Статті в журналах з теми "Varietal trait improvements"
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1
Richards, Richard A., Greg J. Rebetzke, Michelle Watt, A. G. (Tony) Condon, Wolfgang Spielmeyer, and Rudy Dolferus. "Breeding for improved water productivity in temperate cereals: phenotyping, quantitative trait loci, markers and the selection environment." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 2 (2010): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Consistent gains in grain yield in dry environments have been made by empirical breeding although there is disturbing evidence that these gains may have slowed. There are few examples where an understanding of the physiology and the genetics of putative important drought-related traits has led to improved yields. Success will first depend on identifying the most important traits in the target regions. It will then depend on accurate and fast phenotyping, which, in turn, will lead to: (1) trait-based selection being immediately transferable into breeding operations and (2) being able to identify the underlying genes or the important genomic regions (quantitative trait loci), perhaps leading to efficient marker-based selection (MBS). Genetic complexity, extent of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction and sampling cost per line will determine value of phenotyping over MBS methods. Here, we review traits of importance in dry environments and review whether molecular or phenotypic selection methods are likely to be the most effective in crop improvement programs and where the main bottlenecks to selection are. We also consider whether selection for these traits should be made in dry environments or environments where there is no soil water limitation. The development of lines/populations for trait validation studies and for varietal development is also described. We firstly conclude that despite the spectacular improvements in molecular technologies, fast and accurate phenotyping remains the major bottleneck to enhancing yield gains in water-limited environments. Secondly, for most traits of importance in dry environments, selection is generally conducted most effectively in favourable moisture environments.
2
Maligalig, Rio, Matty Demont, Wendy J. Umberger, and Alexandra Peralta. "Understanding Filipino Rice Farmer Preference Heterogeneity for Varietal Trait Improvements: A Latent Class Analysis." Journal of Agricultural Economics 72, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12392.
Повний текст джерела
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Kabir, M. S., MU Salam, AKMS Islam, M. A. R. Sarkar, MAA Mamun, MC Rahman, B. Nessa, et al. "Doubling Rice Productivity in Bangladesh: A Way to Achieving SDG 2 and Moving Forward." Bangladesh Rice Journal 24, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v24i2.53447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Built on deep-rooted political and cultural heritage, ‘rice security’ is the foundation of ‘food security’ in Bangladesh. The country has been in production-surplus of rice in the current decade feeding over 165 million people. This on-going ‘selfsufficiency momentum’ would require to maintain to meet increased demand from growing future population. On developmental side, Bangladesh is placed among the three of the world’s fastest growing economies in the years through to 2050. Rice sector would need to match with the pace of this growth. In addition, agriculture sector, that includes rice, is to double the productivity as the government commits to meet the SDG goal 2.3.1. This study addresses those issues through scoping increased rice production and productivity in Bangladesh, developing a plan of work (POW) on translating the scope and designing implementation plans and actions, incorporating efficiency, resilience, stability and sustainability issues, to achieve the POW. The study has used brainstorming, and rigorous analysis to achieve the objectives. The productivity has been explained in terms of yield- and labour-productivity. The developed three-winged ‘doubling rice productivity (DRP)’ framework directs yield enhancement and production accumulation in unexplored spaces (Wing-1); increased adoption of mechanization to impact on labour productivity (Wing-2), and improvements in nutritional quality and rice-based product diversity, and stabilizing the farmgate price (Wing-3). Analyses show, from the baseline figure of 35.29 MT in 2015, rice production in the country can be raised to 46.90 MT in 2030, 54.09 MT in 2040 and 60.85 MT in 2050 with combined contributions of three pillars – yield improvements by enhanced varietal potential (Pillar 1), reduction in existing yield gap (Pillar 2) and production increase by exploring unexplored spaces for rice (Pillar 3) of Wing-1 of the DRP. This production will produce a surplus of 6.50, 10.29 and 13.65 MT in 2030, 2040 and 2050, respectively, over the production target (40.40, 43.80 and 47.20 MT in 2030 and 2050, respectively). Results further reveal that through scale-appropriate mechanization backed up by estimated fair price, labour productivity in rice will be doubled by 2029, meeting the SDG 2.3.1. Good number of released varieties have been identified to have specific nutritional trait, and value adding quality. We have emphasized on much needed actions on demand-driven research for varietal development and field-adoptable management, mechanization for transplanting and harvesting operations, accommodation of rice in unexplored spaces, farmer-based speedy seed multiplication and dissemination system, establishment of commission for agricultural costs and prices, input buffer stock terminals for managing production risk, long-term storage and export of surplus production, and research-publicity-market development for rice-based products through public-private partnership. It is concluded that efficiency, resilience and sustainability around the three wings of DRP in the rice production systems to be ensured to achieve the rice production, productivity and labour use estimates. Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (2): 1-47, 2021
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Smith, A. B., B. R. Cullis, R. Appels, A. W. Campbell, G. B. Cornish, D. Martin, and H. M. Allen. "The statistical analysis of quality traits in plant improvement programs with application to the mapping of milling yield in wheat." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 12 (2001): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is well known that the response to selection for grain yield is improved with the use of appropriate experimental designs and statistical analyses. The issues are more complex for quality traits since the data are obtained from a 2-phase process in which samples are collected from the field then processed in the laboratory. This paper presents a method of analysis for quality trait data that allows for variation arising from both the field and laboratory phases. Initially, an analysis suitable for standard varietal selection is presented. This is extended to include molecular genetic marker information for the purpose of detecting quantitative trait loci. The technique is illustrated using two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations in which the trait of interest is milling yield.
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Zhao, Yawei, Haiyan Deng, Ruifa Hu, and Changzhao Xiong. "Impact of Government Policies on Seed Innovation in China." Agronomy 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2022): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040917.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seed innovation is of great importance for more sustainable agriculture and food systems. Using data on nationally approved rice varieties and farmers’ adopted varieties, this study examined rice varietal trait changes in China over the past four decades and explored the impact of national crop varietal approval policies on approved rice traits as well as the effect of seed subsidies on adopted rice trait changes. The results showed that the yield of approved varieties and adopted varieties showed an upward trend over the past decades, and the yield of approved varieties was slightly higher than that of adopted varieties in most years. The rice quality of approved rice varieties showed a trend of continuous improvement but the adopted varieties showed a downward trend. The disease resistance of the approved varieties failed to show an increasing trend overall while the adopted varieties remained unchanged. National crop variety approval policies seemed to exert a significant positive impact on approved rice yield traits but exert a negative influence on disease resistance. Subsidies for superior seed varieties significantly increased adopted rice quality but decreased yield. The results suggest that national crop variety approval policies are the gatekeeper of improved rice, so the government can improve the policies to more meet farmers’ and consumers’ needs.
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BHAT, Zahoor Ahmad, Wasakha Singh DHILLON, Rizwan RASHID, Javid Ahmad BHAT, Waseem Ali DAR, and Mohammad Yousf GANAIE. "The role of Molecular Markers in Improvement of Fruit Crops." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, no. 2 (June 13, 2010): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb224222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Markers have been used over the years for the classification of plants. Markers are any trait of an organism that can be identified with confidence and relative easy, and can be followed in a mapping population on another hand markers be defined as heritable entities associated with the economically important trait under the control of polygenes. Morphological markers can be detected with naked eye (naked eye polymorphism) or as difference in physical or chemical properties of the macromolecules. In other words, there are two types of genetic markers viz. morphological markers or naked eye polymorphism and non-morphological markers or molecular markers. Morphological markers include traits such as plant height, disease response, photoperiod, sensitivity, shape or colour of flowers, fruits or seeds etc. Molecular markers include biochemical constituents. Morphological markers have many limitations for being used as markers particularly in fruit crops because of long generation time and large size of fruit trees besides being influenced by environment. Consequently, molecular markers could be appropriate choice to study and preserve the diversity in any germplasm. Molecular markers have diverse applications in fruit crop improvement, particularly in the areas of genetic diversity and varietal identification studies, gene tagging, disease diagnostics, pedigree analysis, hybrid detection, sex differentiation and marker assisted selection.
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SAMITA, S., M. ANPUTHAS, and D. S. de Z. ABEYSIRIWARDENA. "ACCOUNTING FOR MULTI TRAITS IN RECOMMENDING RICE VARIETIES FOR DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS." Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 2 (April 2005): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704002509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recommendations of crop varieties are usually done on the basis of grain yield. However, there are other important traits related to quality and agronomy that need to be considered. This study has clearly shown that grain yield is often not related to some important traits of the crop. Under such circumstances, selection based on yield can lead to the loss of these important characters. Recent research has also indicated the need for a multi-trait approach to recommending crop varieties. However, such approaches, as suggested in the literature, are subjective and do not have a sufficient statistical basis. This study proposes a methodology for varietal recommendations by taking account of all important traits. It is a multivariate approach considered to be an improvement on the univariate method previously proposed. Data from rice varieties of 3, 3½ and 4½ month maturity groups, cultivated across diverse environments, over two seasons in Sri Lanka were used to illustrate the proposed methodology. The results suggest that the new method will be appropriate for taking in to account all important traits along with yield.
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RK, Shadmanov. "Biotechnology of Accelerated Breeding and Improvement of Cotton Varieties." Biotechnology of Accelerated Breeding and Improvement of Cotton Varieties 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/brb-0019/100001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The success of any breeding program depends upon the availability of genetic variability of traits of interest and availability of efficient markers for selection of traits. Within the last 20 years, molecular biology has revolutionized conventional breeding techniques in all areas. Biochemical and molecular techniques have shortened the duration of breeding programmes. In this article are discussed the opportunities of use of biochemical markers (enzymes and proteins) for acceleration of breeding of new and improving of existing cotton varieties on tolerance to different unfavourable environmental factors and with complex of desired traits and varietal purity. We analyzed nineteen (19) local cotton varieties and lines (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for this purpose. The indices of oxidoreductases class enzymes and two phosphoprotein markers were developed as objective biochemical markers of earliness, homogeneity, tolerance to Verticillium wilt, drought and salinity.
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Neale, David B., and Claire G. Williams. "Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping in conifers and applications to forest genetics and tree improvement." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is now technically possible to construct high-density restriction fragment length polymorphism maps for almost any conifer. Hundreds of new genetic markers will become available for forest genetics research and tree-improvement applications. Having a large number of genetic markers will improve efficiency in studies in which isozymes or other markers have traditionally been applied (e.g., genetic variation in populations, paternity analysis, varietal identification, and seed-orchard efficiency). High-density restriction fragment length polymorphism maps may make it possible to (i) identify quantitative trait loci and (ii) practice marker-assisted selection in conifer breeding.
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Pembleton, L. W., J. Wang, N. O. I. Cogan, J. E. Pryce, G. Ye, C. K. Bandaranayake, M. L. Hand, et al. "Candidate gene-based association genetics analysis of herbage quality traits in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 3 (2013): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the complex genetic architecture of perennial ryegrass, based on an obligate outbreeding reproductive habit, association-mapping approaches to genetic dissection offer the potential for effective identification of genetic marker–trait linkages. Associations with genes for agronomic characters, such as components of herbage nutritive quality, may then be utilised for accelerated cultivar improvement using advanced molecular breeding practices. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of such associations for a broad range of candidate genes involved in pathways of cell wall biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. An association-mapping panel composed from a broad range of non-domesticated and varietal sources was assembled and assessed for genome-wide sequence polymorphism. Removal of significant population structure obtained a diverse meta-population (220 genotypes) suitable for association studies. The meta-population was established with replication as a spaced-plant field trial. All plants were genotyped with a cohort of candidate gene-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Herbage samples were harvested at both vegetative and reproductive stages and were measured for a range of herbage quality traits using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Significant associations were identified for ~50% of the genes, accounting for small but significant components of phenotypic variance. The identities of genes with associated SNPs were largely consistent with detailed knowledge of ryegrass biology, and they are interpreted in terms of known biochemical and physiological processes. Magnitudes of effect of observed marker–trait gene association were small, indicating that future activities should focus on genome-wide association studies in order to identify the majority of causal mutations for complex traits such as forage quality.
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Mishchenko, S. V., H. I. Kyrychenko, and I. M. Laiko. "A new multiple purposes variety of industrial hemp ‘Artemida’ with a high oil content and fiber quality." Plant varieties studying and protection 17, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.17.1.2021.228208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. Creation of industrial hemp variety of multiple purposes with the absence of cannabinoid compounds, high oil content in seeds and fiber quality. Methods. Breeding (self-pollination, varietal-linear hybridization in the conditions of a vegetation house, selection), field, laboratory, instrumental-technological assessment of fiber quality, mathematical statistics. Results. The ‘Artemida’ variety was created as a result of hybridization of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety with the self-pollinated line of the sixth generation of the ‘Zolotoniski 15’ variety and selection for stabilization of high productivity traits and improvement of quality trait of hemp production. The variety belongs to the medium-ripe group; the growing season is 94 days before the phase of technological maturity and 118 days before the phase of biological maturity. When grown for fiber, the variety had a higher fiber yield (2.56 t/ha), the yield of all fiber (30.4% and including long fiber 27.6%). When grown for fiber and seeds, the plant is significantly inferior in height, which is positive for harvesting seeds with a combine harvester, has a significantly higher seed yield (1.29 t/ha), oil content (36.8%) and fiber yield (2.01 t/ha) in comparison with the standard of the variety ‘Hliana’. The analysis of the correspondence between the empirical and theoretical distribution of such a trait as the oil content in the seeds of elite plants of the ‘Artemida’ variety indicates its high stability. A notable feature of the variety is the formation of friendly seedlings and intensive plant growth at the beginning of the growing season, which helps to reduce the weediness of crops. Conclusions. The new variety of hemp ‘Artemida’ of multiple purposes belongs to the Central European ecological and geographical type, although created as a result of varietal-linear hybridization of different types with selection on the basis of productivity, is characterized by complete absence of cannabinoid compounds, high oil content and fiber quality. The variety is recommended for growing for fiber and seeds. Due to its high yield potential, it is competitive in the industrial hemp market.
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Srichant, Nawaporn, Sompong Chankaew, Tidarat Monkham, Petcharat Thammabenjapone, and Jirawat Sanitchon. "Development of Sakon Nakhon Rice Variety for Blast Resistance through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Sakon Nakhon (SKN) rice cultivar is non-photosensitive, rich in aroma, and an excellent choice for cooking quality; which adapts well to both upland and lowland conditions. Furthermore, it has been adopted by Thailand’s sugarcane growers, as it has proved fit for an upland crop preceding the sugarcane cropping system. However, SKN is very susceptible to blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The purpose of this study was to breed SKN for blast resistance, using marker-assisted backcrossing, together with phenotypic selection. The breeding population was constructed by crossing the SKN (recurrent) with the RD6 introgression line (donor), which contained four blast resistant quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Franking microsatellite markers for blast resistance QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 11 and 12 were used for selection through BC2F2. Thirteen BC2F3 selected lines were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, and seven lines of BC2F4 were evaluated against blast, along with their agronomic traits, under field conditions (upland and lowland). SKN 39-10-19-29-12 and SKN 39-10-19-29-13 presented high resistance to leaf and neck blast; and were non-photosensitive, with the same agronomic traits as the SKN. This study successfully demonstrates the improvement of the recommended SKN variety blast resistance, while maintaining similar agronomic traits.
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Ferdousi, Jannatul, Mohammad Zakaria, Md Azizul Hoque, Satya Ranjan Saha, Nasrin Akter Ivy, and Md Iqbal Hossain. "Morphological Characterization of Twenty One Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes Collected from Native and Alien Sources." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 5 (September 4, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.5.254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sweet pepper is one of the most important nutritious vegetable and its demand is increasing day by day in Bangladesh indicating need to characterize and assess morphological variability for varietal improvement programme. Twenty-one sweet pepper genotypes from native and alien sources were characterized for twenty-six morphological traits using vegetative and reproductive appearances at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh from October 2018 to March 2019. Marked variation was exhibited among twenty-six qualitative traits (26) studied. Twenty-two (22) characters showed undeniable variation among the genotypes. The presence of higher percentage (61.90%) of light purple color at node were observed indicated high amount of anthocyanin content. Leaf shape is used as genotypes identifier at vegetative stage and herein three types of leaves were found with dark green color (76.19%) that is highly correlates with yield. In case of flower, same level of stigma exertion (61.90%) with 100% white color corolla indicates higher number of fruit sett were exhibited. Entire genotypes exerted one or more exclusive characters especially fruit shape and color in Bangladesh perspective which could be used as an important breeding tools. Fruit color was observed in various categories at intermediate and mature stage as for instance yellow, green, purple, orange, red etc. in addition higher percentage of blocky fruit shape (38.09%) were observed and these are the consumer fascinating attributes of sweet pepper. However, selection of genotypes with desirable morphological trait can be used for their exploitation of future breeding programme.
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Ferdousi, Jannatul, Mohammad Zakaria, Md Azizul Hoque, Satya Ranjan Saha, Nasrin Akter Ivy, and Md Iqbal Hossain. "Morphological Characterization of Twenty One Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes Collected from Native and Alien Sources." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 5 (September 4, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.5.254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sweet pepper is one of the most important nutritious vegetable and its demand is increasing day by day in Bangladesh indicating need to characterize and assess morphological variability for varietal improvement programme. Twenty-one sweet pepper genotypes from native and alien sources were characterized for twenty-six morphological traits using vegetative and reproductive appearances at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh from October 2018 to March 2019. Marked variation was exhibited among twenty-six qualitative traits (26) studied. Twenty-two (22) characters showed undeniable variation among the genotypes. The presence of higher percentage (61.90%) of light purple color at node were observed indicated high amount of anthocyanin content. Leaf shape is used as genotypes identifier at vegetative stage and herein three types of leaves were found with dark green color (76.19%) that is highly correlates with yield. In case of flower, same level of stigma exertion (61.90%) with 100% white color corolla indicates higher number of fruit sett were exhibited. Entire genotypes exerted one or more exclusive characters especially fruit shape and color in Bangladesh perspective which could be used as an important breeding tools. Fruit color was observed in various categories at intermediate and mature stage as for instance yellow, green, purple, orange, red etc. in addition higher percentage of blocky fruit shape (38.09%) were observed and these are the consumer fascinating attributes of sweet pepper. However, selection of genotypes with desirable morphological trait can be used for their exploitation of future breeding programme.
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Barholia, Arun Kumar, and Sangeeta Yadav. "Genetic Merit Based Genotype Selection for Physical Fruit Traits in Mango." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 2, no. 6 (June 19, 2014): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i6.260-262.119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Selection indices based on their genetic merit of fruit characters were constructed for fruit yield/tree in 48 genotypes in mango (Mangifera indica L.). Genotypes, SBM 01-35, SBM 01-26, SBM 01-9, SBM 01- 10 and SBM 01-26 in on year while, SBM 01-12, SBM 01-36, SBM 01-26, SBM 01-28 and SBM 01- 9 in off year recorded highest fruit yield /tree. Genotypes SBM 01-10, SBM 01-36, SBM 01-09, SBM 01-30 and SBM 01-6 exhibited comparatively high estimates of selection indices during on year while, SBM 01-36 followed by SBM 01-12, Totapari, SBM 01-17 and SBM 01-29 showed the maximum estimates of selection index for fruit yield/ tree during off year. Alphonso followed by SBM 01-5, SBM 01-13, Langra and SBM 01-14 during on year and Dashehari, Safeda, SBM 01-3 and SBM 01-39 in off year exhibited the minimum estimates of varietal indices. Genotypes differed considerably in their ranking pattern based on selection indices. Genotypes SBM 01-9, SBM 01-10, SBM 01-30, SBM 01-6 and SBM 01-36 showed maximum varietal indices and phenotypic performance in both the years thus, appeared promising for use as parent in mango improvement programme.
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Iseghohi, Innocent, Ayodeji Abe, Silvestro Meseka, Wende Mengesha, Melaku Gedil, and Abebe Menkir. "Assessing Effect of Marker-Based Improvement of Maize Synthetics on Agronomic Performance, Carotenoid Content, Combining Ability and Heterosis." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111625.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world. Understanding the effect of marker-based improvement (MARS) of two maize synthetics (HGA and HGB) representing different heterotic groups on their agronomic performance, carotenoid content, and combining abilities could help identify suitable sources to develop divergent inbred lines for optimizing heterosis. This study involved three selection cycles each of the two synthetics and their nine varietal-cross hybrids together with a released check variety was conducted across four diverse locations in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Environment and hybrid effects were significant on grain yield and other agronomic traits as well as provitamin A content and other carotenoids. Genetic improvement per cycle of MARS in the parental synthetics was 15% for provitamin A, 25% for β-carotene and 26% for lutein in HGA and 4% for grain yield, 3% for zeaxanthin and 5% for α-carotene in HGB. Grain yield and agronomic traits of the two maize synthetics were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, while provitamin A content and other carotenoids were mainly controlled by additive gene effects. Some selection cycles which were high in grain yield and provitamin A content were identified as potential sources of new and divergent maize inbred lines in maize breeding programs. Some varietal-cross hybrids expressed significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and moderate mid-parent heterosis for provitamin A, β-carotene and xanthophylls. These hybrids could be commercialized at reasonable prices to small-scale farmers in rural areas that are most affected by vitamin A deficiency.
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Goswami, Manika, Kaushal Attri, and Isha Goswami. "Applications of Molecular Markers in Fruit Crops: A Review." International Journal of Economic Plants 9, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0459.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Markers are any trait of an organism that can be identified with confidence and relative ease, and can be followed in a mapping population or they can be defined as heritable entities associated with the economically important trait under the control of polygenes. Molecular markers have diverse applications in fruit crop improvement, particularly in the areas of genetic diversity and varietal identification studies, disease diagnostics, hybrid detection, sex differentiation and marker assisted selection. Molecular markers provide new directions to the efforts of plant breeders particularly in gene localization, taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis and also play an important role to decrease the time required for development of new and excellent cultivars. The most interesting application of molecular markers is marker-assisted selection (MAS). Suitable DNA markers should be polymorphic in the nature and should be expressed in all tissues, organs, at various developmental stages. Compared with traditional breeding programs, molecular markers can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of fruit breeding programs.
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Shabolkina, E. N., N. V. Anisimkina, and M. V. Belyaeva. "TECHNOLOGICAL AND BREAD BAKING TRAITS OF TRITICALE." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 2 (May 12, 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-62-2-21-26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Winter triticale, carrying the genes of its parental forms, has taken both the positive properties of wheat and rye (a significant amount of protein, presence of gluten, content of biologically active aromatic substances) and negative (a large amount of soluble albumin and globulin proteins and especially high activity of amylolytic enzymes). The weather conditions during the vegetation, as well as the varietal characteristics of this grain crop are of great influence on the grain quality. Therefore, cultivation of winter triticale with high biochemical and baking properties is an important problem in the conditions of the Steppe Zavolzhie, in the zone of risky farming. The article presents the results of study conducted during 2007–2016 on the experimental plots of the Samarsky RIA. To establish an objective assessment of winter triticale quality, there was carried out a study of biochemical, technological and baking traits. Under favorable conditions for plant growth and development, winter triticale accumulates a significant percentage (18.3–18.8) of protein in kernels; forms grain with strong starch and low enzymatic activity (252–274 c of “falling number”, 300–520 a. u. of water-flour viscosity). Analysis of the baking traits of triticale has showed that it is necessary to take into account all the subtleties related to the dough process and the recipe. Due to the low gas-holding capacity and dough thinning (dilution), triticale is almost never used in its pure baking form. When 50 and 70% of triticale is added to flour, there is a significant improvement in bread quality, namely in volume and in texture, in dimensional stability and sensory characteristics (6.2 cm3/g of specific volume; 4.5 points of baking). The study results show that more attention should be paid to the varietal characteristics of winter triticale in the conditions of the Steppe Zavolzhie.
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James, A. T., and R. J. Lawn. "Application of physiological understanding in soybean improvement. II. Broadening phenological adaptation across regions and sowing dates." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 1 (2011): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10290.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes the implementation of a strategy to develop high-yielding soybean cultivars with wider adaptation across latitudes and sowing dates using the ‘long juvenile’ (LJ) trait to ‘convert’ elite temperate cultivars to subtropical and tropical adaptation. In an initial proof-of-concept evaluation, temperate semi-dwarf cultivars from Ohio in the Mid-West of the USA (40°N) were converted into genotypes adapted to the subtropics of southern Queensland (25–28°S), of which cv. Melrose was the first to be released for commercial production. The effect of the LJ trait was to delay flowering of the new genotypes by 10–14 days depending on temperature, while retaining the high yield potential and lodging resistance of the temperate varieties. The temperate cultivars were insensitive to photoperiod in the subtropics, and this attribute was largely retained in cv. Melrose. The LJ trait was also used to convert temperate culinary soybean varieties from eastern Asia to subtropical–tropical adaptation, although susceptibility to disease required the simultaneous introgression of resistance genes from additional sources. Several elite LJ oilseed and culinary varieties with broad adaptation in eastern Australia have since been developed. Like Melrose, these varieties are earlier maturing (110–125 days duration) than traditional, full-season cultivars (120–140 days depending on sowing date), less sensitive to photoperiod, and require higher plant populations than full-season varieties for maximum yield. However, they can be grown over a wider range of latitudes and sowing dates than full-season varieties. Similarly, the LJ trait was used to delay flowering of very early flowering, photoperiod-insensitive soybean varieties used in Asian farming systems, increasing yield potential without changing photoperiod insensitivity. The broadening of varietal adaptation over latitudes and sowing dates has allowed public soybean breeding resources to be rationalised, with one national Australian program replacing four previous, regionally focused programs. The research provides a tangible example of how physiological understanding of genotype × environment interaction contributed to soybean improvement in eastern Australia.
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Mat Sulaiman, Nur Nadzirah, Mohd Y. Rafii, Janejira Duangjit, Shairul Izan Ramlee, Chalermpol Phumichai, Yusuff Oladosu, Debi Rani Datta, and Ibrahim Musa. "Genetic Variability of Eggplant Germplasm Evaluated under Open Field and Glasshouse Cropping Conditions." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Knowledge of agro-morphological genetic variation and cropping conditions on vegetative and yield-related traits plays a significant role in varietal improvement and production of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Following this premise, the current study was conducted to critically asses the genetic variation of 29 eggplant accessions by using agro-morphological characterization evaluated under two cropping conditions, namely, glasshouse and open field. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on vegetative and yield characteristics were collected and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 9.4, while variance components were estimated manually. The results obtained from the analysis of variance indicated a highly significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) for all characteristics studied in both cropping conditions. The evaluated accessions were grouped into six major clusters based on agro-morphological traits using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram. Hence, crosses between group I with VI or V could be used to attain higher heterosis and vigor among the accessions. Also, this evaluation could be used as a selection criterion for important yield agronomic traits in eggplant. The methodology and the approaches used may provide a model for the enhancement of other vegetable crop diversity towards adaptability to the cropping condition decision. This result displayed importance for preserving eggplant germplasm for future varietal development and revealed that open field cropping condition is more suitable under Malaysia’s agroecology.
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Budiarti, Sri Gajatri. "Plasma Nutfah Jagung sebagai Sumber Gen dalam Program Pemuliaan." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 13, no. 1 (October 6, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v13n1.2007.p1-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>In December 2005, maize germplasm collection at the institute were 886 accessions consisted of 581 local varieties, 165 introduced varieties, 107 inbred, lines, and 33 old and the present improved varieties. Required traits in varietal improvement or development are drought tolerant, tolerant to Al-toxicity, early maturity, have better quality, resistant to downy mildew disease, resistant to insect Atherigona exigua and high yield. Maize germplasm must be characterized accordingly. Evaluation for Al toxicity was conducted at Tamanbogo, Lampung, 100-200 accessions of maize germplasm and tolerance to drought were conducted in Jakenan and Imogiri Central Java, 63-100 accessions. Evaluation for downy mildew resistance was conducted at Cikeumeuh Bogor, 100-200 accessions. Evaluation for resistance to seedingfly was conducted at Cikeumeuh, 75-100 accessions. The results of evaluation conducted from 1999-2004 were: 30 accessions tolerant to drought, 21 accessions. tolerant to Al-toxicity, 70 accessions resistant to downy mildew disease (Peronosclerospora maydis), 22 accessions resistant to seeding fly (Atherigona exigua), 126 accessions had very early maturity <80 days (consisted of 31 accessions had yellow seed, 35 accessions had white seed, and 60 accessions had other colour seed). Accessions having good characters, need to be further tested prior to their use in the breeding program, particularly the accessions resistant to Atherigona exigua in monoculture test.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Sampai Desember 2005 koleksi plasma nutfah jagung di bank gen BB-Biogen berjumlah 886 aksesi yang terdiri dari 581 varietas lokal, 165 varietas introduksi, 107 galur inbrida, dan 33 varietas unggul lama dan baru. Sifat-sifat yang diinginkan dalam perakitan varietas antara lain adalah toleran kekeringan dan keracunan Al, berumur genjah, mutu gizi baik, dan tahan terhadap penyakit bulai, hama lalat bibit, dan hasil tinggi. Untuk tujuan tersebut, plasma nutfah perlu dikarakterisasi dan dievaluasi. Uji toleransi keracunan Al dilakukan di Tamanbogo, Lampung terhadap 100-200 aksesi. Uji kekeringan dilakukan di Jakenan dan Imogiri, Jawa Tengah terhadap 63-100 aksesi. Uji ketahanan penyakit bulai dilakukan di Cikeumeuh, Bogor terhadap 100-200 aksesi. Pengujian ketahanan terhadap lalat bibit dilakukan di Cikeumeuh terhadap 75-100 aksesi. Hasil pengujian sejak tahun 1999-2007 diperoleh informasi sebagai berikut: sebanyak 30 aksesi mempunyai sifat toleran terhadap kekeringan, 21 aksesi toleran keracunan Al, 70 aksesi sangat tahan penyakit bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis), dan 22 aksesi tahan terhadap hama lalat bibit (Atherigona exigua), 126 aksesi berumur sangat genjah (<80 hari). Aksesi-aksesi tersebut perlu diuji kembali kemantapan sifatnya sebelum digunakan dalam program pemuliaan, khususnya untuk aksesi yang tahan hama lalat bibit perlu diuji secara monokultur.</p>
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Wang, Ruixue, Roderick M. Rejesus, Jesse B. Tack, and Serkan Aglasan. "Do higher temperatures influence how yields respond to increasing planting density?" Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 50, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2021.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study explores how higher temperatures influence corn yield response to planting density. Using 1990–2010 field trial data from Wisconsin and econometric models with a variety of specifications, we find that higher temperatures reduce the yield benefits of increasing planting density. However, these adverse high-temperature effects are smaller for genetically modified corn varieties, especially those with rootworm-resistant traits. Consistent with previous studies, these results support the notion that varietal improvements through genetic modification may have paved the way for higher planting densities in US corn production. Moreover, our results imply that expected in-season temperatures are important considerations when making planting density decisions.
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Tesfaye, Deressa. "Participatory Variety Selection of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Tools to Understand Farmer’s Selection Criteria in Major Field Pea Producing Areas of South Eastern Arsi Zone of Ethiopia." Research International Journal of Plant Science and Ecology 01, no. 01 (2021): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37179/rijpse.000002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Field pea is one of the grain food legumes contributing an enormous amount of protein to the human diet in Arsi zone. It is a long time ago that fi eld pea crop improvement started in which more than 16 new varieties released those are selected primarily for yield potential, but there is a trait left considered as a very import by majority of farmers. The current study intended to identify traits that farmers consider most important when deciding which varieties to grow. The study was conducted at south eastern Arsi of Ethiopia, representing fi ve major fi eld pea producing location, in one growing season, using a participatory variety selection approach. A total of nine improved and one local check fi eld pea varieties are used. Majority of farmers’ were found around fourteen traits that can infl uence the selected varieties across all locations. There are also some traits those are more sensitive to gender diff erence. Among fourteen traits, nine were considered particularly important in one or all the location in a growing season. Unfortunately, there are preferred traits that are not given high priority by the current fi eld pea breeding program in Ethiopian. This study indicated that there is no fi eld pea variety possesses all desirable characteristics that meet the diverse farmers’ selection criteria that adapted to varied location and a growing season. It is better if farmers’ preference traits would be considered in breeding program for a country Ethiopia where the crop is consumed as a stable food.
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Voronov, S. I., A. M. Medvedev, A. V. Nardid, E. N. Liseenko, C. D. Zhikharev, and N. G. Poma. "On the issue of winter triticale selection improvement in the Central region non-Black Earth area conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 843, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/843/1/012001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the conditions of the Moscow region, in 1993-2020, more than 1.0 thousand Triticale Wittmack cultivars were studied, including new varieties and lines, by using diallel crossings (DIAC) (5 × 5) and other field and laboratory experiments. Tests of varietal samples in DIAC in 2011-2012 using the method of Hayman (1954) showed that the traits of winter triticale are characterized by an additive-dominant inheritance scheme. The dominant genes made the main contribution to the increase in productivity traits, and the prospects of a particular cross-breeding combination depended on their concentration. In the competitive test (CSI) in 2015-2020, the best productivity was found in the Gera variety - 8.15 t/ha (the standard one is 7.29 t/ha). It is shown that over the past 25 years in the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” created more than 25 varieties of winter triticale, 12 varieties submitted to the State Register, 6 varieties are now in production, including variety Nina, released in 2013 for the Central region and combines with Samara Research Institute of Agriculture variety Capella, made to the State Register from 2019.
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Bourgou, Larbouga, Jane K. Dever, Monica Sheehan, Carol M. Kelly, Sidiki K. Diané, and Mahamadou Sawadogo. "Diallel Crosses of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) from Burkina Faso and Texas A&M AgriLife Research—1-Analysis of Agronomic Traits to Improve Elite Varieties from Burkina Faso." Agronomy 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040939.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cotton breeding progress stagnation, changing production conditions, and continued high fiber quality demands are challenging the cotton industry in Burkina Faso. The F1 populations developed by half diallel crosses between germplasm from Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Burkina Faso were evaluated for several agronomic traits. The aim was to identify the most promising parents and hybrids for further varietal improvement. Three AgriLife parents helped improve the most important targeted traits. Parent 15-3-416 reduced days to 50% flowering (−3.14 days) and shortened plant height (−22.25 cm) in hybrids while 16-2-216FQ improved their fiber percentage (+2.68%). Hybrids with Burkina Faso elite cultivar E32 as male parent and the three best AgriLife parents as the females showed good specific combining ability (SCA). FK37 × 15-10-610-7 and FK64 × 15-10-610-7 showed heterosis for earliness by reducing, respectively, days to 50% flowering (−4.27 days) or days to 50% boll opening (−3.95 days) below parent means. E32 × 16-2-216FQ and FK64 × 16-2-216FQ increased fiber percentage by +1.75% and +2.06%, respectively. FK64 × 15-3-416 increased seed index (SI) (+0.62 g) and fiber percentage (+1.19%), while maintaining other traits at the parents’ average levels. E32 × 15-3-416 showed the most heterosis for desired improvements, reducing days to 50% flowering (−4) and increasing the number of bolls/vegetative branch (+3.05), number of bolls/fruiting branch (+6.38), number of bolls/plant (+13.49), boll weight (+1.53 g), SI (+0.40 g), and fiber percentage (+1.18%). Inter-program crosses show the potential to enhance genetic diversity in Burkina Faso’s breeding program. Subsequent selection methods must be carefully applied considering the Burkina Faso breeding objectives for future cultivars.
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Tasma, I. Made. "Aplikasi Teknologi DNA untuk Akselerasi Program Pemuliaan Ketahanan Tanaman Kakao terhadap Hama dan Penyakit Utama." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 35, no. 4 (March 13, 2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v35n4.2016.p155-166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>ABSTRACT<br />One of the main constraints on cacao cultivation is disease and insect pest attacks causing significant yield loss. The main insect pests and diseases on cacao plantation are cacao pod borer, cacao<br />fruit rot, vascular streak dieback and cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Conventional breeding method to obtain new cacao clones resistant to insect pests and diseases is a slow process. It may take 1520 years to obtain a new superior clone. Applying DNA technology should expedite cacao breeding program. The article described the application of DNA technology currently available to expedite cacao breeding program for disease and insect resistance. Many genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of important traits have been discovered related to cacao plant productivity and yield quality, disease and insect pest resistance traits. Modern genomic technologies as well as DNA marker have also been applied in cacao breeding program. Genetic transformation technology has been explored its application for cacao improvement. With the development of modern genomic technology, important gene/QTL discoveries would be faster to accelerate insect pest and disease resistant cultivar development. All these new DNA technologies have been assessed their potential applications for coping important pest and disease and for yield improvement. DNA technologies, mainly MAS and genomic-data based breeding technologies are ready to be applied to support breeding programs for main pest and disease resistance to enhance Indonesian cacao productivity and quality.<br />Keywords: Cacao, disease and insect resistance, genomics, DNA markers, genetic transformation, marker-assisted breeding<br /><br /></p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Salah satu kendala utama dalam budi daya kakao ialah serangan hama dan penyakit. Hama dan penyakit utama kakao adalah penggerek buah kakao (PBK), busuk buah kakao (BBK), vascular streak dieback (VSD), dan cacao mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman kakao secara konvensional berjalan lambat dan perlu waktu panjang. Untuk menghasilkan satu varietas unggul diperlukan waktu 15-20 tahun. Aplikasi teknologi DNA (genomika melalui pemuliaan berbantuan marka dan rekayasa genetik) dapat mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman kakao. Tulisan ini mengulas teknologi DNA yang tersedia saat ini dan potensi aplikasinya untuk mempercepat pemuliaan kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Penemuan marka DNA dan gen/quantitative trait loci (QTL) kakao berkembang cukup pesat. Banyak gen dan QTL karakter penting telah diidentifikasi yang terkait ketahanan hama dan penyakit serta produktivitas tanaman. Teknologi genomika dan pemanfaatan teknik marker-assisted selection (MAS) juga telah diaplikasikan untuk pemuliaan kakao termasuk untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Teknologi rekayasa genetik telah diteliti untuk menganalisis potensi pemanfaatannya dalam perbaikan bahan tanam kakao. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi genomika modern, penemuan gen/QTL unggul dapat dipercepat, lebih efisien dan komprehensif untuk mempercepat perakitan varietas unggul kakao tahan hama dan penyakit. Teknologi DNA khususnya MAS dan pemuliaan berbasis data genom siap diaplikasikan untuk mendukung program perbaikan ketahanan tanaman kakao terhadap hama dan penyakit utama dalam rangka peningkatan produktivitas dan mutu kakao nasional. <br /><br /></p>
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Oladosu, Yusuff, M. Y. Rafii, Norhani Abdullah, Mohammad Abdul Malek, H. A. Rahim, Ghazali Hussin, Mohammad Abdul Latif, and Isiaka Kareem. "Genetic Variability and Selection Criteria in Rice Mutant Lines as Revealed by Quantitative Traits." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/190531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Genetic based knowledge of different vegetative and yield traits play a major role in varietal improvement of rice. Genetic variation gives room for recombinants which are essential for the development of a new variety in any crop. Based on this background, this work was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity of derived mutant lines and establish relationships between their yield and yield components using multivariate analysis. To achieve this objective, two field trials were carried out on 45 mutant rice genotypes to evaluate their growth and yield traits. Data were taken on vegetative traits and yield and its components, while genotypic and phenotypic coefficients, variance components, expected genetic advance, and heritability were calculated. All the genotypes showed variations for vegetative traits and yield and its components. Also, there was positive relationship between the quantitative traits and the final yield with the exception of number of tillers. Finally, the evaluated genotypes were grouped into five major clusters based on the assessed traits with the aid of UPGMA dendrogram. So hybridization of group I with group V or group VI could be used to attain higher heterosis or vigour among the genotypes. Also, this evaluation could be useful in developing reliable selection indices for important agronomic traits in rice.
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KANDEL, Bishnu Prasad. "Varietal Evaluation and Clustering of Early Maize Genotypes in Mid-Western Hilly Region of Nepal." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 77, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2020.0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eleven early maize (Zea mays) genotypes were evaluated for their yield and yield component traits at the research block of Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS) Lumle, Kaski, Nepal during Kharif season of 2016. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that all the studied genotypes differed significantly for grain yield as well as other yield component traits except number of kernel per row. Out of tested genotypes COMPOZ-NIPB, EEYC1, POP-445/POP-446 were three top performer genotypes yielding 6.89, 5.38 and 5.19 t ha-1. Early mid Katamari, Rajahar local, Manakamana-5, EEYC1 were statistically at par with Arun-4(standard check) and will be needed further evaluation and improvement by a selection of desirable traits. Eleven genotypes occupied three different clusters and showed that early maize genotypes suggest considerable genetic diversity among themselves. Genotypes belong to cluster one having the highest yield potentials so need to be further evaluation in different location of mid hill and recommended best variety for that domain.
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Islam, MZ, T. Chakrabarty, N. Akter, ESMH Rashid, M. Khalequzzaman, and MAZ Chowdhury. "Genetic Variability, Character Association and Path Analysis in Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm from Bangladesh." Bangladesh Rice Journal 22, no. 1 (June 17, 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v22i1.41835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The success of varietal development programmme largely depends on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and characters association of the crop. The objective of the present study was to estimate the extent of genetic variability and relation between yield and related characters of rice. Forty Boro rice germplasm were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for 14 quantitative characters. The presence of slightly higher phenotypic coefficient of variation than genotypic coefficient of variation indicated the negligible influence of environment on the expression of yield and its component traits. Leaf length, days to flowering, days to maturity and 1000 grain weight showed highly positive significant correlation present with yield hill-1. High heritability had been observed for yield contributing traits during the study, suggested that these traits would respond to selection owing to their high genetic variability and transmissibility. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the inheritance of traits, their heritability and relationship with other important characteristics is important for the choice of breeding and selection methods for crop improvement.
Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(1): 35-43
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Abdel-Rahem, Mohamed, Tamer H. A. Hassan, and Hamdy A. Zahran. "Heterosis for seed, oil yield and quality of some different hybrids sunflower." OCL 28 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Twenty-one hybrids of sunflower were produced by crossing 7 introduced cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS-lines) with 3 restorer lines (RF-lines) using line × tester mating design. The twenty-one hybrids, three restorers, seven maintainer lines (B-lines) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design of three replications. Mean squares due to genotypes, parents (P), crosses (C), lines (L), testers (T), P vs. C, for stearic acid and line × tester for palmitic acid. The inbred lines and their F1 hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. The variances due to specific combining ability (SCA) were higher than general combining ability (GCA) variances for all the studied traits, showing non-additive type of gene action controlling the traits. Non-additive type of gene action can be utilized for varietal improvement through heterosis breeding. Heterosis values for seed yield plant−1 were positive and highly significant relative to both the parental mean (17.68–72.38%) and the better parent (−2.86–56.842%). Significantly and negative heterosis was recorded in the case of linoleic acid relative to the parental mean (−81.24 to −38.02%) and better parent (−66.24–22.87%). With oleic acid, the heterotic effect ranged from −14.18 to 39.59% (parental mean) and from −15.06 to 38.72% (better parent). Therefore, these results are valuable for the improvement of quantitative as well as qualitative traits in sunflower breeding material to fulfill the edible oil requirements.
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Hakeem, Sadia, Zulfiqar Ali, Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique, Muhammad Habib Ur-Rahman, and Sabah Maryam. "Line × tester analysis and estimating combining abilities for the physiological and yield traits in bread wheat." Agricultural Sciences Journal 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.002.02.045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study focuses to determine the combining abilities for 12 wheat genotypes for the physiological and yield traits by using line × tester mating design. Eight lines and four testers, as parents, and resulting 32 cross combinations were evaluated in randomized complete block design during the 2018-19 cropping season. The ANOVA indicated that variability exists for all the traits under study. The parent 14 showed higher GCA effects for the SC and T while parent 19 and 6 have highest GCA effects for the P and WUE. The parent 14 was a good general combiner for the flag leaf area and spike weight while parent 19 for the seed weight and plant height. However, parent 18 showed highest GCA effect for spike length. Overall, parents 14, 18, 19 and 6 were good general combiners for most of the traits. And the cross combination coded 32 was a potential hybrid for all the spike weight, seed weight and yield per row while 29 showed highest SCA estimates for the physiological traits except WUE. The hybrid 28 showed superior SCA effects for spike length and plant height and hybrid 4 was a potential hybrid for FLA. So, these parents and cross combinations can be used in the selection process of varietal improvement for an ideal yield potential. This will also lead to the fixation of additive as well as non-additive genetic components for the improvement of the yield components in wheat.
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Hakeem, Sadia, Zulfiqar Ali, Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique, Muhammad Habib Ur-Rahman, and Sabah Maryam. "Line × tester analysis and estimating combining abilities for the physiological and yield traits in bread wheat." Agricultural Sciences Journal 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v2i2.45.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study focuses to determine the combining abilities for 12 wheat genotypes for the physiological and yield traits by using line × tester mating design. Eight lines and four testers, as parents, and resulting 32 cross combinations were evaluated in randomized complete block design during the 2018-19 cropping season. The ANOVA indicated that variability exists for all the traits under study. The parent 14 showed higher GCA effects for the SC and T while parent 19 and 6 have highest GCA effects for the P and WUE. The parent 14 was a good general combiner for the flag leaf area and spike weight while parent 19 for the seed weight and plant height. However, parent 18 showed highest GCA effect for spike length. Overall, parents 14, 18, 19 and 6 were good general combiners for most of the traits. And the cross combination coded 32 was a potential hybrid for all the spike weight, seed weight and yield per row while 29 showed highest SCA estimates for the physiological traits except WUE. The hybrid 28 showed superior SCA effects for spike length and plant height and hybrid 4 was a potential hybrid for FLA. So, these parents and cross combinations can be used in the selection process of varietal improvement for an ideal yield potential. This will also lead to the fixation of additive as well as non-additive genetic components for the improvement of the yield components in wheat.
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Babenko, O. I., V. P. Оleshko, and V. Y. Afanasenko. "THE PREDICTED GENETIC PROGRESS IN DAIRY CATTLE POPULATIONS USING A VARIETY OF METHODS FOR EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF ANIMALS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 51 (March 28, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.51.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Genetic progress in a herd of animals is due to the selection of four categories of pedigree animals: fathers of sires, mothers of sires, fathers of cows and mothers of cows. Extremely important role in genetic improvement of a herd plays selection of the sires for insemination of breeding stock which become the potential parents of cows. The selection of sires’ mothers, sires’ and cows’ parents provides 90-95% of the effect of selection in animal population, and massive selection of cows’ mothers only 5-10%. The main selection trait in а herd is milk production, therefore with the purpose of analyzing the effectiveness of selection by this trait defined pedigree value of 4 categories of pedigree animals, which influenced on the pace of improvement of the populations. Therefore, to accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations is necessary to increase the magnitude of the genetic benefits of parental animals and reduced generation intervals, which is the aim of our research. The average annual genetic progress through selection of four categories of pedigree animals in the herd of Holstein breed is 61.2 kg of milk per cow per year and the pace of genetic improvement of the herd – 0.81 %. In the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, these figures are respectively 43.2 kg of milk and the pace of genetic improvement of the herd – 0.62 % Much more opportunities in raising the rate of genetic improvement can be achieved through the introduction of genomic (GS) or marker-assisted selection (MAS). Under the terms of the genomic breeding, final estimation of pedigree value of sires is carried out during 2.5 years in the contrast with traditional breeding, which involves the time for 5 years. Experts estimate the cost from the use of GS or MAS compared with conventional breeding are up to 92%, and the efficiency of selection is improved two times. Taking into account that data of productivity of animals are associated with genes of economically useful traits, the topical issue is the selection of the optimal polymorphic marker systems for their introduction into practice of breeding and assessment of genetic structure of cattle breeds. On the basis of our results of studies of the effect of QTL – gene, the complex model genotype for the selection of animals for the purpose of increasing milk yield in animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed is like this: CSNSАВ, GHLL, βLGАВ, Pit-1АВ; Holstein – CSNS AB, GHLV, βLGАA, Pit-1АВ. Comparison of model genotypes of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy and Holstein shows that there are differences in the combination of genotypes contributing to the best development of traits. Thus, the mass fraction of the protein, the model genotypes are identical at 75% in both breeds: by the yield, quantity of milk fat and protein and total milk fat and protein model genotypes match by 50%. Due to implementation of genomic evaluation and breeding of dairy cattle, the valuation period of pedigree animals was reduced significantly. Unlike conventional breeding, the introduction of genomic selection will reduce the genetic interval in the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed of sires’ fathers by 4.5 years, sires’ mothers by 4.6 years, cows’ fathers by 4.6 years and cows’ mothers by 2.9 years. In the population of Holstein cattle generation interval of sires’ fathers is reduced by 4.3 years, sires’ mothers by 4.5 years, cows’ fathers by 4.5 years, and cows’ mothers by 2.7 years. The results of our studies show that the rate of genetic improvement of dairy cattle population in the main breeding traits can be improved through the selection of animals by QTL-complexes. Thus, the selection of breeding stock based on a comprehensive model of genotype on yield gave an opportunity to improve pedigree value of the maternal cows at 155 kg compared to traditional breeding, and in the population of Holstein cattle at 246 kg. Only these factors allow genetic progress in milk yield in the population of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle by 128.5 kg, which is 2.9 times more than the value of the actual genetic progress and in the population of Holstein cattle – 183.2 kg, which is three times more compared to the actual value of genetic progress for milk yield in this population. The contribution of the cows’ mothers to genetic progress increases. So, if at conventional breeding, the contribution of this category of pedigree animals was negative (-4.9%), selection on QTL complex is 3.2% and in the population of Holstein cattle 12%. If you apply the selection of other categories of pedigree animals (sires’ fathers, mothers and parents of sires) on QTL-complexes, which contribution in the genetic improvement of populations is 88.0–96.8%, the rate of genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations will greatly increase. Conclusion. To accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cattle populations it is necessary to use molecular genetic markers that control metabolic processes in the body.
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Rana, R. B., C. J. Garforth, and B. R. Sthapit. "Farmers' management of rice varietal diversity in the mid-hills of Nepal: implications for on-farm conservation and crop improvement." Plant Genetic Resources 7, no. 1 (April 2009): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262108048259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Season-long monitoring of on-farm rice (Oryza sativa, L.) plots in Nepal explored farmers' decision-making process on the deployment of varieties to agroecosystems, application of production inputs to varieties, agronomic practices and relationship between economic return and area planted per variety. Farmers deploy varieties [landraces (LRs) and modern varieties (MVs)] to agroecosystems based on their understanding of characteristics of varieties and agroecosystems, and the interaction between them. In marginal growing conditions, LRs can compete with MVs. Within an agroecosystem, economic return and area planted to varieties have positive relationship, but this is not so between agroecosystems. LRs are very diverse on agronomic and economic traits; therefore, they cannot be rejected a priori as inferior materials without proper evaluation. LRs have to be evaluated for useful traits and utilized in breeding programmes to generate farmer-preferred materials for marginal environments and for their conservation on-farm.
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Ruiz, Magdalena, Encarna Zambrana, Rosario Fite, Aida Sole, Jose Luis Tenorio, and Elena Benavente. "Yield and Quality Performance of Traditional and Improved Bread and Durum Wheat Varieties under Two Conservation Tillage Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 4522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174522.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing spread of conservation agriculture demands that the next generation of wheat varieties includes cultivars capable of maintaining satisfactory yields with lower inputs and under uncertain climate scenarios. On the basis of the genetic gains achieved during decades of selection oriented to yield improvements under conventional crop management, it is important that novel breeding targets are defined and addressed. Grain yield, yield-related traits, and phenological and morphological characteristics, as well as functional quality parameters have been analyzed for six varieties each of bread and durum wheat, under minimum tillage and no-tillage. During the three-year experiment, the climatic conditions at the field trial site were characterized by low rainfall, although different degrees of aridity—from moderate to severe—were experienced. Differences were found between these two soil management practices in regard to the varieties’ yield stability. A positive influence of no-tillage on traits related to grain and biomass yield was also evidenced, and some traits among the examined seemed involved in varietal adaptation to a particular non-conventional tillage system. The study also confirmed some breeding targets for improved performance of wheat genotypes in conservation agroecosystems. These traits were represented in the small set of traditional varieties analysed.
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Campuzano-Duque, Luis Fernando, and Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair. "Strategies for Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Improvement as a New Crop in Colombia." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101576.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Robusta coffee is mostly grown in Africa and Asia and parts of tropical America, but not yet in Colombia. The crop has potential in lowland areas of this traditional Arabica coffee producer. Compared to Arabicas grown in highland areas, the Robustas have more drought and heat tolerance. However, they differ in flavor and have higher caffeine levels. With natural resistance to some of the major pests and diseases of other coffees, such as rust and berry borers, they thrive under harsh conditions. The genetic improvement of Robusta coffee requires the understanding of its genetic resources and a good breeding strategy. This review discusses the traits of interest and selection criteria for breeding and recommends methods of varietal development for Robusta in Colombia. Most of the traits of importance in breeding are quantitative and of low or intermediate heritability. Robusta is an outcrossing species and can suffer from inbreeding depression, so mass and recurrent selection are used, followed by the clonal propagation of best plants. Colombia has limited germplasm only from the Congolese group, so the SG1/Conilon and SG2 genotypes should be introduced with quarantine. Issues to address include the timing of flowering, asynchronous fruit maturation, chemical composition and sensory quality, as well as bean size. Variability for abiotic stress tolerance exists in Robusta genotypes and needs further study. New methods of breeding include hybrid development and recurrent selection. Having adapted varieties of Robusta coffee should promote production in Colombia, as it has in regions of Brazil, and would complement Arabica coffee for this traditional and major producer.
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Fazaa, M., A. EL Sabagh, G. Anis, I. EL-Rewainy, C. Barutcular, R. Hatipoglu, and M. S. Islam. "The Agronomical Performances of Doubled Haploid Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Derived from Anther Culture." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 5 (April 13, 2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n5p177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Anther culture technique offers great opportunities to accelerate breeding progress. The current study aimed to develop some good doubled haploid lines (DH) through anther culture technique and to evaluate them along with their five parents including two check varieties for yield and yield related traits. Analysis of variance revealed that varietal differences were signified and wide variability present among the genotypes with respect to all the characteristics studied. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was highly positive correlated with panicle length. The information on the inter association among the yield attributing characters showed the nature and extent of relationship with each other. Consequently, this will help in the improvement of different characters along with yield in breeding programmes.</p>
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Joshi, Laxmi Pd, Subarna Sharma, Ankur Poudel, and Bishnu Pd Kandel. "Varietal Evaluation and Genetic Variability in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes of the Mid-Hill Region of Nepal." Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 580–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2020.3.2.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this study were to identify promising rice genotypes and evaluate the genetic variance and effectiveness of selection of the rice varieties for several yield attributing traits. A varietal trial of fifteen rice genotypes was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a farmer’s field in Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during the rainy season of 2018. Analysis of variance indicated that all the genotypes showed significant variation for all the traits considered. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characteristics being studied indicating the presence of environmental influence on the traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percent of the mean was found for days to physiological maturity, number of tillers per m2, plant height, leaf area, effective tillers per m2, flag leaf area, test weight, grains per panicle, filled grains per panicle, harvest index, grain yield, and straw yield indicating that additive gene interaction is present in their inheritance. Direct selection can be effective for yield improvement in the populations through selection of these traits. Cluster analysis based on eighteen traits grouped the fifteen rice genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I was the largest and consisted of five genotypes. Radha 11, NR 119, and Sukhadhan-5 were the top performing genotypes having yield potentials of 5.78, 5.49, and 4.89 tons per ha, respectively.
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Fenta, Berhanu Amsalu, Kassay Negash, Kidane Tumssa, Tigist Shiferaw, Dagmawit Tsegaye, Rubyogo Jean Claude, and Clare Mugisha Mukankusi. "Demand Driven Common Bean Variety Development and Promotion for Enhanced Productivity and Production." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Common bean research program of Ethiopia aimed at development of demanded variety for enhanced adoption, improve food and nutrition security as well as to boost income of smallholder farmers thereby enhancing foreign earnings of the country. To achieve these aim, the breeding program use different strategies. These incudes, importing demanded variety and fast-track testing release, introducing bean germplasm and release stable variety and participatory variety selection for incorporating growers traits on variety selection. Accordingly, bean improvement program selected six major bean products that includes, small/large white beans, speckled bean, small/large reds and mottled beans. During variety selection stakeholders’ choice and trait of preference has been incorporated during interactive consultative forums of the value chain actor at bean innovation multi-stakeholder platform. Apart from bean variety development, integrated crop management technologies has been developed to implement good agricultural practice. To facilitate common variety adoption, bean seed system have been enhanced through integration of early generation seed production with formal and informal seed production of public and private seed producers. These efforts has enhanced transformed productivity from 0.7 to 1.5 t/ha and area expanded from 150,000 ha to 520,121 ha and total production up to 568,243 t. Due to this fact bean export has been increased up to 100–150 million USD per annum. Generally, the demand led breeding and value chain approach, synergetic and innovative technology generation and promotion has transformed bean productivity, area produced and market; consecutively livelihood of growers and income of the country has been enhanced.
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Lamichhane, Sashi, Nav Raj Adhikari, Bishwas K.C., and Sapana Thapa. "ESTIMATING VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF RICE GENOTYPES IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 22, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v22n2.2021.p92-101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Rice is an essential staple food in Nepal but researches and varietal improvement programs are rarely carried out due to inadequate variability study. The field study was carried to diagnose the influence of genetic and environmental factors on yield traits to aid future rice breeding programs. Twelve genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications from July to November 2019 at the research field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, in the hilly area of Nepal. Analysis of variance showed significant difference for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, flag leaf area, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, fertility percentage, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, straw yield, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvesting index indicating the presence of variation in genotypes. LPN BR-1615 was the most promising genotype in grain yield. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for each trait and low difference between them was found for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, thousand-grain weight, fertility percentage, and harvesting index. Plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield showed high heritability (i.e. 93.2%, 60.5% and 92.6%, respectively) and higher genetic advance as percentage of mean (i.e. 46.5, 34.6 and 50.1, respectively) . Thus, the experiment revealed that selections favoring plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield would help in effective breeding programs of rice in future.</p>
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Aseeva, T. A., K. V. Zenkina, I. V. Lomakina, and Z. S. Ruban. "THE NEW SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETY ‘ANFEYA’." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-64-4-61-65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The improvement of high-quality grain production remains the most important task for the entire agricultural sector of Russia, including the Far Eastern region. Productivity and grain quality improvement can be achieved by various technical and organizational methods and the correct selection of varieties that are most adapted to environmental conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop a new spring soft wheat variety with high indicators of productivity and grain quality, resistant to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors and adapted to the conditions of the Far Eastern region. The paper gives the information on the methods of development, the initial parental components, the traits and properties of the new spring wheat variety ‘Anfeya’, submitted to the State Variety Testing and intended for cultivation in the Far Eastern region. This is a variety of a new generation which successfully combines such traits as high productivity, grain quality, coarse grain, immunity to the main common diseases in this ecological zone and resistance to abiotic environmental stressors. The average productivity of the variety ‘Anfeya’ was 3.9 t/ha over the years of competitive testing (2016–2018) with its maximum 5.5 t/ha. The increase to the standard variety ‘Khabarovchanka’ was 1.0 and 2.1 t/ha, respectively. High productivity of the new variety has been provided by an increased grain size. The genetic potential of the promising spring soft wheat variety contributes to the formation of a large protein percentage. According to nutritional value, rheological properties of the dough, technological and baking indicators of grain quality, the new variety ‘Anfeya’ belongs to strong wheats.
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Bochkovoy, A. D., V. I. Khatnyansky, V. A. Kamardin, and D. A. Nazarov. "Efficiency of selection of self-fertile sunflower biotypes in production of foundation and breeder seeds." Oil Crops 185, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2021-1-185-10-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The researches were conducted on fields of OOO NPO “Triumph”, the Matveevo-Kurgansky district of Rostov region and V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar in 2017–2020. The purpose of the research was to develop methodology of selection of self-fertile sunflower genotypes in foundation and breeder seed production. Our work resulted in development of improved population Dobrynya plus. Middle self-fertility of this population at self-pollination was 13.7% vs. 5.2% of the initial variety (increased by 2.6 times), a ratio of the most valuable genotypes with amount of fully formed seeds more than 150 seeds per a plant increased from 13.5 to 26.4% (by 1.9 times). At the open flowering and free insect pollination, population Dobrynya plus does not differ by its economically valuable traits from the initial variety. But at the close flowering, without insects pollination, yield of the population Dobrynya plus was 0.93 t per ha vs. 0.52 t per ha of the initial variety (increase by 1.8 times). At selection of elite seeds from sunflower varietal populations for seed growing, the most perspective are the biotypes with high level of self-fertility which traits are held stable in the different environments. Improvement of sunflower variety by 11 self-fertility does not lead to decreasing of its yield qualities by the main economically valuable traits. The obtained experimental data prove a prospectivity of researches directed on improvement of sunflower variety populations by self-fertility at production of foundation and breeder seeds and possibility to reach successful results.
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Ogunniyan, Dotun, Johnson Adetumbi, Julius Olasoji, and Solomon Makinde. "The variability of grain yield, seed morphometric and vigour traits of early maturing hybrid maize." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 66, no. 2 (2021): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2102105o.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breeding for yield and quality requires the assessment of the seed metrics and vigour traits. This study, therefore, assessed the variability and inter-dependence of grain yield (GY), seed morphometric and vigour traits in hybrid maize. Seeds of 75 early maturing hybrid maize varieties were evaluated for morphometric traits and quality in four replicates. A field trial laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replicates was also conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, to determine the grain yield of the hybrids. Data collected on the GY, seed dimension and quality were subjected to analysis of variance. The least significant difference was used to separate means. Relationships among the GY, seed morphometric and vigour traits were determined using correlation coefficients, while principal component (PC) analysis was performed for variability among the hybrids. Significant differences (P<0.001) were found in the GY, seed dimension and vigour traits. Four of the nine highest yielding hybrids had ECT higher than 30.0 ?sg-1 cm-1. The GY correlated with seed diameter (SDT) (0.40**), seed width (SWD) (0.36**), seed length (SLG) (0.35**), seed area (SAR) (0.30**) and seed vigour (SVI) (0.30**). The SAG correlated with SDT, SLG, seed thickness (STH) and SAR. All the seed vigour traits correlated with one another. The PC I explained GY, SDT, SWD, SLG, SAR and SVI, indicating their importance in GY improvement. Seed angle, length and diameter were versatile in maize varietal selection. Identified high yielding hybrids with seed morphometric and vigour qualities can be explored by seed companies as innovation in the seed production business.
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Khan, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Mohd Y. Rafii, Shairul Izan Ramlee, Mashitah Jusoh, and Al Mamun. "Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Clustering Pattern Exploration of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Accessions for the Perfection of Yield and Yield-Related Traits." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 19, 2020): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2195797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is considered an emerging crop for the future and known as a crop for the new millennium. The core intention of this research work was to estimate the variation of landraces of Bambara groundnut considering their 14 qualitative and 27 numerical traits, to discover the best genotype fitted in Malaysia. The findings of the ANOVA observed a highly significant variation ( p ≤ 0.01 ) for all the traits evaluated. There was a substantial variation (7.27 to 41.21%) coefficient value, and 14 out of the 27 numerical traits noted coefficient of variation CV ≥ 20 % . Yield (kg/ha) disclosed positively strong to perfect high significant correlation ( r = 0.75 to 1.00; p ≤ 0.001 ) with traits like fresh pod weight, dry pod weight, and dry seed weight. The topmost PCV and GCV values were estimated for biomass dry (41.09%) and fresh (40.53%) weight with high heritability (Hb) and genetic advance (GA) Hb = 95.19 %, GA = 80.57 % and Hb = 98.52 %, GA = 82.86 %, respectively. The topmost heritability was recorded for fresh pod weight (99.89%) followed by yield (99.75%) with genetic advance 67.95% and 62.03%, respectively. The traits with Hb ≥ 60 % and G A ≥ 20 % suggested the least influenced by the environment as well as governed by the additive genes and direct selection for improvement of such traits can be beneficial. To estimate the genetic variability among accessions, the valuation of variance components, coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic advance were calculated. To authenticate the genetic inequality, an unweighted pair group produced with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component analysis was executed based on their measurable traits that could be a steadfast method for judging the degree of diversity. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, constructed five distinct clusters and 44 accessions from clusters II and IV consider an elite type of genotypes that produce more than one ton yield per hectare land with desirable traits. This study exposed an extensive disparity among the landraces and the evidence on genetic relatives will be imperative in using the existing germplasm for Bambara groundnut varietal improvement. Moreover, this finding will be beneficial for breeders to choose the desirable numerical traits of V. subterranea in their future breeding program.
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Han, Danni, Xiaojun Ma, Lei Zhang, Shizhong Zhang, Qinghua Sun, Pan Li, Jing Shu, and Yanting Zhao. "Serial-Omics and Molecular Function Study Provide Novel Insight into Cucumber Variety Improvement." Plants 11, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11121609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cucumbers are rich in vitamins and minerals. The cucumber has recently become one of China’s main vegetable crops. More specifically, the adjustment of the Chinese agricultural industry’s structure and rapid economic development have resulted in increases in the planting area allocated to Chinese cucumber varieties and in the number of Chinese cucumber varieties. After complete sequencing of the “Chinese long” genome, the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome were obtained. Cucumber has a small genome and short growing cycle, and these traits are conducive to the application of molecular breeding techniques for improving fruit quality. Here, we review the developments and applications of molecular markers and genetic maps for cucumber breeding and introduce the functions of gene families from the perspective of genomics, including fruit development and quality, hormone response, resistance to abiotic stress, epitomizing the development of other omics, and relationships among functions.
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Karakousis, A., A. R. Barr, K. J. Chalmers, G. A. Ablett, T. A. Holton, R. J. Henry, P. Lim, and P. Langridge. "Potential of SSR markers for plant breeding and variety identification in Australian barley germplasm." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SSR markers closely linked to 18 loci that control 16 important barley traits were assessed for their applicability in Australian barley breeding programs. A panel of 40 genotypes routinely used by the South Australian Barley Improvement Program (SABIP) was used to examine the usefulness of these SSR markers for marker assisted selection (MAS). The success of monitoring a trait locus from donor to recipient lines ranged from 10 to 98%, depending on the marker. SSRs with a high polymorphic information content (PIC) value were found to be the most useful for application in MAS. The assessment also indicated that SSRs derived from genomic sequences were more successful for MAS than those designed from expressed sequence tags. A total of 130 SSR markers were screened among 2 panels of Australian barley genotypes to determine which markers would be the most useful for discriminating Australian germplasm. PIC values generated by this screening were also compared with those generated using a panel of European barley genotypes. Using ordinary correlations (parametric), rank correlations (non-parametric), and partial correlations (multi-variate), a strong association was found between the 2 Australian panels, but no or weak correlation was observed between the 2 Australian panels and the European dataset. It can therefore be concluded that PIC values generated by SSR markers screened with European genotypes cannot be used to predict the usefulness of an SSR marker for discriminating Australian genotypes. From PIC values generated in this study, 36 SSR markers have been selected for the discrimination of Australian genotypes. These markers all show high and/or consistent PIC values among Australian and European barley genotypes.
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Uddin, Azhar, R. Karina Gallardo, Bradley Rickard, Julian Alston, and Olena Sambucci. "Consumer acceptance of new plant-breeding technologies: An application to the use of gene editing in fresh table grapes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): e0270792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study estimates consumers’ willingness to pay for specific product (quality) and process (agronomic) attributes of table grapes, including taste, texture, external appearance, and the expected number of chemical applications, and for the breeding technology used to develop the plant. Considering varietal traits, on average our survey respondents were willing to pay the highest price premiums for specific offers of improvements in table grape taste and texture, followed by external appearance and expected number of chemical applications. Considering breeding methods, on average our respondents were willing to pay a small premium for table grapes developed using conventional breeding rather than gene editing (e.g., CRISPR). Results from a latent class model identify four different groups of consumers with distinct preferences for grape quality attributes and breeding technologies. The group of consumers most likely to reject gene editing considers both genetic engineering and gene editing to be breeding technologies that produce foods that are morally unacceptable and not safe to eat.
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Filippov, E. G., A. A. Dontsova, D. P. Dontsov, E. S. Doroshenko, R. N. Bragin, and I. M. Zasypkina. "Spring barley variety ‘Azimut’." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 5 (November 16, 2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-82-5-91-97.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Improvement of feed grain production is an important link in Russia’s food security. Considerable opportunities for solving this problem lie in the cultivation of new domestic varieties of barley. Breeding work in this direction has been carried out for a long time in the Don area by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” (Department of winter and spring barley breeding and seed production). The purpose of the study was to breed a new spring barley variety for regions with high signs of aridy, which has fairly large productivity and its stability in different years. The result of the breeding program 0706-2019-0002 was the development of the spring barley variety ‘Azimut’ of universal use, i.e. for feed, groats and for brewing purposes. The paper has described the morphology of plants and the main biological and valuable economic traits of the new spring barley variety ‘Azimut’, which has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of Russia since 2022. There has been found that a remarkable feature of this variety is early maturity (through three contrast years (2017–2019) it ripened on average earlier than the standard variety ‘Ratnik’ on 4 days and the best variety ‘Format’ on 2 days), which is an extremely important indicator in modern climatic conditions. There was found that, on average, over the years, the new variety produced 5.7 t/ha and 52.0 g of 1000-grain weight, exceeding the standard on 0.8 t/ha and 6.5 g, as well as the best variety ‘Format’ on 0 .2 t/ha and 3.8 g, respectively. It has been established that the variety ‘Azimut’ has a certain important set of biologically useful and economically valuable properties and traits.
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Ponazhev, V. P. "Efficiency of methods for selecting the initial material of oil flax in primary seed production." Agrarian science, no. 9 (November 13, 2022): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-362-9-126-130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relevance. The efficiency of primary oil flax seed production largely depends on the methods of plant selection and the creation of updated (original) seeds, which still remain complex and time consuming. The development of new, more advanced methods for selecting the initial crop material, aimed at reducing labor intensity, labor costs and speeding up work at the initial stages of seed production, is relevant and has practical significance. Methods. The object of research was the process of selection and testing of oil flax plants according to the relevant characteristics, the subject of research was typical plants and seeds obtained from them. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of field experiments, as well as methodological recommendations for seed production of oil flax. The varietal quality of seeds was assessed by the method of soil control. The content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil was determined by the Kirsanov method, and the acidity of the soil was determined by the ionometric method.Results. It has been established that the method of selecting oil flax plants according to a new trait — the flowering period, compared with the accepted analogue, made it possible to increase the yield of renewed (original) seeds by 35.6%, increase their uniformity in seed weight by 8%, seed strength —by 9.1%, reduce labor costs by 31%. The method of soil control established a high level of varietal quality of seeds created using selection for a new trait. It was revealed that negative selection, which involves the removal of plants that are atypical in terms of morphological characteristics, provided, compared with the control, an increase in seed yield by 22.6%, an improvement in their morphological and physiological properties, including an increase in seed strength by 13.6%, an increase in the length of the seedling seed by 25%, as well as a reduction in labor costs by 23.5%. The results of soil testing showed that this method allowed us to obtain original material uniform in color, as well as plants with the necessary evenness in height and fiber content in the stem.
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Ferrer, Vincent, Gilles Costantino, Mathieu Paoli, Noémie Paymal, Carole Quinton, Patrick Ollitrault, Félix Tomi, and François Luro. "Intercultivar Diversity of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Based on Genetic Markers, Phenotypic Characteristics, Aromatic Compounds and Sensorial Analysis." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061084.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sour oranges (Citrus aurantium L.) are well known in the processing and cosmetics industries for the aromatic properties of their essential oils. Intercultivar genetic and aromatic diversity is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of morphological selection and genetic mechanisms of varietal diversification (mutation or hybridization) on the aromatic and odor variability of sour orange essential oils. Forty-five sour orange accessions from INRAE-CIRAD citrus Biological Resources Center (France) were assessed for ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 54 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, nine morphochemical fruit traits and with the aromatic components of leaf and peel essential oils. Thirty-nine sour oranges displayed no intercultivar molecular polymorphism and six genotypes originated from interspecific hybridizations involving sour orange, citron, pummelo or mandarin. The peel essential oil (PEO) diversity was low, in accordance with the genetic diversity. The predominance of limonene (>90%) prevents any possible correlation to be made between the composition and the variation in sensory profiles detected by panelists. Few compounds in the leaf essential oil (LEO), such as linalool, linalyl acetate, α-terpineol and geraniol were significantly different across sour oranges varieties. The morphological fruit attributes mainly used in varietal selection differed highly across the main genetically identical group of sour orange accessions. These results confirm that mutation can generate variability in aromatic compounds and aromas and that their exploitation requires an improvement in characterization processes.