Статті в журналах: "Vague objects"

1

Zemach, Eddy M. "Vague Objects." Noûs 25, no. 3 (June 1991): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2215506.

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2

TYE, MICHAEL. "Vague Objects." Mind XCIX, no. 396 (1990): 535–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/xcix.396.535.

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3

Garrett, Brian. "Vague Identity and Vague Objects." Noûs 25, no. 3 (June 1991): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2215507.

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4

Alter, Torin. "Vague Names and Vague Objects." Dialogue 40, no. 3 (2001): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300018850.

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RÉSUMÉMichael Tye soutient que certains noms sont vagues parce qu'ils réfèrent à des objets vagues. Tye, cependant, ne distingue pas entre référer à un objet vague et référer vaguement. Je suggère, à partir de certaines suppositions, que les noms vagues doivent référer vaguement. Et si les noms vagues doivent référer vaguement, alors l'argument de Tye échoue, puisque des noms qui réfèrent à des objets vagues n'ont pas besoin de référer vaguement. Néanmoins, l'indétermination dans la méta-sémantique de la relation d'être porteur d'un nom peut créer des noms qui réfèrent vaguement. Cette conclusion ne dépend pas de la supposition que les noms ont un contenu descriptif, ni de l'idée que les énoncés d'identitè peuvent être indéterminés quant à leur valeur de vérité.

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5

Paganini, Elisa. "Vague fictional objects." Inquiry 63, no. 2 (April 25, 2019): 158–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020174x.2019.1610050.

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6

Liu, Yu, Yihong Yuan, and Song Gao. "Modeling the Vagueness of Areal Geographic Objects: A Categorization System." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8070306.

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Modeling vague objects with indeterminate boundaries has drawn much attention in geographic information science. Because fields and objects are two perspectives in modeling geographic phenomena, this paper investigates the characteristics of vague regions from the perspective of the field/object dichotomy. Based on the assumption that a vague object can be viewed as the conceptualization of a field, we defined five categories of vague objects: direct field-cutting objects, focal operation-based field-cutting objects, element-clustering objects, object-referenced objects, and dynamic boundary objects. We then established a categorization system to formalize the semantic differences between vague objects using the fuzzy set theory. The proposed framework provides valuable input for the conceptualization, interpretation, and modeling of vague geographical objects.

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7

Over, D. E. "Vague objects and identity." Analysis 49, no. 3 (June 1, 1989): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/49.3.97.

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8

Noonan, H. W. "Are there vague objects?" Analysis 64, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/64.2.131.

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9

Pelletier, Francis Jeffry. "Another Argument Against Vague Objects." Journal of Philosophy 86, no. 9 (September 1989): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2026760.

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10

Zaitsev, Dmitry. "Supervenience, Entailment, and Vague Objects." Aitías, Revista de Estudios Filosóficos del Centro de Estudios Humanísticos de la UANL 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29105/aitas2.3-27.

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Not long ago came into common use, the relation of supervenience is rapidly gaining in popularity. At the same time, its logical nature, in particular its possible correlations with such fundamental logical relation as entailment, remains unresolved and needs clarification. In this paper, I compare these two relations and outline a new approach to formal explication of supervenience. In so doing, I employ as main sources two conceptions: of intensional semantics, and impossible object descriptions as its core part, introduced in section 3, and of relevant consequence relation, briefly described in section 4, where I also delineate a new entailment interpretation of supevenience. Thus, quite naturally we arrive at contradictory and incomplete descriptions of objects, and that way, uncertainty comes into play. Equally, it allows to propose a tentative definition of supervenience without referring to the terminology of the possible worlds semantics.

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11

Morreau, Michael. "What Vague Objects Are Like." Journal of Philosophy 99, no. 7 (July 2002): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3655512.

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12

Benovsky, Jiri. "Vague Objects with Sharp Boundaries." Ratio 28, no. 1 (March 3, 2014): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rati.12052.

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13

Burgess, J. A. "Vague objects and indefinite identity." Philosophical Studies 59, no. 3 (July 1990): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00355745.

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14

Gerla, Giangiacomo. "The existence of vague objects." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 276 (October 2015): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2015.04.015.

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15

Abasnezhad, Ali, and C. S. I. Jenkins. "Metaphysical Vagueness Without Vague Objects." Thought: A Journal of Philosophy 7, no. 4 (November 18, 2018): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tht3.398.

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16

Koistinen, Olli, and Arto Repo. "Vague objects and phenomenal wholes." Acta Analytica 17, no. 2 (March 2002): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12136-002-1006-4.

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17

Merlo, Giovanni. "Multiple reference and vague objects." Synthese 194, no. 7 (April 5, 2016): 2645–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-016-1075-3.

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18

Xu, Jun, and Xin Pan. "A Fuzzy Spatial Region Extraction Model for Object’s Vague Location Description from Observer Perspective." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120703.

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Descriptions of the spatial locations of disappeared objects are often recorded in eyewitness records, travel notes, and historical documents. However, in geographic information system (GIS), the observer-centered and vague nature of the descriptions causes difficulties in representing the spatial characters of these objects. To address this problem, this paper proposes a Fuzzy Spatial Region Extraction Model for Object’s Vague Location Description from Observer Perspective (FSREM-OP). In this model, the spatial relationship between the observer and the object are represented in spatial knowledge. It is composed of “phrase” and “region”. Based on the spatial knowledge, three components of spatial inference are constructed: Spatial Entities (SEs), Fuzzy Spatial Regions (FSRs), and Spatial Actions (SAs). Through spatial knowledge and the components of FSREM-OP, an object’s location can be inferred from an observer’s describing text, transforming the vagueness and subjectivity of location description into fuzzy spatial regions in the GIS. The FSREM-OP was tested by constructing a group of observers, object position relationships and vague descriptions. The results show that it is capable of extracting the spatial information and presenting location descriptions in the GIS, despite the vagueness and subjective spatial relation expressions in the descriptions.

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19

Cogburn, Jon. "Vague objects and vague identity: new essays on ontic vagueness." Analysis 77, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/anx029.

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20

van Inwagen, Peter. "How to Reason About Vague Objects." Philosophical Topics 16, no. 1 (1988): 255–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics19881619.

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21

Paganini, Elisa. "Vague Objects Without Ontically Indeterminate Identity." Erkenntnis 74, no. 3 (November 11, 2010): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-010-9257-8.

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22

Cowles, David W., and Michael J. White. "Vague objects for those who want them." Philosophical Studies 63, no. 2 (August 1991): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00381688.

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23

Einheuser, Iris. "Nonexistence, Vague Existence, Merely Possible Existence." Disputatio 4, no. 33 (November 1, 2012): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2012-0009.

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Abstract This paper explores a new non-deflationary approach to the puzzle of nonexistence and its cousins. On this approach, we can, under a plausible assumption, express true de re propositions about certain objects that don’t exist, exist indeterminately or exist merely possibly. The defense involves two steps: First, to argue that if we can actually designate what individuates a nonexistent target object with respect to possible worlds in which that object does exist, then we can express a de re proposition about “it”. Second, to adapt the concept of outer truth with respect to a possible world – a concept familiar from actualist modal semantics – for use in representing the actual world.

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24

Copeland, B. Jack. "On Vague Objects, Fuzzy Logic and Fractal Boundaries." Southern Journal of Philosophy 33, S1 (March 1995): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1995.tb00764.x.

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25

Sattig, Thomas. "Vague Objects and the Problem of the Many." Metaphysica 14, no. 2 (May 8, 2013): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12133-013-0122-5.

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26

Coventry, Kenny R., Angelo Cangelosi, Stephen E. Newstead, and Davi Bugmann. "Talking about quantities in space: Vague quantifiers, context and similarity." Language and Cognition 2, no. 2 (June 2010): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/langcog.2010.009.

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AbstractIn this paper we examine how vague quantifiers, such asfew, several, lots of, map onto non-linguistic number systems. In particular our focus is to examine how judgements about vague quantifiers are affected by the presence of objects in visual scenes other than those being referred to. An experiment is presented that manipulated the number of objects in a visual scene (men playing golf; the ‘focus’ objects) together with the number of other objects in those scenes and their similarity—in terms of form (women or crocodiles) and function (playing golf, not playing golf)—to the focus objects. We show that the number of other objects in a scene impacts upon quantifiers judgements even when those objects are in a different category to the focus objects. We discuss the results in terms of the mapping between the large approximate number (estimation) system and language.

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27

路, 应金. "Study on the Evaluation Method of Engineering Doctoral Enrollment Objects Based on Vague Value." Advances in Education 07, no. 01 (2017): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ae.2017.71005.

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28

Bejaoui, L., F. Pinet, Y. Bedard, and M. Schneider. "Qualified topological relations between spatial objects with possible vague shape." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 23, no. 7 (July 2009): 877–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810802022814.

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29

Gasmi, Mohamed, and Mustapha Bourahla. "Reasoning with Vague Concepts in Description Logics." International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications 6, no. 2 (April 2017): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfsa.2017040103.

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The open world assumption in ontologies representing knowledge may assign deficient (imprecise) meaning for ontology concepts which are language adjectives referring the meaning of classes of objects (individuals). The interpretation of an imprecise (vague) concept is by three subsets of individuals. The first subset of individuals surely belongs to the vague concept, the second subset of individuals surely doesn't belong the vague concept and the third subset is in the borderline. In this paper, the authors will show that is possible to describe ontology vague concepts using well-defined formal languages. The authors will propose also an extension of the Tableau algorithm for reasoning over vague ontologies.

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30

Heck,, Richard G. "That There Might Be Vague Objects (So Far as Concerns Logic)." Monist 81, no. 2 (1998): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/monist199881212.

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31

Hershenov, David B. "The Thesis of Vague Objects and Unger's Problem of the Many." Philosophical Papers 30, no. 1 (March 2001): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05568640109485077.

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32

Dilo, Arta, Rolf A. de By, and Alfred Stein. "A system of types and operators for handling vague spatial objects." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 21, no. 4 (April 2007): 397–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810601037096.

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33

Malin, Brenton J. "Contextual Materialism: Mereology, Sociality and the Vague Ontology of Media Objects." Communication Theory 29, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty034.

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34

Fedyaeva, Elena, and Marina Ivleva. "Role of Object Imagery in Comprehending Real World Phenomena Attributes." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001074.

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The paper analyzes the functioning of nouns as paragons of certain attributes characterizing various properties of the real world objects. Humans perceive the objects they see in space as possessing definite inherent attributes (shape or dimension). Perception results in the system of parametric adjectives. However, adjectives denote rather abstract meanings thus possessing a more sophisticated structure of categorial meaning in comparison with nouns. The dimensional nomination by adjectives is “vague”, while nouns can actualize several attributes and create a holistic image. The factual material analysis reveals that: 1) the use of nouns as an “evaluation tool” of the objects’ physical properties is due to the specific human feature to perceive the world primarily in essential, substantial or “objectified” images; 2) object images specify and simplify processing of the incoming data by cognitive structures; 3) object imagery is one of the tools to conceptualize spatial properties of the objects; 4) linguistic representation of object imagery is culture specific and depends on a grammatical structure of a given language conditioned by its historical development; 5) the English language is characterized by frequent direct nominal representation of an idea in contrast with the same idea being expressed by a simile in Russian.

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35

Ntankouo Njila, Roger Cesarié, Mir Abolfazl Mostafavi, and Jean Brodeur. "A Decentralized Semantic Reasoning Approach for the Detection and Representation of Continuous Spatial Dynamic Phenomena in Wireless Sensor Networks." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030182.

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In this paper, we propose a decentralized semantic reasoning approach for modeling vague spatial objects from sensor network data describing vague shape phenomena, such as forest fire, air pollution, traffic noise, etc. This is a challenging problem as it necessitates appropriate aggregation of sensor data and their update with respect to the evolution of the state of the phenomena to be represented. Sensor data are generally poorly provided in terms of semantic information. Hence, the proposed approach starts with building a knowledge base integrating sensor and domain ontologies and then uses fuzzy rules to extract three-valued spatial qualitative information expressing the relative position of each sensor with respect to the monitored phenomenon’s extent. The observed phenomena are modeled using a fuzzy-crisp type spatial object made of a kernel and a conjecture part, which is a more realistic spatial representation for such vague shape environmental phenomena. The second step of our approach uses decentralized computing techniques to infer boundary detection and vertices for the kernel and conjecture parts of spatial objects using fuzzy IF-THEN rules. Finally, we present a case study for urban noise pollution monitoring by a sensor network, which is implemented in Netlogo to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.

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36

Kazakov, A. A., O. M. Kazakova, and D. A. Marakulin. "Archaeological Artefacts as Objects of Property Relations." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 3(125) (July 12, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2022)3-09.

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The article analyzes illegal activities aimed at predatory excavations of archaeological monuments, known as "black digging", and also raises the problem of civil turnover of archaeological objects as a factor stimulating such criminal activity. The authors raise the problem of a vague understanding of the legal status of such concepts as "historical and cultural monument", "antiques" and "archaeological object" both among members of the public and in the legal community. Since the civil turnover of historical and cultural monuments is allowed with some restrictions, lawyers consider the purchase and sale of archaeological artefacts to be quite legal. However, the law imposes restrictions on the civil turnover of archaeological heritage objects, still there has not yet been a single precedent of bringing to justice dealers in archaeological objects. To combat the illegal storage and trafficking of archaeological objects, lawyers need to analyze the legal basis and eliminate the existing legal conflict, which allows persons engaged in illegal activities to avoid responsibility for such offences.

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37

Paganini, Elisa. "Vague Objects within Classical Logic and Standard Mereology, and without Indeterminate Identity." Journal of Philosophical Logic 46, no. 4 (July 16, 2016): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10992-016-9407-9.

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38

Huang, Shih-Chia, Quoc-Viet Hoang, and Da-Wei Jaw. "Self-Adaptive Feature Transformation Networks for Object Detection in low luminance Images." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3480973.

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Despite the recent improvement of object detection techniques, many of them fail to detect objects in low-luminance images. The blurry and dimmed nature of low-luminance images results in the extraction of vague features and failure to detect objects. In addition, many existing object detection methods are based on models trained on both sufficient- and low-luminance images, which also negatively affect the feature extraction process and detection results. In this article, we propose a framework called Self-adaptive Feature Transformation Network (SFT-Net) to effectively detect objects in low-luminance conditions. The proposed SFT-Net consists of the following three modules: (1) feature transformation module, (2) self-adaptive module, and (3) object detection module. The purpose of the feature transformation module is to enhance the extracted feature through unsupervisely learning a feature domain projection procedure. The self-adaptive module is utilized as a probabilistic module producing appropriate features either from the transformed or the original features to further boost the performance and generalization ability of the proposed framework. Finally, the object detection module is designed to accurately detect objects in both low- and sufficient- luminance images by using the appropriate features produced by the self-adaptive module. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SFT-Net framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art object detection techniques, achieving an average precision (AP) of up to 6.35 and 11.89 higher on the sufficient- and low- luminance domain, respectively.

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39

Cheng, Winnie, and Martin Warren. "The use of vague language in intercultural conversations in Hong Kong." English World-Wide 22, no. 1 (June 27, 2001): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.22.1.05che.

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This paper presents the findings of a study of vague language use based on a corpus of naturally-occurring conversations between native and non-native speakers of English in Hong Kong. The specific concern of the paper is to describe the use of vague language by the two sets of speakers. The forms of vague language present in our data are defined and exemplified. Both the native English and the non-native speakers use vague language extensively in our data for a similar range of purposes, for example to achieve informal communication, classify objects, fill a lexical or knowledge gap, and accommodate one another. We also investigated whether communication problems are experienced in these intercultural conversations by speakers using vague language differently. We conclude that in our data at least there is no evidence to suggest that such communication problems arise from differences in vague language use. On the contrary, the use of vague language by both native and non-native speakers facilitates rather than hinders successful communication in intercultural conversations.

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40

Syropoulos, Apostolos. "A (Basis for a) Philosophy of a Theory of Fuzzy Computation." Kairos. Journal of Philosophy & Science 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kjps-2018-0009.

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Abstract Vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon as well as a property of physical objects. Fuzzy set theory is a mathematical model of vagueness that has been used to define vague models of computation. The prominent model of vague computation is the fuzzy Turing machine. This conceptual computing device gives an idea of what computing under vagueness means, nevertheless, it is not the most natural model. Based on the properties of this and other models of vague computing, an attempt is made to formulate a basis for a philosophy of a theory of fuzzy computation.

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41

Golubkina, Ksenia V. "Legislative Regulation for Hoisting Ownerless Objects Sunk within Seaports." SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400116.

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Creating a legislative algorithm needed to regulate hoisting of sunken ownerless property is an illustration of existing gaps in national legislation. Legal relations regulated for objects sunk within seaports is touched upon in the Federal Law On Seaports and in the Merchant Shipping Code, but vague wording, lack of an exact algorithm in federal legislation and by-laws creates conditions allowing seaport authorities to stand still and ‘shift’ responsibility on someone else for resolving an issue of ownerless property. The author proposes a clear regulatory algorithm for recognizing objects sunk within seaports as ownerless, holding responsible for hoisting the said objects and mitigating environmental hazards on economic entities operating in seaports.

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42

Xu, Jun, Xin Pan, Jian Zhao, and Haohai Fu. "Virtual Reality-Based Fuzzy Spatial Relation Knowledge Extraction Method for Observer-Centered Vague Location Descriptions." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10120833.

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Many documents contain vague location descriptions of observed objects. To represent location information in geographic information systems (GISs), these vague location descriptions need to be transformed into representable fuzzy spatial regions, and knowledge about the location descriptions of observer-to-object spatial relations must serve as the basis for this transformation process. However, a location description from the observer perspective is not a specific fuzzy function, but comes from a subjective viewpoint, which will be different for different individuals, making the corresponding knowledge difficult to represent or obtain. To extract spatial knowledge from such subjective descriptions, this research proposes a virtual reality (VR)-based fuzzy spatial relation knowledge extraction method for observer-centered vague location descriptions (VR-FSRKE). In VR-FSRKE, a VR scene is constructed, and users can interactively determine the fuzzy region corresponding to a location description under the simulated VR observer perspective. Then, a spatial region clustering mechanism is established to summarize the fuzzy regions identified by various individuals into fuzzy spatial relation knowledge. Experiments show that, on the basis of interactive scenes provided through VR, VR-FSRKE can efficiently extract spatial relation knowledge from many individuals and is not restricted by requirements of a certain place or time; furthermore, the knowledge obtained by VR-FSRKE is close to the knowledge obtained from a real scene.

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43

Fan, Ping, Guohui Li, Ling Yuan, and Yanhong Li. "Vague continuous K-nearest neighbor queries over moving objects with uncertain velocity in road networks." Information Systems 37, no. 1 (March 2012): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2011.08.002.

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44

Szwedek, Aleksander. "The nature of domains and the relationships between them in metaphorization." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2014): 342–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.12.2.04szw.

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In 2011 I proposed a new approach to metaphor analysis and typology, based on the strict distinction between the material and phenomenological worlds. I concluded that the ultimate source domain (experiential basis) is the world of physical objects. The present paper develops these ideas, presenting a more detailed analysis of each of the metaphor types. Thus, I claim that the concrete-to-concrete metaphors are based on metonymy and abstract-to-concrete on the OBJECT schema. Abstract-to-abstract metaphorization falls into two traditional types: structural and orientational metaphors. As to the former, I show that the vague expressions “more concrete domain” or “more abstract domain” can be made clearer by considering the ontological status of the component elements of the domain: the “more concrete” domain has more elements of physical ontology. Orientational metaphors have been found to be only superficially orientational, their true objective being valuation. I conclude that all these metaphor types eventually refer to the world of physical objects for their experiential basis.

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45

Goldstein, Laurence. "Stephen Clark, the Laws of Logic and the Sorites." Philosophy 84, no. 1 (January 2009): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819109000072.

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AbstractA standard method for refuting a set of claims is to show that it implies a contradiction. Stephen Clark questions this method on the grounds that the Law of Non-Contradiction, together with the other fundamental laws of logic do not accord with everyday reality. He accounts for vagueness by suggesting that, for any vague predicate ‘F’, an ordinary object is typically to some extent both F and not-F, and that objects do not change abruptly from being F to being not-F. I challenge Clark's ‘deconstruction’ of logic, and show that, in characterizing vagueness and dealing with the associated Sorites paradox, we can accommodate his observation that change from being F to being not-F is ineradically continuous without tampering with any fundamental logical laws.

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46

Kuznichenko, Svitlana, and Iryna Buchynska. "A fuzzy approach for determining the cognitive spatial location of an object in geographical information system." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 9 (114) (December 29, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.246556.

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Анотація:

The work is devoted to the problem of interpretation of fuzzy semantics of cognitive descriptions of spatial relations in natural language and their visualization in a geographic information system (GIS). The solution to the problem of determining the fuzzy spatial location of an object based on vague descriptions of the observer in natural language is considered. The task is relevant in critical situations when there is no way to report the exact coordinates of the observed object, except by describing its location relative to the observer itself. Such a situation may be the result of a crime, terrorist act or natural disaster. An observer who finds itself at the scene transmits a text message, which is a description of the location of the object or place (for example, the crime scene, the location of dangerous objects, the crash site). The semantics of the spatial location of the object can be further extracted from the text message. The proposed fuzzy approach is based on the formalization of the observer's phrases, with which it can describe spatial relations, in the form of a set of linguistic variables that determine the direction and distance to the object. Examples of membership functions for linguistic variables are given. The spatial knowledge base is built on the basis of the phrases of observers and their corresponding fuzzy regions. Algorithms for constructing cognitive regions in GIS have been developed. Methods of their superposition to obtain the final fuzzy location of the object are proposed. An example of the implementation of a fuzzy model for identifying cognitive regions based on vague descriptions of several observers, performed using developed Python scripts integrated into ArcGIS 10.5, is considered.

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47

Zhang, Tian Chi, Jian Pei Zhang, Jing Zhang, and Melvyn L. Smith. "Two-Step Modified Nash Equilibrium Method for Medical Image Segmentation Based on an Improved C-V Model." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 8, no. 9 (December 1, 2018): 1826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2018.2521.

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One of the most established region-based segmentation methods is the region based C-V model. This method formulates the image segmentation problem as a level set or improved level set clustering problem. However, the existing level set C-V model fails to perform well in the presence of noisy and incomplete data or when there is similarity between the objects and background, especially for clustering or segmentation tasks in medical images where objects appear vague and poorly contrasted in greyscale. In this paper, we modify the level set C-V model using a two-step modified Nash equilibrium approach. Firstly, a standard deviation using an entropy payoff approach is employed and secondly a two-step similarity clustering based approach is applied to the modified Nash equilibrium. One represents a maximum similarity within the clustered regions and the other the minimum similarity between the clusters. Finally, an improved C-V model based on a two-step modified Nash equilibrium is proposed to smooth the object contour during the image segmentation. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has good performance for segmenting noisy and poorly contrasting regions within medical images.

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48

Hodashinsky, I. A. "Fuzzy classifiers in cardiovascular disease diagnostics: Review." Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 35, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2020-35-4-22-31.

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The complexity of biological objects makes the development of computerized medical systems a difficult algorithmic decision due to the natural uncertainty inherent in these objects. Human thinking is based on vague and approximate data that can be analyzed to form clear decisions. An exact mathematical model of biological objects may not exist in practice, or such a model may be too complex to implement. In this case, fuzzy logic is a suitable tool for solving the specified problem. The problem of medical diagnosis can be viewed as a classification problem. The article presents a literature review of the use of fuzzy classifiers in diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases. The main advantage of fuzzy classifiers in comparison with other artificial intelligence methods is the ability to interpret the resulting classification result. The review aims to expand the knowledge of various researchers working in the field of medical diagnostics.

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49

Dvořák, Petr. "On the Alleged Inconsistency in Van Inwagen’s Rebuttal of Evans’ Argument." Studia Neoaristotelica 18, no. 1 (2021): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar20211811.

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The paper attempts to interpret P. van Inwagen’s refutation of Evans’ argument that there cannot be vague objects and defend it against the charge of inconsistency raised by Radim Bělohrad. However, such an interpretation is not without a cost. Therefore another interpretation of van Inwagen’s example of the Cabinet is offered which evades Evans’ charge of inconsistency against indeterminate identity as it does not need the notion at all.

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50

Dai, Zhiqiang, and Xin Guo. "Investigation of E-Commerce Security and Data Platform Based on the Era of Big Data of the Internet of Things." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 8, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3023298.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) can combine a wide range of information space with physical space and use related technologies to provide effective information interaction between objects. Nowadays, a large amount of Internet data transmitted by E-commerce communication data is vulnerable to interference, intrusion, and other attacks, posing a major threat and challenge to data security. Based on the IoT data analysis platform Hadoop, starting from the data, the problems faced by the E-commerce information security are analyzed and the E-commerce security is improved. Through the comparison of Delphi method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, weighted linear evaluation method, grey cluster analysis method, analytic hierarchy process, and using the complex fuzzy evaluation method of the vague set theory, the security weights of the first and second levels are calculated according to the vague entropy value of each index attribute. It provides a useful reference for E-commerce informatization security evaluation methods. The first-level and second-level comprehensive evaluations of the vague set are used to detect and analyze E-commerce network security, transaction security, data security, and physical security. The weight of each indicator occupies a total of 100% and the final risk status is close to 0. Therefore, it can be concluded that the risk status of the E-commerce information security is “safe”.

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