Дисертації з теми "Valorisation des effluents"
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Cabanes, Frédéric Frèche Michèle. "Déphosphatation des effluents précipitation et valorisation du phosphore /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000223.
Cabanes, Frédéric. "Déphosphatation des effluents : précipitation et valorisation du phosphore." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7412/1/cabanes.pdf.
Cabanes, Frédéric. "Déphosphatation des effluents : précipitation et valorisation du phosphore." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04576494.
The subject of this report is efficient phosphorus recovery from effluents by precipitation in basic solution of an insoluble calcium phosphate in either a fluidised bed of hydroxyapatite (HAP) seeds or in a stirred reactor. In the case of a synthetic effluent containing only phosphorus (50mg/L), the final concentration after treatment is reduced to less than 1mg/L when the temperature (35°C) and the pH (7. 5) are suitably selected. Precipitation, crystalline growth and coating phenomena were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the treatment using the fluidised bed process allows the precipitate to be retained entirely within the bed. Magnesium assists the coating in the fluidised bed process but inhibits crystalline growth. However at high pH (above 9) the phosphorus is recovered effectively. In all cases the recovered phosphorus can be directly reused by phosphate manufacturers
Renaud, Nicolas. "Hydroisomérisation de n-paraffines : valorisation des effluents du Procédé Fischer-Tropsch." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20188.
Fischer-Tropsch process allows to obtain high quality lubricant bases and clean fuels from natural gas. In this goal, the n-paraffins produced have to be upgraded through a hydroconversion step aiming the isomerization of chains. In order to better understand the mechanisms involved, different bifunctional catalysts have been studied for the hydroconversion of n-hexadecane on a lab-scale trickle bed reactor. These catalysts are : a benchmark Pt/EMT, two commercial catalysts (Pt-Pd/SiO2-Al2O3), tungstated zirconias, as well as a new class of mordénite-based micro/mesoporous composite catalyst. A specific study highlighted the effects of mechanical treatments on activity and selectivity of tungstated zirconias. Relations between physico-chemical characterizations of the catalysts and their activities and selectivities for the hydroconversion of n-hexadecane were established
Vassallo, Fabrizio. "Circular approach for the valorisation of industrial waste heat and industrial effluents." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/478995.
Escudero, Oñate Carlos. "Valorisation of industrial wastes for the removal of metals and arsenic from aqueous effluents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7802.
The present thesis focuses on the removal of heavy metal cations and arsenic from polluted aqueous effluents by adsorption onto low cost sorbents. These materials are, in all the cases, by-products of agroalimentary or metallurgical industries.The document is formed by different chapters structured in three sections. These sections concern: (i) Hexavalent and trivalent chromium removal, (ii) heavy metal cations removal in presence of complexing agents and from multimetal mixtures and (iii) arsenic removal by sorption onto a by-product of an electroplating industry.The results obtained point out that several industrial wastes can be successfully used as sorbents to remove heavy metals from aqueous polluted effluents. The proposed technology represents a low cost and environmental-friendly alternative to the current treatments, more expensive and many times, dependent of oil derivatives.
Galera, Martinez Marta. "Valorisation des résidus carbonatés industriels pour le traitement de sulfure d'hydrogène dans les effluents gazeux." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0014/document.
The purpose of this study to valorize solid wastes from the Solvay process for the production of sodium carbonate as reagents for the treatment of H2S in air at concentrations typically found in wastewater treatment plants (tens to hundreds of ppmv of H2S). Firstly, the reactivity of two residues was evaluated in a gas-liquid-solid reactor at laboratory scale (250 ml). This reactor operates semi-continuously (continuous passage of gas through a fixed volume of slurry). The influence of operating parameters including the solid content of the suspension, the concentration of H2S, the stirring speed and the volume of suspension was discussed. The kinetics, physicochemical processes as well as mechanism involved have been identified despite the complex reaction medium. Secondly, the H2S treatment was investigated at pilot scale using a bubble column with trays (170 L) which also operates in semi-continuous mode. The results of the parametric study obtained at laboratory scale were checked at pilot scale. Finally, the column was evaluated with a real gaseous effluent from a wastewater plant in Graulhet (Tarn, France) which contains up to 200 ppmv of H2S. In the presence of other gases as methane (0.4% vol.) and carbon dioxide (2.5% vol.), the system has proven to be effective for the selective elimination of H2S. A near total abatement (100%) was maintained for at least two weeks with only one batch of suspension. Stable and non-volatile sulfur compounds (sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates) were formed as products of the process. This study demonstrates the competitiveness of the process in terms of cost-effectiveness for the treatment of H2S in ambient conditions. The results obtained also demonstrate the possibility of scaling-up the method to an industrial scale
Tribot, Amélie. "Valorisation de la "partie lignine" des effluents de prétraitement de biomasse forestière : élaboration et caractérisation d'agrocomposites." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC030.
Lignin is a polymeric constituent of vascular plants’ pectocellulosic walls. It is a by-product, poorly upgraded from pulp and paper, and biorefinery industries. To evaluate their potential in agrocomposites field, commercial lignins (sodium lignosulfonates and Kraft lignin) were processed along with corn cob, an agro-industrial residue used hereby as a natural fibre. Firstly, a compression-moulding process allowed the combination of hydrated sodium lignosulfonates and corn cob particles. The impact of three factors (particle size, fibre content, and compacting pressure) on compressive mechanical properties was measured. Although sodium lignosulfonates cross-linking by commercial laccases was highlighted in solution, addition of such enzymes to agrocomposites formulations did not improve their flexural strength (maximum value of 5.3 MPa). The acoustic insulation properties of agrocomposites (sound transmission loss of 60 dB) and their thermal conductivity of 0.143 W.m - 1.K -1 may suggest applications in the building sector. Secondly, nine formulations of bio-based materials were developed by twin-screw extrusion, and then injection moulding, combining a bio-based thermoplastic polymer matrix (polylactic acid and/or poly(butylene succinate)) with technical lignins (2.5 to 20% (m/m) Kraft lignin or sodium lignosulfonates), and corn cob particles (5 to 19% (m/m)). The addition of Kraft lignin led to increased hardness of the materials up to 50%, and more hydrophobicity compared to polylactic acid. Nevertheless, their mechanical strengths decreased (by a maximum of 40%), and materials exhibited a more brittle fracture profile. In the presence of corn cob, transfer of forces from matrix to fibres was not ideal since de-bonding was detected at the interfaces under irreversible flexural stress. However, these bio-based materials exhibited mechanical, and thermal properties that made them suitable for synthetic plastics substitution while adding value to by-products of agricultural, and forest industries
Lanoir, David. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des résidus de broyage automobile : analyse des effluents gazeux émis lors de leur incinération en vue d'une valorisation énergétique." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0314.
Smagghe, Freddy. "Séparation des acides tartrique et malique par extraction liquide-liquide. Valorisation et dépollution des effluents viti-vinicoles." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT040G.
Belmejdoub, Jihane. "Sur l’intégrité des protéines et la valorisation des effluents pour une production durable par membrane d’ultrafiltration : application à l’industrie laitière." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S220.
The soluble proteins of cow milk have an interest recognized in the food industry because of their nutritional values and their techno-functional properties. Provided to validate that the proteins are not denatured by membrane processes, this can be used at industrial scale for preparation of proteins fractions with targeted functions. The first part of this thesis is focused on a methodology to study the possibility of the denaturation of proteins by highly retentive membranes in comparison with model experiments of mechanical and thermal denaturation (blender, magnetic stirrer and Marie bath). The analysis of intrinsic fluorescence and reversed phase HPLC for which new gradients were proposed for each protein, prove to be two relevant tools for highlighting targeted denaturation. Moreover, the membranes processes generates large volumes of effluents that must be minimized for an eco-friendly and sustainable production. The second part for this thesis proposes a step for a valorization of global effluents after ultrafiltration for the cleaning of spiral wounded PES membranes fouled by skim milk
Tatangelo, Adeline. "Optimisation de la précipitation des métaux lourds en mélange et valorisation des boues d'hydroxydes : application aux effluents de traitement de surfaces." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784807.
Ba, Abou. "Oxycombustion avec préchauffage des réactifs pour la valorisation des gaz à bas pouvoir calorifique." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR006/document.
The effective utilisation of low calorific value fuel, as gaseous by-products of coal/biomass or industrial residual gases, provides not only excellent opportunities for low cost power generation but also for the reduction of environmental impact of combustion. The present work aims to consider the combination of oxyfuel combustion with fuel and/or oxygen preheating in order to increase thermal efficiency by heat recovery and enhance oxyfuel flame stabilization of blast furnace gas (BFG). This experimental study is performed with a burner consisting in an annular jet of BFG surrounded by two injections of oxygen (internal 'O2i' and external 'O2e'). Its dimensions are determined from an original design strategy based on an experimentally critical Damköhler number Dac*, which represents the theoretical limit of stabilisation of a turbulent diffusion BFG-O2 flame with preheated reactants. Flames structures are characterized by OH* chemiluminescence imaging. Thermal and chemical flame properties are evaluated by temperature and radiative flux analysis and pollutant emissions measurements. The 2D aerodynamic fields of reactive flows are determined by velocity measurements by PIV. Four LCV flames structures are resulting from this burner configuration. Without preheating, two concentric flames, internal 'O2i-BFG' and external 'BFG-O2e', are anchored at the burner (Type A) at low thermal power. When increasing the latter, the external flame BFG-O2e manifests some local fluctuations (Type B) or is lifted-off (Type C). With reactants preheating, the BFG-O2e flame is always anchored at the burner tip and the O2i-BFG flame could have local extinction zone for very high values of internal oxygen velocity (Type D). The results highlight a good agreement between theoretical and experimental critical velocity UC* which significantly increases with preheating. The aerodynamics study points out the transitions between the different flames structures. At semi-industrial scale, flames show similar structures to those obtained at laboratory scale. This validates the burner design strategy of preheated oxyfuel combustion adapted to LCV fuels, as well as the scale up criteria used
Laforest, Valérie. "Technologies propres : Méthodes de minimisation des rejets et de choix des procédés de valorisation des effluents. Application aux ateliers de traitement de surface." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526578.
Laforest, Valérie. "Technologies propres : méthodes de minimisation des rejets et de choix des procédés de valorisation des effluents : application aux ateliers de traitements de surface." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0118/these.pdf.
Currently, the essential part of the money invested by the industrialist is for the water treatment. In France, most of the 20 billions francs per year devoted to the water treatment is used for the industrial activity. The global management of effluents favour the integration of clean technologies (optimisation, change and modification of the production process) in order to reduce the pollution problem at its source. Our study aims at the introduction of clean technologies in the metal workshops (consumer and generator of water and chemicals) by the development of two data management methods, which lead to two decision support systems. The aim of the first one is to minimise both the water consumption and the wastewater disposal by optimising the production process (optimum yield and efficiency of the rinsing baths. The second one concerns the choice of valorisation techniques considering the valorisation objectives, the effluents characteristics and the parameters limiting the use of the techniques. Our approach fits into a global management method for the metal finishing industry wastewater. Its aim is to limit the quantity of wastewater generated, to valorise effluents and by this way to develop the clean technologies
Voegel, Célestine. "Impact BIochimique des effluents agricoles et agroindustriels sur les structures/ouvrages en BEtOn dans la filière de valorisation par Méthanisation (ou codigestion anaérobie)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0044/document.
Anaerobic digestion consists in the degradation of organic matter by the successive actions of microorganisms, industrially operated in digesters made of concrete. Microbial metabolites (volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH4+, CO2) produced during this process attack the cementitious matrix of the concrete. To ensure the development of this new industrial field, it appears essential to understand first the alteration phenomena, then to propose durable solutions for digesters’ construction materials. The thesis’ objectives were first to identify and to quantify the aggressive agents for concrete in anaerobic digestion media, then to understand their impacts on the cementitious materials’ alteration mechanisms. Finally, the impacts of those media were compared on different cement pastes made of : ordinary Portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, calcium aluminate cement or alkali activated materials. During laboratory tests, the maximal concentration in aggressive agents measured during the digestion of a synthetic biowaste were 3 000 mg.L-1 of VFA, 800 mg.L-1 of NH4+, and 140 mg.L-1 of dissolved CO2. The colonization of the microorganisms able to produce the aggressive agents has been observed on the cementitious materials’ surfaces exposed to the biowaste during digestion. The external degraded layers of the exposed cementitious materials are partially decalcified, most likely regarding to the action of the VFA and the NH4+. Carbonation has also been detected caused by the dissolved CO2. In situ experiments, in real conditions, achieved in an experimental anaerobic digestion platform, confirmed the alteration phenomena distinguished in the laboratory tests. In terms of durability, calcium aluminate cement present the best performances against the biochemical attacks compared to ordinary cement or blast furnace slag cement in laboratory or in situ anaerobic digestion systems
Muller, Pascal. "Gestion des déchets minéraux industriels : de l'inertage à la valorisation matière : application aux effluents et boues d'hydroxydes à base de fer, zinc et nickel." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Muller.Pascal.SMZ9721.pdf.
The treatment process of liquid waste containing heavy metals by metal hydroxyde precipitation is the most commonly employed. At the present time, the sludge are an ultimate waste wich are stored in landfilling. In a first time, the objective is the inertizing of heavy metal like zinc. The principle of transformation of leaching forms containing heavy metal in metallic sulfides slightly soluble appears like a way to explore. The present work confirms that a sulfurization of mineralogic form of zinc containing in sludge is faisable from polysulfides solutions. The performance of this process is confirmed in the case of real sample stemming from industry. In a second time, we studied the possibility of the selective extraction method by leaching of zinc-bearing phases. Chemical leaching of ZnO and Zn(OH)2 with a solution of inorganic ligand as thiosulphate and organic ligand such as polyethylene-polyamine appeared to be an efficient method. This detoxication method has been validated using these reagents on the real hydroxyde sludge stemming from industry. The result confirms that this treatment led to the extraction of the potential polluting zinc fraction contained in the waste. The last method studied the possibility of selective precipitation of heavy metal contained in liquid waste before classical physicochemical treatment. The reducing power of polysulfides and the formation possibility of metallic sulfides slighthly soluble bring about the selective precipitation of zinc sulfide and nickel in mixte solution of fer-zinc-nickel. The treatment of liquid waste containing heavy metal is possible. The final-products are a sulfur-metallic sulfur heavy metal mixture and an hydroxie ferric cake. The use of this products as new materials in different industries is actually under study
Faizal, Muhammad. "Récupération et séparation des acides oxalique et formique par extraction liquide-liquide : application à la valorisation et à la dépollution des effluents de lavage de matières premières végétales." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT013G.
De, Boom Aurore. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un procédé de valorisation des cendres volantes et des résidus d'épuration des fumées d'incinération d'ordures ménagères." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210246.
Les recherches présentées ici s’inscrivent dans cette tendance nouvelle et visent l’élaboration d’un procédé combinant traitement et valorisation des REFIOM.
Les REFIOM représentent en fait différents types de résidus provenant des installations que rencontrent les fumées issues de l’incinération des déchets. La composition des résidus diffère selon leur origine. Il est dès lors apparu essentiel de considérer chaque type de résidu séparément et de poursuivre l’élaboration d’un traitement sur un seul type de REFIOM. Nous avons choisi de concentrer les recherches sur les Cendres Volantes de Chaudière (CVC), ces résidus se retrouvant dans tout incinérateur.
Le traitement des CVC est basé sur l’extraction de fractions valorisables et la séparation de fractions contaminées, permettant d’obtenir des résidus acceptables en décharge ou, idéalement eux-mêmes valorisables.
Une séparation magnétique permet d’extraire environ 10% en poids des CVC mais ne semble pas exploitable dans le cadre du traitement des CVC car les particules magnétiques contiennent des impuretés (composés non magnétiques) et que le résidu final reste contaminé.
Une étude de la répartition des éléments en fonction de la taille des particules (granulochimie) est effectuée sur les CVC. Il apparaît intéressant de séparer la fraction inférieure à 38 µm obtenue lors d’une séparation granulométrique, effectuée en voie humide en utilisant une solution dense. En effet, cette fraction semble être nettement plus contaminée en Pb (soluble) que le reste des CVC. Une telle séparation constitue dès lors la première étape du traitement des CVC. Elle est suivie par des étapes de lavage des fractions obtenues, visant à extraire les sels solubles (chlorures et métaux). Les lavages sont envisagés à contre-courant afin d’utiliser au mieux l’eau de lavage. Une recirculation interne des solutions est également prévue, de sorte que, théoriquement, le procédé ne génère pas d’effluents liquides. Une étape de précipitation de composés métalliques (PbS dans ce cas-ci) est prévue après le lavage des boues.
Le procédé de traitement des CVC produirait ainsi des boues et des granulats décontaminés, des sels et des précipités métalliques. Seules certaines étapes du procédé ont été investiguées en laboratoire ;des essais supplémentaires sont encore nécessaires pour optimiser chaque étape, comprendre les phénomènes physico-chimiques qui se produisent et assurer des filières de valorisation.
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Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ashes and Air Pollution Control (APC) residues are considered as hazardous waste according to the limits for the acceptance of waste at landfills, because high amounts of chlorides and heavy metals leach from the solids when those are in contact with water. These residues have thus to be treated before they can be accepted in landfill. Several treatments aim to limit the leaching of the residues. Beside these treatments, some research works go further the treatment and consider the valorisation of MSWI fly ashes and APC residues, e.a. in cementitious materials.
The present work follows the new trend and aims to build up a process that combines treatment and valorisation of MSWI fly ashes and APC residues.
MSWI fly ashes and APC residues come from the devices encountered by the flue gases from waste incineration. The residues composition differs according to their origin. It seems thus essential to consider each type of residues separately and to develop the treatment only on one sort of residue. Boiler Fly Ashes (BFA) were chosen because they exist in every modern MSWI plant.
The BFA treatment is based on the extraction of valorisable fractions and on the separation of contaminated fractions, which makes the final residues less hazardous; these final residues would then be acceptable in landfill, or, even better, be valorisable.
A magnetic sorting extracts ~10% (wt.) of BFA; however, such a separation would not be useful in a treatment process because the magnetic particles contain some impurities (non magnetic particles) and the final residue is still hazardous.
The repartition of the elements according to the particles size has been studied on BFA. It seems interesting to separate the BFA at 38 µm by a wet sieving process using a dense solution. The lower fraction presents a higher contamination in Pb (soluble) than the larger. Consequently, the first step of the BFA treatment consists of a wet sieving. Washing steps follow the sieving and aim to extract soluble salts (chlorides, heavy metals). These washings work in a counter-current way to optimise the use of water. The solutions are recycled in the process, which implies the absence of liquid effluents. A precipitation step of some metallic compounds (PbS in this case) is foreseen after the washing of the lower fraction.
The BFA treatment process would produce decontaminated sludge and coarse fractions, salts and metallic compounds. Some steps of the process have been investigated at lab-scale; further studies are necessary to optimise each step, to understand the observed reactions and to guarantee valorisation channels.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Daragon, Guillaume. "Etude des voies de valorisation de la vinasse par combustion en mélange avec des biomasses." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH7972.
Important amounts of organic effluents, also called wastewaters or byproducts, are produced whatever the type of industry which is considered. Nowadays, the wastewaters management and treatment are strictly controlled since the physical properties and the chemical composition of these byproducts disallow the direct reject through natural media. However, the presence of some specific compounds confers to effluents new advantages and opens the door to several applications (such as soil fertilization, cattle feed, methanization, co-composting, etc.). Carbon being the main component of every fuel, the thermal valorization of these organic effluents by combustion in a standard biomass boiler seems to be possible. The study of this recovery method and its feasibility are the subjects of the thesis here. Due to their liquid state, effluents alone cannot be considered as fuels compared to standard biomass (woodchips, straw, etc.). Therefore research works are focused on study and characterization of biomasses as impregnation base, then formulation of fuels impregnated with an industrial organic effluent. Indeed, the adsorptive and absorptive properties of biomasses are well-known in the literature. A parametric study at laboratory scale was carried out in order to quantify the impregnation capacity of different types of biomass regarding the effluent. The main goal was also to highlight the parameters which influence the impregnation in order to modeling the phenomenon. Then impregnation and combustion tests were performed at pilot scale using a biomass boiler of 40 kW to ensure the conformity of impregnated fuels in terms of stack emissions. This part of the work was conducted with the perspective of preparing the process scale-up for a potential industrial utilization
Solastiouk, Pierre. "Application de l'extraction liquide-liquide au traitement et a la revalorisation d'effluents industriels." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13140.
"Valorisation of industrial wastes for the removal of metals and arsenic from aqueous effluents." Universitat de Girona, 2009. http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-0507109-132701/.
Voegel, Celestine. "Impact BIochimique des effluents agricoles et agroindustriels sur les structures/ouvrages en BEtOn dans la filière de valorisation par Méthanisation (ou codigestion anaérobie)." Phd thesis, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/18667/1/VOEGEL.pdf.