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Статті в журналах з теми "Vascular plant and bird richness"
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Loos, Jacqueline, Jochen Krauss, Ashley Lyons, Stephanie Föst, Constanze Ohlendorf, Severin Racky, Marina Röder, Lennart Hudel, Volker Herfert, and Teja Tscharntke. "Local and landscape responses of biodiversity in calcareous grasslands." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 8-9 (May 26, 2021): 2415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02201-y.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAcross Europe, calcareous grasslands become increasingly fragmented and their quality deteriorates through abandonment and land use intensification, both affecting biodiversity. Here, we investigated local and landscape effects on diversity patterns of several taxonomic groups in a landscape of highly fragmented calcareous grassland remnants. We surveyed 31 grassland fragments near Göttingen, Germany, in spring and summer 2017 for vascular plants, butterflies and birds, with sampling effort adapted to fragment area. Through regression modelling, we tested relationships between species richness and fragment size (from 314 to 51,395 m2), successional stage, habitat connectivity and the per cent cover of arable land in the landscape at several radii. We detected 283 plant species, 53 butterfly species and 70 bird species. Of these, 59 plant species, 19 butterfly species and 9 bird species were grassland specialists. Larger fragments supported twice the species richness of plants than small ones, and hosted more species of butterflies, but not of birds. Larger grassland fragments contained more grassland specialist plants, but not butterfly or bird specialists. Increasing amounts of arable land in the landscape from 20 to 90% was related to the loss of a third of species of plants, and less so, of butterflies, but not of birds. Per cent cover of arable land negatively correlated to richness of grassland specialist plants and butterflies, but positively to grassland specialist birds. We found no effect by successional stages and habitat connectivity. Our multi-taxa approach highlights the need for conservation management at the local scale, complemented by measures at the landscape scale.
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Magnússon, B., S. H. Magnússon, E. Ólafsson, and B. D. Sigurdsson. "Plant colonization, succession and ecosystem development on Surtsey with reference to neighbouring islands." Biogeosciences 11, no. 19 (October 9, 2014): 5521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5521-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Plant colonization and succession on the volcanic island of Surtsey, formed in 1963, have been closely followed. In 2013, a total of 69 vascular plant species had been discovered on the island; of these, 59 were present and 39 had established viable populations. Surtsey had more than twice the species of any of the comparable neighbouring islands, and all of their common species had established on Surtsey. The first colonizers were dispersed by sea, but, after 1985, bird dispersal became the principal pathway with the formation of a seagull colony on the island and consequent site amelioration. This allowed wind-dispersed species to establish after 1990. Since 2007, there has been a net loss of species on the island. A study of plant succession, soil formation and invertebrate communities in permanent plots on Surtsey and on two older neighbouring islands (plants and soil) has revealed that seabirds, through their transfer of nutrients from sea to land, are major drivers of development of these ecosystems. In the area impacted by seagulls, dense grassland swards have developed and plant cover, species richness, diversity, plant biomass and soil carbon become significantly higher than in low-impact areas, which remained relatively barren. A similar difference was found for the invertebrate fauna. After 2000, the vegetation of the oldest part of the seagull colony became increasingly dominated by long-lived, rhizomatous grasses (Festuca, Poa, Leymus) with a decline in species richness and diversity. Old grasslands of the neighbouring islands Elliđaey (puffin colony, high nutrient input) and Heimaey (no seabirds, low nutrient input) contrasted sharply. The puffin grassland of Elliđaey was very dense and species-poor. It was dominated by Festuca and Poa, and very similar to the seagull grassland developing on Surtsey. The Heimaey grassland was significantly higher in species richness and diversity, and had a more even cover of dominants (Festuca/Agrostis/Ranunculus). We forecast that, with continued erosion of Surtsey, loss of habitats and increasing impact from seabirds a lush, species-poor grassland will develop and persist, as on the old neighbouring islands.
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Magnússon, B., S. H. Magnússon, E. Ólafsson, and B. D. Sigurdsson. "Plant colonization, succession and ecosystem development on Surtsey with reference to neighbouring islands." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2014): 9379–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-9379-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Plant colonization and succession on Surtsey volcanic island, formed in 1963, have been closely followed. In 2013, a total of 69 vascular plant species had been discovered on the island; of these 59 were present and 39 had established viable populations. Surtsey had more than twice the species of any of the comparable neighbouring islands and all their common species had established on Surtsey. The first colonizers were dispersed by sea, but after 1985 bird-dispersal became the principal pathway with the formation of a seagull colony on the island and consequent site amelioration. This allowed wind-dispersed species to establish after 1990. Since 2007 there has been a net loss of species on the island. A study of plant succession, soil formation and invertebrate communities in permanent plots on Surtsey and on two older neighbouring islands (plants and soil) has revealed that seabirds, through their transfer of nutrients from sea to land, are major drivers of development of these ecosystems. In the area impacted by seagulls dense grassland swards have developed and plant cover, species richness, diversity, plant biomass and soil carbon become significantly higher than in low-impact areas, which remained relatively barren. A similar difference was found for the invertebrate fauna. After 2000, the vegetation of the oldest part of the seagull colony became increasingly dominated by long-lived, rhizomatous grasses (Festuca, Poa, Leymus) with a decline in species richness and diversity. Old grasslands of the neighbouring islands Elliðaey (puffin colony, high nutrient input) and Heimaey (no seabirds, low nutrient input) contrasted sharply. The puffin grassland of Elliðaey was very dense and species-poor. Dominated by Festuca and Poa, it it was very similar to the seagull grassland developing on Surtsey. The Heimaey grassland was significantly higher in species richness and diversity, and had a more even cover of dominants (Festuca/Agrostis/Ranunculus). We forecast that with continued erosion of Surtsey, loss of habitats and increasing impact from seabirds a lush, species poor grassland will develop and persist, as on the old neighbouring islands.
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Giragosov, V. E., N. A. Milchakova, E. P. Karpova, I. E. Drapun, and S. A. Kovardakov. "Conservation value of the Kruglaya Bay and the rationale to establish a new protected object in Sevastopol (Crimea, Black Sea)." Scientific notes of the “Cape Martyan” Nature Reserve, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2413-3019-2021-12-155-178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The bays of the northern coast of the Heraclean Peninsula including the Kruglaya Bay are characterized by the abundance and diversity of the winter hydrophilic ornithocomplex, which is one of the largest in Crimea. To date, the bird list of the Kruglaya Bay includes 75 species. Its coast and water areas are suitable for the wintering of hydrophilic birds, of which 8 species winter annually and 20 - periodically. The total number of birds was 0.99-1.38 thousand individuals during the main wintering period (December-January) in different years, with a significant dominance (55-72%) of the coot and black-headed gull. The protected species include 13 bird species listed in the Red Data Books (RDB) of various ranks, of which 10 species are represented in the RDB of the Russian Federation, 4 in the RDB of Sevastopol and 4 in the IUCN List of Threatened Species. In addition to the diverse and numerous hydrophilic ornithocomplex, a significant species richness of aquatic organisms and a variety of benthic biotopes were observed in the Bay. The ichthyofauna is represented by 60 species (2 of them are protected), the macrophyte flora includes 41 species (4 protected), the macrozoobenthos - 124 species (7 protected), and 43 species of the epiphyton are registered. 90 vascular plant species have been identified in the coastal zone, of which 12 species are protected. Large regular and seasonal accumulations of hydrophilic birds, a high degree of biota diversity, the presence of many protected species and diverse biotopes testify to the nature conservation value of the Bay. They are the basis to establish an ornithological reserve in its water area with a protection regime in winter, as one of the largest avifauna reserves in Southern Crimea.
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Sullivan, T. P., and D. S. Sullivan. "Vegetation management and ecosystem disturbance: impact of glyphosate herbicide on plant and animal diversity in terrestrial systems." Environmental Reviews 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a03-005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conservation of biological diversity (biodiversity) is becoming an integral part of the sustainable management of forest- and agro-ecosystems. A vital part of these systems is weed control, or vegetation management, to enhance crop production. Because of its widespread use and environmental compatibility, this review was designed to evaluate glyphosate herbicide in terms of: (i) its role as a disturbance agent and (ii) a measure of its impact on species diversity of terrestrial plants and animals. Our analyses were based on 60 published studies of terrestrial plants and animals in temperate zone forest- and agro-ecosystems. Species richness and diversity of vascular plants was either unaffected or increased, particularly herbaceous species, in response to glyphosate. Responses of plant species in forest ecosystems differ from those in agro-ecosystems where glyphosate is used to repeatedly reduce non-crop vegetation in most situations. Richness and diversity of songbirds appeared little affected by glyphosate-induced habitat alteration. In studies on small mammal communities and glyphosate use, none found significant reductions in species richness or diversity. As for avian responses, some small mammal species declined temporarily whereas others increased in abundance. The impact of glyphosate on large mammalian herbivores was measured by abundance of animals and food plants and by habitat use. Hares (Lepus spp. L.) and deer (Odocoileus spp. Rafinesque and Capreolus capreolus L.) were little affected, whereas reductions in plant biomass and related moose (Alces alces L.) forage and habitat use generally occur for 15 years after treatment. Studies on terrestrial invertebrates covered a wide range of taxa with variable responses in abundance to glyphosate treatments. The magnitude of observed changes in mean species richness and diversity of vascular plants, birds, and small mammals, from the effects of herbicide treatment, were within the mean values of natural fluctuations of these variables. The biological significance of this impact is limited to shifts in species composition based on changes in floral composition and structure of habitats. Management for a mosaic of habitats within forest and agricultural landscapes, which provide a range of conditions for plant and animal species, should help ameliorate the short-term changes in species composition accompanying vegetation management with glyphosate.Key words: agro-ecosystems, forests, glyphosate, plants and animals, species richness and diversity, vegetation management.
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Zhang, Jian, Hong Qian, Marco Girardello, Vincent Pellissier, Scott E. Nielsen, and Jens-Christian Svenning. "Trophic interactions among vertebrate guilds and plants shape global patterns in species diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1883 (July 25, 2018): 20180949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trophic interactions play critical roles in structuring biotic communities. Understanding variation in trophic interactions among systems provides important insights into biodiversity maintenance and conservation. However, the relative importance of bottom-up versus top-down trophic processes for broad-scale patterns in biodiversity is poorly understood. Here, we used global datasets on species richness of vascular plants, mammals and breeding birds to evaluate the role of trophic interactions in shaping large-scale diversity patterns. Specifically, we used non-recursive structural equation models to test for top-down and bottom-up forcing of global species diversity patterns among plants and trophic guilds of mammals and birds (carnivores, invertivores and herbivores), while accounting for extrinsic environmental drivers. The results show that trophic linkages emerged as being more important to explaining species richness than extrinsic environmental drivers. In particular, there were strong, positive top-down interactions between mammal herbivores and plants, and moderate to strong bottom-up and/or top-down interactions between herbivores/invertivores and carnivores. Estimated trophic interactions for separate biogeographical regions were consistent with global patterns. Our findings demonstrate that, after accounting for environmental drivers, large-scale species richness patterns in plant and vertebrate taxa consistently support trophic interactions playing a major role in shaping global patterns in biodiversity. Furthermore, these results suggest that top-down forces often play strong complementary roles relative to bottom-up drivers in structuring biodiversity patterns across trophic levels. These findings underscore the importance of integrating trophic forcing mechanisms into studies of biodiversity patterns.
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Kissling, W. D., R. Field, H. Korntheuer, U. Heyder, and K. Böhning-Gaese. "Woody plants and the prediction of climate-change impacts on bird diversity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1549 (July 12, 2010): 2035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current methods of assessing climate-induced shifts of species distributions rarely account for species interactions and usually ignore potential differences in response times of interacting taxa to climate change. Here, we used species-richness data from 1005 breeding bird and 1417 woody plant species in Kenya and employed model-averaged coefficients from regression models and median climatic forecasts assembled across 15 climate-change scenarios to predict bird species richness under climate change. Forecasts assuming an instantaneous response of woody plants and birds to climate change suggested increases in future bird species richness across most of Kenya whereas forecasts assuming strongly lagged woody plant responses to climate change indicated a reversed trend, i.e. reduced bird species richness. Uncertainties in predictions of future bird species richness were geographically structured, mainly owing to uncertainties in projected precipitation changes. We conclude that assessments of future species responses to climate change are very sensitive to current uncertainties in regional climate-change projections, and to the inclusion or not of time-lagged interacting taxa. We expect even stronger effects for more specialized plant–animal associations. Given the slow response time of woody plant distributions to climate change, current estimates of future biodiversity of many animal taxa may be both biased and too optimistic.
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Brunbjerg, Ane Kirstine, Hans Henrik Bruun, Lars Dalby, Camilla Fløjgaard, Tobias G. Frøslev, Toke T. Høye, Irina Goldberg, et al. "Vascular plant species richness and bioindication predict multi‐taxon species richness." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 12 (October 5, 2018): 2372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13087.
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Rost, J., J. M. Bas, and P. Pons. "The importance of piled wood debris on the distribution of bird-dispersed plants in burned and logged Mediterranean pine forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 1 (2012): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf10068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant dispersal and colonisation are important processes in vegetation recovery after fire and, for several species, depend on the presence of frugivorous avian seed dispersers. In burned and salvage-logged Mediterranean pine forests, the occurrence of disperser birds is enhanced by the presence of wood debris piles built as erosion barriers, which become seed dispersal foci. We hypothesised that the distribution of bird-dispersed plants after fire could be determined by the presence of wood piles. We analysed the differences in species richness and overall cover of bird-dispersed plants, as well as the cover of the most common species, within piles and outside them. We also tested if micro-environmental conditions (slope orientation and pile size) might influence plant occurrence. We found more species and overall cover within piles, when located on southern and south-eastern slopes, than outside them. Moreover, taller piles showed higher values of bird-dispersed plant cover and richness. Therefore, wood piles may provide the necessary conditions for bird-dispersed plant recruitment in dry burned areas. To our knowledge, this is the first reported man-made structure that clearly benefits the recovery of bird-dispersed plants in burned areas, and suggests that piles may be a useful restoration measure when logging Mediterranean burned forests.
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Nepali, Babu Ram, John Skartveit, and Chitra Bahadur Baniya. "Interpolated Altitudinal Species Richness in Arghakhachi District of Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (June 14, 2020): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v25i1.29447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The magnitude of climatic variables over space and time determines the altitudinal variation of species richness. The present study has been carried out to determine the vascular plant species richness patterns along with altitude in the Arghakhanchi district (27° 45' to 28º 06' N and 80° 45' to 83° 23' E), West Nepal. The published literature related to the altitudinal distribution of vascular plant species in Arghakhanchi district was collected and enlisted a total of 597 species. The altitudinal range of the Arghakhanchi district was 200-2300 meters above sea level (masl) which was divided equally into 21 bands of 100 m each. The total number of vascular species that occurred at each 100 m contour elevation was considered as the species richness. The objective of this study was to find the vascular plant species richness pattern in Arghakhanchi district concerning altitude and climatic variables. The generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to the total species richness against altitude, annual mean temperature (AMT), and mean annual rainfall (MAR). Total vascular species richness showed a statistically significant unimodal pattern with a maximum richness of 471 species at 1300 masl (r2= 0.91; p < 0.001). Likewise, gymnosperm, dicot, monocot, and pteridophyte species richness showed a highly significant unimodal altitudinal richness pattern. Altitudes of modeled maximum species richness were found varied according to the taxa.
Дисертації з теми "Vascular plant and bird richness"
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Levy, Foster, and Elaine S. Walker. "Vascular Flora of the Rocky Fork Tract, Tennessee, USA, and Its Use in Conservation and Management." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A flora of the 3800 ha Rocky Fork Tract in northeast Tennessee produced 749 species of which 19 were on the Tennessee Rare Plant List and 34 were on the Cherokee National Forest Species Viability List with 87 county records from Greene County and 217 from Unicoi County. Rare species were particularly numerous in the Cyperaceae and Orchidaceae. The tract serves as a refuge for several regionally uncommon species by supporting either large populations or metapopulations of these species. Exotic species comprised 15% of the flora and were most common in the Fabaceae and Poaceae. The most unique habitat was a heath bald dominated by Rhododendron catawbiense with abundant Xerophyllum asphodeloides in the herbaceous layer. While species richness was relatively high compared to regional sites of comparable area, diversity was limited by the absence of high elevation spruce-fir communities and the paucity of wetlands.
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Broshot, Nancy Ellen. "The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 1999. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3962.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of urbanization and continual human disturbance on the plant and avian communities of Forest Park and forested lands surrounding Portland, Oregon, were studied. I examined characteristics of plant and avian communities at 25 sites, 24 which were in Forest Park and surrounding areas and one which was in the Ancient Forest Preserve (old-growth stand) northwest of Forest Park. Data were analyzed using multiple regression, ANOV A, and Bonferonni/Dunn. Seven variables were selected representing different urbanization gradients. An additional covariable coded for the old-growth stand, allowing it to be used as a control.
Many tree variables, especially those related to shade-tolerant species, were positively correlated with both the distance from downtown Portland and the number of houses in the surrounding area, and negatively correlated with the distance from the nearest forest edge; however, many shrub and herbaceous variables were negatively correlated with the distance from downtown Portland. Species diversity for herbaceous and shrub species was greater at more urban sites, but diversity of trees was lower at more urban sites. There were significantly more non-native species of plants in the city section. I found significantly fewer saplings and small trees, especially shade-tolerant species, in the section of Forest Park closest to downtown Portland, although tree mortality was positively correlated with distance from Portland.
Summer bird data revealed significant increases in the abundances of urban and edge species at more urban sites, with concomitant reductions in forest species. There were significantly more ground gleaning birds and short distance migratory species. I also found a significantly greater abundance of birds in the old-growth stand during the winter. This increase was positively correlated with the depth of snow in the nearby Cascade Mountains.
My results indicate that Forest Park is apparently progressing in a normal successional pattern with the exception of the city section. The reduction in shade tolerant saplings and small trees in the city section suggest that rate of succession has been slower at more urban sites. Avian data suggest that urbanization affects bird species abundance and guild composition in the more urban areas.
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Schmiedel, Inga Verfasser], Heike [Akademischer Betreuer] Culmsee, Erwin [Akademischer Betreuer] Bergmeier, Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, Renate [Akademischer Betreuer] Bürger-Arndt, Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bögeholz, Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Behling, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hauck. "Vascular plant species richness at the landscape scale: Patterns and processes / Inga Schmiedel. Gutachter: Erwin Bergmeier ; Christoph Leuschner ; Renate Bürger-Arndt ; Susanne Bögeholz ; Hermann Behling ; Markus Hauck. Betreuer: Heike Culmsee." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072550598/34.
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Zinko, Ursula. "Plants go with the flow : predicting spatial distribution of plant species in the boreal forest." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Ekologi och geovetenskap, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-315.
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Mannaf, Maksuda. "Examining the spatial influences of natural capital in the Australian agricultural landscape." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/132861.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Overall, this thesis seeks to explore – using three case studies - the environmental and economic influences and outcomes of on-farm natural capital in the Australian agricultural landscape over space and time. In particular, it explored: 1) the spatial influences on the adoption of certified organic farming (which is used as a proxy indicator of natural capital conservation technologies) at a regional level in Australia using agricultural census data from 2010/11 and 2015/16; 2) the association between the presence of certified organic farming and regional biodiversity at the postcode level over sixteen years in South Australia; and 3) the association between farm land value and natural capital in the forms of native woody vegetation coverage and climate in South Australia over sixteen years. The first case study focused on Australia as a whole and modelled farmers’ adoption behaviour of certified organic farming (using it as a proxy for sustainable agriculture technologies to conserve on-farm natural capital such as soil, water, and biodiversity). Spatial diffusion of organic farming represents an interesting case study, given the large amount of skills and knowledge regarding management of natural resources that organic farmers need to apply/learn for their farms’ viability. Although farmers’ adoption and diffusion behaviour is well studied in the literature, modelling of the role of spatial spill-over effects on diffusion intensity, especially in regards to the adoption of organic farming, is not well known. This thesis uses national Australian agricultural census data from 2010/11 and 2015/16 and a SLX Tobit model (N=2,134) to model the influences on the intensity of the diffusion of organic farming (namely percentage of organic land holding) in regional areas, and found statistically significant local spatial spill-over effects from neighbouring regions’ characteristics. In addition, a higher share of organic farmland in regions is associated with regional characteristics such as: larger irrigated farms; lower stocking rates; increased proportion of grazing and horticultural land; increased labour supply; increased green vegetation; rural areas with low human population density; and higher community income. The second study explored the associations between farmers’ land use behaviour (i.e. the extent of certified organic farming in a region) and regional biodiversity outcomes (vascular plant and bird species richness) at the postcode level. This study put together a new dataset on certified organic farming presence and locations in South Australia, using databases from organic certifiers. The spatial association between biodiversity indicators and organic farming was analysed using a spatial Durbin error model, while controlling for the effects of landscape attributes, human population footprint, climate and productivity from 2001 to 2016 (N=5,456) in South Australia. The results found that increased organic farming presence in postcode areas had a statistically significant positive association with vascular plant species richness, but little to no statistically significant association was found for bird species richness. Environmental heterogeneity in terms of land cover diversity, elevation range, and plant productivity seems to be the other prime determinants of plant and bird species richness. The third study focused on the association between native woody vegetation on agricultural properties and their economic values in South Australia, using both sales and valuation prices of agricultural properties from 1998 to 2013 (N=10,513). Findings from the spatio-temporal Durbin model revealed that the presence of native woody vegetation on agricultural properties significantly increased the per hectare market price (i.e. price sold in the market), but at a decreasing rate as the proportion of vegetation increased. The marginal return of vegetation was highest for small size properties and lowest for larger properties. In addition, the direct effects of increased annual rainfall, increased soil natural productivity, increased market accessibility, proximity to locational amenities, smaller size properties, availability of irrigation, and higher commodity price were also positively capitalised into sales prices. On the other hand, increased drought and high soil erodibility significantly reduced per hectare sales prices. Comparing valuation price models with sales price models, it was found that the valuation prices seem to undervalue the presence of native vegetation on agricultural properties and hence provide weaker evidence of the value of on-farm natural capital in the South Australian context.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Centre for Global Food and Resources, 2021
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Schmiedel, Inga. "Vascular plant species richness at the landscape scale: Patterns and processes." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5DD7-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Die auf verschiedenen Skalen-Ebenen heterogene Verteilung des Artenreichtums fasziniert Naturforscher und Biologen seit Jahrhunderten, so dass eine Vielzahl von Hypothesen zur Erklärung dieser Muster aufgestellt wurde. Es besteht breiter Konsens darüber, dass eine Vielzahl verschiedener Prozesse für die Variation des Artenreichtums verantwortlich ist. Je nachdem welche Taxa, welche Orte und welche räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen betrachtet werden, wird den verschiedenen Faktoren dabei eine unterschiedlich große Bedeutung zugemessen. Umweltgradienten gelten in diesem Zusammenhang als die wichtigsten, den Artenreichtum bestimmende Faktoren. Da jedoch die Landschaften und damit Habitate der Arten weltweit und vor allem in Mitteleuropa stark anthropogen überprägt sind, sollte der auf den Artenreichtum wirkende Einfluss anthropogener Interventionen in diesem Zusammenhang nicht vernachlässigt werden. Die durch den Menschen und seine Aktivitäten verursachten Landnutzungsänderungen, eine steigende Landschaftsfragmentierung und -degradation sowie die Intensivierung der Landnutzung haben sich bereits im Verlust (halb-)natürlicher Landschaftselemente, dem Rückgang der Biodiversität und der Verschlechterung von Ökosystemfunktionen niedergeschlagen; eine weitere Verschlechterung der Zustände wird vorhergesagt.
In diesem Zusammenhang dient die Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten vielfach dazu, den auf die Arten und ihre Habitate wirkenden Druck zu vermindern. Da die Lage dieser Gebiete jedoch häufig nicht auf Grundlage der Kenntnis über das Vorkommen von Arten bestimmt wurde, dürfte die Effektivität der Schutzgebiete für den Artenschutz vielfach eingeschränkt sein.
Die vorliegende, die norddeutschen Bundesländer Niedersachsen und Bremen umfassende Arbeit untersucht 1.) die Muster des Artenreichtums der Gefäßpflanzenarten in den beiden Ländern; 2.) die Effektivität des Schutzgebietsnetzwerks des norddeutschen Tieflands für den Schutz seltener und bedrohter Gefäßpflanzenarten und 3.) den Zusammenhang zwischen Mustern des Artenreichtums und den ihnen zugrundeliegenden Prozessen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des anthropogenen Einflusses. Die Arbeit basiert auf einem umfangreichen, im Rahmen des Niedersächsischen Pflanzenartenerfassungsprogramms (NLWKN 1982-2003) erhobenen Datensatzes, der räumlich explizite Informationen zur Verbreitung aller in den Bundesländern vorkommenden Arten liefert. Die floristischen Daten wurden für die durchgeführten Analysen mit hochaufgelösten Daten zu Landbedeckung und Umweltbedingungen kombiniert. Damit repräsentiert die vorliegende Arbeit die erste umfassende Auswertung des umfangreichen floristischen Datensatzes.
Für die Untersuchung der Muster des Gefäßpflanzenreichtums innerhalb der Untersuchungsregion wurden für die Gesamtzahl der Arten sowie für fünf auf Grundlage des floristischen Status’ und des Gefährdungsgrades der Arten zusammengestellte Untergruppen der Artenreichtum pro Landschaftseinheit (1.762 Messtischblatt-Quadranten à ca. 30 km²) berechnet. Der Artenreichtum aller Gruppen zeigte eine heterogene Verteilung in der Untersuchungsregion, wobei eine Zunahme der Artenzahlen von Nord nach Süd und zum Teil auch von West nach Ost erkennbar war. Die Zentren hoher Artenvielfalt der verschiedenen Gruppen korrelierten miteinander.
Die Analyse der Effektivität der Schutzgebiete für den Schutz der seltenen und bedrohten Gefäßpflanzenarten zeigte, dass die Artvorkommen im niedersächsischen Tiefland zu einem relativ hohen Anteil durch Naturschutz- und Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Gebiete abgedeckt sind, wobei letztere Gebiete die erstgenannten sinnvoll ergänzten. Im Rahmen der Analyse konnte jedoch nicht untersucht werden, inwiefern sich der nachgewiesene effektive Gebietsschutz in einem effektiven Artenschutz niederschlägt.
Der anthropogene Einfluss auf die Landschaft der Untersuchungsregion wurde im Rahmen zweier separater Analysen untersucht, wobei der Zusammenhang zwischen Artenreichtum und Landschaftsfragmentierung einerseits und dem Grad der Landschaftsmodifikation andererseits analysiert wurde.
Die Landschaftsfragmentierung wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit mittels des Landschaftsmaßes der 'Effektiven Maschenweite' (meff; engl. Effective Mesh Size Index) untersucht. Der Zusammenhang zwischen meff und dem Artenreichtum aller Gefäßpflanzenarten sowie fünf weiteren nach ihrem floristischen bzw. Gefährdungsstatus definierten Gruppen wurde mittels einer Varianzpartitionierung ermittelt, die die Effekte der Landschaftsfragmentierung von den durch Umweltvariablen und räumliche Autokorrelation der Daten verursachten Effekten separiert. Der Grad der Landschaftsfragmentierung erklärte einen signifikanten, jedoch unterschiedlich großen Anteil des Artenreichtums aller untersuchten Gruppen, wobei der stärkste Effekt für die Gruppe der Neophyten und der geringste für die Gruppe der seltenen und bedrohten Arten erkennbar waren.
Eine Cluster-Analyse auf Grundlage verschiedener, die Komposition und Konfiguration der Landschaft beschreibender Landschaftsmaße identifizierte für die Modellregion einen sechsstufigen 'Landschaftsmodifikations'-Gradienten. Dieser Gradient reichte von stark fragmentierten urbanen hin zu wenig fragmentierten Landschaften mit hohem Waldanteil. Der Gesamtartenreichtum sowie die Artenzahlen von sieben verschiedenen, nach ihrem floristischen Status, ihrer Gefährdung bzw. ihrer Habitat-Bindung bestimmten Artengruppen zeigten signifikante Unterschiede entlang des Gradienten. Die Gesamtartenzahl wie auch der Reichtum der indigenen, der bedrohten sowie der an Waldlebensräume und nährstoffarme Habitate gebundenen Arten war jeweils an den Enden des Gradienten am höchsten. Der Reichtum der Neophyten sowie der an urbane Räume und nährstoffreiche Habitate gebundenen Arten nahm dagegen von den urbanen zu den wenig beeinflussten Landschaften hin ab.
Die im Rahmen der Arbeit erhaltenen Ergebnisse können zukünftig als Grundlage für naturschutzfachliche Planungen in der Untersuchungsregion dienen, indem sie die Ausweisung von für den Naturschutz relevante Landschaftsräume unterstützen. Sofern entsprechende, qualitativ mit denen der vorliegenden Arbeit vergleichbare Grundlagendaten vorliegen, eignen sich die im Rahmen der Arbeit angewendeten und entwickelten Methoden, um auf andere Regionen übertragen zu werden und auch dort naturschutzfachliche und landschaftsplanerische Prozesse zu unterstützen.
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Maas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Vascular plant and bird richness"
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Eagleson, Peter S. Range and richness of vascular land plants: The role of variable light. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2009.
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Eagleson, Peter S. Range and richness of vascular land plants: The role of variable light. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2009.
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Range and richness of vascular land plants: The role of variable light. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2009.
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Eagleson, Peter S. Range and Richness of Vascular Land Plants: The Role of Variable Light. American Geophysical Union, 2013.
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Eagleson, Peter S. Range and Richness of Vascular Land Plants: The Role of Variable Light. American Geophysical Union, 2013.
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Eagleson, Peter S. Range and Richness of Vascular Land Plants: The Role of Variable Light. American Geophysical Union, 2013.
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Eagleson, Peter S. Range and Richness of Vascular Land Plants: The Role of Variable Light. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.
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Esler, Karen J., Anna L. Jacobsen, and R. Brandon Pratt. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739135.003.0001.
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Mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions have long been of interest to scientists and they formed the basis for many early ecological studies. This has included comparisons of the vegetation within these regions (mediterranean-type vegetation) as well as other functional, climatic, and historical studies and comparisons. Comparing MTC regions and the species that occur within them has been used to test the evolutionary convergence hypothesis. Continuing scientific interest in MTC regions is linked to their unusually high levels of species richness and biodiversity. These regions have the highest species richness outside of the tropics, particularly in vascular plant diversity, as well as high levels of endemism. International research activities and meetings have provided the opportunity for scholars to collaborate across MTC regions and have fostered an active comparative research environment from the 1960s to the present.
Частини книг з теми "Vascular plant and bird richness"
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Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo, Victor Cardona, Ernest I. Hennig, Isabell Hensen, Doreen Hoffmann, Jasmin Lendzion, Daniel Soto, Sebastian K. Herzog, and Michael Kessler. "Non-woody life-form contribution to vascular plant species richness in a tropical American forest." In Forest Ecology, 87–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2795-5_8.
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Matthies, Sarah, Daniella Kopel, Stefan Rüter, Marina Toger, Rüdiger Prasse, Daniel Czamanski, and Dan Malkinson. "Vascular Plant Species Richness Patterns in Urban Environments: Case Studies from Hannover, Germany and Haifa, Israel." In Modeling of Land-Use and Ecological Dynamics, 107–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40199-2_6.
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Catalano, Chiara, Salvatore Pasta, and Riccardo Guarino. "A Plant Sociological Procedure for the Ecological Design and Enhancement of Urban Green Infrastructure." In Future City, 31–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75929-2_3.
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AbstractUrban green infrastructure could represent an important mean for environmental mitigation, if designed according to the principles of restoration ecology. Moreover, if suitably executed, managed and sized, they may be assimilated to meta-populations of natural habitats, deserving to be included in the biodiversity monitoring networks. In this chapter, we combined automatised and expert opinion-based procedures in order to select the vascular plant assemblages to populate different microhabitats (differing in terms of light and moisture) co-occurring on an existing green roof in Zurich (Switzerland). Our results lead to identify three main plant species groups, which prove to be the most suitable for the target roof. These guilds belong to mesoxeric perennial grasslands (Festuco-Brometea), nitrophilous ephemeral communities (Stellarietea mediae) and drought-tolerant pioneer species linked to nutrient-poor soils (Koelerio-Corynephoretea). Some ruderal and stress-tolerant species referred to the class Artemisietea vulgaris appear to fit well with local roof characteristics, too. Inspired by plant sociology, this method also considers conservation issues, analysing whether the plants selected through our procedure were characteristic of habitats of conservation interest according to Swiss and European laws and directives. Selecting plant species with different life cycles and life traits may lead to higher plant species richness, which in turn may improve the functional complexity and the ecosystem services provided by green roofs and green infrastructure in general.
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Wohlgemuth, Thomas. "Environmental Determinants of Vascular Plant Species Richness in the Swiss Alpine Zone." In Mountain Biodiversity, 103–16. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429342585-8.
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Horning, Ned, Julie A. Robinson, Eleanor J. Sterling, Woody Turner, and Sacha Spector. "Human interfaces and urban change." In Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199219940.003.0019.
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For the first time in human history, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas, and the patterns of suburbanization and urban sprawl once characteristic of North America are now present globally (Obaid 2007). As conservation biologists seek to prioritize conservation efforts worldwide, urbanization and agricultural development emerge as two of the most extensive processes that threaten biodiversity. Suburban and rural sprawl are significant drivers of forest fragmentation and biodiversity loss (e.g., Murphy 1988; Radeloff et al. 2005). Data on human impacts is often averaged across political boundaries rather than biogeographic boundaries, making it challenging to use existing data sets on human demography in ecological studies and relate human population change to the changes in populations of other species. Remotely sensed data can make major contributions to mapping human impacts in ecologically relevant ways. For example, Ricketts and Imhoff (2003) assigned conservation priorities (based on species richness and endemism) for the United States and Canada using several different types of remotely sensed data. For mapping urban cover, they used the map of “city lights at night” from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (Imhoff et al. 1997) to classify land as urbanized or not urbanized. For mapping agricultural cover, they used the USGS North America Seasonal Land Cover map (Loveland et al. 2000), derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), lumping five categories to create an agricultural land class. For ecological data, they used a compilation of ecoregion boundaries combined with range maps for over 20,000 species in eight taxa (birds, mammals, butterflies, amphibians, reptiles, land snails, tiger beetles, and vascular plants; Ricketts et al. 1999). Analyzing these data, Ricketts and Imhoff (2003) identified a strong correlation between species richness and urbanization. Of the 110 ecoregions studied, 18 ranked in the top third for both urbanization and biodiversity (species richness, endemism, or both); some of the ecoregions identified as priorities were not identified by a previous biodiversity assessment that did not include the remotely sensed mapping of urbanization (Ricketts et al. 1999).
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Vascular plant and bird richness"
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Degtyareva, S. I., and V. D. Dorofeeva. "METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE STATE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS USING A TEST OBJECT." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Voronezh, Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_49-55.
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To study the assessment of the state of forest ecosystems on the level of biodiversity of mosses and vascular plants in the Voronezh upland oak grove, a transect from the watershed to the reservoir was laid. The influence of geomorphological factors on the spore component – mossy and vascular plants-is considered. Taxonomic, ecological-biological, and geographical analyses of the flora were carried out. Geobotanical survey methods were used to assess the state of phytocenoses. The regularities in the ecotopic distribution of plants are revealed, taking into account the score and the projective coverage, and the parameters for assessing the biodiversity of ecosystems are proposed and used in research. Mosses and vascular plants manifest themselves differently in different phytocenoses, often without reflecting the features of landscape and ecological conditions. But, as the results showed, the majority of plant species (from 55.9% and above) belong to mesophytes. As a result, low indicators of species richness, species density, and generic.
Звіти організацій з теми "Vascular plant and bird richness"
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Broshot, Nancy. The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5846.
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Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. Bird community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Missouri: Status report 2008–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287875.
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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Wilson’s Creek National Monument, Missouri, in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park and to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 38 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-min sampling period were recorded. In the 13 years since initiating our breeding bird survey, birds were surveyed on as many of the 38 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 444 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 119 different species of birds. Ninety-eight of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 18 are classified as transients in the area, and 3 as winter residents to the area. Eight breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region in which Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield is located. Of the 98 breeding species recorded, 12 species in grassland habitat and 15 in woodland habitat occurred in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for most species, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred but it is not certain that trends were <5% per year. The Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) population in grassland habitat was stable. The Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) and Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens) populations in woodland habitat were in moderate decline. Comparing population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield is faring similarly to that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices, but it could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield as management and weather and climatic conditions change is essential for park management.
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Peitz, David. Bird community monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: Status report 2008–2021. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294263.
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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park. These data also improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 99 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-minute sampling period were recorded. We surveyed for breeding birds in eight of the last 14 years on as many of the 99 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 592 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 111 different species of birds. Ninety-three of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 11 as winter residents to the area, six as transients in the area, and one as a migrant through the area. Nine breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region Pea Ridge National Military Park is located within. Of the 93 breeding species recorded, 4 species occurred in grassland and 11 in woodland habitats in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. However, only the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) in woodland habitats demonstrated any trends (moderate to strong increases) in abundance. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for the rest of the species in both grassland and woodland habitats, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. Comparisons of population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggest that the bird community at Pea Ridge National Military Park is faring similarly to or slightly better than that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any increase or decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices but could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Pea Ridge National Military Park as management and climatic conditions change is essential for park management. - -
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Peitz, David, and Naomi Reibold. Bird community monitoring at George Washington Carver National Monu-ment, Missouri: Status report 2008–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287852.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breeding bird surveys were initiated on George Washington Carver National Monument, Missouri, in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park and to improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 70 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 100 x 100-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-min sampling period were recorded. In the 13 years since initiating our breeding bird surveys on the park, birds were surveyed on as many of the 70 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 520 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 100 different species of birds. Ninety-seven of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, two are classified as transients in the area, and one as a winter resident to the area. Six breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region in which George Washington Carver National Monument is located. Of the 97 breeding species recorded, ten species in grassland habitat and six in woodland habitat occurred in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for most species, which means that there were no significant increases or decreases, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. The Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) in woodland habitat was stable. The Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) in grassland habitat was in moderate decline, and the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in grassland habitat was in steep decline. Comparing population trends (i.e., changes in population size over time) on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at George Washington Carver National Monument is faring similarly to that of the region as a whole. Trends in the park’s popula-tions of Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) and Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) in grassland habitat and Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in woodland habitat were uncertain, whereas they declined significantly in the larger region, which could be a result of management on George Washington Carver National Monument. Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) population trends, while uncertain in grassland habitat on the park, increased significantly in the region. The Red-bellied Woodpecker utilizes trees for foraging, which are sparse in the grassland habitat on the park. Declining diversity and richness values suggest that park habitat is declining in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. This decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices, but it could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on George Washington Carver National Monument as management and weather and climatic conditions change is essential for park management.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2020 data summary. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2020 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS). Fifty-six vegetation plots were established throughout the park from May through July. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2020. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, including Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands, Maritime Open Upland Grasslands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 213 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 56 vegetation plots, including 12 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: longleaf + pond pine (Pinus palustris; P. serotina), redbay (Persea borbonia), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), variable panicgrass (Dichanthelium commutatum), and hemlock rosette grass (Dichanthelium portoricense). Maritime Open Upland Grasslands: wax-myrtle, saw greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), sea oats (Uniola paniculata), and other forbs and graminoids. Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay, saw palmetto, muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Two non-native species, Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), categorized as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were encountered in four different Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. Six vascular plant species listed as rare and tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2022) were observed in these monitoring plots, including the state listed “Rare” Florida swampprivet (Forestiera segregata var. segregata) and sandywoods sedge (Carex dasycarpa) and the “Unusual” green fly orchid (Epidendrum conopseum). Longleaf and pond pine were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland habitat types; live oak was the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland types. Saw palmetto and rusty staggerbush (Lyonia ferruginea) dominated the sapling stratum within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Of the 20 tree-sized redbay trees measured during this monitoring effort only three were living and these were observed with severely declining vigor, indicating the prevalence and recent historical impact of laurel wilt disease (LWD) across the island’s maritime forest ecosystems. There was an unexpectedly low abundance of sweet grass (Muhlenbergia sericea) and saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) within interdune swale plots of Maritime Open Upland habitats on the island, which could be a result of grazing activity by feral horses. Live oak is the dominant tree-sized species across...
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...