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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Freebairn, John, and John Quiggin. "Water rights for variable supplies." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 50, no. 3 (September 2006): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2006.00341.x.

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2

KIRKE, Brian, and Leo LAZAUSKAS. "Variable Pitch Darrieus Water Turbines." Journal of Fluid Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (2008): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jfst.3.430.

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3

Liu, M. "Variable Water Flow Pumping for Central Chilled Water Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1488667.

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Анотація:

A new variable water (VW) flow system for chilled water system application is presented. Design, operational, and control issues are discussed. Analytical models of pump power and evaporative temperature are developed. The VW systems consume considerably less pump and compressor energy than the primary secondary (PS) systems under partial load conditions for most existing chillers. The VW system consumes less compressor energy since it results in higher refrigerant temperature in the evaporator. The VW systems also have the decoupling capability of the primary and secondary pumping systems.

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4

Mailindra, Wiyan, and Azwar Anas. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Air Minum PDAM Tirta Sakti Kerinci." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 18, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v18i2.489.

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This research was carried out using quantitative descriptive method. to determine the factors that affect demand for drinking water PDAM Tirta Sakti Kerinci regency during the years 2003-2017 used multiple linear regression model with melogaritmakan model. From the calculation by using SPSS version 12.0 was obtained coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.984, which means that the model is able to explain the total variation in demand caused by the variable Per Capita Income, Price Water, Number of Customers and Production. From the result, known that variable-free variables Per Capita Income, Price Water, Total Customer and production significantly influence the dependent variable was the demand of drinking water. But if we see a partial, then only the per capita income variable, the variable price of water and production variables that significantly influence the dependent variable was the demand of drinking water. This was seen from test results where the t-calculated t = 3.098> 1.812 but has a negative direction for variable income per capita, t-count = 2.475> t-table value = 1.812 for the variable price of water and t-calculated value = 4.805> t -table = 1.812 for the variable production, because t count> t-table, so Ho is rejected. This means that the variable of per capita income, water price variable and the variables significantly affect the production of variable demand (consumption) of drinking water on the PDAM Tirta Sakti Kerinci district.

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5

Dixon, Daniel N., and Stephen K. Mitchell. "Shallow water propagation with variable depth." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, S1 (April 1985): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2022191.

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6

Grimshaw, R. H. J., and S. Y. Annenkov. "Water Wave Packets Over Variable Depth." Studies in Applied Mathematics 126, no. 4 (January 10, 2011): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9590.2010.00508.x.

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7

Usman, Muhammad, Zahira Batool, and Maqsod Anjum. "EFFECTS OF WATER CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR ON AVAILABILITY OF DRINKING WATER IN FAISALABAD, PUNJAB PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 01 (March 31, 2022): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i1.658.

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Анотація:

The water consumption behavior is needed to be monitor to avoid the clean water scarcity. The proposed research is being conducted to assess the clean water consumption behavior of people. The nature of study was Quantitative. It is concluded that strong negative relationship exists between independent variables (Household Income, Large size of family, family type, Consumption behavior of water on different activities) and Dependent variables (Availability of Drinking Water). Results of the study also revealed the strong positive relationship between independent variable (Awareness regarding water) independent and dependent variable (Availability of Drinking Water). Keywords: Drinking Water Availability, Water Consumption Behavior, Water Related Awareness Water Consumption

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8

Putri, Nanda Regita Cahyaning, Ifan Deffinika, and Dicky Arinta. "Distribution of Water Pollution SubBengawan Solo Upstream Watershed on Central Java in 2020." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1066, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1066/1/012013.

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Abstract The Bengawan Solo watershed is included in the 15 priority watersheds that must be restored because it is one of the 108 critical watersheds in Indonesia. It is indicated that the Bengawan Solo Hulu sub-watershed is experiencing pollution and water quality degradation due to the population growth rate and various community activities around the watershed area. This research was conducted to study pollution and water quality using a spatial approach in the Upper Solo Bengawan sub-watershed in the Central Java region. The research was conducted using the Pollution Index method and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) modeling using BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, DO and Phosphate parameters. The results of the Pollution Index carried out show that 5 sample points are included in the category of light pollution quality and 8 sample points are moderately polluted. The lowest pollution index value is 2. 87 at point 3 of the Upper Samin River area, Karanganyar Regency. The highest pollution index value is 7.5 at point 9 in the Lower Premulung River area, Surakarta City. The results of GWR on the dependent variable BOD show that the DO variable has the most significant effect. In the dependent variable COD, the BOD variable has the most significant effect. The TDS and Phosphate variables have the most significant effect on each dependent variable and the DO dependent variable shows that the BOD variable has the most significant effect compared to other variables. In the dependent variable COD, the BOD variable has the most significant effect. The TDS and Phosphate variables have the most significant effect on each dependent variable and the DO dependent variable shows that the BOD variable has the most significant effect compared to other variables. In the dependent variable COD, the BOD variable has the most significant effect. The TDS and Phosphate variables have the most significant effect on each dependent variable and the DO dependent variable shows that the BOD variable has the most significant effect compared to other variables.

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9

Gallardo, M., L. E. Jackson, K. Schulbach, R. L. Snyder, R. B. Thompson, and L. J. Wyland. "Production and water use in lettuces under variable water supply." Irrigation Science 16, no. 3 (February 1996): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02215620.

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10

Gallardo, M., L. E. Jackson, K. Schulbach, R. L. Snyder, R. B. Thompson, and L. J. Wyland. "Production and water use in lettuces under variable water supply." Irrigation Science 16, no. 3 (March 28, 1996): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002710050011.

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11

Philip, J. R. "Variable-head ponded infiltration under constant or variable rainfall." Water Resources Research 29, no. 7 (July 1993): 2155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93wr00748.

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12

Hu, Jiang, and Juanjuan Wen. "Modeling the correlation between water resources carbon emission and water consumption." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220113082h.

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Анотація:

Study the influencing factors and future changes of consumption carbon emissions and water consumption, and provide scientific support for the formulation of targeted policies in the region. Analyze the mechanism of energy consumption structure on carbon intensity, calculate the carbon emission of water intake system, water supply system, drainage and sewage treatment system; use the idea of carbon emission decomposition model to build a water consumption decomposition model. LMDI is used to decompose all factors without residual error, and the trend coefficient of gray correlation degree is used to judge the growth trend of energy consumption and carbon emission. The Baiyangdian Lake Basin is selected as the research water area. Based on the statistical data from 1986 to 2018, the direct path coefficients of the respective variables can be obtained. The absolute value of the respective variable t value is greater than t0.01(25)=2.496, indicating that the path coefficient of the respective variable to the dependent variable is extremely significant. The growth rate of total energy consumption and certain energy consumption is less than the growth rate of CO2 emissions, and the minimum detected carbon emissions per unit time is not less than 20Kg, indicating that the proposed method has certain monitoring efficiency and monitoring stability.

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13

Kono, Tadashi. "Studies Variable Water Investigated from the Number." Sen'i Gakkaishi 68, no. 7 (2012): P_198—P_200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.68.p_198.

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14

Warrick, A. W., D. Zerihun, C. A. Sanchez, and A. Furman. "Infiltration under Variable Ponding Depths of Water." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 131, no. 4 (August 2005): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2005)131:4(358).

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15

Ghimire, Narishwar, and Ronald C. Griffin. "Variable Irrigation District Action in Water Trading." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 51, no. 3 (December 8, 2014): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12267.

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16

Sydorenko, Dr Volodymyr, and Kostyantyn Buravchenko. "Variable structure Control Applied to Water Supply." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 11, no. 04 (April 2016): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-1104041418.

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17

Udjiana, S. Sigit, Sigit Hadiantoro, and Noor Isnaini Azkiya. "Perbandingan Karakteristik Plastik Biodegradable dari Biji Durian menggunakan Filler Kalsium Silikat dan Kalsium Karbonat." Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v5i1.197.

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Pada penelitian ini biji durian digunakan sebagai sumber pati dalam pembuatan plastik biodegradable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan jumlah filler terhadap sifat biodegradable, sifat mekanik dan sifat water absorbtion pada plastik biodegradable berbasis pati biji buah durian. Plasticizer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sorbitol 40%, sedangkan filler yang digunakan adalah Kalsium silikat (Ca2SiO4) dan Kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dengan variable konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh % yield dari pati biji buah durian sebesar 34,57%. Hasil dari plastik biodegradable terbaik dengan karakteristik transparan, tidak ada gelembung, lentur serta permukaan yang halus diperoleh pada variabel penambahan filler kalsium karbonat 4%. Hasil uji bio-degradasi paling mendekati standard ASTM D6400 diperoleh pada variabel kalsium karbonat 2%. Pada Uji water absorption hasil terbaik dicapai pada variabel kalsium silikat 8%. Uji tarik hasil terbaik diperoleh pada variabel kalsium silikat 6%.In this study, durian seeds were used as a source of starch in making biodegradable plastics. This study aims to determine the effect of the type and amount of filler on biodegradable properties, mechanical properties, and water absorption properties of biodegradable plastics based on durian fruit starch. The plasticizer used in this study was sorbitol 40%, while the filler used was Calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) and Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with variable concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%.. From the research results, the% yield of durian seed starch was 34.57%. The results of the best biodegradable plastic with the characteristics of transparent, no bubbles, flexible and smooth surface were obtained with the addition of 4% calcium carbonate filler variables. The bio-degradation test results closest to the ASTM D6400 standard were obtained in the 2% calcium carbonate variable. In the water absorption test, the best results were achieved at the 8% calcium silicate variable. The best tensile test results were obtained in the 6% calcium silicate variable.

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18

Rafalskaya, T. A. "Modeling of Variable Operating Modes of Water-to-Water Heat Exchangers." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1079, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 022085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1079/2/022085.

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19

Juntunen, Petri, Mika Liukkonen, Marja Pelo, Markku J. Lehtola, and Yrjö Hiltunen. "Modelling of Water Quality: An Application to a Water Treatment Process." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/846321.

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The modelling of water treatment processes is challenging because of its complexity, nonlinearity, and numerous contributory variables, but it is of particular importance since water of low quality causes health-related and economic problems which have a considerable impact on people’s daily lives. Linear and nonlinear modelling methods are used here to model residual aluminium and turbidity in treated water, using both laboratory and process data as input variables. The approach includes variable selection to find the most important factors affecting the quality parameters. Correlations of∼0.7–0.9 between the modelled and real values for the target parameters were ultimately achieved. This data analysis procedure seems to provide an efficient means of modelling the water treatment process and defining its most essential variables.

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20

Hugi-Cleary, Deirdre, Lothar Helm, and Andr� E. Merbach. "Variable-Temperature and Variable-Pressure17O-NMR Study of Water Exchange of Hexaaquaaluminium(III)." Helvetica Chimica Acta 68, no. 3 (May 15, 1985): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19850680302.

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21

Tumanggor, Bagudek, and Darwin Damanik. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI AIR BERSIH DI PDAM TIRTAULI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR." jesya 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 1535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i2.722.

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This study aims to analyze the factors that influence water consumption in PDAM Tirtauli Pematangsiantar City. This research is a quantitative research that examined questionnaire data from household customers from PDAM Tirtauli Pematangsiantar City, namely 30 respondents. The variables of this study consisted of three independent variables, namely the price of water (X1), the number of family members (X2) and the income of family members (X3), and one dependent variable, namely water consumption (Y). This study is a quantitative study analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression with the help of the Eviews 9 program to test and prove the hypothesis. The results of this study are the price of water tariffs (X1), number of family members (X2), and income (X3) have a positive effect on water consumption in PDAM Tirtauli Pematangsiantar City. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable price of water tariff, number of family members, and income can explain the variation in the consumption variable of 0.724 or 72.4%. While the remaining 27.6% can be explained by other variables outside the variables of this study.

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22

Yang, Jin Ming. "Fuzzy Control for Variable Cooling Water Flow System." Advanced Materials Research 461 (February 2012): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.105.

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The variable flow cooling water system can achieve energy saving benefits just like variable primary flow chilled water system for central air conditioning system. How to design the control system with appropriate control algorithms and control strategies is particularly important. We can clarify the basic control principle of variable cooling water flow technology based on the analysis on DOF (degree of freedom) of cooling water systems, it is important for control system design. The article pointed out explicitly that the realization of variable flow technology for cooling water system must construct two control loops, one for cooling water supply temperature the other for return temperature, further more discussed control strategies for two control loops. In the end the article illustrated the synchronous frequency conversion technology for multiple cooling water pumps system to avoid overload when part of pumps put in operation

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23

Hu, Chang, and Dang Sheng Li. "Research on Water Saving Irrigation and Optimal Allocation of Water Resources." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1000–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1000.

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The agricultural irrigation water of Kaifeng is mainly supplied by the Yellow River and the local underground water. According to the conditions of irrigation area water supply and groundwater reduction for many years, the paper puts forward the optimal allocation and the supplying water programs on using combination of surface water and groundwater. By using variable one-dimensional search technology, the nonlinear programming problem will be turned into linear programming problem. Thus, choose different decision variables and different parameters to use computing in order to get to approach the optimal allocation of water resources.

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24

Subardi, Khayan, and Paulina. "Relationship between Housewife Behavior in Using Clean Water and Diarrhea in Toddlers (0-59 Months) at Sukamulya Public Health Center, Singkup District, Ketapang Regency." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KESEHATAN BORNEO 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30602/jtkb.v2i2.34.

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Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five. Some of the causes of disease are clean water and disposal of feces, both of which are influenced by human behavior. This research is research using the observational method with a case-control study design. The samples taken in this study were toddlers (0-59 months) who suffered from diarrhea and the houses around the patients who did not have diarrhea. The data used in this study is secondary data from related agencies and primary data obtained from interviews and observations. From the survey results, 31.1% suffer from diarrhea, and 68.9% are not sick. Then from the bivariate results with X2 5% analysis received four variables that are not related to diarrheal disease in toddlers, namely the variable of using clean water sources (0.297), behavior variable choosing clean water (0.227), behavior variable transporting clean water (1,000), behavioral variable using clean water (0.073) and one related variable, namely the variable protecting clean water (0.021).

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25

Palinggi, Yonathan, and Novi Widya Asmara Ningrum. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Sambungan Air Minum Pada PDAM Tenggarong Seberang." Jurnal Ekonomi & Manajemen Indonesia 21, no. 1 (June 13, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53640/jemi.v21i1.887.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of income variables, number of family members and the needs of influencing the demand for drinking water connections at the Tenggarong Seberang Branch Office of PDAM. This study used a research sample of 90 people with a probability sampling method. The analysis tool uses multiple regression analysis. The results showed that from the F test, it was found that F count 96.447> F table 2.47 so that it can be said that the variables of income, number of family members and needs together are able to show a significant effect on the demand for drinking water connections at the Tenggarong Seberang Branch Office of PDAM. Partially, the income variable, family member variable, need variable have a positive influence on the demand for drinking water connections. The variable of need has the most dominant influence on the demand for water connection, which is 0.617 or 61.7%, followed by the income variable of 0.588 or 58.8%, and the variable of the number of family members is 0.483 or 48.3%. Keywords : Customer Income, Number of Family Members, Needs, Connection Request

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26

Case, David A., Paul Nichols, and Edmund Fantino. "PIGEONS' PREFERENCE FOR VARIABLE-INTERVAL WATER REINFORCEMENT UNDER WIDELY VARIED WATER BUDGETS." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 64, no. 3 (November 1995): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1995.64-299.

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27

Mauri, Robson, Rubens D. Coelho, Eusímio F. Fraga Junior, Fernando Da S. Barbosa, and Daniel P. V. Leal. "WATER RELATIONS AT THE INITIAL SUGARCANE GROWTH PHASE UNDER VARIABLE WATER DEFICIT." Engenharia Agrícola 37, no. 2 (April 2017): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n2p268-276/2017.

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28

Maruyama, Atsushi, Manabu Nemoto, Takahiro Hamasaki, Sachinobu Ishida, and Tsuneo Kuwagata. "A Water Temperature Simulation Model for Rice Paddies With Variable Water Depths." Water Resources Research 53, no. 12 (December 2017): 10065–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017wr021019.

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29

Kiss, Péter T., and András Baranyai. "Transferable model of water with variable molecular size." Journal of Chemical Physics 134, no. 21 (June 7, 2011): 214111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3596727.

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30

Brand, J., D. Engels, and A. Winnberg. "Water vapour masers in long-period variable stars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 644 (November 27, 2020): A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039157.

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Анотація:

Context. Water masers emitting at a radiofrequency of 22 GHz are often found in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars. We monitored the H2O maser emission of a larger sample of evolved stars of different types to study the maser properties as a function of stellar type. Aims. We wish to understand the origin and evolution of the H2O masers in circumstellar envelopes. In this paper, we take a closer look at R Crt and RT Vir, two nearby (<250 pc) semi-regular variable stars. The findings complement our monitoring results for RX Boo and SV Peg, two other semi-regular variable stars that we have discussed in a previous paper. Methods. Within the framework of the Medicina/Effelsberg H2O maser monitoring programme, we observed the maser emission of R Crt and RT Vir for more than two decades with single-dish telescopes. To get insights into the distribution of maser spots in the circumstellar envelopes at different times, to get an idea of their longevity, and, where possible, to be able to link the phenomena seen in our observations to maser locations within the envelopes, we collected interferometric data for these stars, taken within the same period, from the literature. Results. The H2O masers in R Crt and RT Vir exhibit brightness variations on a variety of timescales. We confirm short-time variations of individual features on timescales of months to up to 1.5 yr, as seen by previous monitoring programmes. Also decade-long variations of the general brightness level, independent from individual features, were seen in both stars. These long-term variations are attributed to brightness variations occurring independently from each other in selected velocity ranges and they are independent of the optical light curve of the stars. Expected drifts in velocity of individual features are usually masked by the blending of other features with similar velocities. However, in RT Vir, we found the exceptional case of a single feature with a constant velocity over 7.5 yr (<0.06 km s−1 yr−1). Conclusions. We attribute the long-term brightness variations to the presence of regions with higher-than-average density in the stellar wind and hosting several clouds which emit maser radiation on short timescales. These regions typically need ~20 yr to cross the H2O maser shell, where the right conditions for exciting H2O masers are present. Different clouds contained in such a region all move within a narrow range of velocities, and so does their maser emission. This sometimes gives the impression of longer-living features in single-dish spectra, in spite of the short lifetimes of the individual components that lie at their origin, thus, naturally explaining the longer timescales observed. The constant velocity feature (11 km s−1) is likely to come from a single maser cloud, which moved through about half of RT Vir’s H2O maser shell without changing its velocity. From this, we infer that its path was located in the outer part of the H2O maser shell, where RT Vir’s stellar wind has, apparently, already reached its terminal outflow velocity. This conclusion is independently corroborated by the observation that the highest H2O maser outflow velocity in RT Vir approaches the terminal outflow velocity, as given by OH and CO observations. This is generally not observed in other semi-regular variable stars. All four stars in our study are of optical variability type SRb, indicating the absence of periodic large-amplitude variations. Therefore, any likely responses of the maser brightness to variations of the optical emission are masked by the strong short-term maser fluctuations.

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31

Chowdhury, F. A., and K. J. Chau. "Variable focus microscopy using a suspended water droplet." Journal of Optics 14, no. 5 (April 18, 2012): 055501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/14/5/055501.

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32

HAMAMOTO, Takuji, and Ken-ichi FUJITA. "WATER TANK EXPERIMENT OF SHAPE-VARIABLE FLOATING STRUCTURES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 81, no. 724 (2016): 1039–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.81.1039.

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33

Teng, Michelle H., and Theodore Y. Wu. "Evolution of long water waves in variable channels." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 266 (May 10, 1994): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094001011.

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This paper applies two theoretical wave models, namely the generalized channel Boussinesq (gcB) and the channel Korteweg–de Vries (cKdV) models (Teng & Wu 1992) to investigate the evolution, transmission and reflection of long water waves propagating in a convergent–divergent channel of arbitrary cross-section. A new simplified version of the gcB model is introduced based on neglecting the higher-order derivatives of channel variations. This simplification preserves the mass conservation property of the original gcB model, yet greatly facilitates applications and clarifies the effect of channel cross-section. A critical comparative study between the gcB and cKdV models is then pursued for predicting the evolution of long waves in variable channels. Regarding the integral properties, the gcB model is shown to conserve mass exactly whereas the cKdV model, being limited to unidirectional waves only, violates the mass conservation law by a significant margin and bears no waves which are reflected due to changes in channel cross-sectional area. Although theoretically both models imply adiabatic invariance for the wave energy, the gcB model exhibits numerically a greater accuracy than the cKdV model in conserving wave energy. In general, the gcB model is found to have excellent conservation properties and can be applied to predict both transmitted and reflected waves simultaneously. It also broadly agrees well with the experiments. A result of basic interest is that in spite of the weakness in conserving total mass and energy, the cKdV model is found to predict the transmitted waves in good agreement with the gcB model and with the experimental data available.

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34

Jahanfarnia, G., S. Tashakor, A. A. Salehi, and A. Abbaspour Tehrani Fard. "Variable moderation high performance light water reactor (VMHWR)." Annals of Nuclear Energy 58 (August 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2013.02.025.

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35

Sharma, D. N., and Ramchand Oad. "Variable-time model for equitable irrigation water distribution." Agricultural Water Management 17, no. 4 (March 1990): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(90)90086-e.

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36

Zeng, Y. M., O. P. Malik, and G. S. Hope. "Variable Structure Control of Water Turbine Governing System." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 22, no. 9 (August 1989): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)53274-7.

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37

Clark, Cathy Ann. "Acoustic wave propagation in horizontally variable shallow water." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 4049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4989367.

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38

Moubarak, Ahmed, Gaber El-Saady, and El-Noby A. Ibrahim. "Variable Speed Photovoltaic Water Pumping Using Affinity Laws." Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 05, no. 11 (2017): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2017.511005.

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39

Winnberg, A., D. Engels, J. Brand, L. Baldacci, and C. M. Walmsley. "Water vapour masers in long-period variable stars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 482, no. 3 (March 4, 2008): 831–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078295.

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40

Lacombe, H., P. Tchernia, and L. Gamberoni. "Variable bottom water in the Western Mediterranean basin." Progress in Oceanography 14 (January 1985): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(85)90015-1.

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41

Manini, Elena, Gian Marco Luna, and Roberto Danovaro. "Benthic bacterial response to variable estuarine water inputs." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 50, no. 3 (November 2004): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.06.011.

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42

Tomperi, Jani, and Kauko Leiviskä. "Utilizing variable selection methods in modelling potable water quality." Water Supply 19, no. 4 (October 17, 2018): 1187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.173.

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Abstract Predictive models are potential tools for assessing changes in a water treatment process and water quality, and to be used as assistance in process control to ensure the production and distribution of high quality drinking water to consumers with lower operation costs. In this work, mathematical variable selection methods were utilized to find the optimal subsets of variables to develop predictive models for the two quality parameters of drinking water. The found variable subsets were evaluated using three modelling methods and comparisons with the expert knowledge-based models were carried out. The study pointed out the importance of expert knowledge and showed that predicting the quality of treated water is possible but finding an optimal subset of input parameters for a model that predicts the precise value of a quality parameter is challenging.

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43

Demiray, Hilmi. "Weakly nonlinear waves in water of variable depth: Variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries equation." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 60, no. 6 (September 2010): 1747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2010.07.005.

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44

AL-agele, Hadi A., Lloyd Nackley, and Chad Higgins. "Testing Novel New Drip Emitter with Variable Diameters for a Variable Rate Drip Irrigation." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020087.

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This research presents a new variable rate drip irrigation (VRDI) emitter design that can monitor individual water drops. Conventional drip systems cannot monitor the individual water flow rate per emitter. Application uniformity for conventional drip emitters can be decreased by clogged emitters, irregular emitter orifices, and decreases in pressure. A VRDI emitter can overcome the irrigation challenges in the field by increasing water application uniformity for each plant and reducing water losses. Flow rate is affected by the diameter of the delivery pipe and the pressure of the irrigation delivery system. This study compares the volumetric water flow rate for conventional drip emitters and new VRDI emitters with variable diameters inner (1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, and 1.6 mm) and outside (3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, and 4.5 mm) with three pressures (34 kPa, 69 kPa, and 103 kPa). The tests revealed that the new VRDI emitter had flow rates that increased as the operating pressure increased similar to a conventional drip tube. The flow rate was slightly increased in the VRDI with pressure, but even this increase did not show large changes in the flow rate. The flow rate of the conventional drip tube was 88% larger than the VRDI emitter for all pressures (p < 0.05). However, operating pressure did not affect the drop sizes at the VRDI emitter, but the generalized linear mixed models (GLM) results show that volume per drop was impacted by the outside diameter of the VRDI outlet (p < 0.05). The interaction between the inner and outside diameter was also significant at p < 0.01, and the interaction between outside diameter and pressure was statistically significant at p < 0.01. The electronic components used to control our VRDI emitter are readily compatible with off-the-shelf data telemetry solutions; thus, each emitter could be controlled remotely and relay data to a centralized data repository or decision-maker, and a plurality of these emitters could be used to enable full-field scale VRDI.

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45

Rodrigues, Sérgio Augusto, Paulo André de Oliveira, Ricardo Ghantous Cervi, Lilian Cristina Trevizan, and Carlos Roberto Padovani. "Canonical analysis of climatic factors associated with the quality characteristics of drinking water of a city in São Paulo State." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2219.

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Several factors may contribute to changes in monitoring parameters of drinking water quality, especially climatic characteristics. Behavioral studies of these characteristics are relevant to the rational and sustainable use of water resources and better monitoring of the quality of water available for the population. To assess the association between water quality and climate, this research explored physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics considered important for the monitoring of water quality, analyzed in casual samples collected daily from the distribution system of a city, and considered monthly data of climatic characteristics from 2007 to 2011. The associations between these two sets of variables were assessed by the multivariate procedure of the canonical correlation analysis. The results indicate a positive correlation between the canonical variable formed by the linear combination of climatic variables and the canonical variable formed by the linear combination of water quality variables.

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46

Septianingsih, Amin. "PEMODELAN DATA PANEL MENGGUNAKAN RANDOM EFFECT MODEL UNTUK MENGETAHUI FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI UMUR HARAPAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Lebesgue : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Matematika dan Statistika 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/lb.v3i3.163.

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Life Expectancy (UHH) is one indicator of the health status assessment of the population for government programs successful. Life Expectancy at birth is defined as the average estimated length of life of a person that can live from birth. Life Expectancy is affected by the environment, food availability, education, government policy, community’s economy, and so on. In this study, the factors model will be conducted, affects the community’s life expectancy for all Indonesia’s provinces that involve the percentage of household variable which has decent drinking water (AML), percentage of household variable that has decent housing (HL), percentage of household variable that has access to proper sanitation (ASL), percentage of poor residents (PM) variable, and years of schooling average (RLS) variable. The modeling results, three independent variables significantly affected towards life expectancy variable or clean water and sanitation (ASL) variable, poor people (PM) variable, and years of schooling average (RLS) variable. The model result showed that the coefficient determination score is 0,859 which is the independent variable able to explain the dependent variable which is 85,90%, meanwhile the rest is 14,10% which is explained by other variables, outside the model

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47

Watermann, Tobias, and Daniel Sebastiani. "Liquid Water Confined in Cellulose with Variable Interfacial Hydrophilicity." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 232, no. 7-8 (July 26, 2018): 989–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2017-1011.

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Abstract We investigate liquid water confined within nanoscale cellulose slabs by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Depending on the construction of the cellulose–water interface, two different surface structures with distinct levels of hydrophilicity are exposed to the water. The different philicities are reflected in the response of the water phase to this geometric confinement, both in terms of the density profile and in the strength of the aqueous hydrogen bonding network. At the smooth surface cut along the (010) axis of the cellulose crystal, water shows typical properties of a hydrophilic confinement: the density shows fluctuations that disappear further away from the wall, the water molecules orient themselves and the coordination numbers increases at the interface. As a consequence, the water becomes “harder” at the interface, with a considerably increased local ordering. At the zigzag-shaped surface along the (111) axis, the degree of hydrophilicity is reduced, and only small effects can be seen: the density shows weak fluctuations, and the orientation of the water molecules is closer to that of bulk water than to the smooth surface. The local coordination numbers remains constant over the whole confinement. Our work shows that the nature of the exposed cellulose interface has a strong influence on how the structure of adjacent water is modified. The different ways of surface construction yield distinct degrees of hydrophilicity and spatial accessibility regarding the hydrogen bond network, resulting in a notably different interfacial water structure.

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48

Yang, Jun-He, Ching-Hsue Cheng, and Chia-Pan Chan. "A Time-Series Water Level Forecasting Model Based on Imputation and Variable Selection Method." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8734214.

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Reservoirs are important for households and impact the national economy. This paper proposed a time-series forecasting model based on estimating a missing value followed by variable selection to forecast the reservoir’s water level. This study collected data from the Taiwan Shimen Reservoir as well as daily atmospheric data from 2008 to 2015. The two datasets are concatenated into an integrated dataset based on ordering of the data as a research dataset. The proposed time-series forecasting model summarily has three foci. First, this study uses five imputation methods to directly delete the missing value. Second, we identified the key variable via factor analysis and then deleted the unimportant variables sequentially via the variable selection method. Finally, the proposed model uses a Random Forest to build the forecasting model of the reservoir’s water level. This was done to compare with the listing method under the forecasting error. These experimental results indicate that the Random Forest forecasting model when applied to variable selection with full variables has better forecasting performance than the listing model. In addition, this experiment shows that the proposed variable selection can help determine five forecast methods used here to improve the forecasting capability.

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49

Iacono, Francesco, Massimo Bertamini, and Tardáguila Javier. "Methodological aspects and experimental conditions in the use of fluorescence as an index of water stress in cut leaves from genus Vitis." OENO One 26, no. 3 (September 30, 1992): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1992.26.3.1195.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Fluorescence emission is linked to leaf physiological conditions. In particular water stress modifies emission curves strongly. But fluorescence is also influenced by some factors which usually arise in experimental vine breeding programmes. The present research studies some variables that usually characterize the trials on genus <em>Vitis</em>: rootstocks and graftings.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The time of measurement is very important and the fluorescence variables (absolute value) are not correlated with leaf water content. It needs a standardisation by time. The gross relation between fluorescence (after standardisation) and RWC is significant but it is modified by the rootstock behaviour. The Variable Fluorescence is strongly linked to leaf water content, even though the Maximum rate of Fluorescence Quenching shows a variable correlation with decreasing RWC. The genotype controls that variable better than Variable Fluorescence.</p>

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50

Harter, Thomas, and Dongxiao Zhang. "Water flow and solute spreading in heterogeneous soils with spatially variable water content." Water Resources Research 35, no. 2 (February 1999): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998wr900027.

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