levels of measurement uncertainty, the repeatability and benefits of the different measurement methods are demonstrated. To determine the effect of including tire transient response in tire/vehicle system models, a handling study was performed. The study included a series of CarSim handling simulations with tires of different transient force and moment characteristics as well as an analysis of outdoor subjective handling ratings. The results show the relatively small contribution of tire transient characteristics to vehicle handling performance compared with the tire steady-state force response.

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50

Wu, Xiaodong, and Wenqi Li. "Variable steering ratio control of steer-by-wire vehicle to improve handling performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 2-3 (May 8, 2019): 774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019848174.

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To improve vehicle handling performance, a variable steering ratio characteristic for steer-by-wire system is designed. The steering ratio is adjusted by a compensating coefficient according to vehicle longitudinal speed and steering wheel angle. To evaluate the performance of vehicle with variable steering ratio, simulations are conducted based on an objective evaluation index, which consists of quadratic cost functions of vehicle lateral deviation, steering angular speed, vehicle lateral acceleration and roll angle. By using the optimized data from the simulation results, a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neural network is designed for the steering ratio control. In order to test and validate the proposed controller, a series of comparison experiments are conducted on a closed-loop driver-vehicle system, including lemniscate curve test and double lane-change test. The results demonstrate that compared with a conventional steering system with fixed steering ratio, the proposed system can not only improve steering agility at low speed and steering stability at high speed, but also reduce driver’s workload in critical driving conditions.

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