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Статті в журналах з теми "Vecteur Autorégressif"
Dufour, Jean-Marie, and Malika Neifar. "Méthodes d’inférence exactes pour des processus autorégressifs : une approche fondée sur des tests induits." Articles 78, no. 1 (March 11, 2004): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007243ar.
Повний текст джерелаDufour, Jean-Marie, and Malika Neifar. "Méthodes d’inférence exactes pour un modèle de régression avec erreurs AR(2) gaussiennes." Articles 80, no. 4 (January 26, 2006): 593–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012129ar.
Повний текст джерелаSmith, Herbert L. "Application de l’analyse des séries chronologiques à la projection d’effectifs de population scolaire par la méthode des composantes." Articles 38, no. 1 (June 16, 2010): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039991ar.
Повний текст джерелаTchouassi, Gérard, and Thomas Gahamanyi Niyonzima. "Effet de dynamique des prix et participation des pays Africains aux chaines de valeurs mondiales." Revue Management & Innovation N° 9, no. 3 (March 26, 2024): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rmi.209.0165.
Повний текст джерелаRheault, Ludovic. "Corporate Lobbying and Immigration Policies in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 46, no. 3 (August 28, 2013): 691–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423913000644.
Повний текст джерелаBensafta, Kamel Malik, and Gervasio Semedo. "De la transmission de la volatilité à la contagion entre marchés boursiers : l’éclairage d’un modèle VAR non linéaire avec bris structurels en variance." Articles 85, no. 1 (May 18, 2010): 13–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039734ar.
Повний текст джерелаDufour, Jean-Marie, and David Tessier. "La causalité entre la monnaie et le revenu : une analyse fondée sur un modèle VARMA-échelon." L’économétrie de la politique économique 73, no. 1-2-3 (February 9, 2009): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602232ar.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Vecteur Autorégressif"
Duong, Thithuy Nga. "Ciblage de l'inflation et politique monétaire au Vietnam." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22020.
Повний текст джерелаInflation targeting (hereafter IT) is the newest monetary policy framework in the world. The practice of IT has been chosen by both advanced countries and emerging countries. However, two main issues are still under debate particularly in emerging and developing countries. They are the benefits of IT and preconditions to success adoption. Empirically, we showed that IT is considered as a successful monetary policy framework for emerging countries. In addition, it is not necessary for emerging markets to satisfy all stringent preconditions to successfully adopt IT. In practice, the fiscal situation and the central bank independence play a more important role than other conditions and need to be prepared first.Basing on Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), the thesis concludes that Vietnamese monetary policy currently does not effectively control the inflation rate. Inflation targeting framework would be a solution to this. Nonetheless, this thesis concludes that at this moment in time Vietnam is not able to adopt the IT framework, as it still must prepare some of the preconditions required before official adoption. The recommendations of hardening the budget constraint and increase central bank independence in relationship with government are suggested before implementing IT strategy
Ba, Amadou Samba. "Le marché international de la dette souveraine et son impact sur les risques financiers dans les pays émergents : analyse dynamique sur la période pre et post crise des subprimes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0027.
Повний текст джерелаThe Brady Plan of debt restructuring in Latin American and South Asian countries during 80s was a turning point for the emergence of an active debt market in emerging countries. The waves of financial liberalization and the structural reforms undertaken and associated with this Brady Plan in emerging economies has increased their openness to international capital flows. Then emerging economies were recorded, and bonds became the most important source of capital for emerging countries. Emerging economies issued bonds roughly US dollars 350 billion during 2007 compared to dollars 1,2 Trillion US (US dollars 600 billion excluding China) IMF . This wave of capital flow in emerging markets has quickly become a main concern in policymaking and academic circles and has generated considerable controversies over the underlying macroeconomic determinants of this unprecedented flow, the change of bond spreads and yields in emerging markets.The research aims to a better understanding of the key domestic and global determinants that drive bond spreads and by specifying statistically the pivotal role of debt flows through a regression model and later from a vector autoregressive model. First, we ask what proportion of the change in market bond spreads in emerging debt markets is explained by changes in debt flows, fundamentals, and global condition and in what percentage their shocks affect mutually debt markets, economic performance, and global environment. Finally, some guidelines have been given to design sustainable strategic policies of management of sovereign debt in emerging economies.The subprime crisis that broke out in the United States in 2007, leading to a sharp rise in mortgage defaults by Americans, subsequently triggered a deep economic slowdown in developed countries that led them to request rescue and bail out plans. These government-initiated plans systematically encouraged excessive public debt in developed countries. The emerging countries, on the other hand, had relatively healthier intrinsic macroeconomic situations, with relatively more resilient fundamentals, thus allowing a relative mitigation of the risks and tensions on their economic growth, their level of public debt and external accounts. This international financial crisis of 2007 had by far greater negative consequences in the advanced countries than in the emerging countries, whose impact was relatively limited and modulated according to the specific situation of the emerging countries.In the mid-2000s, the Bretton Woods institutions formulated recommendations on optimal public debt management, which emerging countries sometimes applied as a condition for obtaining support programmes from the IMF and the World Bank, with a view to promoting long-term growth and macroeconomic stability. The financial crisis has shown that these recommendations on public debt management could also be applied to developed countries that suffered from excessive public debt during the subprime crisis.This research has also enabled us to understand the trajectory and accelerated dynamics of the transformation of emerging economies, the increasing economic weight and political power of the BRICS (enlarged to BRICS + group in 2023) in the world economy. This paradigm shift calls for a profound change in the rules of governance of international financial institutions, through the promotion of a better rebalancing of forces in a globalized economy which is undergoing constant transformation
Lim, Néhémy. "Estimation de modèles autorégressifs vectoriels à noyaux à valeur opérateur : Application à l'inférence de réseaux." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EVRY0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn multivariate time series analysis, existing models are often used for forecasting, i.e. estimating future values of the observed system based on previously observed values. Another purpose is to find causal relationships among a set of state variables within a dynamical system. We focus on the latter and develop tools in order to address this problem. In this thesis, we define a new family of nonparametric vector autoregressive models based on operator-valued kernels. Assuming a sparse underlying structure, we control the model’s sparsity by defining a loss function that includes sparsity-inducing penalties on the model parameters (which are basis vectors within a linear combination of kernels). The selected kernels sometimes involve hyperparameters that may need to be learned depending on the nature of the problem. On the one hand, when expert knowledge or working assumptions allow presetting the parameters of the kernel, the learning problem boils down to estimating only the model parameters. To optimize the corresponding loss function, we develop a proximal algorithm. On the other hand, when no prior knowledge is available, some other kernels may exhibit unknown parameters. Consequently, this leads to the joint learning of the kernel parameters in addition to the model parameters. We thus resort to an alternate optimization scheme which involves proximal methods. Subsequently, we propose to build an estimate of the adjacency matrix coding for the underlying causal network by computing a function of the instantaneous Jacobian matrices. In a high-dimensional setting, i.e. insufficient amount of data compared to the number of variables, we design an ensemble methodology that shares features of boosting and random forests. In order to emphasize the performance of the developed models, we apply them on two tracks : simulated data from gene regulatory networks and real climate data
Odjoumani, Nestor. "Essais sur les impacts macroéconomiques de l'incertitude mondiale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100041.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contributes to the literature on global uncertainty, through three essays. The first essay makes a comparative empirical analysis of the effect of uncertainty shocks on economic conditions of a group of 20 developed countries and a group of 96 developing and emerging countries, using a panel vector autoregressive model. The second essay deepens the analysis by exploring the role of openness and financial development in the transmission of global uncertainty shocks. This second contribution employs an interacted panel vector autoregressive on a sample of 107 countries, including 20 developed countries and 87 developing and emerging countries. Finally, the third essay examines the effects of global uncertainty and financial shocks on oil price, using a structural vector autoregressive vector model in which shocks are jointly identified with sign restrictions
Khouas, Leila. "Visualisation de champs de vecteurs 2D et 3D par modélisation autorégressive bidimensionnelle d'une texture de type fourrure." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0081.
Повний текст джерелаIn many areas such as fluid dynamics or medical imaging, the analysis of studied phenomena produces complex data that consists in large vector fields. The vectors represent some characteristic of each point on the field such as: a fluid vorticity, a wind velocity or a motion speed. The visualization of vector fields is not straightforward because they have no natural representation. In this work, we propose to build a new representation of vector fields based on furlike texture. We assume that such a texture provides a natural and intuitive representation of a dense vector field. Our approach consists in the development of a texture model that allows 2D synthesis of furlike texture having a 3D aspect. The model is based on the modeling of the texture autocorrelation function (ACF) and a two dimensional Auto Regressive synthesis (2D AR). This provides a simple and efficient 2D generator of furlike texture with a local control of the main attributes of the texture (orientation and length of filaments). We have experimented the use of this texture model to represent vector fields. We use orientation, length and color attributes of our furlike texture to visualize local orientation and magnitude of a 2D vector field. Results are presented using simulated data and cardiac imaging data. We also show how to visualize 3D vector fields defined over 3D surfaces by a simple and appropriate texture mapping procedure. We have applied this technique for special vector fields that simulate fur appearance on 3D objects. This produces images with quite realistic aspect
Lemus, Antonio. "Les effets des chocs internes et externes sur une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Chili." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100141/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe economic globalization is probably the main feature of the 21st century world economy, with economic integration and interdependence of national economies across the world particularly common in commodity and financial markets. Such a context greatly affect all types of economies though those small, dependent on commodity exports, and open to global financial markets are usually the most exposed. Having in mind this scenario, in this Ph.D. dissertation we explore the effectiveness of the Chilean fiscal policy and the effects of commodity prices and foreign financial shocks, on the Chilean GDP and other macroeconomic fundamentals using an empirical approach based on alternative vector autoregressive models.To understand the effectiveness of the country’s fiscal policy aiming at guarantying macroeconomic stability, in the Chapter 1 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the dynamic effects of fiscal policy on the Chilean macroeconomic fundamentals and the size of fiscal multipliers. Chapter 2 examines how shocks to commodity prices affect the Chilean economic output, fiscal accounts and private consumption, based on correlations analysis and vector autoregression models. In the Chapter 3 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the effect of foreign financial shocks on the Chilean real economy
Bonilla, Bolanos Andrea. "A step further in the theory of regional economic integration : a look at the Unasur's integration strategy." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22009.
Повний текст джерелаEconomic integration seems to be a new global trend. The past two decades have witnessed the formation of several economic unions in Asia (ASEAN+3 in 1997), Europe (Eurozone in 1999), Africa, and America (Union of South American Nations, Unasur in 2008). The South American case deserves special attention because, unlike the other blocs, the Unasur emerged as a political alliance and not as an economic one. Furthermore, Unasur is conceived as a strategy for improving the socioeconomic conditions of nations that have a common history of economic instability and external dependence. However, while common concerns and political willingness exist among group members, the question of whether that consensus is sufficient to ensure economic integration remains unanswered. For instance, economic integration as a strategy for macroeconomic stability has seemed to work well in Europe after the euro was launched in 1999 (Sapir, 2011), until the breakdown of the European sovereign debt crisis in recent years has revealed the inherent weaknesses of an economic union that lacks a political union (Fligstein et al., 2012, Issing, 2011). This development suggests that the Unasur project is likely to fail if the concerned economies do not converge economically. This is the reason why, this thesis assesses the Unasur project from an economic integration perspective, thus, complementing the huge body of political literature that has been developed on the issue (Briceño-Ruiz, 2014, Sanahuja, 2012). The first chapter describes the theory of economic integration' state of art focusing on South America. The second chapter examines the reactions of the Unasur economies to external shocks. By using a structural vector autoregression approach, it measures the impact of three external shocks (monetary, commercial, and financial) in the real, monetary, and fiscal economic sectors of Unasur economies and investigates co-movement paths. The results show (i) a non-negligible degree of synchronization across the studied economies, confirming their high external vulnerability, (ii) irrespective of size or integration degree, all Unasur members share mutual weaknesses, which they must fight to overcome. The third chapter evaluates the convergence in real GDP per-capita, as a suitable proxy measure, of the concerned economies for the period 1951-2011. By relying on cointegration techniques and applying Bernard and Durlauf's (1995) stochastic definitions of convergence and common trends, the presented evidence supports the existence of common long-run trends driving output in South America, meaning that the region is involved in a dynamic process of convergence in living standards. Finally, the fourth chapter studies the economic spillovers of the most advanced structural project of the group: the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA). A micro-founded two-country general equilibrium model is constructed to evaluate potential gains or losses (in terms of output convergence and trade integration) of raising publicly provided transportation infrastructure in a coordinated and uncoordinated manner. The model is solved using data from Argentina and Brazil. Results show that: (i) rising public investment in infrastructure boost commercial integration but not necessarily generates output converge, (ii) the only way for the Argentina and Brazil to achieve output convergence is to coordinate their increments on public infrastructure as proposed by the IIRSA
Amvouna, Anatolie Marie. "Commerce international, capital humain et croissance économique : l'expérience de la Corée, de la Malaisie et du Cameroun." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF10199.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis analyses the issue of human capital and growth in an open economy. The question is: why do some countries grow faster than others and what determines the contribution of human capital to growth among countries? It also seeks answers to the question of what lessons Cameroon should learn from the evidence of Korea and Malaysia – good examples of rapid growth – for its own development? The analysis is built within the framework of the endogenous growth theory. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part – descriptive – presents the review of literature and the stylized facts of the economic evolution of Korea, Malaysia and Cameroon, based on the theory of dynamic comparative advantage. The second one – rather analytical – develops a growth model with two kind of externalities generated by exports and human capital production sectors. The econometric method based on single equations, panel data or var model is then used to test the hypothesis. The first part yields the conclusion that human capital theoretically plays an important role in economic growth by creating comparative advantage through research and development. But the empirical evidence of trade and human capital’s contribution to growth has not been shown in some developing countries. This part also shows that the sluggish economic development of Cameroon is due to its abundant natural resources relative to labor, as compared to Korea and Malaysia. The dynamic econometric analyses of the second part lead to the findings that the economic growth is revealed endogenous in Korea and not in Cameroon, explaining the differences in the speed of growth of these two countries. From the estimates of a static growth model with two kind of externalities, we have concluded that the impact of human capital on growth of countries is influenced by the level of education, changes in that level, the share of labor force used to produce human capital and the share of manufactures or services in total production. We also show that there exists a threshold rate of growth beyond which the contribution of human capital to growth becomes positive. The main recommendation that should be made for Cameroun to speed up its economic development is to accelerate the accumulation of capital – both human and physical – through outward oriented policies that should allow foreign savings and foreign investments on the one hand, and foreign labor and human capital on the other hand, to flow in the country
Mètoiolè, Somé Dommèbèiwin Juste. "Essays on oil price fluctuations and macroeconomic activity." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11604.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, I am interested in the effects of fluctuations in oil prices on macroeconomic activity depending on the underlying cause of these fluctuations. The economic models used in this thesis include the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Models and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Models. Several studies have examined the effects of fluctuations in oil price on the main macroeconomic variables, but very few of theses studies have specifically made the link between the effects of fluctuations in oil prices and the origin of these fluctuations. However, it is widely accepted in more recent studies that oil price increases may have very different effects depending on the underlying cause of that increase. My thesis, structured in three chapters, is focused on the sources of fluctuations in oil price and their impacts on the macroeconomic activity in general, and in particular on the canadian economy. The first chapter of the thesis investigates how oil supply shocks, aggregate demand shocks, and precautionary oil demand shocks affect Canada's economy, within an estimated Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The estimation is conducted using Bayesian methods, with Canadian quarterly data from 1983Q1 to 2010Q4. The results suggest that the dynamic effects of oil price shocks on Canadian macroeconomic variables vary according to their sources. In particular, a 10% increase in the real price of oil driven by positive foreign aggregate demand shocks has a significant positive effect of about 0.4% on Canada's real GDP upon impact and the effect remains positive over time. In contrast, an increase in the real price of oil driven by negative foreign oil supply shocks or by positive precautionary oil demand shocks causes an insignificant effect on Canada's real GDP upon impact but causes a slightly significant decline afterwards. The intuition is that a positive innovation in aggregate demand tends to increase the demand for Canada's overall exports. Oil supply disruptions in foreign countries or positive precautionary oil demand shocks increase the uncertainty about future oil prices, which leads firms to postpone irreversible investment expenditures, and tends to reduce Canada's real GDP. Furthermore, among the identified oil shocks, foreign aggregate demand shocks have been relatively more important in explaining the variations of most of Canadian macroeconomic variables over the estimation period. The second chapter examines the links between oil demand and supply shocks and labor market adjustments in Canadian manufacturing industries using a panel structural VAR model. The model is estimated with disaggregated annual data at the industry level from 1975 to 2008. The results show that a positive aggregate demand shock increases both labor and the price of labor over a 20-year period. A negative oil supply shock has a relatively small negative effect upon impact but the effect turns positive after the first year. In contrast, a positive precautionary oil demand shock has a negative impact over all horizons. The paper also examines how the responses to different types of oil shocks vary from industry to industry. The results suggest that industries with higher net trade exposure/oil-intensity are more vulnerable to oil price increases driven by oil supply shocks and aggregate demand shocks. The third chapter examines the welfare implications of introducing competitive storage on the global oil market using a three country DSGE model characterized by two oil-importing countries and one oil-exporting country. The welfare gains are measured by consumption compensating variation under two alternative monetary policy rules. The main results indicate that the introduction of oil storage has negative welfare effects for each of the two oil importing countries, while it has positive welfare effects for the oil exporting country, whatever the monetary policy rule. I also found that including the exchange rate depreciation in the monetary policy rules allows to slightly reduce the welfare costs for both oil importing countries. Finally, the magnitude of the welfare effects depends on the steady state level of oil storage and is mainly driven by oil storage shocks.
Звіти організацій з теми "Vecteur Autorégressif"
Moran, Kevin, Dalibor Stevanovic, and Stéphane Stevanovic. Scénarios de risque et prévisions macroéconomiques. CIRANO, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/lsoy2617.
Повний текст джерела