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Статті в журналах з теми "Variants TCP"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Junior, Airton Orlandini, and Luciana Andréia Fondazzi Martimiano. "Performance Analysis of the Segment Transfer Rate of TCP-UEM." Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada 26, no. 2 (August 3, 2019): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.82043.

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UsingTCP(TransmissionControlProtocol)inwirelessnetworkscanaffectitsperformanceduetoits lack of ability to identify packets losses properly, causing the triggering of its congestion control mechanism. Some TCP variants were proposed to improve this control, being TCP-UEM one of them. This variant allows the evaluation of the link reliability in wireless networks in time intervals, keeping the end-to-end semantics. TCP-UEM was implemented in FreeBSD OS and its performance with relation to segment transfer rate (in Mbps) was compared to two other variants, TCP-NEWRENO and TCP-CUBIC. This paper describes TCP-UEM, discusses results of the tests and the statistical analysis that were carried out using two scenarios. For each scenario, 30 samples of 30 seconds of execution time with different loss rates were collected. The results showed that TCP-UEM presented a good performance, achieving a performance higher than the other two variants in the majority of the tests, with different loss rates.

2

Lydiah Moraa Machora. "A survey of transmission control protocol variants." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (March 30, 2024): 1828–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0886.

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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), is a reliable connection oriented end-to-end protocol. It contains within itself, mechanisms for ensuring reliability by requiring the receiver to acknowledge the segments that it receives. The network is not perfect and a small percentage of packets are lost enroute, either due to network error or due to the fact that there is congestion in the network and the routers are dropping packets. TCP ensures reliability by starting a timer whenever it sends a segment. If it does not receive an acknowledgement from the receiver within the ‘time-out’ interval then it retransmits the segment. In this paper a review of various TCP is carried out. There are a number of TCP variants for application in the management of network efficiency in terms of network congestion and transmission efficiency. These variants include: - TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, TCP New Reno, TCP Vegas, TCP SACK, TCP FACK, TCP Asym, TCP RBP, Full TCP and TCP CUBIC. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to study the tcp types on the network performance variances. All have different features and advantages but with maximal throughput as main objective, which are termed as the clones of TCP, have been incorporated into TCP/IP protocol for handling congestion efficiently in different network scenarios.

3

Nigar, Nahida, and Muhammad Anwarul Azim. "Fairness Comparison of TCP Variants over Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocol in MANET." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2199-2206.

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are applicable in an infrastructureless environment where the mobile devices act as routers and intermediate nodes are used to transfer segments to their final destination. As Transmission control protocol (TCP) was originated for Internet with fundamentally different properties, faces serious challenges when used in mobile ad hoc networks. TCP functionality degrades, due to special properties of MANET such as route failure because of significant change of network topology and link errors. TCP uses Congestion Control Algorithms; TCP Vegas is one of them which claim to have better throughput comparing with other TCP variants in a wired network. Fairness issues of TCP Variants in MANET including existing routing protocol are still unsolved. To determine the best TCP Variants in MANET environment over renowned routing protocol is the main objective of this paper. A Study on the throughput fairness of TCP Variants namely, Vegas, Reno, New Reno, SACK, FACK, and Cubic are performed via simulation experiment using network simulator (ns-2) over existing routing protocol, named, AODV, AOMDV, DSDV, and DSR. This fairness evaluation of TCP flows arranged a contrast medium for the TCP Variants using stated routing protocol in MANET. However, TCP Vegas obtain unfair throughput in MANET. The simulation results show that TCP Reno outperforms other TCP variants under DSDV routing protocol.

4

Nigar, Nahida. "Comparative Performance Evaluation of TCP with Identical and Cross-Variant Congestion Control." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i1.262.

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The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), a key functional building block of the Internet, operates as a rate-adaptive end-to-end protocol at the Transport Layer of the network protocol stack. It regulates the prevailing load conditions within the network by getting the source node to adapt the packet transfer rate in accord with the processing capacity of the receiver. The regulation is enforced by means of dropping of packets on the part of the receiver. The TCP sender then reduces the packet injection rate so as to allow the network to recover from congestion. The focus of this paper is performance evaluation of certain notable TCP congestion avoidance algorithms, namely, Vegas, Reno and New Reno. Specifically, a number of performance measures have been analysed based on ns-2 simulation data where the scenarios involved TCP flows operating with identical and cross-variant congestion control mechanisms. Congestion window behaviour, packet loss, throughput, transmission delay and jitter are the performance criteria studied with the setup mentioned. In the flows with identical variants, Vegas outperforms other TCP variants. However, TCP Vegas has been observed to contribute to unfair appropriation of the resources in the cross-variant setting.

5

Elmannai, Wafa, Abdul Razaque, and Khaled Elleithy. "Deployment of TCP University of Bridgeport (UB) to Control Law Enforcement Department over Wireless Mesh Network." Journal of Communications and Computer Engineering 3, no. 1 (December 10, 2012): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20454/jcce.2013.427.

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most reliable protocol. That was previously introduced for wired networks only. Lately the TCP started to act poorly for several factors due to the advent of wireless network. The represented factors which need to be addressed are recovery mechanism, backup mechanism, mobility, congestion window and maximum packet size. Based on existing variants, new were introduced. The most two debated variants are Vegas and Westwood which motivated many researches. However, the number of studies proved that Vegas could perform more efficiency than other variants during the congested network whereas Westwood could consume less bandwidth. Hence, in our previous publications, we already proved by integrating some features of Vegas and Westwood to get better and more stable variant even in high congested network. It is called TCP University of Bridgeport (TCP-UB).Based on a previous simulation, TCP-UB proved a high efficiency, less bandwidth consumption and stability from static and mobility point of view. Therefore, in this paper we are using NS2 simulator to perform TCP-UB over wireless mesh network supported with manhattan mobility model. It provides robust and faster transmission service among several police stations in Connecticut, USA.Furthermore, we are comparing TCP-UB with Vegas and Westwood from a static and mobility point of view based on bandwidth consumption and congestion window scenario. On the basis of findings, we validate that TCP-UB is also better performer even over wireless mesh network.

6

B., Jaydevsinh, and Hiren V. "A Review: TCP Variants with MANET." International Journal of Computer Applications 157, no. 2 (January 17, 2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2017912638.

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7

Callegari, C., S. Giordano, M. Pagano, and T. Pepe. "Behavior analysis of TCP Linux variants." Computer Networks 56, no. 1 (January 2012): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2011.10.002.

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8

SAYSELL, Colin G., Winston S. TAMBYRAJAH, Jeremy M. MURRAY, Carrie M. WILMOT, Simon E. V. PHILLIPS, Michael J. McPHERSON, and Peter F. KNOWLES. "Probing the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli amine oxidase using mutational variants and a reversible inhibitor as a substrate analogue." Biochemical Journal 365, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20011435.

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Copper amine oxidases are homodimeric enzymes containing one Cu2+ ion and one 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) per monomer. Previous studies with the copper amine oxidase from Escherichia coli (ECAO) have elucidated the structure of the active site and established the importance in catalysis of an active-site base, Asp-383. To explore the early interactions of substrate with enzyme, we have used tranylcypromine (TCP), a fully reversible competitive inhibitor, with wild-type ECAO and with the active-site base variants D383E and D383N. The formation of an adduct, analogous to the substrate Schiff base, between TCP and the TPQ cofactor in the active site of wild-type ECAO and in the D383E and D383N variants has been investigated over the pH range 5.5–9.4. For the wild-type enzyme, the plot of the binding constant for adduct formation (Kb) against pH is bell-shaped, indicating two pKas of 5.8 and ∼8, consistent with the preferred reaction partners being the unprotonated active-site base and the protonated TCP. For the D383N variant, the reaction pathway involving unprotonated base and protonated TCP cannot occur, and binding must follow a less favoured pathway with unprotonated TCP as reactant. Surprisingly, for the D383E variant, the Kb versus pH behaviour is qualitatively similar to that of D383N, supporting a reaction pathway involving unprotonated TCP. The TCP binding data are consistent with substrate binding data for the wild type and the D383E variant using steady-state kinetics. The results provide strong support for a protonated amine being the preferred substrate for the wild-type enzyme, and emphasize the importance of the active-site base, Asp-383, in the primary binding event.

9

Omer, Khaled Ahmed Abood. "Impact of Jellyfish attack on routing protocols in TCP-based MANETs." University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (April 22, 2023): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2023.n1.a09.

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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-organized infrastructure-less network of mobile wireless devices that could be deployed for communication. Due to the insecure wireless communication medium, multi-hop routing communication process, and dynamic behavior of the nodes in MANETs, routing protocols are vulnerable to various security attacks, such as Jellyfish attacks. A Jellyfish node targets TCP-based MANET and exploits its working mechanism to degrade the communication performance. This attack is hard to detect since it is a TCP protocol compliant methodology.In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the Ad hoc on-demand vector (AODV), Dynamic source routing (DSR), Temporally ordered routing algorithm (TORA), Geographic routing protocol (GRP), and optimized link state routing (OLSR) routing protocols under the Jellyfish delay variance attacks for TCP-based MANETs. Further, the TAHOE, RENO, and SACK variants of TCP protocol are considered for comparison. These routing protocols are simulated using the OPNET simulator to compare their performance, using specific performance metrics on the network. The experimental results show that the AODV protocol performs better than the DSR, TORA, OLSR, and GRP protocols under the jellyfish delay variance attack. Further, the SACK TCP variant performs better than the other TCP variants under the Jellyfish delay variance attack.

10

M., Saleh, Osama Younes, Hamdy M., and Hatem Abdul-kader. "Enhancing Performance of TCP Variants in LTE." International Journal of Computer Applications 152, no. 1 (October 17, 2016): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016911762.

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11

Chauhan, Varun, and Rajesh Kumar. "Analysis of TCP Variants Over Variable Traffic." i-manager's Journal on Information Technology 4, no. 3 (August 15, 2015): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jit.4.3.3489.

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12

Tsiknas, Konstantinos, and George Stamatelos. "Comparative Performance Evaluation of TCP Variants in WiMAX (and WLANs) Network Configurations." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/806272.

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An important application for the IEEE 802.16 technology (also called WiMAX) is to provide high-speed access to the Internet where the transmission control protocol (TCP) is the core transport protocol. In this paper we study through extensive simulation scenarios the performance characteristics of five representative TCP schemes, namely, TCP New Reno, Vegas, Veno, Westwood, and BIC, in WiMAX (and WLANs) networks, under the conditions of correlated wireless errors, asymmetric end-to-end capabilities, and link congestion. The target is to evaluate how the above conditions would affect the TCP congestion control and suggest the best schemes to be employed in WiMAX networks.

13

Park, Jinwoo, Hyogon Kim, and Jin-Young Choi. "Improving TCP Performance in Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) Communication." Electronics 8, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111206.

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On a connected car, the performance of Internet access will significantly affect the user experience. For electric cars that use vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communication to interact with the Internet during charging, the charge cable quality poses a challenge to the V2G communication. Specifically, the performance of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the transport protocol that most Internet applications use, may suffer due to the high noise and consequent errors that the charge cable presents. Currently, TCP NewReno is the TCP implementation that ISO 15118 standard stipulates for the V2G communication. However, its congestion control algorithm has been designed for the general Internet environment where congestion, not link errors, account for most of packet losses. Indeed, we confirm that the throughput of TCP NewReno rapidly degrades as the error rate increases on the charge cable. Specifically, we show that other TCP variants such as TCP Illinois far exceeds TCP NewReno in both lossy and non-lossy link environments. Finally, we propose how to configure TCP NewReno parameters to make it achieve the throughput comparable to other TCP variants on V2G communication environments, regardless of the link quality presented by the charging cable.

14

Matten, Ahmad, and Adnan Anwar. "Performance Analysis of TCP Variants using AQM and ECN." Journal of the Institute of Internet Broadcasting and Communication 16, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2016.16.1.129.

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15

Bandhu, Kailash Chandra, and Ashok Bhansali. "Impact of Frame Duration and Modulation Coding Schemes With WiMAX Bandwidth Asymmetry in Transmission Control Protocol Variants." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 8, no. 1 (January 2019): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2019010103.

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WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access which is based on IEEE 802.16 specification and is considered as de facto standard for the broadband wireless data transfer over the internet. The different values of various WiMAX parameters for different TCP variants may affect the performance of the network. This article compares the performance of different TCP variants with bandwidth asymmetry, frame duration, and modulation coding schemes, along with the operating parameter namely number of wireless nodes. During the simulation study the performance was evaluated only for one-way data transfer. The finding suggests that the TCP New Reno performed better than other variants included in the simulation study for the comparison. The performance was measured on the basis of throughput, goodput and packets dropped.

16

Khan, Koffka, and Wayne Goodridge. "QoE Evaluation Of Legacy TCP Variants Over DASH." International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications 12, no. 05 (2021): 4656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35444/ijana.2021.12501.

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17

Bisoy, Sukantkishoro, Pradeep Kumar Mallick, and Anjana Mishra. "Fairness analysis of TCP variants in asymmetric network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11287.

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Conservative nature of Vegas creates less opportunity to get fair share of bandwidth then Reno in wired network. On the other hand, aggressive nature of Reno helps to achieve more share of bandwidth. Both Reno and Vegas assumes that congestion occurs in the forward rather than in reverse path. In asymmetric network the path characteristics of forward and backward is different.In this work, we propose a network model and analyzed the Inter-protocol fairness between TCP Reno and TCP Vegas with some queue management techniques such as Droptail and random early detection (RED) in asymmetric network where the forward and backward path has different characteristics. The simulation experiment results using NS2 indicates that use of RED can achieve better fairness than Droptail in asymmetric network.

18

Pal, Debajyoti. "Performance Analysis of Different MANET Specific TCP variants." i-manager's Journal on Information Technology 1, no. 3 (August 15, 2012): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jit.1.3.1906.

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19

Awdeh, R. Y., and S. Akhtar. "Comparing TCP variants in presence of reverse traffic." Electronics Letters 40, no. 11 (2004): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20040472.

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20

., Deeksha Kotian, Shibani Shetty ., Shifana Begum ., and Akhilraj V. Gadagkar . "A Comparative study of TCP variants in MANET." Volume-5 Issue-2 5, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23883/ijrter.2019.5011.kzsaj.

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21

Singh, Garima, Sri Krishna jayadev Magani, Rinku Sharma, Basharat Bhat, Ashish Shrivastava, Madhusudhan Chinthakindi, and Ashutosh Singh. "Structural, functional and molecular dynamics analysis of cathepsin B gene SNPs associated with tropical calcific pancreatitis, a rare disease of tropics." PeerJ 7 (October 3, 2019): e7425. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7425.

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Tropical Calcific Pancreatitis (TCP) is a neglected juvenile form of chronic non-alcoholic pancreatitis. Cathepsin B (CTSB), a lysosomal protease involved in the cellular degradation process, has recently been studied as a potential candidate gene in the pathogenesis of TCP. According to the Cathepsin B hypothesis, mutated CTSB can lead to premature intracellular activation of trypsinogen, a key regulatory mechanism in pancreatitis. So far, CTSB mutations have been studied in pancreatitis and neurodegenerative disorders, but little is known about the structural and functional effect of variants in CTSB. In this study, we investigated the effect of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) specifically associated with TCP, using molecular dynamics and simulation algorithms. There were two non-synonymous variants (L26V and S53G) of CTSB, located in the propeptide region. We tried to predict the effect of these variants on structure and function using multiple algorithms: SIFT, Polyphen2, PANTHER, SDM sever, i-Mutant2.0 suite, mCSM algorithm, and Vadar. Further, using databases like miRdbSNP, PolymiRTS, and miRNASNP, two SNPs in the 3′UTR region were predicted to affect the miRNA binding sites. Structural mutated models of nsSNP mutants (L26V and S53G) were prepared by MODELLER v9.15 and evaluated using TM-Align, Verify 3D, ProSA and Ramachandran plot. The 3D mutated structures were simulated using GROMACS 5.0 to predict the impact of these SNPs on protein stability. The results from in silico analysis and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that these variants in the propeptide region of Cathepsin B could lead to structural and functional changes in the protein and thus could be pathogenic. Hence, the structural and functional analysis results have given interim conclusions that these variants can have a deleterious effect in TCP pathogenesis, either uniquely or in combination with other mutations. Thus, it could be extrapolated that Cathepsin B gene can be screened in samples from all TCP patients in future, to decipher the distribution of variants in patients.

22

Uruilal, Costanza, Abraham Talahaturuson, Wihelmina Rumahlewang, and Jogeneis Patty. "ISOLASI Trichoderma spp. DAN DAYA ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU PADA TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum anuum) SECARA IN-VITRO." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2017.13.2.64.

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The objective of this study is to isolation and agonistic test ability of Trichoderma spp. againts Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. cause of wilting on pepper plants and has been conducted in Pathogenicity Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Unpatti. The study use 5 treatment of isolate Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 and Tc7) with 3 replications so that there are 15 experimental units. The results showed that the five isolates Trichoderma spp. has an antagonistic power to S. rolfsii with an average percentage of inhibition of S. rolfsii of 26,01%. Percentage of inhibition bolth of isolate ware not significantly different at 95% level test results between treatment. Average percentage inhibition of S. rolfsii by Trichoderma spp. each treatment was Tc6 = 27,31%, Tc3 = 26,63%, Tc5 = 26,05%, Tc7 = 25,69% and Tc4 = 24,37%. Keywords: antagonism, Trichoderma spp., Sclerotium rolfsii Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan menguji kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma spp. terhadap Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. penyebab layu pada tanaman cabai dan telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Patogenisitas Fakultas Pertanian Unpatti, dengan menggunakan 5 perlakuan isolat Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 dan Tc7) dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 15 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat Trichoderma sp. mempunyai daya antagonis terhadap S. rolfsii dengan rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii sebesar 26%. Hasil analisis varians pada taraf 95% menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara perlakuan. Rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii oleh Trichoderma spp. masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah Tc6 = 27,31%, Tc3 = 26,63%, Tc5 = 26,05%, Tc7 = 25,69% dan Tc4 = 24,37%, dengan rata-rata 26,01%. Kata kunci: antagonisme, Trichoderma spp., Sclerotium rolfsii

23

Dave, Heena H., Prof Parul Dihulia, and Prof Vikas Gupta. "Performance Analysis by Varying Parameters of TCP Variants Using NS-2 Simulator." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2013/45.

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24

Ahmad, Usman, Md Asri Bin Ngadi, and Ismail Fauzi Bin Isnin. "Fairness Evaluation and Comparison of Current Congestion Control Techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i1.pp176-181.

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used by many applications on the Internet for the reliable data transmission. TCP does not able to utilize the available link bandwidth quickly and efficiently in High bandwidth short distance (HBSD) and high bandwidth long distance (HBLD) networks. Many congestion control techniques also known as TCP variants are developed to solve these problems in different network environments. In this paper an experimental analysis is done for the performance evaluation of TCP CUBIC, TCP Compound, TCP Reno and High speed TCP in term of Inter and Intra Protocol fairness by using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2). Results show that the performance of TCP CUBIC pathetically down and TCP Compound and TCP Reno shows good performance in term of protocol fairness. However, these congestion control techniques still need more improvement for the utilization of available link bandwidth in HBLD networks and other network resources.

25

Mateen, Ahamed, and Muhanmmad Zaman. "Congestion Control Algorithms Evaluation of TCP Linux Variants in Dumbbell." Journal of the Institute of Internet Broadcasting and Communication 16, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2016.16.1.139.

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26

Razaque, Abdul, and Khaled Elleithy. "Proportional Study of TCP Variants over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks." International Journal of Computer Applications 107, no. 21 (December 18, 2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/19146-0352.

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27

Molia, Hardik K., and Amit D. Kothari. "TCP Variants for Mobile Adhoc Networks: Challenges and Solutions." Wireless Personal Communications 100, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 1791–836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5675-8.

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28

Hernawan, Agung. "Comparative Performance Testing of the Impact of ACK Loss in TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, and TCP New Reno on the ns-2 Simulator." JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 7, no. 1 (July 28, 2023): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jite.v7i1.9542.

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In TCP/IP networks, TCP provides reliable delivery service with the guarantee that packets sent reach their destination. This is achieved through the use of acknowledgments (ACK) as a mechanism. In TCP/IP networks, TCP provides reliable delivery service with the guarantee that packets sent reach their destination. This is achieved through the use of acknowledgments (ACK) as a mechanism. In all three variants of TCP, they rely on the presence of ACK packets. Therefore, testing will be conducted to observe the effect of ACK loss on TCP performance. The testing involves introducing disruptive traffic on the ACK path with varying magnitudes. This disruptive traffic results in the loss of some ACK packets, depending on the magnitude of the disruptive traffic. The testing was conducted using the ns-2 simulator software. The research findings indicate that the loss of ACK packets leads to a decrease in TCP performance. TCP Reno successfully improves the performance of TCP Tahoe, but the algorithm improvement in TCP New Reno does not have an effect on TCP Reno..

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Edwan, Talal A., Iain W. Phillips, Lin Guan, Jon Crowcroft, Ashraf Tahat, and Bashar E. A. Badr. "Revisiting legacy high-speed TCP congestion control variants: An optimisation-theoretic analysis of multi-mode TCP." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 118 (July 2022): 102542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102542.

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Sarkar, Nurul I., Ping-Huan Ho, Sonia Gul, and Salahuddin Muhammad Salim Zabir. "TCP-LoRaD: A Loss Recovery and Differentiation Algorithm for Improving TCP Performance over MANETs in Noisy Channels." Electronics 11, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091479.

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Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming popular technologies because they offer flexibility in setting up anytime and anywhere, and provide communication support on the go. This communication requires the use of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which is not originally designed for use in MANET environments; therefore, it raises serious performance issues. To overcome the deficiency of the original TCP, several modifications have been proposed and reported in the networking literature. TCP-WELCOME (Wireless Environment, Link losses, and Congestion packet loss ModEls) is one of the better TCP variants suitable for MANETs. However, it has been found that this protocol has problems with packet losses because of network congestion as it adopts the original congestion control mechanism of TCP New Reno. We also found that TCP-WELCOME does not perform well in noisy channel conditions in wireless environments. In this paper, we propose a novel loss recovery and differentiation algorithm (called TCP-LoRaD) to overcome the above-mentioned TCP problems. We validate the performance of TCP-LoRaD through an extensive simulation setup using Riverbed Modeler (formerly OPNET). Results obtained show that the proposed TCP-LoRaD offers up to 20% higher throughput and about 15% lower end-to-end delays than the TCP-WELCOME in a noisy channel under medium to high traffic loads.

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Faruque, Shah M., M. Kamruzzaman, Ismail M. Meraj, Nityananda Chowdhury, G. Balakrish Nair, R. Bradley Sack, Rita R. Colwell, and David A. Sack. "Pathogenic Potential of Environmental Vibrio cholerae Strains Carrying Genetic Variants of the Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Pathogenicity Island." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 2 (February 2003): 1020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.2.1020-1025.2003.

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ABSTRACT The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), which is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor which is also the receptor for CTXΦ. The genes for the biosynthesis of TCP are part of a larger genetic element known as the TCP pathogenicity island. To assess their pathogenic potential, we analyzed environmental strains of V. cholerae carrying genetic variants of the TCP pathogenicity island for colonization of infant mice, susceptibility to CTXΦ, and diarrheagenicity in adult rabbits. Analysis of 14 environmental strains, including 3 strains carrying a new allele of the tcpA gene, 9 strains carrying a new allele of the toxT gene, and 2 strains carrying conventional tcpA and toxT genes, showed that all strains colonized infant mice with various efficiencies in competition with a control El Tor biotype strain of V. cholerae O1. Five of the 14 strains were susceptible to CTXΦ, and these transductants produced CT and caused diarrhea in adult rabbits. These results suggested that the new alleles of the tcpA and toxT genes found in environmental strains of V. cholerae encode biologically active gene products. Detection of functional homologs of the TCP island genes in environmental strains may have implications for understanding the origin and evolution of virulence genes of V. cholerae.

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P, Subramanya, Vinayaka K S, Gururaj H L, and Ramesh B. "Performance Evaluation of High Speed TCP Variants in Dumbbell Network." IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 16, no. 2 (2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0661-16264853.

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Chandrasekaran, M., and R. S. D. Wahida Banu. "Interaction Between MIMD-Poly and PIPD-Poly Algorithms and Other TCP Variants in Multiple Bottleneck TCP Networks." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 2, no. 3 (July 2006): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2006070104.

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Grazia, Carlo Augusto, Natale Patriciello, Martin Klapez, and Maurizio Casoni. "Transmission Control Protocol and Active Queue Management together against congestion: cross-comparison through simulations." SIMULATION 95, no. 10 (November 30, 2018): 979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718814626.

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Most Internet traffic is carried by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) nowadays, even in the case of real-time services. Detecting and mitigating the congestion is one of the primary tasks of this protocol, in fact, different TCP versions are defined by their congestion control algorithms. Furthermore, Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms share the same goal of congestion mitigation with TCP; in particular, the most efficient congestion control occurs when AQM and TCP work together. This paper presents a brief survey and a cross-comparison of the latest and most important TCP and AQM variants, then provides an evaluation of a different kind of performance on the ns-3 network simulator over various types of environments (multiple Round Trip Time, long delay, different congestion levels, etc.). In any shared bottleneck, the choice of the TCP-AQM couple to adopt is crucial. We will show that the results are not univocal and the “one size fits all” solution does not exist. Moreover, the proper couple depends on the performance that we want to boost and on the environment that we have to deal with.

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Jung, Yoona, Jooseong Kim, Sukyoung Kim, Shin hye Chung, and Jinhong Wie. "Development of Cellular Signaling Pathways by Bioceramic Heat Treatment (Sintering) in Osteoblast Cells." Biomedicines 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2023): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030785.

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Bioceramics are calcium-phosphate-based materials used in medical and dental implants for replacing or repairing damaged bone tissues; however, the effect of bioceramic sintering on the intracellular signaling pathways remains unknown. In order to address this, we analyzed the impact of sintering on the cell signaling pathways of osteoblast cells using sintered and non-sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). X-ray diffraction indicated that only the morphology of HA was affected by sintering; however, the sintered bioceramics were found to have elevated the calcium concentrations in relation to the non-sintered variants. Both bioceramics inhibited the JNK signaling pathway; the sintered HA exhibited half the value of the non-sintered variant, while the sintered β-TCP rarely expressed a p-JNK value. The total Src and Raptor protein concentrations were unaffected by the sintering, while the p-Src concentrations were decreased. The p-EGFR signaling pathway was regulated by the non-sintered bioceramics, while the p-p38 concentrations were reduced by both the sintered β-TCP and HA. All of the bioceramics attenuated the total AKT concentrations, particularly the non-sintered HA, and the AKT phosphorylation concentration, except for the non-sintered β-TCP. Thus, the sintering of bioceramics affects several intracellular signaling pathways. These findings may elucidate the bioceramic function and expand their application scope as novel substrates in clinical applications.

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Cheah, Chia Wei, Nisreen Mohammed Al-Namnam, May Nak Lau, Ghee Seong Lim, Renukanth Raman, Peter Fairbairn, and Wei Cheong Ngeow. "Synthetic Material for Bone, Periodontal, and Dental Tissue Regeneration: Where Are We Now, and Where Are We Heading Next?" Materials 14, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 6123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206123.

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Alloplasts are synthetic, inorganic, biocompatible bone substitutes that function as defect fillers to repair skeletal defects. The acceptance of these substitutes by host tissues is determined by the pore diameter and the porosity and inter-connectivity. This narrative review appraises recent developments, characterization, and biological performance of different synthetic materials for bone, periodontal, and dental tissue regeneration. They include calcium phosphate cements and their variants β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramics and biphasic calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-TCP ceramics), calcium sulfate, bioactive glasses and polymer-based bone substitutes which include variants of polycaprolactone. In summary, the search for synthetic bone substitutes remains elusive with calcium compounds providing the best synthetic substitute. The combination of calcium sulphate and β-TCP provides improved handling of the materials, dispensing with the need for a traditional membrane in guided bone regeneration. Evidence is supportive of improved angiogenesis at the recipient sites. One such product, (EthOss® Regeneration, Silesden, UK) has won numerous awards internationally as a commercial success. Bioglasses and polymers, which have been used as medical devices, are still in the experimental stage for dental application. Polycaprolactone-TCP, one of the products in this category is currently undergoing further randomized clinical trials as a 3D socket preservation filler. These aforementioned products may have vast potential for substituting human/animal-based bone grafts.

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Faruque, Shah M., Jun Zhu, Asadulghani, M. Kamruzzaman, and John J. Mekalanos. "Examination of Diverse Toxin-Coregulated Pilus-Positive Vibrio cholerae Strains Fails To Demonstrate Evidence for Vibrio Pathogenicity Island Phage." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 6 (June 2003): 2993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.6.2993-2999.2003.

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ABSTRACT The major virulence factors of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin, which is encoded by a lysogenic filamentous bacteriophage (CTXΦ), and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), an essential colonization factor that is also the receptor for CTXΦ. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of TCP reside in a pathogenicity island, which has been reported to correspond to the genome of another filamentous phage (designated VPIΦ) and to encode functions necessary for the production of infectious VPIΦ particles. We examined 46 V. cholerae strains having diverse origins and carrying different genetic variants of the TCP island for the production of the VPIΦ and CTXΦ in different culture conditions, including induction of prophages with mitomycin C and UV irradiation. Although 9 of 10 V. cholerae O139 strains and 12 of 15 toxigenic El Tor strains tested produced extracellular CTXΦ, none of the 46 TCP-positive strains produced detectable VPIΦ in repeated assays, which detected as few as 10 particles of a control CTX phage per ml. These results contradict the previous report regarding VPIΦ-mediated horizontal transfer of the TCP genes and suggest that the TCP island is unable to support the production of phage particles. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanism of horizontal transfer of the TCP island.

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Paul, Hrituparna, Anish Kumar Saha, Partha Pratim Deb, and Partha Sarathi Bhattacharjee. "Comparative Analysis of Different TCP Variants in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network." International Journal of Computer Applications 52, no. 13 (August 30, 2012): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/8262-1802.

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B N, Prof Yuvaraju, and Dr Niranjan N. Chiplunkar. "Scenario Based Performance Analysis of variants of TCP using NS2-Simulator." International Journal of Computer Applications 4, no. 9 (August 10, 2010): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/855-1197.

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40

Patel, Rimjhim, and Manoj Rawat. "TCP Variants under MANET Environment & Their Analysis using NS-2." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 10, no. 9 (April 25, 2014): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v10p285.

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41

李, 在伟. "Performance Evaluation of High Speed TCP Variants over Optical Burst Switching Networks." Computer Science and Application 04, no. 11 (2014): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2014.411034.

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Abdulwahid, Sarah N. "Development of an efficient mechanism for rapid protocols using NS-2 simulator." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/csit.v3i1.77.

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The delivered effort in this manuscript is grounded on NS-2 (The Network Simulator 2) to implement the congestion control process of classic TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), with new congestion control mechanism. In this paper, a novel congestion control algorithm is offered, which contains of slow-start and congestion avoidance mechanisms. The proposed slow-start algorithm assumes a duplicating and an interpolating approach to the congestion window (cwnd) for each increment instead of the exponential increment used by other TCP source variants such as Reno, Vega, Tahoe, Newreno, Fack, and Sack. Furthermore, the enhanced congestion avoidance algorithm is built by using an improved Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) algorithm with multi TCP flow facility, to provide an enhanced congestion control algorithm with some valuable properties to improve TCP routine for high speed protocols. The improvement strategy based on merging of slow start, congestion avoidance mechanism that are used in TCP congestion control, to create a new AIMD algorithm with a new relationship between the pair parameters a and b. This paper is also involved in the creation of rapid agent in NS-2 models designed to identify the modified TCP and to configure the NS-2 platform. A fast TCP also includes an innovative scheme to slow the rapid start to help TCP to start faster through the high speed networks and also to postpone the congestion state as much as possible.

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Abdulwahid, Sarah N. "Development of an efficient mechanism for rapid protocols using NS-2 simulator." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/aptikom.j.csit.81.

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The delivered effort in this manuscript is grounded on NS-2 (The Network Simulator 2) to implement the congestion control process of classic TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), with new congestion control mechanism. In this paper, a novel congestion control algorithm is offered, which contains of slow-start and congestion avoidance mechanisms. The proposed slow-start algorithm assumes a duplicating and an interpolating approach to the congestion window (cwnd) for each increment instead of the exponential increment used by other TCP source variants such as Reno, Vega, Tahoe, Newreno, Fack, and Sack. Furthermore, the enhanced congestion avoidance algorithm is built by using an improved Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) algorithm with multi TCP flow facility, to provide an enhanced congestion control algorithm with some valuable properties to improve TCP routine for high speed protocols. The improvement strategy based on merging of slow start, congestion avoidance mechanism that are used in TCP congestion control, to create a new AIMD algorithm with a new relationship between the pair parameters a and b. This paper is also involved in the creation of rapid agent in NS-2 models designed to identify the modified TCP and to configure the NS-2 platform. A fast TCP also includes an innovative scheme to slow the rapid start to help TCP to start faster through the high speed networks and also to postpone the congestion state as much as possible.

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Naser, J. I., and A. J. Kadhim. "PERFORMANCE OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS WITH CONGESTION ALGORITHMS OF TCP VARIANTS IN MANET." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 79, no. 3 (2020): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v79.i3.20.

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R. Britto Pradeep, A., N. Dhinakaran, and P. Anitha Christy Angelin. "Comparison of Drop Rates in Different TCP Variants Against Various Routing Protocols." International Journal of Computer Applications 20, no. 6 (April 30, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/2441-3294.

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Kaur, Navreet, Sandhya Umrao, and Rajneesh Kumar Gujral. "Simulation based Analysis of TCP Variants over MANET Routing Protocols using NS2." International Journal of Computer Applications 99, no. 16 (August 20, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/17458-8305.

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Syad, Iffat, Sehrish Abrejo, and Asma Ansari. "Analysis of Proactive and Reactive Manet Routing Protocols Under Selected TCP Variants." International Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing 4, no. 4 (August 31, 2013): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijasuc.2013.4402.

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Islam, Syful, Ratnadip Kuri, Md Humayun Kabir, and Md Javed Hossain. "Exploring Congestion Control Mechanism of TCP Variants over Wired & Wireless Networks." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 9, no. 9 (September 25, 2018): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2018.09.04.

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Alrshah, Mohamed A., Mohamed Othman, Borhanuddin Ali, and Zurina Mohd Hanapi. "Comparative study of high-speed Linux TCP variants over high-BDP networks." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 43 (August 2014): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2014.04.007.

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Abed, Ghassan A., Mahamod Ismail, and Kasmiran Jumari. "Behavior of cwnd for TCP Source Variants over Parameters of LTE Networks." Information Technology Journal 10, no. 3 (February 15, 2011): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2011.663.668.

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