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Статті в журналах з теми "Values-based research management"
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Wesnawa, I. Gede Astra, and I. Gede Sudirta. "Management of Boundary Areas Based on Nyamabraya Values." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture 3, no. 5 (September 25, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v3i5.543.
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This research was conducted in Bali Province for 3 (three) years, with the aim to produce a model of management of land border area based on the concept of nyamabraya. With the concept of local wisdom, conflicts in the border areas of provinces, districts, and villages in Bali can be avoided or minimized, resulting in the territorial stability and even the integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia remains sustainable. In particular, the objectives of the Year I research are: (1) to identify socio-cultural characteristics of the community in the management of the land border areas; (2) to identify and analyze local government policies in the management of terrestrial border areas; and (3) to analyze and synthesise aspects of the development of the management model Land border areas. To achieve these objectives, then conducted research by using research paradigm development of prototypical type studies combined with reflective analysis method. Research data collected by observation technique, documentation, interview, then analyzed qualitatively. The result of research: (1) socio-cultural characteristics of the community in the management of land border area, (2) local government policy in the management of land border area, and (3) aspects of development model of land border area management.
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Harefa, Amstrong, Jesslyn Elisandra Harefa, Maria Magdalena Zagoto, and Oskah Dakhi. "Management of Learning Based on Pancasila Values in Early Childhood." Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 6, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 3124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.2247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The internalization of Pancasila is carried out from an early age. This is related to the problems in the community of the fading of the noble values of the Indonesian state's guidelines for life. The final goal of this study was to find the methods used by Teachers in instilling Pancasila values in early childhood in kindergarten. Qualitative research methods are used to achieve this goal by making kindergarten teachers as informants determined through purposive techniques and Snowball sampling. Data was collected by placing researchers as the primary "tool" supported by interviewing, observation, and documentation techniques. The netted data was analyzed with miles and Huberman's qualitative data analysis techniques. The results concluded that kindergarten teachers' level of knowledge and understanding about the types of learning methods in early childhood is quite good. Methods of planting Pancasila values used in some kindergartens in West Gunungsitoli Subdistrict include playing, telling stories, singing, conversing, demonstrations, role-playing, habituation methods, and tourism.
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McManamon, Francis P., John Doershuk, William D. Lipe, Tom McCulloch, Christopher Polglase, Sarah Schlanger, Lynne Sebastian, and Lynne Sullivan. "Values-Based Management of Archaeological Resources at a Landscape Scale." Advances in Archaeological Practice 4, no. 2 (May 2016): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/2326-3768.4.2.132.
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AbstractPublic agencies at all levels of government and other organizations that manage archaeological resources often face the problem of many undertakings that collectively impact large numbers of individually significant archaeological resources. Such situations arise when an agency is managing a large area, such as a national forest, land management district, park unit, wildlife refuge, or military installation. These situations also may arise in regard to large-scale development projects, such as energy developments, highways, reservoirs, transmission lines, and other major infrastructure projects that cover substantial areas. Over time, the accumulation of impacts from small-scale projects to individual archaeological resources may degrade landscape or regional-scale cultural phenomena. Typically, these impacts are mitigated at the site level without regard to how the impacts to individual resources affect the broader population of resources. Actions to mitigate impacts rarely are designed to do more than avoid resources or ensure some level of data recovery at single sites. Such mitigation activities are incapable of addressing research question at a landscape or regional scale.
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Monderer, Dov. "Measure-Based Values of Nonatomic Games." Mathematics of Operations Research 11, no. 2 (May 1986): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.11.2.321.
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Monderer, Dov. "Asymptotic Measure-Based Values of Nonatomic Games." Mathematics of Operations Research 14, no. 4 (November 1989): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.14.4.737.
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Giraud, Françoise, and Olivier Saulpic. "Research-based teaching or teaching-based research." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 16, no. 4 (October 14, 2019): 563–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-10-2017-0097.
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Purpose The relationship between research and teaching – sometimes referred to as the research–teaching nexus – is an important issue in education literature. However, although it is acknowledged that this question is specific to each discipline, it is rarely addressed in the management accounting (MA) literature. Outside MA, the literature focuses on the influence of research on teaching but rarely touches on the influence of teaching on research. This paper has two aims: to enhance the understanding of the research–teaching link in MA and to analyse the link from teaching into research. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a reflexive analysis of a case in which the content of a management control course progressively changed over a period of 15 years. The authors structure their description of the case using Dewey’s concept of inquiry. Findings This paper first shows that designing the content of this course was a form of research and it produced knowledge. This analysis also suggests that the influence of research on teaching can take other forms than introducing research results or methods into teaching; designing teaching content is nurtured by not only scientific considerations but also pedagogical considerations and lecturers’ values; and linking research and teaching raises different issues dependent on the stance adopted by MA scholars in their research. Research limitations/implications The academic community should seriously consider that knowledge can be produced in a teaching context, through the design of a teaching content. Originality/value This paper contributes to an inquiry process by documenting how course content is actually designed, which has not yet been done in the MA literature.
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Kühn, Anna-Lena, Markus Stiglbauer, and Ev Zschäckel. "Values-based management in cooperative banks: Balancing self-perception with public perception?" Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 3 (2013): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i3siart6.
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The main target of cooperative banks is not to maximize profits but to jointly manage a business. With this in mind, assuming a stakeholder-oriented behavior of cooperative banks, we address whether cooperative banks consider multiple stakeholder values and take a sustainable governance approach. We conduct a content analysis of the annual reports of German cooperative banks, with reference to two research questions: Are the basic principles and values of cooperatives optimally realized and communicated to external stakeholders? Can cooperative banks comply with the requirements of the triple bottom line, namely the economic, environmental and social responsibility? We find that cooperative banks do not effectively communicate their cooperative values and thus inadequately manage to demonstrate the implementation of their core values. Yet cooperative banks avail of a sustainable business model that offers the potential of sustainable business conduct.
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Cole, Bryan R. "Integrating Site-Based Management and Effective Schools Research for Policy Development." Journal of School Leadership 3, no. 3 (May 1993): 228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268469300300302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shared decision making is a central tenet of site-based management. Effective educational policy should be an outgrowth of this shared decision making and provide direction for educational practice. To this end, this article provides a sequentially integrated approach to policy development. By incorporating analyses of foundations of educational decision making, accepted practices of site-based management, sound educational research, assessment of policy values, and a disciplined decision-making process, campus management teams can provide the effective, proactive leadership that society and the educational community demand and deserve. The model outlined is designed to provide educational leaders with an enhanced context within which one can effectively integrate site-based management principles and effective schools research that will result in policies and practices for more effective schools.
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Supriyanto, Supriyanto, and Amrin Amrin. "Curriculum Management and Development of Multicultural Values Based Learning on State Madrasah Tsanawiyah 15 Boyolali." AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan 14, no. 4 (September 26, 2022): 5991–6002. http://dx.doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i4.2201.
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This study aims to analyze curriculum management and learning development based on multicultural values at MTsN 15 Boyolali as an effort to improve and develop the institution. This research uses field research with qualitative case studies at MTsN 15 Boyolali. The data collection method used in-depth interviews and documentation with research subjects namely the Principal, Deputy Head of Curriculum, and several teachers at MTsN 15 Boyolali. Data analysis was carried out using a flow model, namely data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results showed that curriculum management and learning development based on multicultural values at MTs N 15 Boyolali had been implemented by taking into account three main components, namely: 1) planning, 2) implementation, and 3) evaluation/supervision. although there are still things that need to be addressed and implemented, such as teachers who lack innovation and the literacy power of teachers about multiculturalism is still weak. So that it requires cooperation from all parties through curriculum management, both from foundations, school principals, teachers, and other parties involved. All of this also needs to be supported by proper education.
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C Cruz, Juan, and Justin Blaney. "How Does Organizational Culture Influence the Adoption of Research Evidence by Management Practitioners?" Muma Business Review 5 (2021): 071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4834.
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Using the best available evidence from multiple sources can lead to more effective management practice. However, management practitioners often make decisions based on limited evidence, mostly from personal experience and judgment. Values, beliefs, and practices may conflict with a manager’s ability to use research evidence in practice. This systematic review suggests that an integration of the diffusion of innovations (Rogers, 1995) and planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) theories may be used to explain the influence of values, beliefs, and practices on the adoption of research evidence by management practitioners. These cultural influence factors may be conceptualized as moderating the effects of innovation diffusion efforts on research evidence adoption behavior. Viewing evidence-based management (EBMgt) as an innovation, organizational managers may employ innovation diffusion strategies to influence values, beliefs, and practices conducive to using research evidence in management practice. This review presents recommendations for both practitioners and scholars to facilitate EBMgt. Practitioners can promote a culture that enables evidence-based practice, use tact when presenting evidence to a skeptical audience, and form partnerships with scholars. Leaders can promote the use of evidence in their organizations, provide evidence-based practice tools and training, and use human resource practices to ensure key positions are proficient in research skills. Scholars can publish more practitioner-friendly evidence and teach business and management students research skills.
Дисертації з теми "Values-based research management"
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Salahuddin, Ahmad. "Values in agricultural research and development management for pro-poor impact: the case of PETRRA Project, Bangladesh." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/65934.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In spite of many years of quality agricultural research and overall agricultural and economic growth, there has been slow progress in the reduction of rural poverty in many developing countries. There is agreement that technology alone is unable to solve the problem of poverty. There are many other issues that need to be considered - some are agroecological and some are social-economic-cultural-institutional-infrastructural. There has recently been fruitful discussion on poverty-focused agricultural research within national and international agricultural research systems. But the actual application of these new ideas and discussions in research has been limited. Although all agree that there is a need to discover ways to achieve greater impact on poverty from research that has been conducted, there is as yet no clear evidence of achievement based on practical experiences. There is little or no real discussion in the literature that demonstrates whether the approach to research affects poverty status. This thesis revisits different interventions and identifies gaps in the literature in understanding approaches to agricultural research. It examines whether working directly with poor men and women farmers in partnership with organisations can contribute to poverty reduction. It also explores a range of values, asking whether they can make pro-poor research and development more effective and, more importantly, whether a value-based research management approach can significantly contribute to poverty elimination. The experience of a recently completed IRRI-managed and DFID-funded project, the Poverty Elimination Through Rice Research Assistance (PETRRA) project, which claimed to have used a value-based approach to agricultural research management, was used as a case study to learn about the effectiveness of such an approach. The project was implemented in Bangladesh for 5 years with more than 50 national and international partners and in close collaboration with the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). A qualitative research methodology was used to explore the effectiveness of the value-based research management approach utilised by the project. The values included working with the poor men and women farmers on their demands and priorities, conducting research that ensures participation of men and women farmers, working with partners who work with the poor farmers, and developing networks and linkages to sustain technologies and innovations and communicate results to a large number of poor farmers for impact. Under PETRRA, a competitive research commissioning approach was used in the selection of partners. The research method involved interviewing the research partners that led research and development subprojects 4 years on from the completion of the project. This group represents the intermediary group that made the link between two large groups: i) the national-international agricultural research and development system and ii) the users, the poor men and women farmers or the farmer groups. During the interviews, the partners of PETRRA evaluated their experience with the value-based approach that was adopted by PETRRA and analysed its effectiveness. The research revealed that the experience of engaging with values and the value-based management approach was mostly positive. The scientists from national and international research centres and development professionals from government, non-government, and private organizations were successful in linking agricultural research, values, and the need for a management approach to achieve the objective of poverty reduction. They were able to see the strengths of the values when they were used in combination to complement each other. They observed the superior effectiveness in poverty reduction of research outputs in the form of technologies and other innovations that were developed through a value-based approach. They also identified the need for and effectiveness of the contribution of continuous capacity-building efforts on the part of the project management unit in support of a value-based approach. There was clear evidence of capacity-building impact on individual partners and their respective organizations as many of these individuals and organizations sustained the learning after the project ended. Many technologies and innovations, networks, and tools that were developed in the respective subprojects were successfully used by poor farmers, some were replicated by other organizations, and some were mainstreamed and internalised within the organizations that developed them. Many partner organizations involved were substantially changed. Those who had no previous agricultural programme became champions in agriculture, and those who had never worked with resource-poor men-women farmers became leader organizations in conducting such programmes. Many individuals and organizations became advocates and became known nationally. All such evidence indicates the effectiveness of the value-based agricultural research management approach. The thesis concludes that pro-poor agricultural research and development is possible, even within a traditional setting. The challenge is to create a management approach around research and development activities that is value-based and that can facilitate a learning environment where all actors can contribute, play their due role, and get credit for it.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2011
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Aleixo, Sofia. "Cultural Values Change in the Rehabilitation of Historic Schools in Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the importance of the preservation of the historic built environment for the benefit of present and future generations, there is a lack of knowledge of the effects of architectural rehabilitation decisions on the cultural significance of historic buildings. Architectural heritage conservation literature has focused almost exclusively on providing principles and guidelines, describing intervention methodologies, and discussing predicted impacts of design on material values. This thesis argues that a focus on the actual effects is needed if the sociocultural sustainability of historic buildings significance is to be achieved. Supported by an extensive literature review and informed by personal insights from the researcher’s everyday practice, an adapted model of the Theory of Change based on Weiss (1995) was designed, providing a tool to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation on cultural significance [ERECS].
Using a selection of six recently rehabilitated historic secondary schools in Portugal (liceus), this research investigated architectural decisions and their effects on the cultural values of this building typology for education, focusing on three objectives, corresponding to three stages of interventions: understanding the existing cultural significance, identifying the design strategies applied and assessing the short-term effects of design decisions on the cultural values.
Stressing the role of stakeholders in rehabilitation processes, data were collected from the buildings and architectural projects, the decision makers in the conservation process, and the school community.
Although confirming that the evaluation of the effects of architectural decisions on cultural values is a complex task, the findings demonstrate that the historic liceus have historical, architectural and sociocultural values, and whilst strategies did not value social values, material cultural values were generally considered and preserved, contributing to the enhancement of intangible values. The implications of this theory-based and evidence-based research highlight the importance of evaluating actual effects for cultural heritage theory,
architectural conservation practice and heritage management policy.This work was developed with a Doctoral Bursary given by the Foundation for Science and Technology (ref. SFRH/BD/60763/2009), with sponsorship supported by POPH/FSE.
Книги з теми "Values-based research management"
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Christensen, Harriet H. A research framework for natural resource-based communities in the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2001.
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A research framework for natural resource-based communities in the Pacific Northwest. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2001.
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Chee Chee, Lim. Case Studies in Management and Business (Volume 3). UUM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672064428.
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Institute for Management and Business Research (IMBRe) is pleased to put forward this book which contains a compilation of business management case studies.The cases in this book are meant for teaching and learning purposes which could be used for both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.In specific, the first case about Lang Buana Museums requires students to apply their knowledge of how to manage an entity in public sector with respect to its accountability, financial management and accounting to address the Museums problems in trying to improve the operation and financial conditions of the Museums. The second case about Regular Care insurance and Critical Care insurance requires students to apply their knowledge of insurance management and also financial management about time value of money (TVM) concept in making purchase decisions for different needs of medical care and for different premium payment terms.The third case about BFN Bank Berhad requires students to apply their knowledge of bank management with respect to commercial banks operations and its lending activities to come up with turnaround strategies in reducing the banks non-performing loans (NPLs) to enable the bank to generate high return. The fourth case about Langkawi Buffalo Park requires students to apply their knowledge of how to manage a farm to improve its performance with respect to management, marketing and finance by conducting SWOT analysis and re-establishing the length of time expected to break even.The fifth case about a small family business requires students to apply their knowledge of strategic management by performing SWOT analysis, explaining how business creates values under cost-leadership strategy, discussing the disadvantages of resource-based model and identifying exit barriers. The sixth and last case about Knots Group Café requires students to apply their knowledge of human resource management with regard to the recruitment, development (talent management) and retention of employees for business sustainability.
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Leisink, Peter, Lotte B. Andersen, Gene A. Brewer, Christian B. Jacobsen, Eva Knies, and Wouter Vandenabeele, eds. Managing for Public Service Performance. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893420.001.0001.
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How does management make a meaningful contribution to public service performance? This is the overall question of this volume. The sixteen chapters aim to clarify conceptual issues; critically reflect on assumptions underlying public management and public service performance understandings; theoretically explain direct and indirect relationships between management and performance; and outline a research agenda based on a review of the extant literature. In order to achieve these aims, this volume takes a multidisciplinary, critical, rigorous, and context-sensitive approach. The disciplines of public management, leadership, human resource management, and work and organization psychology are combined because they focus differently on aspects of management, public service performance, employee outcomes, and linking mechanisms such as employees’ attitudes and behaviors. Multidisciplinarity is illustrated by the variety of management aspects examined: different types of leadership behaviors, people management, performance management, human resource management systems, diversity management, and change management. Stakeholders often emphasize different public values that influence what they hold desirable in public service provision. The authors critically reflect on which stakeholder interests are included and excluded in empirical studies. The institutional perspective informs critical reflection on public sector context factors that affect the management–performance relationship in democratic societies. By paying attention to distinctive features of the public sector context, the volume contributes to both knowledge growth and the improvement of public services in practice.
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Gond, Jean-Pascal, Christiane Demers, and Valérie Michaud. Managing Normative Tensions within and across Organizations. Edited by Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.13.
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What can the Economies of Worth (EW) and paradox frameworks learn from each other? Organizational paradoxes often present a moral dimension that has rarely been accounted for empirically or theorized by paradox scholars. The EW scholars, on the other hand, have developed a sophisticated analysis to explain how ordinary actors engage with multiple moral dimensions yet have barely theorized the full set of responses that actors can mobilize to deal with such tensions. This chapter addresses this double blind spot by cross-fertilizing paradox thinking and the EW framework with the aim of discussing the normative dimensions of paradox management and providing a conceptualization of how organizational actors can deal with tensions involving moral values. The EW framework is introduced, its assumptions with paradox approaches clarified and compared and then what each framework can learn from the other is analyzed. A research agenda is offered based on a new integrative framework.
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Rebernik, Miroslav, and Karin Širec, eds. Entrepreneurship in a New Reality: GEM Slovenia 2020, Executive Summary. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-469-9.
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Entrepreneurship is the strongest driver of economic growth and development and has a very large impact on overall social development. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) has a history of 22 years of entrepreneurship research, with a special focus on the earliest stages, when business opportunities are perceived and individuals decide whether to engage in entrepreneurship. Their direct living environment, especially the prevailing cultural values, the company's tendency to entrepreneurship and the orderliness of the business environment, have a great influence on the involvement of individuals in entrepreneurial activities. Accordingly, the conceptual framework of GEM is set, which enables the treatment of individuals and their attitude towards entrepreneurship, perception of entrepreneurship and involvement in the establishment and / or ownership and management of a company. With its help, we can therefore gain a deeper insight into national entrepreneurship and its characteristics and a more complete picture than can be provided by various statistical sources based solely on data obtained from existing companies.
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Hankin, David, Michael S. Mohr, and Kenneth B. Newman. Sampling Theory. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815792.001.0001.
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We present a rigorous but understandable introduction to the field of sampling theory for ecologists and natural resource scientists. Sampling theory concerns itself with development of procedures for random selection of a subset of units, a sample, from a larger finite population, and with how to best use sample data to make scientifically and statistically sound inferences about the population as a whole. The inferences fall into two broad categories: (a) estimation of simple descriptive population parameters, such as means, totals, or proportions, for variables of interest, and (b) estimation of uncertainty associated with estimated parameter values. Although the targets of estimation are few and simple, estimates of means, totals, or proportions see important and often controversial uses in management of natural resources and in fundamental ecological research, but few ecologists or natural resource scientists have formal training in sampling theory. We emphasize the classical design-based approach to sampling in which variable values associated with units are regarded as fixed and uncertainty of estimation arises via various randomization strategies that may be used to select samples. In addition to covering standard topics such as simple random, systematic, cluster, unequal probability (stressing the generality of Horvitz–Thompson estimation), multi-stage, and multi-phase sampling, we also consider adaptive sampling, spatially balanced sampling, and sampling through time, three areas of special importance for ecologists and natural resource scientists. The text is directed to undergraduate seniors, graduate students, and practicing professionals. Problems emphasize application of the theory and R programming in ecological and natural resource settings.
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Halvorsen, Tar, and Peter Vale. One World, Many Knowledges: Regional experiences and cross-regional links in higher education. African Minds, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/978-0-620-55789-4.
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Various forms of academic co-operation criss-cross the modern university system in a bewildering number of ways, from the open exchange of ideas and knowledge, to the sharing of research results, and frank discussions about research challenges. Embedded in these scholarly networks is the question of whether a global template for the management of both higher education and national research organisations is necessary, and if so, must institutions slavishly follow the high-flown language of the global knowledge society or risk falling behind in the ubiquitous university ranking system? Or are there alternatives that can achieve a better, more ethically inclined, world? Basing their observations on their own experiences, an interesting mix of seasoned scholars and new voices from southern Africa and the Nordic region offer critical perspectives on issues of inter- and cross-regional academic co-operation. Several of the chapters also touch on the evolution of the higher education sector in the two regions. An absorbing and intelligent study, this book will be invaluable for anyone interested in the strategies scholars are using to adapt to the interconnectedness of the modern world. It offers fresh insights into how academics are attempting to protect the spaces in which they can freely and openly debate the challenges they face, while aiming to transform higher education, and foster scholarly collaboration. The Southern African-Nordic Centre (SANORD) is a partnership of higher education institutions from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. SANORDs primary aim is to promote multilateral research co-operation on matters of importance to the development of both regions. Our activities are based on the values of democracy, equity, and mutually beneficial academic engagement.
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Steffen, Ann M., Leah P. Dick-Siskin, Ann Choryan Bilbrey, Larry W. Thompson, and Dolores Gallagher-Thompson. Treating Later-Life Depression. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190068394.001.0001.
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This culturally responsive workbook uses the evidence-based methods of cognitive behavioral therapy to help middle-aged and older adults build on existing strengths and reduce symptoms of depression, whether they are feeling “a little blue” or are very depressed. The culmination of more than four decades of research, this empirically supported and effective treatment program helps clients learn how to develop and use healthy habits to improve mood and quality of life. This workbook is intended to be used as an adjunct to clinician-provided CBT and is not a self-help book to be used on its own. The personalized approach used in this workbook means that, together with their clinician, individuals decide which of the modules are a good fit for their specific life circumstances. Each module includes easy to read, large-print Learn pages that therapists can use to help clients learn specific depression management skills, along with Practice forms to use between sessions to practice, remember, and use these skills. Complete with information and practical strategies for improving depression and related concerns (e.g., anxiety, sleep, chronic pain, brain health, caregiving, grief and personal relationships), this thoroughly revised second edition of Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach provides indispensable resources to help culturally diverse aging individuals thrive in a daily life that is true to their values and personal strengths.
Частини книг з теми "Values-based research management"
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Taki, Hirokazu, Satoshi Hori, and Norihiro Abe. "Cse-Based Quality Management System using Expectation Values." In Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, 572–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48508-2_42.
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Huang, Zhiping, and Hongmei Xiang. "Research on Service-Oriented E-Government Performance Evaluation Management System Based on Civic Values." In Advanced Technology in Teaching - Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Conference on Teaching and Computational Science (WTCS 2009), 767–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11276-8_101.
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Loucks, Daniel P. "Solving Models Using Calculus." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 121–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93986-1_10.
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AbstractSolutions to many economic models are based on marginal values of functions, such as marginal costs, marginal benefits, and marginal net benefits, or whatever the function being maximized or minimized represent. These marginal values are the slopes of functions. This chapter introduces how to use differential calculus to find the slopes and solutions to problems characterized by continuous non-linear functions. The reverse, called integral calculus, is also introduced for finding areas under functions that can represent total costs, benefits, and/or other values such as probabilities that are discussed in later chapters.
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Hoang, Thanh-Van, Tien-Yin Chou, Yao-Min Fang, Chun-Tse Wang, Ming Chang Tsai, Quoc Dinh Nguyen, Quoc Huy Nguyen, Quang Thanh Bui, and Quoc Tuan Nguyen. "Application of Global Satellite Positioning and Automatic Monitoring in Slopeland Disaster Prevention." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 147–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_12.
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AbstractThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is satellite-based, with receiving equipment worldwide utilizing geographic positioning satellites in Earth orbit. The system is unaffected by the radio positioning system, so it provides highly accurate three-dimensional positioning, velocity, and time data to users. In this paper, Alishan Township, Chiayi County, central Taiwan, is selected to test an automatic real-time monitoring system comprising of one machine with multiple GPS antennas. To this end, the Alishan Public Works Section installed advanced measuring instruments and a landslide-monitoring system composed of a high-efficiency transmission system. A pre- and post-rainfall data survey was conducted on this slope section. Together with the rainfall records, real-time ground-slip monitoring data was collected, and subsequently analyzed to understand the disaster situation and ground slip characteristics of the Alishan Highway following an earthquake (1998). In the future, more effective management values will be set to reduce the loss of slope disasters to conserve land and public safety. For the first time in Taiwan, this paper presents displacement data indicating that after the typhoon rains, a maximum surface movement velocity of 2.5 cm every six days is attained, while the total displacement per month is as high as 10 cm. These data can be used as for the remediation of this section of the Alishan Highway.
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Balkenhol, Niko. "Evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement in Deutschland: Eine Übersicht und Vorschläge für die Zukunft." In Evidenzbasiertes Wildtiermanagement, 5–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65745-4_2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ZusammenfassungRothirsche, in der Jägersprache als Rotwild bezeichnet, können starke Emotionen hervorrufen und große Konflikte verursachen. Das Management von Rotwild sollte evidenzbasiert sein, sich also an wissenschaftlich gewonnenen Erkenntnissen orientieren. In diesem Kapitel fasse ich zusammen, wie solch ein evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement grundsätzlich gestaltet sein sollte und welche Evidenzen es für verschiedene Aspekte des Rotwildmanagements gibt. Hierbei spielt die Jagd zwar eine wichtige Rolle, ist aber nur eine der möglichen Maßnahmen, mit denen Managementziele erreicht werden können. Ebenso ist die numerische Steuerung von Populationsgrößen bzw. -dichten in der Regel nur ein Zwischenziel im Management.Ein evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement sollte adaptiv aufgebaut sein und somit immer eine Erfolgskontrolle beinhalten, durch die sowohl die Umsetzung als auch die Wirkung von Managementmaßnahmen stetig überprüft und verbessert werden können. Solch eine Erfolgskontrolle basiert auf einem Langzeit-Monitoring, das mindestens die Faktoren Populationsentwicklung, Wildzustand und Wildeinfluss beinhalten sollte.Die Verbreitung von Rotwild sowie der Austausch zwischen einzelnen Vorkommen werden in Deutschland stark von gesetzlichen Vorgaben und der Landschaftszerschneidung durch Siedlungen und Straßen bestimmt. Durch die räumliche Isolation und den damit einhergehenden geringen Genfluss zeigen einige Rotwildvorkommen bereits stark reduzierte genetische Diversität, sehr kleine genetisch-effektive Populationsgrößen und hohe Inzuchtwerte. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte die Vernetzung der Rotwildvorkommen verbessert werden, was einerseits durch die Abschaffung rotwildfreier Gebiete erreicht werden könnte, andererseits durch Wiedervernetzungsmaßnahmen, z. B. durch Wildkorridore und Querungshilfen über Verkehrsinfrastrukturen.Rothirsche passen ihr Raum-Zeit-Verhalten und ihre Habitatwahl an eine „Landschaft der Angst“ an, die vom wahrgenommenen Mortalitätsrisiko, dem Nahrungsangebot und der Habitatstruktur abhängt. Auch Störungen durch menschliche Aktivitäten spielen hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Wissenschaftliche Studien belegen, dass sich Rotwild durch eine Steuerung dieser Faktoren in Raum und Zeit lenken lässt, wodurch Konflikte reduziert werden können. In der Praxis kann hierfür eine Zonierung für das Flächenmanagement sowie eine Kombination aus lokaler Schwerpunkt- und großflächiger Intervallbejagung angewandt werden, über die Rotwild von bestimmten Flächen ferngehalten und auf andere Flächen gelenkt werden kann.Einige der bestehenden Abschussvorgaben für Rotwild erscheinen biologisch nicht plausibel, und es ist nicht sicher nachgewiesen, ob sie die gewünschten Effekte haben. Die Abschussplanung bzw. die dafür nötige Zuwachsberechnung erfolgt meist anhand von unbekannten Parametern zu Reproduktionsraten, Populationsstrukturen und Mortalitäten. Die hierdurch entstehenden Unsicherheiten bei der Vorhersage zukünftiger Bestandesentwicklungen sollten durch zusätzliche, populationsspezifische Forschung gemindert werden. Um Rotwildbestände über die Jagd zu reduzieren, müssen vor allem Alttiere erlegt werden, was aus Gründen des Tierschutzes den vorherigen Abschuss der geführten Kälber erfordert.Basierend auf diesen Evidenzen mache ich grundsätzliche Vorschläge für das Rotwildmanagement, schlage Schritte vor, um weitere Evidenzen zu schaffen, und identifiziere weitergehenden Forschungsbedarf.AbstractRed deer can cause strong emotions and also severe damage. Red deer management should be evidence-based and hence use scientifically derived information. In this chapter, I summarize what an evidence-based red deer management should generally look like and what evidences actually exist for different aspects of red deer management. Hunting plays an important part in this, but is just one possible action to reach management goals. Similarly, the numeric control of population abundances or densities is usually just an intermediate goal in wildlife management.An evidence-based red deer management should be adaptive and hence requires a control of success, so that implementation and effect of management actions can constantly be evaluated and improved. Such a control of success is based on a long-term monitoring that considers at least the three factors population development, animal performance, and herbivore impacts.The distribution of red deer in Germany and the exchange among populations are severely impacted by legal regulations and by landscape fragmentation due to settlements and roads. The spatial isolation and associated low levels of gene flow have already led to low genetic diversity, low genetic-effective population sizes and high inbreeding values in some populations. This calls for an improvement of connectivity among red deer populations, which could be accomplished by giving up areas where red deer are not allowed to exist, and by defragmentation measures, such as wildlife corridors and crossing structures over transportation infrastructures.Red deer adjust their space-time-behavior and habitat selection to the landscape of fear, which is shaped by the perceived mortality risk, food availability and habitat structure. Disturbances by humans also play a major role in this. Scientific research shows that red deer can be steered in space and time through these factors and that such a steering can reduce conflicts. From a practical standpoint, such steering can be accomplished by a zoning concept that combines area management, locally intensive hunting and broad-scale hunting in intervals, so that red deer are kept away from certain areas while being steered into other areas.Some of the existing harvesting guidelines appear biologically implausible and their effectiveness has not sufficiently been demonstrated. Harvest planning is often based on unknown values for reproduction rates, population structures and mortalities. This leads to high uncertainties when predicting the future development of populations, calling for population-specific research to reduce these uncertainties. To reduce red deer abundances, especially adult females need to be harvested. Due to animal welfare laws, this is usually accompanied by an increased harvest of calves.Based on these evidences, I provide general guidelines for red deer management, suggest further steps for generating additional evidences, and identify remaining research needs.
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Sandu, Antonio. "Values-Based Social Work." In Ethical Issues in Social Work Practice, 117–54. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3090-9.ch009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the research is to identify the ethical and axiological perspectives that underlie the process of social construction of the probation practice, and also aim at the ways in which the theoretical perspectives that underlie practice become constituents of the discourse of probation counsellors. The probation practice in Romania derived from social work practice with deviant groups. In the probation practice a large amount of case management instruments are still connected with social work practices. The results lead to the construction of a model of probation that integrates restorative elements with the restitutive ones, but also with elements of utilitarian justice, or centred on humanistic values. The ethical values identified as being constitutive for this model are co-responsibility, dignity and justice.
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Abbasi, Abdus Sattar, and Razaq Raj. "Islamic Ethics and Crisis Management." In Research Anthology on Business Continuity and Navigating Times of Crisis, 62–72. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4503-7.ch004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Islamic ethical system is unique and respects the rights of individuals. The Islamic codes and principals are based on the attitudes, morals, virtues, and obligations of the individual and whole civilisation. In multinational companies (MNC), ethical codes and principals are undermined in terms of human feeling, values, and beliefs. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stated that the aim of his mission is to enhance good morals and values among my ummah and individual people. The chapter examines and evaluates the fundamental belief that the Islamic ethical system is there to serve and develop good morality and avoid indecency and immoral conducts within business dealings.
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Heaton, Dennis P., Fred Travis, and Ravi Subramaniam. "A Consciousness-Based Approach to Management Education for Integrity." In Handbook of Research on Teaching Ethics in Business and Management Education, 65–79. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-510-6.ch004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Management education is seeking creative innovations that can have a real impact on integrity. In this chapter, the authors present our recent research on the relationship between integrity in the brain, as measured by the Brain Integration Scale, and measures of moral reasoning. Further, they summarize research indicating longitudinal growth in coherent brain functioning, intelligence, personality maturity, moral development, and psychological health through the Consciousness-Based approach to management education practiced at Maharishi University of Management. This research supports a potentially innovative approach to management education that does not just address education for integrity on the level of ethical theories or values, but demonstrably transforms the neurophysiology, leading to changes in moral reasoning and heightened effectiveness of performance.
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Hamou, Reda Mohamed. "The Automatic Detection of Diabetes Based on Swarm of Fish." In Handbook of Research on Biomimicry in Information Retrieval and Knowledge Management, 154–74. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3004-6.ch010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diabetes is a major health problem and a disease that can be very dangerous in developing and developed countries, and its incidence is increasing dramatically. In this chapter, the authors propose a system of automatic detection of diabetes based on a bioinspired model called a swarm of fish (fish swarm or AFSA). AFSA (artificial fish swarm algorithm) represents one of the best methods of optimization among swarm intelligence algorithms. This algorithm is inspired by the collective, the movement of fish and their different social behaviors in order to achieve their objectives. There are several parameters to be adjusted in the AFSA model. The visual step is very significant, given that the fish artificial essentially moves according to this parameter. Large parameter values increase the capacity of the global search algorithm, while small values tend to improve local search capability. This algorithm has many advantages, including high speed convergence, flexibility, and high accuracy. In this chapter, the authors evaluate their model of AFSA for the purpose of automatic detection of diabetes.
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Odrakiewicz, Peter. "Innovative Methods of Teaching Integrity and Ethics in Management Education." In Handbook of Research on Teaching Ethics in Business and Management Education, 590–605. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-510-6.ch034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The key role of values and norms in organizational culture are closely related to integrity, moral and ethical concerns and should be taught using innovative case studies, video-conferences, role-playing dilemmas, video-interviews, collaborative blog-based methodology, integrity project participation and intensive social media use in management education.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Values-based research management"
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Bararoh, Tantri, Erna Hendrawati, and Mira Pramudianti. "Portrait of Accounting Based on Pancasila Values." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovation in Research (ICIIR 2018) – Section: Economics and Management Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iciir-18.2019.39.
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Wang, Xue-li, Ling-yan Yu, and Li-jun Zhang. "Working Values of Chinese Business Managers: An Empirical Research Based on Motivational Domains." In 2006 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2006.314218.
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Li, Xiang. "The research of management mode based on the process of enterprise core values." In 2008 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2008.4668954.
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Wei, Aimin. "Research on Efficiency Values in Guangzhou Vocational Colleges Based on DEA Model." In 2015 International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science (ETMHS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/etmhs-15.2015.53.
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Wang, Chong, Xiang-cui Wang, and Yan-qing Wamg. "Research on e-shopper purchase behavior based on linguistic values of attributes of database." In 2009 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2009.5317480.
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Purwadinata, Subhan, Agus Suman, Susilo, and Asfi Manzilati. "Overcoming Conflict of Interest-Based Local Culture Values in Management of Village Fund Institution." In Conference on International Issues in Business and Economics Research (CIIBER 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210121.026.
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Gao, Shun-dong, Hong-jun Xiao, and Ming-ming Liu. "Notice of Retraction: The Research of Management Mode Based on the Process of Enterprise Core Values." In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5304074.
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Lin, Chun-Yi. "Research on the Influence of Users' Recognition for Social Media Platform Values on Co-creation of Value Based on amos22.0." In 2021 2nd International Conference on Education, Knowledge and Information Management (ICEKIM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icekim52309.2021.00184.
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Fan, Qinghua. "The Design and Practice Research of Integrating Socialist Core Values Into Higher Vocational English Teaching Based on the Background of Strengthening Moral Education." In 2020 5th International Conference on Modern Management and Education Technology (MMET 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201023.033.
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MATEI, Mirabela-Constanța, Alexandru-David ABRUDAN, Leonard-Călin ABRUDAN, and Maria-Madela ABRUDAN. "MODELLING TOURISM AND CULTURE EXPENDITURE IN ROMANIA – EVIDENCE OF CHANGE IN CULTURAL VALUES." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/01.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world is constantly changing. And the pace of this change seems to be faster and faster. National culture is no exception. Although long viewed as difficult to change, cultural values also seem to be subject to the pressure of change. The importance of leisure time, considered a characteristic of indulgent cultures, is subject of analysis in this paper. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse whether the evolution of expenditures on tourism and cultural activities has had an upward evolution so as to justify the increase in the share of people who attach great importance to leisure time. To achieve this goal, we analysed the secondary data from WVS and performed a mathematical modelling of two sets of statistical data for the interval 2000 and 2020. The results showed that the growing importance of leisure time suggested by the analysis of WVS data is also supported by the evolution of spending on tourism and cultural activities. the implications are multiple. The question is whether cultural values are stable enough to be used in the cultural characterization of countries based on scores of cultural dimensions. Of course, research on several other cultural values is needed.
Звіти організацій з теми "Values-based research management"
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Thorne, Sarah, David Kovacs, Joseph Gailani, and Burton Suedel. A community engagement framework using mental modeling : the Seven Mile Island Innovation Lab community engagement pilot—Phase I. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44983.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) engages and collaborates with multiple stakeholders—from agency partners, to public, private, and not-for-profit organizations, to community residents—to develop its dredged-sediment long-term management strategy (LTMS) that expands benefi-cial-use (BU) practices. In spring 2019, USACE collaborated with Decision Partners, the USACE–Philadelphia District Operations Division, The Wetlands Institute, and the Engineering With Nature program leadership to adapt, test, and refine the proven behavioral-science-based processes, methods, and tools based on Decision Partners’ Mental Modeling Insight, or MMI, approach for engaging stakeholders, including community members, as part of the Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory (SMIIL) initiative in coastal New Jersey. The team identified key community stakeholders and conducted research to better understand their values, interests, priorities, and preferences regarding wetlands and USACE activities in the Seven Mile Island area and those activities’ effects on wetlands, including protecting the environment, wildlife habitat, aesthetic beauty, maintaining navigability, and supporting coastal resilience. Understanding stakeholder needs, values, interests, priorities, and preferences is key to designing effective engagement strategies for diverse communities for SMIIL and provides a foundation for the community engagement framework currently being developed for application across USACE.
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Toloo, Sam, Ruvini Hettiarachchi, David Lim, and Katie Wilson. Reducing Emergency Department demand through expanded primary healthcare practice: Full report of the research and findings. Queensland University of Technology, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Demand for public hospital emergency departments’ services and care is increasing, placing considerable restraint on their performance and threatens patient safety. Many factors influence such demand including individual characteristics (e.g. perceptions, knowledge, values and norms), healthcare availability, affordability and accessibility, population aging, and internal health system factors (e.g patient flow, discharge process). To alleviate demand, many initiatives have been trialled or suggested, including early identification of at-risk patients, better management of chronic disease to reduce avoidable ED presentation, expanded capacity of front-line clinician to manage sub-acute and non-urgent care, improved hospital flow to reduce access block, and diversion to alternate site for care. However, none have had any major or sustained impact on the growth in ED demand. A major focus of the public discourse on ED demand has been the use and integration of primary healthcare and ED, based on the assumption that between 10%–25% of ED presentations are potentially avoidable if patients’ access to appropriate primary healthcare (PHC) services were enhanced. However, this requires not only improved access but also appropriateness in terms of the patients’ preference and PHC providers’ capacity to address the needs. What is not known at the moment is the extent of the potential for diversion of non-urgent ED patients to PHC and the cost-benefits of such policy and funding changes required, particularly in the Australian context. There is a need to better understand ED patients’ needs and capacity constraint so as to effect delivery of accessible, affordable, efficient and responsive services. Jennie Money Doug Morel
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir, and Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.
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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.