Статті в журналах: "Vascularized tissue"

1

Jain, Rakesh K., Patrick Au, Josh Tam, Dan G. Duda, and Dai Fukumura. "Engineering vascularized tissue." Nature Biotechnology 23, no. 7 (July 2005): 821–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0705-821.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Neumeister, Michael W., Tammy Wu, and Christopher Chambers. "Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Ears." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 117, no. 1 (January 2006): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000195071.01699.ce.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Xing, Fei, Zhou Xiang, Pol Maria Rommens, and Ulrike Ritz. "3D Bioprinting for Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Bone Fabrication." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102278.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Vascularization in bone tissues is essential for the distribution of nutrients and oxygen, as well as the removal of waste products. Fabrication of tissue-engineered bone constructs with functional vascular networks has great potential for biomimicking nature bone tissue in vitro and enhancing bone regeneration in vivo. Over the past decades, many approaches have been applied to fabricate biomimetic vascularized tissue-engineered bone constructs. However, traditional tissue-engineered methods based on seeding cells into scaffolds are unable to control the spatial architecture and the encapsulated cell distribution precisely, which posed a significant challenge in constructing complex vascularized bone tissues with precise biomimetic properties. In recent years, as a pioneering technology, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has been applied to fabricate multiscale, biomimetic, multi-cellular tissues with a highly complex tissue microenvironment through layer-by-layer printing. This review discussed the application of 3D bioprinting technology in the vascularized tissue-engineered bone fabrication, where the current status and unique challenges were critically reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms of vascular formation, the process of 3D bioprinting, and the current development of bioink properties were also discussed.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Weigand, Annika, Raymund E. Horch, Anja M. Boos, Justus P. Beier, and Andreas Arkudas. "The Arteriovenous Loop: Engineering of Axially Vascularized Tissue." European Surgical Research 59, no. 3-4 (2018): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492417.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background: Most of the current treatment options for large-scale tissue defects represent a serious burden for the patients, are often not satisfying, and can be associated with significant side effects. Although major achievements have already been made in the field of tissue engineering, the clinical translation in case of extensive tissue defects is only in its early stages. The main challenge and reason for the failure of most tissue engineering approaches is the missing vascularization within large-scale transplants. Summary: The arteriovenous (AV) loop model is an in vivo tissue engineering strategy for generating axially vascularized tissues using the own body as a bioreactor. A superficial artery and vein are anastomosed to create an AV loop. This AV loop is placed into an implantation chamber for prevascularization of the chamber inside, e.g., a scaffold, cells, and growth factors. Subsequently, the generated tissue can be transplanted with its vascular axis into the defect site and anastomosed to the local vasculature. Since the blood supply of the growing tissue is based on the AV loop, it will be immediately perfused with blood in the recipient site leading to optimal healing conditions even in the case of poorly vascularized defects. Using this tissue engineering approach, a multitude of different axially vascularized tissues could be generated, such as bone, skeletal or heart muscle, or lymphatic tissues. Upscaling from the small animal AV loop model into a preclinical large animal model could pave the way for the first successful attempt in clinical application. Key Messages: The AV loop model is a powerful tool for the generation of different axially vascularized replacement tissues. Due to minimal donor site morbidity and the possibility to generate patient-specific tissues variable in type and size, this in vivo tissue engineering approach can be considered as a promising alternative therapy to current treatment options of large-scale defects.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Zor, Fatih. "Facial Vascularized Composite Tissue Allotransplantation." Gulhane Medical Journal 55, no. 2 (2013): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/gulhane.39844.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Kian Kwan Oo, Kenneth, Wei Chen Ong, Annette Hui Chi Ang, Dietmar W. Hutmacher, and Luke Kim Siang Tan. "Tissue engineered prefabricated vascularized flaps." Head & Neck 29, no. 5 (2007): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.20546.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Levenberg, Shulamit, Jeroen Rouwkema, Mara Macdonald, Evan S. Garfein, Daniel S. Kohane, Diane C. Darland, Robert Marini, et al. "Engineering vascularized skeletal muscle tissue." Nature Biotechnology 23, no. 7 (July 2005): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1109.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Acosta, Francisca M., Katerina Stojkova, Jingruo Zhang, Eric Ivan Garcia Huitron, Jean X. Jiang, Christopher R. Rathbone, and Eric M. Brey. "Engineering Functional Vascularized Beige Adipose Tissue from Microvascular Fragments of Models of Healthy and Type II Diabetes Conditions." Journal of Tissue Engineering 13 (January 2022): 204173142211093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20417314221109337.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Engineered beige adipose tissues could be used for screening therapeutic strategies or as a direct treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. Microvascular fragments are vessel structures that can be directly isolated from adipose tissue and may contain cells capable of differentiation into thermogenic, or beige, adipocytes. In this study, culture conditions were investigated to engineer three-dimensional, vascularized functional beige adipose tissue using microvascular fragments isolated from both healthy animals and a model of type II diabetes (T2D). Vascularized beige adipose tissues were engineered and exhibited increased expression of beige adipose markers, enhanced function, and improved cellular respiration. While microvascular fragments isolated from both lean and diabetic models were able to generate functional tissues, differences were observed in regard to vessel assembly and tissue function. This study introduces an approach that could be employed to engineer vascularized beige adipose tissues from a single, potentially autologous source of cells.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Delaere, Pierre R., Robert Hermans, Jose Hardillo, and Bert Van Den Hof. "Prefabrication of Composite Tissue for Improved Tracheal Reconstruction." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 110, no. 9 (September 2001): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940111000909.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Tracheal repair tissues were evaluated experimentally to provide an evidence-based choice for decision-making in clinical tracheal reconstruction. Tracheal reconstructive tissue was characterized as providing for vascularization, support, and/or lining. A tissue equivalent was developed in the rabbit for each of the individual tissues. The individual tissues consisted of nonepithelialized soft tissue (vascularized fascia), epithelialized tissue (vascularized fascia grafted with buccal mucosa), and supportive tissue (ear cartilage). The 3 reconstructive tissues were evaluated in 30 rabbits after repair of an anterior laryngotracheal defect. Morphometric and histologic analysis was applied to the reconstructions. After a 1-month follow-up period, defects repaired with nonepithelialized soft tissue showed healing by secondary intention and a wound that was contracted to 44% of the initial surface area of the defect. Mucosa-lined soft tissue flaps and cartilage grafts showed a less than 10% wound contraction. Compared to cartilage grafts, mucosa-lined soft tissue (vascularized fascia grafted with buccal mucosa) seemed preferable for clinical use, because it showed healing by primary intention. A mucosa-lined radial forearm fascia flap was used successfully in cases of restenosis after tracheal resection. One deficiency of the mucosa-lined soft tissue was the absence of supportive tissue. In cases of extensive stenosis, it might be useful to obtain additional expansion of the airway lumen by creating a convexity at the site of reconstruction. In a second set of experiments, we attempted to improve the mucosa-lined soft tissue concept by adding elastic cartilage. A composite tissue consisting of vascularized fascia, buccal mucosa, and auricular cartilage was developed. Heterotopic prefabrication of the composite tissue was essential for survival of the cartilaginous component. Additional airway lumen expansion could be obtained after heterotopic flap prefabrication. After experimental evaluation, the concept of the prefabricated composite tissue was successfully applied in a clinical case of long-segment stenosis. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the combination of buccal mucosa and fascia form an optimized tissue combination for tracheal reconstruction. This combination can be improved by adding strips of autologous ear cartilage.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Hong, Soyoung, Bo Young Jung, and Changmo Hwang. "Multilayered Engineered Tissue Sheets for Vascularized Tissue Regeneration." Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 14, no. 4 (July 3, 2017): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13770-017-0049-y.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Ogawa, Rei, Koichiro Oki, and Hike Hyakusoku. "Vascular tissue engineering and vascularized 3D tissue regeneration." Regenerative Medicine 2, no. 5 (September 2007): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17460751.2.5.831.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

D’Alessandro, Delfo, Claudio Ricci, Mario Milazzo, Giovanna Strangis, Francesca Forli, Gabriele Buda, Mario Petrini, et al. "Piezoelectric Signals in Vascularized Bone Regeneration." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111731.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The demand for bone substitutes is increasing in Western countries. Bone graft substitutes aim to provide reconstructive surgeons with off-the-shelf alternatives to the natural bone taken from humans or animal species. Under the tissue engineering paradigm, biomaterial scaffolds can be designed by incorporating bone stem cells to decrease the disadvantages of traditional tissue grafts. However, the effective clinical application of tissue-engineered bone is limited by insufficient neovascularization. As bone is a highly vascularized tissue, new strategies to promote both osteogenesis and vasculogenesis within the scaffolds need to be considered for a successful regeneration. It has been demonstrated that bone and blood vases are piezoelectric, namely, electric signals are locally produced upon mechanical stimulation of these tissues. The specific effects of electric charge generation on different cells are not fully understood, but a substantial amount of evidence has suggested their functional and physiological roles. This review summarizes the special contribution of piezoelectricity as a stimulatory signal for bone and vascular tissue regeneration, including osteogenesis, angiogenesis, vascular repair, and tissue engineering, by considering different stem cell sources entailed with osteogenic and angiogenic potential, aimed at collecting the key findings that may enable the development of successful vascularized bone replacements useful in orthopedic and otologic surgery.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Kolesky, David B., Kimberly A. Homan, Mark A. Skylar-Scott, and Jennifer A. Lewis. "Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 12 (March 7, 2016): 3179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521342113.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The advancement of tissue and, ultimately, organ engineering requires the ability to pattern human tissues composed of cells, extracellular matrix, and vasculature with controlled microenvironments that can be sustained over prolonged time periods. To date, bioprinting methods have yielded thin tissues that only survive for short durations. To improve their physiological relevance, we report a method for bioprinting 3D cell-laden, vascularized tissues that exceed 1 cm in thickness and can be perfused on chip for long time periods (>6 wk). Specifically, we integrate parenchyma, stroma, and endothelium into a single thick tissue by coprinting multiple inks composed of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (hNDFs) within a customized extracellular matrix alongside embedded vasculature, which is subsequently lined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These thick vascularized tissues are actively perfused with growth factors to differentiate hMSCs toward an osteogenic lineage in situ. This longitudinal study of emergent biological phenomena in complex microenvironments represents a foundational step in human tissue generation.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Jia, Zhiming, Hailin Guo, Hua Xie, Junmei Zhou, Yaping Wang, Xingqi Bao, Yichen Huang, and Fang Chen. "Construction of Pedicled Smooth Muscle Tissues by Combining the Capsule Tissue and Cell Sheet Engineering." Cell Transplantation 28, no. 3 (January 9, 2019): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689718821682.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The survival of engineered tissue requires the formation of its own capillary network, which can anastomose with the host vasculature after transplantation. Currently, while many strategies, such as modifying the scaffold material, adding endothelial cells, or angiogenic factors, have been researched, engineered tissue implanted in vivo cannot timely access to sufficient blood supply, leading to ischemic apoptosis or shrinkage. Constructing vascularized engineered tissue with its own axial vessels and subsequent pedicled transfer is promising to solve the problem of vascularization in tissue engineering. In this study, we used the tissue expander capsule as a novel platform for vascularizing autologous smooth muscle cell (SMC) sheets and fabricating vascularized engineered tissue with its own vascular pedicle. First, we verified which time point was the most effective for constructing an axial capsule vascular bed. Second, we compared the outcome of SMC sheet transplantation onto the expander capsule and classical dorsal subcutaneous tissue, which was widely used in other studies for vascularization. Finally, we transplanted multilayered SMC sheets onto the capsule bed twice to verify the feasibility of fabricating thick pedicled engineered smooth muscle tissues. The results indicated that the axial capsule tissue could be successfully induced, and the capsule tissue 1 week after full expansion was the most vascularized. Quantitative comparisons of thickness, vessel density, and apoptosis of cell sheet grafts onto two vascular beds proved that the axial capsule vascular bed was more favorable to the growth and vascularization of transplants than classical subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, thick vascularized smooth muscle tissues with the vascular pedicle could be constructed by multi-transplanting cell sheets onto the capsule bed. The combination of axial capsule vascular bed and cell sheet engineering may provide an efficient strategy to overcome the problem of slow or insufficient vascularization in tissue engineering.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

HE, JIANKANG, FENG XU, YAXIONG LIU, ZHONGMIN JIN, and DICHEN LI. "ADVANCED TISSUE ENGINEERING STRATEGIES FOR VASCULARIZED PARENCHYMAL CONSTRUCTS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 01 (February 2014): 1430001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414300014.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The fabrication of vascularized parenchymal organs to alleviate donor shortage in organ transplantation is the holy grail of tissue engineering. However, conventional tissue-engineering strategies have encountered huge challenges in recapitulating complex structural organization of native organs (e.g., orderly arrangement of multiple cell types and vascular network), which plays an important role in engineering functional vascularized parenchymal constructs in vitro. Recent developments of various advanced tissue-engineering strategies have exhibited great promise in replicating organ-specific architectures into artificial constructs. Here, we review the recent advances in top-down and bottom-up strategies for the fabrication of vascularized parenchymal constructs. We highlight the fabrication of microfluidic scaffolds potential for nutrient transport or vascularization as well as the controlled multicellular arrangement. The advantages as well as the limitations associated with these strategies will be discussed. It is envisioned that the combination of microfluidic concept in top-down strategies and multicellular arrangement concept in bottom-up strategies could potentially generate new insights for the fabrication of vascularized parenchymal organs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Hagau, Natalia, and Dan Longrois. "Anesthesia for free vascularized tissue transfer." Microsurgery 29, no. 2 (2009): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/micr.20584.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Chiu, Yu-Chieh, Ming-Huei Cheng, Shiri Uriel, and Eric M. Brey. "Materials for engineering vascularized adipose tissue." Journal of Tissue Viability 20, no. 2 (May 2011): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2009.11.005.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Bueno, Ericka M., J. Rodrigo Diaz-Siso, Geoffroy C. Sisk, Akash Chandawarkar, Harriet Kiwanuka, Brooke Lamparello, Edward J. Caterson, and Bohdan Pomahac. "Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation and Tissue Engineering." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 24, no. 1 (January 2013): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e318275f173.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Than, Peter, Christopher R. Davis, Michael W. Findlay, Wei Liu, Sacha M. L. Khong, and Geoffrey C. Gurtner. "Autologous Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Liver Replacement." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 221, no. 4 (October 2015): S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.07.372.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

SAKAGUCHI, Katsuhisa, Tatsuya SHIMIZU, Kiyotaka IWASAKI, Masayuki YAMATO, Mitsuo UMEZU, and Teruo OKANO. "S021022 Fabrication of Vascularized Cardiac Tissue." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2011 (2011): _S021022–1—_S021022–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._s021022-1.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Richards, Dylan, Jia Jia, Michael Yost, Roger Markwald, and Ying Mei. "3D Bioprinting for Vascularized Tissue Fabrication." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 45, no. 1 (May 26, 2016): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1653-z.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Morgan, John, and Jason A. Spector. "Growing Vascularized Tissues In Vitro Using an Autonomous Tissue Cartridge." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 225, no. 4 (October 2017): S202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.07.463.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Herford, Alan S., Todd C. Cooper, Carlo Maiorana, and Marco Cicciù. "Vascularized Connective Tissue Flap for Bone Graft Coverage." Journal of Oral Implantology 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00146.1.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract Alveolar defects are characterized by missing soft and hard tissues. It is often necessary to combine secondary procedures to address the soft-tissue component. The authors describe a technique that uses a split-thickness flap design that is placed over the crest of the remaining ridge and extends in a palatal direction. This allows advancement of the flap with its exposed connective tissue over the bone graft and provides restoration of both bone and keratinized tissue. Seventeen patients with defects involving the anterior maxilla who required grafting procedures were including in this study. All patients had an autogenous bone graft (n = 17) combined with osseointegrated implants (n = 41). A split-thickness flap design was used at the time of bone graft placement (primary) in 9 patients and at the time of implant uncovering (secondary) in 8 patients. There were no cases of flap necrosis or dehiscence with exposure of the bone graft. All patients demonstrated an increase in keratinized tissue involving the peri-implant area. An apical repositioned split-thickness flap provides an increased zone of keratinized tissue with improved esthetics and implant maintenance. This technique can be performed simultaneously with the grafting procedure, thus avoiding extensive undermining of the adjacent soft tissue.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Born, Gordian, Marina Nikolova, Arnaud Scherberich, Barbara Treutlein, Andrés García-García, and Ivan Martin. "Engineering of fully humanized and vascularized 3D bone marrow niches sustaining undifferentiated human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells." Journal of Tissue Engineering 12 (January 2021): 204173142110448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20417314211044855.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are frequently located around the bone marrow (BM) vasculature. These so-called perivascular niches regulate HSC function both in health and disease, but they have been poorly studied in humans due to the scarcity of models integrating complete human vascular structures. Herein, we propose the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived from human adipose tissue as a cell source to vascularize 3D osteoblastic BM niches engineered in perfusion bioreactors. We show that SVF cells form self-assembled capillary structures, composed by endothelial and perivascular cells, that add to the osteogenic matrix secreted by BM mesenchymal stromal cells in these engineered niches. In comparison to avascular osteoblastic niches, vascularized BM niches better maintain immunophenotypically-defined cord blood (CB) HSCs without affecting cell proliferation. In contrast, HSPCs cultured in vascularized BM niches showed increased CFU-granulocyte-erythrocyte-monocyte-megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM) numbers. The vascularization also contributed to better preserve osteogenic gene expression in the niche, demonstrating that niche vascularization has an influence on both hematopoietic and stromal compartments. In summary, we have engineered a fully humanized and vascularized 3D BM tissue to model native human endosteal perivascular niches and revealed functional implications of this vascularization in sustaining undifferentiated CB HSPCs. This system provides a unique modular platform to explore hemato-vascular interactions in human healthy/pathological hematopoiesis.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Sousa, Cristiana F. V., Catarina A. Saraiva, Tiago R. Correia, Tamagno Pesqueira, Sónia G. Patrício, Maria Isabel Rial-Hermida, João Borges, and João F. Mano. "Bioinstructive Layer-by-Layer-Coated Customizable 3D Printed Perfusable Microchannels Embedded in Photocrosslinkable Hydrogels for Vascular Tissue Engineering." Biomolecules 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060863.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The development of complex and large 3D vascularized tissue constructs remains the major goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). To date, several strategies have been proposed to build functional and perfusable vascular networks in 3D tissue-engineered constructs to ensure the long-term cell survival and the functionality of the assembled tissues after implantation. However, none of them have been entirely successful in attaining a fully functional vascular network. Herein, we report an alternative approach to bioengineer 3D vascularized constructs by embedding bioinstructive 3D multilayered microchannels, developed by combining 3D printing with the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technology, in photopolymerizable hydrogels. Alginate (ALG) was chosen as the ink to produce customizable 3D sacrificial microstructures owing to its biocompatibility and structural similarity to the extracellular matrices of native tissues. ALG structures were further LbL coated with bioinstructive chitosan and arginine–glycine–aspartic acid-coupled ALG multilayers, embedded in shear-thinning photocrosslinkable xanthan gum hydrogels and exposed to a calcium-chelating solution to form perfusable multilayered microchannels, mimicking the biological barriers, such as the basement membrane, in which the endothelial cells were seeded, denoting an enhanced cell adhesion. The 3D constructs hold great promise for engineering a wide array of large-scale 3D vascularized tissue constructs for modular TERM strategies.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Lin, Neil Y. C., Kimberly A. Homan, Sanlin S. Robinson, David B. Kolesky, Nathan Duarte, Annie Moisan, and Jennifer A. Lewis. "Renal reabsorption in 3D vascularized proximal tubule models." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 12 (March 4, 2019): 5399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815208116.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Three-dimensional renal tissues that emulate the cellular composition, geometry, and function of native kidney tissue would enable fundamental studies of filtration and reabsorption. Here, we have created 3D vascularized proximal tubule models composed of adjacent conduits that are lined with confluent epithelium and endothelium, embedded in a permeable ECM, and independently addressed using a closed-loop perfusion system to investigate renal reabsorption. Our 3D kidney tissue allows for coculture of proximal tubule epithelium and vascular endothelium that exhibits active reabsorption via tubular–vascular exchange of solutes akin to native kidney tissue. Using this model, both albumin uptake and glucose reabsorption are quantified as a function of time. Epithelium–endothelium cross-talk is further studied by exposing proximal tubule cells to hyperglycemic conditions and monitoring endothelial cell dysfunction. This diseased state can be rescued by administering a glucose transport inhibitor. Our 3D kidney tissue provides a platform for in vitro studies of kidney function, disease modeling, and pharmacology.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Hernandez, K. A., A. J. Reiffel, R. Campbell, K. Derrick, A. Pino, A. Harper, and J. Spector. "Fabrication of Cellular Pre-Vascularized Tissue Constructs from Autogenous Tissue." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 132 (October 2013): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000436034.39522.df.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Louis, Fiona, Marie Piantino, Hao Liu, Dong-Hee Kang, Yoshihiro Sowa, Shiro Kitano, and Michiya Matsusaki. "Bioprinted Vascularized Mature Adipose Tissue with Collagen Microfibers for Soft Tissue Regeneration." Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2021 (March 13, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/1412542.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The development of soft tissue regeneration has recently gained importance due to safety concerns about artificial breast implants. Current autologous fat graft implantations can result in up to 90% of volume loss in long-term outcomes due to their limited revascularization. Adipose tissue has a highly vascularized structure which enables its proper homeostasis as well as its endocrine function. Mature adipocytes surrounded by a dense vascular network are the specific features required for efficient regeneration of the adipose tissue to perform host anastomosis after its implantation. Recently, bioprinting has been introduced as a promising solution to recreate in vitro this architecture in large-scale tissues. However, the in vitro induction of both the angiogenesis and adipogenesis differentiations from stem cells yields limited maturation states for these two pathways. To overcome these issues, we report a novel method for obtaining a fully vascularized adipose tissue reconstruction using supporting bath bioprinting. For the first time, directly isolated mature adipocytes encapsulated in a bioink containing physiological collagen microfibers (CMF) were bioprinted in a gellan gum supporting bath. These multilayered bioprinted tissues retained high viability even after 7 days of culture. Moreover, the functionality was also confirmed by the maintenance of fatty acid uptake from mature adipocytes. Therefore, this method of constructing fully functional adipose tissue regeneration holds promise for future clinical applications.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Höhnke, C., J. M. Russavage, V. Subbotin, R. Llull, T. E. Starzl, and G. C. Sotereanos. "Vascularized composite tissue mandibular transplantation in dogs." Transplantation Proceedings 29, no. 1-2 (February 1997): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00340-5.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Genden, Eric, and Bruce H. Haughey. "Mandibular reconstruction by vascularized free tissue transfer." American Journal of Otolaryngology 17, no. 4 (July 1996): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0709(96)90085-x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Borschel, Gregory H., Douglas E. Dow, Robert G. Dennis, and David L. Brown. "Tissue-Engineered Axially Vascularized Contractile Skeletal Muscle." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 117, no. 7 (June 2006): 2235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000224295.54073.49.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Tullius, StefanG, Karoline Edtinger, Xiaoyong Yang, and Hanae Uehara. "Current status of vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation." Burns & Trauma 2, no. 2 (2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-3868.130184.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Messner, Franka, Johanna Grahammer, Theresa Hautz, Gerald Brandacher, and Stefan Schneeberger. "Ischemia/reperfusion injury in vascularized tissue allotransplantation." Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation 21, no. 5 (October 2016): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mot.0000000000000343.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Gilbert‐Honick, Jordana, and Warren Grayson. "Vascularized and Innervated Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering." Advanced Healthcare Materials 9, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 1900626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201900626.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Komae, Hyoe, Minoru Ono, and Tatsuya Shimizu. "Cell Sheet-Based Vascularized Myocardial Tissue Fabrication." European Surgical Research 59, no. 3-4 (2018): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492416.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background: The development of regenerative medicine in recent years has been remarkable as tissue engineering technology and stem cell research have advanced. The ultimate goal of regenerative medicine is to fabricate human organs artificially. If fabricated organs can be transplanted medically, it will be the innovative treatment of diseases for which only donor organ transplantation is the definitive therapeutic method at present. Summary: Our group has reported successful fabrication of thick functional myocardial tissue in vivo and in vitro by using cell sheet engineering technology which requires no scaffolds. Thick myocardial tissue can be fabricated by stacking cardiomyocyte sheets on the vascular bed every 24 h, so that a vascular network can be formed within the myocardial graft. We call this procedure a multi-step transplantation procedure. After human-induced pluripotent stem cells were discovered and human cardiomyocytes became available, a thick, macroscopically pulsate human myocardial tissue was successfully constructed by using a multi-step transplantation procedure. Furthermore, our group succeeded in fabricating functional human myocardial tissue which can generate pressure. Here, we present our way of fabricating human myocardial tissue by means of cell sheet engineering technology. Key Messages: Our group succeeded in fabricating thick, functional human myocardium which can generate pulse pressure. However, there are still a few problems to be solved until clinically functional human cardiac tissue or a whole heart can be fabricated. Research on myocardial regeneration progresses at such a pace that we believe the products of this research will save many lives in the near future.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Lim, Shiang Y., Damián Hernández, and Gregory J. Dusting. "Growing Vascularized Heart Tissue From Stem Cells." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 62, no. 2 (August 2013): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fjc.0b013e31829372fc.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Datta, Pallab, Bugra Ayan, and Ibrahim T. Ozbolat. "Bioprinting for vascular and vascularized tissue biofabrication." Acta Biomaterialia 51 (March 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.035.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Yang, Shuai, Jianping Shi, Jiquan Yang, Chunmei Feng, and Hao Tang. "Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis of Perfusion Process of Vascularized Channels within Hydrogel Matrix Based on Three-Dimensional Printing." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091898.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The rise of three-dimensional bioprinting technology provides a new way to fabricate in tissue engineering in vitro, but how to provide sufficient nutrition for the internal region of the engineered printed tissue has become the main obstacle. In vitro perfusion culture can not only provide nutrients for the growth of internal cells but also take away the metabolic wastes in time, which is an effective method to solve the problem of tissue engineering culture in vitro. Aiming at user-defined tissue engineering with internal vascularized channels obtained by three-dimensional printing experiment in the early stage, a simulation model was established and the in vitro fluid–structure interaction finite element analysis of tissue engineering perfusion process was carried out. Through fluid–structure interaction simulation, the hydrodynamic behavior and mechanical properties of vascularized channels in the perfusion process was discussed when the perfusion pressure, hydrogel concentration, and crosslinking density changed. The effects of perfusion pressure, hydrogel concentration, and crosslinking density on the flow velocity, pressure on the vascularized channels, and deformation of vascularized channels were analyzed. The simulation results provide a method to optimize the perfusion parameters of tissue engineering, avoiding the perfusion failure caused by unreasonable perfusion pressure and hydrogel concentration and promoting the development of tissue engineering culture in vitro.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Arvatz, Smadar, Lior Wertheim, Sharon Fleischer, Assaf Shapira, and Tal Dvir. "Channeled ECM-Based Nanofibrous Hydrogel for Engineering Vascularized Cardiac Tissues." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050689.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Hydrogels are widely used materials for cardiac tissue engineering. However, once the cells are encapsulated within hydrogels, mass transfer to the core of the engineered tissue is limited, and cell viability is compromised. Here, we report on the development of a channeled ECM-based nanofibrous hydrogel for engineering vascularized cardiac tissues. An omentum hydrogel was mixed with cardiac cells, patterned to create channels and closed, and then seeded with endothelial cells to form open cellular lumens. A mathematical model was used to evaluate the necessity of the channels for maintaining cell viability and the true potential of the vascularized hydrogel to form a viable cardiac patch was studied.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Safavi-Abbasi, Sam, Noritaka Komune, Jacob B. Archer, Hai Sun, Nicholas Theodore, Jeffrey James, Andrew S. Little, et al. "Surgical anatomy and utility of pedicled vascularized tissue flaps for multilayered repair of skull base defects." Journal of Neurosurgery 125, no. 2 (August 2016): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.5.jns15529.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

OBJECT The objective of this study was to describe the surgical anatomy and technical nuances of various vascularized tissue flaps. METHODS The surgical anatomy of various tissue flaps and their vascular pedicles was studied in 5 colored silicone-injected anatomical specimens. Medical records were reviewed of 11 consecutive patients who underwent repair of extensive skull base defects with a combination of various vascularized flaps. RESULTS The supraorbital, supratrochlear, superficial temporal, greater auricular, and occipital arteries contribute to the vascular supply of the pericranium. The pericranial flap can be designed based on an axial blood supply. Laterally, various flaps are supplied by the deep or superficial temporal arteries. The nasoseptal flap is a vascular pedicled flap based on the nasoseptal artery. Patients with extensive skull base defects can undergo effective repair with dual flaps or triple flaps using these pedicled vascularized flaps. CONCLUSIONS Multiple pedicled flaps are available for reconstitution of the skull base. Knowledge of the surgical anatomy of these flaps is crucial for the skull base surgeon. These vascularized tissue flaps can be used effectively as single or combination flaps. Multilayered closure of cranial base defects with vascularized tissue can be used safely and may lead to excellent repair outcomes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Mori, Nobuhito, and Yasuyuki S. Kida. "Applicability of Artificial Vascularized Liver Tissue to Proteomic Analysis." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040418.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Artificial vascularized tubular liver tissue has perfusable blood vessels that allow fluid access to the tissue interior, enabling the injection of drugs and collection of metabolites, which are valuable for drug discovery. It is amenable to standard evaluation methods, such as paraffin-embedded sectioning, qPCR, and RNA sequencing, which makes it easy to implement into existing research processes. However, the application of tissues vascularized by the self-assembly of cells, (including tubular liver tissue, has not yet been tested in comprehensive proteomic analysis relevant for drug discovery. Here, we established a method to efficiently separate cells from the tubular liver tissue by adding a pipetting step during collagenase treatment. By using this method, we succeeded in obtaining a sufficient number of cells for the proteomic analysis. In addition, to validate this approach, we compared the cells separated from the tissue with those grown in 2D culture, focusing on the proteins related to drug metabolism. We found that the levels of proteins involved in metabolic phases II and III were slightly higher in the tubular liver tissue than those in the 2D cell culture. Taken together, our suggested method demonstrates the applicability of tubular liver tissue to the proteomic analysis in drug assays.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Mooney, D. J., G. Organ, J. P. Vacanti, and R. Langer. "Design and Fabrication of Biodegradable Polymer Devices to Engineer Tubular Tissues." Cell Transplantation 3, no. 2 (March 1994): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979400300209.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Engineering new tissues by transplanting cells on polymeric delivery devices is one approach to alleviate the vast shortage of donor tissue. However, it will be necessary to fabricate cell delivery devices that deliver cells to a given location and promote the formation of specific tissue structures from the transplanted cells and the host tissue. This report describes the design and fabrication of a polymeric device for guiding the development of tubular vascularized tissues, which may be useful for engineering a variety of tissues including intestine, blood vessels, tracheas, and ureters. Porous films of poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) have been formed and fabricated into tubes capable of resisting compressional forces in vitro and in vivo. These devices promote the ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue following implantation into recipient animals, resulting in a vascularized, tubular tissue. To investigate the utility of these devices as cell delivery devices, enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells) were seeded onto the devices in vitro. Enterocytes were found to attach to these devices and form an organized epithelial cell layer. These results suggest that these devices may be an appropriate delivery vehicle for transplanting cells and engineering new tubular tissues.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Salerno, Simona, Franco Tasselli, Enrico Drioli та Loredana De Bartolo. "Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Hollow Fiber Membranes for the Biofabrication of a Vascularized Human Liver Tissue". Membranes 10, № 6 (27 травня 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10060112.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The creation of a liver tissue that recapitulates the micro-architecture and functional complexity of a human organ is still one of the main challenges of liver tissue engineering. Here we report on the development of a 3D vascularized hepatic tissue based on biodegradable hollow fiber (HF) membranes of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) that compartmentalize human hepatocytes on the external surface and between the fibers, and endothelial cells into the fiber lumen. To this purpose, PCL HF membranes were prepared by a dry-jet wet phase inversion spinning technique tailoring the operational parameters in order to obtain fibers with suitable properties. After characterization, the fibers were applied to generate a human vascularized hepatic unit by loading endothelial cells in their inner surface and hepatocytes on the external surface. The unit was connected to a perfusion system, and the morpho-functional behavior was evaluated. The results demonstrated the large integration of endothelial cells with the internal surface of individual PCL fibers forming vascular-like structures, and hepatocytes covered completely the external surface and the space between fibers. The perfused 3D hepatic unit retained its functional activity at high levels up to 18 days. This bottom-up tissue engineering approach represents a rational strategy to create relatively 3D vascularized tissues and organs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Nicholls, Danielle L., Sara Rostami, Golnaz Karoubi, and Siba Haykal. "Perfusion decellularization for vascularized composite allotransplantation." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212211238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221123893.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Vascularized composite allotransplantation is becoming the emerging standard for reconstructive surgery treatment for patients with limb trauma and facial injuries involving soft tissue loss. Due to the complex immunogenicity of composite grafts, patients who undergo vascularized composite allotransplantation are reliant on lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Decellularization of donor grafts to create an extracellular matrix bio-scaffold provides an immunomodulatory graft that preserves the structural and bioactive function of the extracellular matrix. Retention of extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and signaling cascades allow for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Perfusion decellularization of detergents through the graft vasculature allows for increased regent access to all tissue layers, and removal of cellular debris through the venous system. Grafts can subsequently be repopulated with appropriate cells through the vasculature to facilitate tissue regeneration. The present work reviews methods of decellularization, process parameters, evaluation of adequate cellular and nuclear removal, successful applications of perfusion decellularization for use in vascularized composite allotransplantation, and current limitations.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Sirrine, Justin M., Allison M. Pekkanen, Ashley M. Nelson, Nicholas A. Chartrain, Christopher B. Williams, and Timothy E. Long. "3D-Printable Biodegradable Polyester Tissue Scaffolds for Cell Adhesion." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 9 (2015): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch15327.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional (3D) printing, has emerged as a viable technique for the production of vascularized tissue engineering scaffolds. In this report, a biocompatible and biodegradable poly(tri(ethylene glycol) adipate) dimethacrylate was synthesized and characterized for suitability in soft-tissue scaffolding applications. The polyester dimethacrylate exhibited highly efficient photocuring, hydrolyzability, and 3D printability in a custom microstereolithography system. The photocured polyester film demonstrated significantly improved cell attachment and viability as compared with controls. These results indicate promise of novel, printable polyesters for 3D patterned, vascularized soft-tissue engineering scaffolds.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Liu, Xinhui, Guoping Zhang, Chuanyong Hou, Hua Wang, Yelin Yang, Guoping Guan, Wei Dong, Hongyang Gao, and Qingling Feng. "Vascularized Bone Tissue Formation Induced by Fiber-Reinforced Scaffolds Cultured with Osteoblasts and Endothelial Cells." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/854917.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The repair of the damaged bone tissue caused by damage or bone disease was still a problem. Current strategies including the use of autografts and allografts have the disadvantages, namely, diseases transmission, tissue availability and donor morbidity. Bone tissue engineering has been developed and regarded as a new way of regenerating bone tissues to repair or substitute damaged or diseased ones. The main limitation in engineering in vitro tissues is the lack of a sufficient blood vessel system, the vascularization. In this paper, a new-typed hydroxyapatite/collagen composite scaffold which was reinforced by chitosan fibers and cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells was fabricated. General observation, histological observation, detection of the degree of vascularization, and X-ray examination had been done to learn the effect of vascularized bone repair materials on the regeneration of bone. The results show that new vessel and bone formed using implant cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells. Nanofiber-reinforced scaffold cultured with osteoblasts and endothelial cells can induce vascularized bone tissue formation.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Parker, Kevin, Jonathan Carroll-Nellenback, and Ronald Wood. "The 3D Spatial Autocorrelation of the Branching Fractal Vasculature." Acoustics 1, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics1020020.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The fractal branching vasculature within soft tissues and the mathematical properties of the branching system influence a wide range of important phenomena from blood velocity to ultrasound backscatter. Among the mathematical descriptors of branching networks, the spatial autocorrelation function plays an important role in statistical measures of the tissue and of wave propagation through the tissue. However, there are open questions about analytic models of the 3D autocorrelation function for the branching vasculature and few experimental validations for soft vascularized tissue. To address this, high resolution computed tomography scans of a highly vascularized placenta perfused with radiopaque contrast through the umbilical artery were examined. The spatial autocorrelation function was found to be consistent with a power law, which then, in theory, predicts the specific power law behavior of other related functions, including the backscatter of ultrasound.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Namestnikov, Michael, Oren Pleniceanu, and Benjamin Dekel. "Mixing Cells for Vascularized Kidney Regeneration." Cells 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051119.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The worldwide rise in prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) demands innovative bio-medical solutions for millions of kidney patients. Kidney regenerative medicine aims to replenish tissue which is lost due to a common pathological pathway of fibrosis/inflammation and rejuvenate remaining tissue to maintain sufficient kidney function. To this end, cellular therapy strategies devised so far utilize kidney tissue-forming cells (KTFCs) from various cell sources, fetal, adult, and pluripotent stem-cells (PSCs). However, to increase engraftment and potency of the transplanted cells in a harsh hypoxic diseased environment, it is of importance to co-transplant KTFCs with vessel forming cells (VFCs). VFCs, consisting of endothelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal stem-cells (MSCs), synergize to generate stable blood vessels, facilitating the vascularization of self-organizing KTFCs into renovascular units. In this paper, we review the different sources of KTFCs and VFCs which can be mixed, and report recent advances made in the field of kidney regeneration with emphasis on generation of vascularized kidney tissue by cell transplantation.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Kim, Il-Kug, and Hak Chang. "Surgical treatment of lymphedema." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 63, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.4.206.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Lymphedema is a debilitating and progressive condition, which results in the accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the interstitial compartments of tissues and hypertrophy of adipose tissue due to the impairment of lymphatic circulation. The mainstay of current lymphedema treatment is nonsurgical management such as complex decongestive therapy and compression therapy. Recently, surgical treatment of lymphedema based on microsurgery has been developed to enable the functional recovery of lymphatic drainage and has complemented nonsurgical treatment. Lymphaticovenular anastomosis and vascularized lymph node transfer are representative physiologic surgeries in the treatment of lymphedema. Lymphaticovenular anastomosis is conducted to drain lymphatic fluid from obstructed lymphatic vessels to the venous circulation through surgically created lymphaticovenous shunts. Vascularized lymph node transfer involves harvesting lymph nodes with their vascular supply and transferring this vascularized tissue to the lymphedema lesion as a free flap. In addition to physiologic surgeries, ablative surgeries such as direct excision and liposuction also can be performed, especially for end-stage cases. Indications for surgical treatment vary across institutions. It is important not to delay physiologic surgery in mild to moderate cases of lymphedema.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Poul, Sedigheh S., Juvenal Ormachea, Stefanie J. Hollenbach, and Kevin J. Parker. "Validations of the Microchannel Flow Model for Characterizing Vascularized Tissues." Fluids 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5040228.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The microchannel flow model postulates that stress-strain behavior in soft tissues is influenced by the time constants of fluid-filled vessels related to Poiseuille’s law. A consequence of this framework is that changes in fluid viscosity and changes in vessel diameter (through vasoconstriction) have a measurable effect on tissue stiffness. These influences are examined through the theory of the microchannel flow model. Then, the effects of viscosity and vasoconstriction are demonstrated in gelatin phantoms and in perfused tissues, respectively. We find good agreement between theory and experiments using both a simple model made from gelatin and from living, perfused, placental tissue in vitro.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Статті в журналах з теми "Vascularized tissue"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями