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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Vehicle-driver interaction"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 27 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Vehicle-driver interaction"

Dargahi Nobari, Khazar, Franz Albers, Katharina Bartsch, Jan Braun, and Torsten Bertram. "Modeling driver-vehicle interaction in automated driving." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 86, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00576-6.

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AbstractIn automated vehicles, the collaboration of human drivers and automated systems plays a decisive role in road safety, driver comfort, and acceptance of automated vehicles. A successful interaction requires a precise interpretation and investigation of all influencing factors such as driver state, system state, and surroundings (e.g., traffic, weather). This contribution discusses the detailed structure of the driver-vehicle interaction, which takes into account the driving situation and the driver state to improve driver performance. The interaction rules are derived from a controller that is fed by the driver state within a loop. The regulation of the driver state continues until the target state is reached or the criticality of the situation is resolved. In addition, a driver model is proposed that represents the driver’s decision-making process during the interaction between driver and vehicle and during the transition of driving tasks. The model includes the sensory perception process, decision-making, and motor response. The decision-making process during the interaction deals with the cognitive and emotional states of the driver. Based on the proposed driver-vehicle interaction loop and the driver model, an experiment with 38 participants is performed in a driving simulator to investigate (1) if both emotional and cognitive states become active during the decision-making process and (2) what the temporal sequence of the processes is. Finally, the evidence gathered from the experiment is analyzed. The results are consistent with the suggested driver model in terms of the cognitive and emotional state of the driver during the mode change from automated system to the human driver.

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Krupenia, Stas. "Book Review: Automotive Ergonomics: Driver–Vehicle Interaction." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 23, no. 4 (October 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804615613314.

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Perterer, Nicole, Susanne Stadler, Alexander Meschtscherjakov, and Manfred Tscheligi. "Driving Together Across Vehicle." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 11, no. 2 (April 2019): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2019040104.

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Анотація:

Most research on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is technology-driven, or focused on driver-to-driver interaction. Social communication between drivers and passengers across vehicles, with the same destination, is often neglected. Communication is influenced by context and occupant behavior, and has a significant effect on the collaborative driving scenario. An exploratory in-situ study with seven groups of two driver/co-driver pairs each, located in two separate vehicles, was conducted. On a predefined route, different subtasks had to be solved in a collaborative way. The study revealed a significant influence of different social factors, such as driving behavior, and contextual factors such as weather conditions, or vehicle shape and size. Findings delivered important insights and a deeper understanding on collaborative driving that may influence future V2V communication technologies. Additionally, the collaborative driving behavior of the driver/co-driver pairs could be transferred to a multi-agent framework.

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PODOPRIGORA, N. V., and P. A. PEGIN. "SYSTEM APPROACH IN INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE «ROAD USER-VEHICLE-ROAD-EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT»." World of transport and technological machines 78, no. 3-5 (2022): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-5(78)-3-73-77.

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Анотація:

The article is devoted to the study of aspects of information interaction of the driver subsystem while driving a vehicle. The purpose of writing the paper is to publish the unified information model of interaction of the «Driver» subsystem with other subsystems of the classical «Driver-Car-Road-Environment» system proposed by the author. In the article the author analyzes the in-formation signals coming to the driver from the controlled vehicle, the road, the environment, in-cluding other participants of the road. The author builds channels of information interaction be-tween individual subsystems «Driver - Vehicle - Road – Environment». The proposed changes the author presents in the form of a unified holistic information system «Road user-Vehicle-Road-External Environment».

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Ozsoy, Burak, Xuewu Ji, James Yang, Jared Gragg, and Bradley Howard. "Simulated effect of driver and vehicle interaction on vehicle interior layout." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 49 (September 2015): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2015.05.004.

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PODOPRIGORA, N. V. "SYSTEM APPROACH IN INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE «ROAD USER-VEHICLE-ROAD-EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT»." World of transport and technological machines 77, no. 2 (2022): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-76-1-70-75.

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Анотація:

The article is devoted to the study of aspects of information interaction of the driver subsystem while driving a vehicle. The purpose of writing the paper is to publish the unified information model of interaction of the «Driver» subsystem with other subsystems of the classical «Driver-Car-Road-Environment» system proposed by the author. In the article the author analyzes the infor-mation signals coming to the driver from the controlled vehicle, the road, the environment, includ-ing other participants of the road. The author builds channels of information interaction between individual subsystems «Driver - Vehicle - Road – Environment». The proposed changes the author presents in the form of a unified holistic information system «Road user-Vehicle-Road-External Environment».The scientific novelty lies in the possibility to carry out the analysis and modeling of the in-formation exchange between the driver and other subsystems «road user - vehicle - road – envi-ronment» in order to prevent and predict road accidents.

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Graichen, Lisa, Matthias Graichen, and Josef F. Krems. "Evaluation of Gesture-Based In-Vehicle Interaction: User Experience and the Potential to Reduce Driver Distraction." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 5 (January 29, 2019): 774–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818824253.

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Objective: We observe the effects of in-vehicle system gesture-based interaction versus touch-based interaction on driver distraction and user experience. Background: Driver distraction is a major problem for traffic safety, as it is a contributing factor to a number of accidents. Visual distraction in particular has a highly negative impact on the driver. One possibility for reducing visual driver distraction is to use new forms of interaction in the vehicle, such as gesture-based interaction. Method: In this experiment, participants drove on a motorway or in a city scenario while using touch-based interaction or gesture-based interaction. Subjective data, such as acceptance and workload, and objective data, including glance behavior, were gathered. Results: As a result, participants rated their subjective impressions of safe driving as higher when using gesture-based interaction. More specifically, acceptance and attractiveness were higher, and workload was lower. The participants performed significantly fewer glances to the display and the glances were much shorter. Conclusion: Gestures are a positive alternative for in-vehicle interaction since effects on driver distraction are less significant when compared to touch-based interaction. Application: Potential application of this research includes interaction design of typical in-vehicle information and entertainment functions.

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Hanowski, Richard J., Robert J. Carroll, Walter W. Wierwille, and Rebecca L. Olson. "Light Vehicle-Heavy Vehicle Interactions: A Preliminary Assessment Using Critical Incident Analysis." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 22 (September 2002): 1844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204602214.

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Two recently completed on-road in situ data collection efforts, one involving local/short haul trucking and the other long-haul trucking, provided a large data set in which to conduct an examination of critical incidents (crashes and near-crashes) that occurred between light vehicles and heavy vehicles. Video and non-video data collected during the two studies were used to characterize critical incidents that were recorded between light vehicle and heavy vehicle drivers. Across both studies, 210 light vehicle-heavy vehicle (LV-HV) critical incidents were recorded. Of these, 78 percent were initiated by the light vehicle driver. Aggressive driving on the part of the light vehicle driver was found to be the primary contributing factor for light vehicle driver initiated incidents. For heavy vehicle driver initiated incidents, the primary contributing factor was poor driving technique. The results suggest that efforts at addressing LV-HV interaction incidents should focus on light vehicle drivers who drive aggressively. Additionally, it is recommended that heavy vehicle drivers might benefit from improved driver training that includes instruction on defensive driving.

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Stevens, A. "Safety of driver interaction with in-vehicle information systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 6 (June 2000): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407001527501.

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Damiani, Sergio, Enrica Deregibus, and Luisa Andreone. "Driver-vehicle interfaces and interaction: where are they going?" European Transport Research Review 1, no. 2 (May 13, 2009): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12544-009-0009-2.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Vehicle-driver interaction"

Park, Shinsuk 1966. "Driver-vehicle interaction in braking." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9421.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-86).
While antilock brake systems (ABS) have become more and more popular with the public, statistics reports imply that ABS-equipped cars have no advantage over non-ABS-equipped cars in reducing fatal accidents. While the brake pedal needs to be pushed down (full-brake) to activate the ABS, many drivers on ABS-equipped cars fail to do this simple maneuver, reducing the effectiveness of ABS and even contributing to some accidents. Because of such behavior on the driver's part, the major feature of this brake assistance system is often ineffective. The goal of this thesis is to design brake systems that provide intuitive brake control and proper braking performance information for the driver. As a preliminary study in brake system design, the characteristics of human leg motion and its underlying motor control scheme were studied through experiments and simulations. Automotive brake systems were modeled as a type of master-slave tele-manipulator. Human force-displacement interaction at the master end (the brake pedal) has a strong effect on the system's ability to control the operations at the slave end (the braking performance). By providing drivers with "force feel" at the brake pedal, they can obtain information about braking conditions or performance. This thesis developed novel brake systems based on two new aspects. First, the mechanical impedance characteristics of the leg action of the driver were taken into consideration in designing the brake systems. Second, the brake systems provide the driver with kinesthetic feedback of braking conditions or performance. Since the effectiveness of brake systems needs to be examined as a combined driver-vehicle system, driving simulations were used to investigate the performance of the proposed designs.
by Shinsuk Park.
Ph.D.

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Löfgren, Pär. "Identification of Driver Unawareness based on User Interaction." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8761.

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Анотація:

In new cars of today there are several electronically controlled systems that seek to aid the driver and make the journey as safe as possible. This include not only systems that directly control the vehicle such as ABS and ESP, but also systems that might make driving easier such as navigation systems, cruise control and even seat adjustments.

It is important that the effects on the driver from the use of such systems do not lead to an environment that diverts the attention of the driver from the main task, i.e. driving safely.

In this thesis a possible way of modeling the driver distractedness level due to the operation of these systems is discussed. This is done in Simulink with vehicle CAN data as inputs. An expert field test is done with 6 drivers over 18 trial runs with 31 secondary tasks on a highway. Two criteria are used to measure the distractedness, one objective based on the attributes of an element and one subjective, based on the use of the elements while driving during the trials. A lane monitoring system is evaluated and the offset from the lane center over time is used as an external criteria to the distractedness level. There is however no significant correlation between the external criteria and the subjective distractedness level.

The results of the subjective distractedness level are used in the model and possible future extensions to it are discussed.

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Nash, Christopher James. "Measurement and modelling of human sensory feedback in car driving." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270641.

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With the growing complexity of vehicle control systems it is becoming increasingly important to understand the interaction between drivers and vehicles. Existing driver models do not adequately characterise limitations resulting from drivers’ physical systems. In particular, sensory dynamics limit the ability of drivers to perceive the states of real or simulated vehicles. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to understand the impact of sensory dynamics on the control performance of a human driver in real and virtual environments. A new model of driver steering control is developed based on optimal control and state estimation theory, incorporating models of sensory dynamics, delays and noise. Some results are taken from published literature, however recent studies have shown that sensory delays and noise amplitudes may increase during an active control task such as driving. Therefore, a parameter identification procedure is used to fit the model predictions to measured steering responses of real drivers in a simulator. The model is found to fit measured results well under a variety of conditions. An initial experiment is designed with the physical motion of the simulator matching the motion of the virtual vehicle at full scale. However, during more realistic manoeuvres the physical motion must be scaled or filtered, introducing conflicts between measurements from different sensory systems. Drivers are found to adapt to simple conflicts such as scaled motion, but they have difficulty adapting to more complicated motion filters. The driver model is initially derived for linear vehicles with stochastic target and disturbance signals. In later chapters it is extended to account for transient targets and disturbances and vehicles with nonlinear tyres, and validated once again with experimental results. A series of simulations is used to demonstrate novel insights into how drivers use sensory information, and the resulting impact on control performance. The new model is also shown to predict difficulties real drivers have controlling unstable vehicles more reliably than existing driver models.

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Erséus, Andreas. "Driver-Vehicle Interaction : Identification, Characterization and Modelling of Path Tracking Skill." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13209.

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Since the dawn of the automobile, driver behaviour has been an issue. Driving can result in accidents that may harm not only the driver but also passengers and the surroundings. This calls for measures that restrict the usage of vehicles and to assist the individual driver to conduct the driving in a safe, yet practically efficient manner. The vehicles should therefore be both safe and intuitive, and preferably answer to thedifferent needs of all kinds of drivers. Driving skill can be defined in many ways, depending on the objective of the driving task, but answer in some way to the question of how well the driver can conduct the driving task. To assist low skill drivers without compromising the driving demand for high skill drivers, it is of highest importance that vehicles are tested and designed to meet those needs. This includes both the testing activities in the vehicle design phase in general but also the configuration for active systems and preventive safety, preferable with settings that adapts to the skill of the individual driver. The work here comprises the definition of skill and of driver recruitment procedures, scenario design, the development of an analysis method for objective measures, and the gathering of metrics to characterize the driver skill. Moreover, a driver model has been developed that makes use of driver skill characteristics. To gather the information needed, extensive multidisciplinary literature studies were conducted, as well as using field tests and test using an advanced moving base driving simulator. Here the focus is on path tracking skill, which is the main control aspect of driving, although the developed driving scenarios allow a varying degree of path planning, which is more related to regulation. The first simulator test was done with a very simple criterion fordriver selection, but the results gave a good insight into the variation between drivers ingeneral. For the following tests the recruitment procedure was refined to find drivers with high or low vehicle control and regulation skill, a recruitment that also was verified to really represent two different populations. A method was defined that successfully identified sets of skill-related measures, with some variation in composition depending on the path tracking demand on the driver. Int he curving road scenario, for example, the highest number of skill-related measures is identified in the curves, which is reasonable since the straight segments do not require the same amount of active control from the drivers. The driver model developed uses a quasi-static analytical description of the driver knowledge of the vehicle dynamics, but possesses the capability of nonlinear descriptions. The parameters in this model are mainly physical properties that easily can be related to the driving process. Metrics gathered are used for identification of the driver model setup for a double lane change scenario using an optimization routine, with adjusted parameter settings for different velocities. With a subjective comparison of the recorded driving simulator data, the method is verified to enable driver skill settings for driver models. In addition, the method allows metrics to be gathered for driver skill identification routines, meeting the defined objectives of the project.
QC20100701

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Lundin, Maria, and Lena Kanstrup. "Method for detection of sleepiness : - measurement of interaction between driver and vehicle." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7714.

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Анотація:

As more and more people conduct vigilance-based activities at times other than the traditional daytime work hours, the time utilization will continue to escalate in the next century and will further increase the risks of sleepiness-related accidents.

This project, which is commissioned by Scania CV AB, is to nvestigate the potential of a method for sleepiness detection belonging to esium AB. Our objective is to examine whether Scania CV AB should continue with the investigation of the patent method, and in that case, which patent parameters, that indicate sleepiness, should be more closely inquired. The purpose with the method of patent is to discover a sleepy driving behaviour. This method is based on the interaction that appears between the driver and the vehicle. The interaction consists of small spontaneous corrections with the steering wheel that in this report is called micro communication. How well the interaction is functioning can be measured in degree of interaction, which shows how well the driver and the truck interact with each other. The interaction between the driver and the vehicle is in this report looked upon as answers and questions with a certain reaction time, which appears with a certain answered question frequency. The differences in the signal’s amplitudes are measured in variation in amplitudes.

Experiments to collect relevant signals have to be conducted in order to investigate the potential with the method of the patent. It is eligible to collect data from a person falling asleep, which implies experiments conducted in a simulator. The experiments are executed in

a simulator, one test when they are alert and one when they are sleep deprived. Tests are also executed in a Scania truck. The purpose with these experiments is to collect data of the subject’s normal driving pattern in a truck and to investigate if it is possible to obtain

acceptable data in a truck.

The sleepiness experiments have indicated that the micro communication takes place in a frequency range of 0.25 to 6.0 Hz. The variables that have been found to detect sleepiness with high reliability are the reaction time and the degree of interaction presented in spectra.

The validation experiments have shown it is possible to collect exact and accurate data from the lateral acceleration and the steering wheel torque. But, there is more noise in the signals from truck then there is in the signals from the simulator.

This method for sleepiness detection has, according to the authors, a great potential. However, more experiments have to be conducted. The authors suggest further sleepiness experiments only conducted during night time. The subjects are sufficiently alert in the beginning of the test to receive data from normal driving behaviour. Physiological measurement could be interesting to have by the side of the subjective assessments as an additional base for comparison.

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Stoltz-Sundnes, Max. "STPA-Inspired Safety Analysis of Driver-Vehicle Interaction in Cooperative Driving Automation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263933.

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Autonomous vehicles occupying public roads are becoming a reality, and the addition of cooperative functionality open up new possibilities to ensure safer and more efficient traffic solutions than today’s manual drivers ever could. However, in order to implement these systems, they need to be proven safe. This thesis focuses on cooperative driving and the human-machine interaction of autonomous vehicles in order to provide safety analyses. The research is based on a case study of KTH’s participation in the 2016 GCDC competition for autonomous cooperative vehicles, where their performance in three real-life inspired traffic situations was measured. The functional safety of the necessary added cooperative driving functionality is assessed using the, in the automotive industry relatively new, method of Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) resulting in a number of system level safety constraints. The analysis concluded a lacking development in HMI-related aspects, and the item under analysis is enhanced in all driver-vehicle interaction aspects. This development introduces a direction for visual aspects and two new driver-centric hazards of mode confusion and unfair transitions, risking the vehicle being left uncontrolled or thought to be controlled by both autonomous systems and the driver simultaneously. A suggested input sequence to ensure a safe transition between autonomous and manual states is also included. The enhanced item, resulting in new possibilities of driver-vehicle interaction, was then analysed; comparing STPA with a new method introduced for safe mode switching in autonomous vehicles to identify HMIrelated hazards. The results concluded accidental input or faulty inputs from the driver as the main threat towards mode confusion. These would often be caused by malfunctioning controls for mode transition or faulty indications on the dashboard.
Autonoma fordon på allmänna vägar blir verklighet och genom kooperativ funktionalitet öppnas nya möjligheter för att hitta säkrare och effektivare trafiklösningar än dagens förare har möjlighet till men för att tillåta dessa system måste de kunna bevisas säkra. Denna avhandling fokuserar på säkerhetsanalys av kooperativ körning och människa/maskininteraktion i autonoma fordon. Forskningen bygger på en fallstudie av KTH:s deltagande i en tävling där autonoma kooperativa fordon kör i tre verklighetsinspirerade trafiksituationer (GCDC 2016). Funktionssäkerheten hos den kooperativa körnings-funktionaliteten bedöms med hjälp av den nya metoden Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) vilket resulterade i ett antal säkerhetsbegränsningar på systemnivå. Analysen visade att utveckling i HMI-relaterade aspekter saknades och modulen som analyserats krävde fortsatt arbete. Under denna utveckling införs visuella aspekter, nya förarcentrerade risker i form av förvirring kring föraransvar och orättvisa övergångar samt en strategi för säker övergång mellan autonoma och manuella tillstånd. Den vidareutvecklade modulen, som resulterade i nya interaktions-möjligheter mellan förare och fordon, analyserades och STPA jämfördes med en ny metod utvecklad för säker läges-växling i autonoma fordon för att identifiera och kvantifiera HMI-relaterade risker. Resultaten visade att oavsiktlig inmatning eller felaktiga inmatningar från föraren innebar störst hot för förvirring, dvs risken för att antingen både fordon och förare eller ingen av dem tror sig ha ansvar för framfarten av fordonet.

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Schnelle, Scott C. "Development of Personalized Lateral and Longitudinal Driver Behavior Models for Optimal Human-Vehicle Interactive Control." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480362246357462.

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Cocron, Peter. "Regenerative braking and low vehicle noise of electric vehicles – implications for the driver." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-155303.

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Анотація:

Die dauerhafte Reduktion der von Menschen verursachten Emissionen ist eine der zentralen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Eine Strategie zur Reduzierung von Emissionen im Mobilitätssektor sind elektrisch betriebene Fahrzeuge, die je nach Typ teilweise oder vollständig mit Strom angetrieben werden. Für die Verkehrspsychologie stellt sich nun die Frage, ob und wie schnell sich Fahrer an die Nutzung von Elektrofahrzeugen gewöhnen und welche Herausforderungen sich aus Nutzersicht ergeben. Anhand von Studien mit vollelektrischen Fahrzeugen wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zwei grundlegende Eigenschaften von Elektrofahrzeugen aus psychologischer Perspektive untersucht: Zum einen verfügen Elektrofahrzeuge über eine Rekuperationsfunktion, mit der es möglich ist, in Verzögerungsvorgängen kinetische in elektrische Energie umzuwandeln, also Energie rückzugewinnen und damit letztlich die Emissionen zu reduzieren. Zum anderen beschränkt sich die mögliche Emissionsreduktion von Elektrofahrzeugen nicht nur auf den CO2-Ausstoß, sondern betrifft auch die Geräuschentwicklung dieser Fahrzeuge. Fahrzeuge mit Elektroantrieb emittieren weniger Geräusche, was einerseits die Lärmbelastung durch Straßenverkehr reduzieren kann, zum anderen aber auch zu Bedenken z.B. blinder Verkehrsteilnehmer geführt hat. Gerade bei geringen Geschwindigkeiten sind Elektrofahrzeuge schlechter wahrnehmbar und dadurch eine potentielle Gefahr für andere Verkehrsteilnehmer. Das erste Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation bestand darin, die Auswirkungen einer über das Gaspedal gesteuerten Rekuperation aus verkehrspsychologischer Perspektive zu untersuchen. Die zur Nutzung der Rekuperation nötigen motorischen Fertigkeiten müssen erlernt und in unterschiedlichen Verkehrssituationen angewandt werden. Basierend auf dem Power Law of Practice (Newell & Rosenbloom, 1981) wurde der Fertigkeitserwerb bei der Nutzung der Rekuperationsfunktion eingehend betrachtet. Anhand von Fahrzeugdaten lassen sich eine sehr steile Lernkurve und damit ein kurzer Adaptationsprozess zeigen, der mit einer Powerfunktion beschrieben werden kann. Bereits innerhalb der ersten gefahrenen Kilometer nehmen die Anzahl der konventionellen Bremsmanöver und ihr zeitlicher Anteil an der gesamten Verzögerung rapide ab. Das zweite Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war, die Auswirkungen der geringeren Geräuschemission auf das Verkehrsgeschehen zu prüfen. Dies erfolgte jedoch nicht, wie in anderen Studien bereits dargestellt, aus Fußgängerperspektive, sondern aus der Fahrerperspektive. Da die Fahrer gerade in der Anfangsphase eine zentrale Rolle bei der Entschärfung geräuschbedingter kritischer Situationen spielen, soll die Arbeit dazu beitragen, diese Forschungslücke zu schließen, um eine umfassendere Bewertung der Geräuschthematik bei Elektrofahrzeugen zu ermöglichen. In Anlehnung an Deerys (1999) Modell zu Fahrerreaktionen auf potentielle Gefahren, wurden Risikowahrnehmung (risk perception) und Gefahrenwahrnehmung (hazard perception) als entscheidende Determinanten der Fahrerreaktion auf geräuschbedingte Gefahrensituationen identifiziert. Was die Risikowahrnehmung betrifft, so konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese sich mit zunehmender Erfahrung verändert. Risiken aufgrund der Geräuscharmut werden als weniger bedrohlich, das leise Fahren zunehmend als Beitrag zum Komfort gewertet. Zusätzlich wurden im Rahmen der Dissertation Situationen im Straßenverkehr näher untersucht, die aufgrund der Geräuscharmut von Elektrofahrzeugen auftraten. Darauf aufbauend wurde ein Katalog von geräuschbedingten Szenarien erstellt, der als empirische Grundlage für die nähere Betrachtung der Gefahrenwahrnehmung von Fahrern diente. Ergebnisse daraus resultierender Experimente zur Detektion von geräuschbedingten Gefahren (hazard detection tasks) zeigten, dass die individuelle Erfahrung mit Elektrofahrzeugen offenbar lediglich eine untergeordnete Rolle bei der Erkennung und Reaktion auf geräuschbedingte Gefahren spielt. Erfahrene Fahrer von Elektrofahrzeugen unterschieden sich nur marginal von unerfahrenen Fahrern in der Reaktion in und der Bewertung von geräuschbedingten Gefahrensituationen, was darauf hindeutet, dass geräuschbedingte Gefahrensituationen auch von Fahrern ohne extensive Erfahrung mit Elektrofahrzeugen bewältigt werden können. Das dritte, übergreifende Ziel der Dissertation bestand darin, die Bedeutung beider Eigenschaften für die Nutzerakzeptanz zu untersuchen. Neben der Untersuchung momentan existierender Barrieren (z.B. Reichweite, Preis, Batterielebensdauer), die eine weitreichende Adoption von Elektrofahrzeugen erschweren können, ist es ebenso wichtig, solche Eigenschaften zu identifizieren, die sich positiv auf das Nutzererleben auswirken. Sowohl die Rekuperation, als auch die Geräuscharmut spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Nutzerbewertung, da beide Eigenschaften als zentrale, individuell erlebbbare Vorteile von Elektrofahrzeugen beurteilt werden. Im Hinblick auf die Geräuschemission lässt sich konstatieren, dass diese mit zunehmender Erfahrung des Fahrers fast ausschließlich als Vorteil statt als Barriere von Elektrofahrzeugen gewertet wird. Eine bemerkbare, über das Gaspedal gesteuerte Rekuperation scheint als Teil des Fahrererlebens ebenfalls eine zentrale Rolle in der Bewertung zu spielen. Ein hohes Maß an Nutzerakzeptanz und Vertrauen in das System unterstreichen die positive Evaluation einer solchen Funktionalität. Aus verkehrspsychologischer Sicht haben die angeführten Eigenschaften von Elektrofahrzeugen Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Teilaufgaben der Fahrzeugführung. So sind nicht nur motorische Fertigkeiten in der Pedalnutzung (Stabilisierungsbene) erforderlich, sondern auch komplexere kognitive Prozesse, wie z.B. der Umgang mit möglichen Gefahrensituationen aufgrund der geringen Geräuschemission (Bahnführungsebene). Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse der Dissertation darauf hin, dass Herausforderungen aufgrund beider oben genannten Fahrzeugeigenschaften gemeistert werden können. Zusätzlich zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass beide Eigenschaften von den Nutzern als willkommene Aspekte der technologischen Innovation geschätzt werden und somit zur allgemeinen Akzeptanz von Elektrofahrzeugen beitragen können. Da auch andere Fahrzeugkonzepte mit elektrischem Antriebsstrang diese beiden Eigenschaften aufweisen, lassen sich die gefundenen Ergebnisse auf andere Fahrzeugtypen übertragen.

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Pagliarecci, Nico. "On the understanding of the vehicle-driver interaction using the objectification of subjective assessment : application to the tire development process." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MULH4104.

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Le pneu est fortement impliqué dans les performances d'un véhicule. La consommation de carburant du véhicule (résistance au roulement, aérodynamisme), le bruit, le confort, la tenue de route et la sécurité sont liés au pneumatique choisi. En utilisant des mesures objectives, il est possible de prédire certaines de ces caractéristiques, mais pour d'autres comme la manipulation, nous ne pouvons pas vraiment prédire l'évaluation subjective faite par des pilotes d'essai expérimentés. La méthodologie essai/erreur est parfois appliquée pour identifier le potentiel des pneus et évaluer les performances des pneus en fonction de conceptions et de caractéristiques mécaniques spécifiques.Aujourd'hui, dans l'industrie automobile, l'évaluation des performances de conduite des véhicules et des pneus est encore largement réalisée sur une base subjective par des conducteurs d'essai expérimentés. Ceci est justifié par le fait que la perception par les clients des performances du véhicule est également subjective et qu'aucune relation fiable n'a été trouvée pour relier les mesures objectives des performances à la perception humaine des performances.Une revue de littérature approfondie sur l'objectivation de l'évaluation subjective, l'interaction véhicule-conducteur, la simulation de la dynamique du véhicule et l'analyse de données multivariée exploratoire ainsi que les tests d'hypothèses statistiques est la première étape de la recherche visant à étudier les méthodologies, l'analyse des données et les outils statistiques. utilisé par d'autres chercheurs.Sur la base de la revue de la littérature, la thèse propose une méthodologie qui permet de traduire des évaluations subjectives en métriques objectives (environnement véhicule ainsi qu'environnement véhicule-pneu) permettant la prédiction du résultat d'un test subjectif en utilisant des mesures objectives conduisant à une réduction de les itérations au cours du processus de développement du pneu. Le choix de la complexité du modèle de dynamique du véhicule le plus pertinent décrit les principales caractéristiques mécaniques du pneu affectant les performances de tenue de route et leur effet sur les métriques objectives d'intérêt.Des manœuvres expérimentales spécifiques de la dynamique du véhicule ont été sélectionnées pour cette étude dans le but de dévoiler la complexité de l'évaluation subjective de la maniabilité sans être simpliste et en prêtant attention à l'interconnexion des différentes variables et à leur interaction avec les facteurs contextuels.Dans le cadre de l'étude de corrélation mentionnée ci-dessus, le rôle du conducteur dans le système conducteur-véhicule est étudié. Les résultats présentés montrent qu'avec la méthodologie choisie, il est possible de mieux comprendre la stratégie de test du conducteur en identifiant les principales réponses du véhicule affectant toutes les étapes de l'évaluation subjective.Pour approfondir et renforcer la compréhension du rôle du conducteur, deux études de panel impliquant des conducteurs professionnels et non professionnels ont été réalisées. Celles-ci ont permis l'étude et l'analyse de l'interaction véhicule-conducteur en termes de proprioception et de vision, d'influences audiovisuelles et de séquelles en mouvement
The tire is heavily involved in the performance of a vehicle. Vehicle's fuel consumption (rolling resistance, aerodynamics), noise, comfort, handling and safety are related to the tire chosen. By using objective measurements, it is possible to predict some of those features but for some others like handling we cannot really predict the subjective evaluation made by experienced test drivers. Trial/error methodology is sometimes applied to identify tire potential and to gauge the tire performance related to specific designs and mechanical characteristics.Today, in the automotive industry, the evaluation of vehicle and tire handling performance is still largely performed on a subjective basis by experienced test drivers. This is justified by the fact that customer perception of vehicle performance is also made subjectively and, no reliable relationship has been found to relate objective performance measures to the human perception of performance.An extensive literature review on the objectification of subjective assessment, the vehicle-driver interaction, the vehicle dynamics simulation and the explorative multivariate data analysis as well as statistical hypothesis testing is the first research step aimed to investigate the methodologies, the data analytics and statistical tools used by other researchers.Based on the literature review, the thesis proposes a methodology that allows to translate subjective evaluations into objective metrics (vehicle environment as well as vehicle-tire environment) enabling the prediction of the outcome of a subjective test by using objective measurements leading to a reduction of the iterations during the tire development process. The choice of the most relevant vehicle dynamics model’s complexity depicts the main tire mechanical features affecting the handling performance and their effect on the objective metrics of interest. Specific experimental vehicle dynamics maneuvers have been selected for this study with the aim of unpacking the complexity of the subjective handling assessment without being simplistic and paying attention to interconnectedness of the different variables and their interplay with contextual factors.In the frame of the above-mentioned correlation study, the role of the driver in the driver-vehicle system is investigated. The results presented show that, with the chosen methodology, it is possible to gain insights on the driver’s testing strategy identifying the main vehicle responses affecting all the stages of the subjective evaluation. To deepen and strengthen the understanding of the driver’s role, two panel studies involving professional and non-professional drivers have been carried out. Those allowed the study and analysis of the vehicle-driver interaction in terms of proprioception and vision, audio-visual influences and aftereffects in motion

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Wanner, Daniel. "Controlling over-actuated road vehicles during failure conditions." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166819.

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The aim of electrification of chassis and driveline systems in road vehicles is to reduce the global emissions and their impact on the environment. The electrification of such systems in vehicles is enabling a whole new set of functionalities improving safety, handling and comfort for the user. This trend is leading to an increased number of elements in road vehicles such as additional sensors, actuators and software codes. As a result, the complexity of vehicle components and subsystems is rising and has to be handled during operation. Hence, the probability of potential faults that can lead to component or subsystem failures deteriorating the dynamic behaviour of road vehicles is becoming higher. Mechanical, electric, electronic or software faults can cause these failures independently or by mutually influencing each other, thereby leading to potentially critical traffic situations or even accidents. There is a need to analyse faults regarding their influence on the dynamic behaviour of road vehicles and to investigate their effect on the driver-vehicle interaction and to find new control strategies for fault handling. A structured method for the classification of faults regarding their influence on the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of a road vehicle is proposed. To evaluate this method, a broad failure mode and effect analysis was performed to identify and model relevant faults that have an effect on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. This fault classification method identifies the level of controllability, i.e. how easy or difficult it is for the driver and the vehicle control system to correct the disturbance on the vehicle behaviour caused by the fault. Fault-tolerant control strategies are suggested which can handle faults with a critical controllability level in order to maintain the directional stability of the vehicle. Based on the principle of control allocation, three fault-tolerant control strategies are proposed and have been evaluated in an electric vehicle with typical faults. It is shown that the control allocation strategies give a less critical trajectory deviation compared to an uncontrolled vehicle and a regular electronic stability control algorithm. An experimental validation confirmed the potential of this type of fault handling using one of the proposed control allocation strategies. Driver-vehicle interaction has been experimentally analysed during various failure conditions with typical faults of an electric driveline both at urban and motorway speeds. The driver reactions to the failure conditions were analysed and the extent to which the drivers could handle a fault were investigated. The drivers as such proved to be capable controllers by compensating for the occurring failures in time when they were prepared for the eventuality of a failure. Based on the experimental data, a failure-sensitive driver model has been developed and evaluated for different failure conditions. The suggested fault classification method was further verified with the conducted experimental studies. The interaction between drivers and a fault-tolerant control system with the occurrence of a fault that affects the vehicle dynamic stability was investigated further. The control allocation strategy has a positive influence on maintaining the intended path and the vehicle stability, and supports the driver by reducing the necessary corrective steering effort. This fault-tolerant control strategy has shown promising results and its potential for improving traffic safety.

QC 20150520

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Книги з теми "Vehicle-driver interaction"

Automotive ergonomics: Driver-vehicle interaction. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2013.

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C, Cacciabue Pietro, ed. Modelling driver behaviour in automotive environments: Critical issues in driver interactions with intelligent transport systems. London: Springer, 2007.

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Gkikas, Nikolaos. Automotive Ergonomics: Driver-Vehicle Interaction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Gkikas, Nikolaos. Automotive Ergonomics: Driver-Vehicle Interaction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Gkikas, Nikolaos. Automotive Ergonomics: Driver-Vehicle Interaction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Gkikas, Nikolaos. Automotive Ergonomics: Driver-Vehicle Interaction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Enhanced Social Interaction in Traffic. Not Avail, 2005.

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Cacciabue, P. Carlo. Modelling Driver Behaviour in Automotive Environments: Critical Issues in Driver Interactions with Intelligent Transport Systems. Springer, 2007.

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Частини книг з теми "Vehicle-driver interaction"

Green, Paul A. "Motor Vehicle Driver Interfaces." In The Wiley Handbook of Human Computer Interaction, 843–88. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118976005.ch40.

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Verma, Indresh, Susmita Nath, and Sougata Karmakar. "Research in Driver–Vehicle Interaction: Indian Scenario." In Ergonomics in Caring for People, 353–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4980-4_43.

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Grimm, Petra, and Julia Maria Mönig. "Ethical Recommendations for Cooperative Driver-Vehicle Interaction—Guidelines for Highly Automated Driving." In Human–Computer Interaction Series, 213–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45131-8_4.

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Stanton, Neville A., James W. H. Brown, Kirsten M. A. Revell, Jediah R. Clark, Joy Richardson, Patrick Langdon, Michael Bradley, Nermin Caber, Lee Skrypchuk, and Simon Thompson. "Modelling Automation–Human Driver Interactions in Vehicle Takeovers Using OESDs." In Designing Interaction and Interfaces for Automated Vehicles, 299–320. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003050841-19.

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Dargahi Nobari, Khazar, Franz Albers, Katharina Bartsch, and Torsten Bertram. "Online Feedback Control for Driver-Vehicle Interaction in Automated Driving." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 159–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50943-9_21.

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Walch, Marcel, Kristin Mühl, Johannes Kraus, Tanja Stoll, Martin Baumann, and Michael Weber. "From Car-Driver-Handovers to Cooperative Interfaces: Visions for Driver–Vehicle Interaction in Automated Driving." In Automotive User Interfaces, 273–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49448-7_10.

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Wawage, Pawan, and Yogesh Deshpande. "Pilot Implementation for Driver Behaviour Classification Using Smartphone Sensor Data for Driver-Vehicle Interaction Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 412–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98388-8_37.

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Kashevnik, Alexey, Igor Lashkov, Dmitry Ryumin, and Alexey Karpov. "Smartphone-Based Driver Support in Vehicle Cabin: Human-Computer Interaction Interface." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 129–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26118-4_13.

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Brown, James W. H., Kirsten M. A. Revell, Joy Richardson, Jisun Kim, Nermin Caber, Patrick Langdon, Michael Bradley, Simon Thompson, Lee Skrypchuk, and Neville A. Stanton. "Can Allowing Interface Customisation Increase Driver Confidence and Safety Levels in Automated Vehicle TORs?" In Designing Interaction and Interfaces for Automated Vehicles, 345–82. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003050841-22.

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Lashkov, Igor, and Alexey Kashevnik. "Human–Computer Interaction Interface for Driver Suspicious Action Analysis in Vehicle Cabin." In Advances in Data Science and Information Engineering, 787–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71704-9_57.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Vehicle-driver interaction"

Sezgin, Tevfik Metin, Ian Davies, and Peter Robinson. "Multimodal inference for driver-vehicle interaction." In the 2009 international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1647314.1647348.

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Allen, R. Wade, Theodore J. Rosenthal, and Jeffrey R. Hogue. "Modeling and Simulation of Driver/Vehicle Interaction." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/960177.

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Kim, Kyongho, HyunKyun Choi, and Byungtae Jang. "Design of the Driver-Adaptive Vehicle Interaction System." In 2018 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2018.8539526.

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Allen, R. Wade, Henry T. Szostak, and Theodore J. Rosenthal. "Analysis and Computer Simulation of Driver/Vehicle Interaction." In SAE Government Industry Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/871086.

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Sidhu, Anmol, Dennis A. Guenther, Ron A. Bixel, and Gary J. Heydinger. "Vehicle to Vehicle Interaction Maneuvers Choreographed with an Automated Test Driver." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0440.

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Bordegoni, Monica, Marina Carulli, and Yuan Shi. "Investigating the Use of Smell in Vehicle-Driver Interaction." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60541.

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Every year approximately more than one million people die on world’s road. Human factors are the largest contributing factors to the traffic crashes and fatality, and recent researches have identified drivers’ cognitive aspect as the major cause of human errors in 80% of crash events. Thus, the development of countermeasures to manage drivers’ cognitive aspect is an important challenge to address. Driver-Assistance Systems have been developed and integrated into vehicles to acquire data about the environment and the driver, and to communicate information to the driver, usually via the senses of vision and hearing. Unfortunately, these senses are already subjected to high demands, and the visual and auditory stimuli can be underestimate or considered as annoying. However, other sensory channels could be used to elicit the drivers’ cognitive aspect. In particular, smell can impact on various aspects of humans’ psychological state, such as people’s attention level, and can induce activation states in people. The research presented in this paper aims at investigating whether olfactory stimuli, instead of auditory ones, can be used to influence the cognitive aspect of the drivers. For this purpose, an experimental framework has been set up and experimental testing sessions have been performed. The experimental framework is a multisensory environment consisting of an active stereo-projector and a screen used for displaying a video that reproduces a very monotonous car trip, a seating-buck for simulating the car environment, a wearable Olfactory Display, in-ear earphones and the BioGraph Infiniti system for acquiring the subjects’ physiological data. The analysis of the data collected in the testing sessions shows that, in comparison to the relaxation state, olfactory stimuli are effective in increasing subjects’ attention level more than the auditory ones.

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Champoux, B. "A mode of interaction for driver vehicle interface (DVI)." In IEEE Proceedings. Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2005.1505202.

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Chen, Liang-kuang, and Sheng-yung Hsu. "Investigation of Driver-Controller Interaction in Vehicle Rollover Prevention." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2006.384530.

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Choi, Jongwoo, Hye Sun Park, Yoonsook Hwang, and Kyong-Ho Kim. "Exhibition Speaker: Driver-Oriented Intelligent Human-Vehicle Interaction System." In 2012 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation (ISMS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isms.2012.149.

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Dong, Yichen, Sakura Akahoshi, Jieun Lee, Yuchi Saito, and Itoh Makoto. "Modeling user requirements for driver-vehicle interaction system in China." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001917.

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The purpose of the study was to develop a user requirement model aiming to obtain the critical attitudes of drivers to a driver-vehicle interaction system in China. An online survey with a questionnaire based on the proposed model was conducted. Six clusters were identified through Exploratory Factor Analysis, and five clusters showed high reliability and validity. The result of the survey indicated that the designed model was usable, and the current study provided a new model of user requirements for designing driver-vehicle interaction. This finding gives insights into developing a guideline for automobile manufacturers to user requirements’ survey.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Vehicle-driver interaction"

Fang, Chen. Unsettled Issues in Vehicle Autonomy, Artificial Intelligence, and Human-Machine Interaction. SAE International, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021010.

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Artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions are slowly making their way into our daily lives, integrating with our processes to enhance our lifestyles. This is major a technological component regarding the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, as of today, no existing, consumer ready AV design has reached SAE Level 5 automation or fully integrates with the driver. Unsettled Issues in Vehicle Autonomy, AI and Human-Machine Interaction discusses vital issues related to AV interface design, diving into speech interaction, emotion detection and regulation, and driver trust. For each of these aspects, the report presents the current state of research and development, challenges, and solutions worth exploring.

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Dahal, Sachindra, and Jeffery Roesler. Passive Sensing of Electromagnetic Signature of Roadway Material for Lateral Positioning of Vehicle. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-039.

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Autonomous vehicles (AV) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) offer multiple safety benefits for drivers and road agencies. However, maintaining the lateral position of an AV or a vehicle with ADAS within a lane is a challenge, especially in adverse weather conditions when lane markings are occluded. For significant penetration of AV without compromising safety, vehicle-to-infrastructure sensing capabilities are necessary, especially during severe weather conditions. This research proposes a method to create a continuous electromagnetic (EM) signature on the roadway, using materials compatible with existing paving materials and construction methods. Laboratory testing of the proposed concept was performed on notched concrete-slab specimens and concrete prisms containing EM materials. An induction-based eddy-current sensor and magnetometers were implemented to detect the EM signature. The detected signals were compared to evaluate the effects of sensor height above the concrete surface, type of EM materials, EM-material volume, material shape, and volume of EM concrete prisms. A layer of up to 2 in. (5.1 cm) of water, ice, snow, or sand was placed between the sensor and the concrete slab to represent adverse weather conditions. Results showed that factors such as sensor height, EM-material volume, EM dosage, types of the EM material, and shape of the EM material in the prism were significant attenuators of the EM signal and must be engineered properly. Presence of adverse surface conditions had a negligible effect, as compared to normal conditions, indicating robustness of the presented method. This study proposes a promising method to complement existing sensors’ limitations in AVs and ADAS for effective lane-keeping during normal and adverse weather conditions with the help of vehicle-to-pavement interaction.

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Razdan, Rahul. Unsettled Topics Concerning Human and Autonomous Vehicle Interaction. SAE International, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020025.

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This report examines the current interaction points between humans and autonomous systems, with a particular focus on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), the requirements for human-machine interfaces as imposed by human perception, and finally, the progress being made to close the gap. Autonomous technology has the potential to benefit personal transportation, last-mile delivery, logistics, and many other mobility applications enormously. In many of these applications, the mobility infrastructure is a shared resource in which all the players must cooperate. In fact, the driving task has been described as a “tango” where we—as humans—cooperate naturally to enable a robust transportation system. Can autonomous systems participate in this tango? Does that even make sense? And if so, how do we make it happen?

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