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Статті в журналах з теми "V-BENDING"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 16 січня 2024

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1

Doungmarda, Kongkiet, and Sutasn Thipprakmas. "A New Bending Force Formula for the V-Die Bending Process." Metals 13, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030587.

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Анотація:

The V-die bending force is an important parameter in respect of press machine capacity selection, but it has not been the focus of previous research. Furthermore, while the various modified formulas proposed in previous research were calculated using V-die bending theory, they are insufficient for predicting the actual V-die bending force. Based on the actual V-die bending mechanism, a new V-die bending force formula is proposed in this study, in which bending is generated not only in the bending allowance zone but also on the legs next to the bending allowance zone. Therefore, the bending force in these zones must be carefully considered. The finite element method (FEM) was used as an effective technique to clearly determine the actual V-die bending mechanism and to modify and develop a new V-die bending force formula. Laboratory experiments were carried out to validate the FEM simulation results as well as to confirm the accuracy of the proposed new V-die bending force formula. Two types of workpiece material, aluminum AA1100-O (JIS) and medium carbon-steel sheet-grade SPCC (JIS), were used as test materials. The results clearly show that the new V-die bending force formula offers more accuracy in V-die bending force prediction than predictions based on past formulas. The error in the V-die bending forces predicted using the new formula was approximately 5% compared with those of the experimental works.

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2

Rian Kurniadi, Muhammad, Jatira Jatira, Khoirudin, Rizki Aulia Nanda, Rama Kurniawan, Otong Jaelani, and Dibyo Setiawan. "Preliminary Study of the Spring-back/Spring-go Phenomenon in the V-Bending Process Using SGCC Steel Thin Material." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/jtmmx.v3i2.3370.

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This research analyses v-bending results using galvanized SGCC (JIS G 3302) sheet steel. The accuracy of the angle and dimensions of the bending results are the significant elements of the bending process that must be achieved. The bending spring-back/spring-go phenomenon has an impact on bending angle accuracy. If proper parameters are chosen, the spring-tub/spring-go angle should be minimized. This study aimed to see how the proposed v-bending process affected the spring-tub/spring-go angle value. An experimental approach was selected in this study. V-die bending opening, V-die punch angle, V-die punch speed, and bending force are all input parameters for the v-bending process. Meanwhile, in this study, galvanized steel with a thickness of 1.2 mm was used. The results of the ANOVA evaluation showed that the v-die punch speed and bending force are two parameters that affect the response of the variable, with a percentage contribution of 31.0% each. The minimum spring-back angle was found in the second sample, while the minimum spring-go angle was found in the fourth sample

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3

OGAWA, Hideo, Kento SHIGEISHI, and Junichi KOYAMA. "Sheet Metal V-bending Without Springback." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 47, no. 541 (2006): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.47.144.

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4

Kiswanto, Gandjar, Aida Mahmudah, and Dedi Priadi. "Preliminary Investigation of Micro-V-Bending." MATEC Web of Conferences 108 (2017): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710806001.

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5

Zhao, Jun, Chun Jian Su, and Ying Ping Guan. "Intelligent Control Experiment Study for V-Shape Free Bending of Wide Sheet Metal." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.186.

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Анотація:

The main problem in bending process of sheet metal is that it is difficult to control bending springback accurately. Springback produced from the unloading of bending makes the shape and size incongruent between bending workpiece and working portion of die. Because the final shape of bending workpiece is related with the whole deformation process, the geometric parameter of die, material performance parameter will have great effect on springback. Therefore, the springback problem is very complicated and the prediction and control of springback is the key to improve the accuracy of bending workpiece. Taking the V free bending of wide sheet as an object of study, the neural networks technology and data acquisition system based on LabVIEW are used to establish intelligent control experiment system for V free bending of wide sheet metal. The control accuracy of system is high and it provides the basis for the realization of intelligent control for V-shape free bending of wide sheet metal in practice in future.

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6

SUYUTI, MUHAMMAD ARSYAD. "RANCANG BANGUN PRESS TOOL UNTUK ALAT BENDING PELAT TIPE DIE-V AIR BENDING." Machine : Jurnal Teknik Mesin 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jm.v6i1.1396.

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Анотація:

Pekerjaan pembentukan logam (metal forming) pada industri permesinan maupun pabrikasi las saat ini sangat banyak permintaan khususnya pada pekerjaan yang memerlukan proses bending. Proses bending merupakan pembentukan logam yang umumnya menggunakan lembaran pelat atau batang, baik dari bahan logam ferro maupun logam non ferro dengan cara ditekuk, yang mana dalam proses pembengkokan akan menyebabkan terjadinya pemuluran atau peregangan pada sumbu bidang netral sepanjang daerah bendingan dan menghasilkan garis bending yang lurus. Penggunaan teknologi tepat guna telah banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, efisiensi, dan efektivitas dalam proses produksi pada industri permesinan maupun pabrikasi las berskala kecil dan menengah. Salah satu teknologi tepat guna yang memungkinkan diterapkan dalam proses produksi khususnya pekerjaan bending pelat yaitu mesin atau alat press bearing dengan cara menambahkan dengan press tool yang dilengkapi punch dan die penekuk. Press tool adalah salah satu jenis alat bantu pembentukan, pemotongan dan penekukan produk dari bahan dasar lembaran pelat yang operasinya menggunakan mesin press. Dari penelitian telah diciptakan press tool yang dilengkapi punch penekuk dan die berbentuk V air bending. Adapun spesifikasi press tool ini yaitu: sudut punch sama dengan 85o, radius punch sama dengan 1.5 mm, panjang punch sama dengan 300 mm, sudut die sama dengan 85o, lebar bukaan die sama dengan 33 mm, jarak langkah sama dengan 19 mm.

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7

Martynov, V. K. "Bending torsion in the V-belt drives." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, no. 1-1 (January 10, 2015): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67226.

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The paper deals with the possible appearance of bending torsion of belt in of belt transmissions, especially for wide variable with corrugations. For similar V-belts loading in transmission - as flexible rods of open profile - imposes its own specificity in considering of new torque to the defined in the existing theory based on the hypothesis of plane sections. Results increase opportunities for description of the processes in transmission, giving them proper assessment.

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8

Sergejus, Borodinas, Piotr Vasiljev, and Jonas Stankevichius. "V-mode Piezomotor Using Flexural Bending Mode." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 57, no. 4(1) (October 15, 2010): 955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.57.955.

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9

Koumura, Yuki, and Zhigang Wang. "Formulation of Forming Load in V-Bending." MATEC Web of Conferences 45 (2016): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164501004.

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10

Sun, Zhen Zhong, Wei Feng He, Hai Bin Chen, Sheng Gui Chen, and Rong Yong Li. "Study on V-Bending of Aluminium Foam Sandwich Panels." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.281.

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The forming of the completed aluminium foam sandwich (AFS) panels would determine an improvement in the manufacturing of parts and panels. In this paper the authors have investigated the formability of AFS through experiments. the load versus punch stroke curve and deformation procedures of Aluminium foam sandwiche panels was investigated by performing V-bending experiments. A serious problem encountered in the V-bending was bending-induced large transverse shear deformation of the skin-core layer. It causes the delamination of the AFS. It was found from experimental observations that the large shear defomation progresses rapidly only at the final stage of V-bending. Consequently, the air-bending operation for Aluminium foam sandwiche panels is recommended for suppressing the shear deformation of skin-core layer to within an acceptable limit.

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11

Dullah, Muhammad Jufri, Muhammad Arsyad Suyuti, Sudarman Sudarman, Mariam Mariam, and Muh Azwar Arham. "Desain dan Analisis Alat Bending V Sistem Hidro Pneumatik." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 17, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v17i2.2079.

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The design of the pneumatic hydro system V bending tool serves as an alternative tool for bending plates replacing the manual bending method which is widely used in the industrial community, especially machining workshop workshops today. In this design the hydraulic jack bender is driven by a pneumatic cylinder so that the workload of the operator is lighter. As for the results of this design and analysis, a V bending tool with 750 mm frame height, 650 mm frame width, 150 mm hydraulic stroke length, and 5 mm diameter spring pull wire are obtained. In addition, the punch angle is 85o and the punch radius is 1.5 mm while the die angle is 85o, the width of the V die is 33 mm and the bending line capacity is 300 mm. The punch and die material chosen is steel AISI 1045.

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12

Saito, Naoko, Mitsugi Fukahori, Daisuke Hisano, Yuya Ichikawa, Hiroshi Hamasaki, and Fusahito Yoshida. "Elasto-Plastic Property of High Strength Steel at Warm Temperature and its Springback." Key Engineering Materials 535-536 (January 2013): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.535-536.385.

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Анотація:

Stress-strain responses of a high strength steel sheet of 980MPa grade under uniaxial tension and its springback in V- and U-bending were investigated at elevated temperatures ranging from 573-973K. The flow stress decreased drastically with the increase of temperature, from which it was expected that springback is reduced by warm forming. In V-bending test, however, the temperature effect on springback was not so clear, while in U-bending springback decreased with temperature rise. It was found that such difference in temperature dependent springback behavior between V- and U-bending was caused by stress relaxation which took place during unloading process.

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13

Thipprakmas, Sutasn, and Arkarapon Sontamino. "Spring-Back Characteristics on Bent Holed Parts in V-Die Bending Process." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6488261.

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Анотація:

In recent years, the bending of holed blank to fabricate the bent holed parts has been increasingly applied in almost all industrial fields and they also need much more complexity in shaped part and precision in dimensions. However, most of past research studies were carried out on bent nonholed parts. This causes an insufficient database and information for die design to fabricate bent holed parts. In the present research, to achieve a good design of V-bending die for fabrication of these bent holed parts, the bending mechanism and spring-back characteristic were clearly clarified based on experimental works. By making hole, it usually caused the decreases in generated bending characteristic on bending allowance zone as the hole located at center as well as the decreases in the generated reversed bending characteristics on next to bending allowance zone as the hole located next to bending allowance zone. The hole also caused the increases in additional elastic zone on hole especially for hole located at center due to the hole distortion during bending process. The effects of hole diameter were also investigated. The results elucidated that the larger hole diameter applied, the larger amount of spring-back obtained. Therefore, to achieve a good design of V-bending die for fabrication of V-bent parts of holed blank, the hole position and diameter should be carefully considered.

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14

Weiss, Matthias, Jascha Marnette, Preston Wolfram, Jon Larrañaga, and Peter D. Hodgson. "Comparison of Bending of Automotive Steels in Roll Forming and in a V-Die." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.797.

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Bending in a V-die has been used to indicate the outcome of bending in cold roll forming, although little direct correlation has been performed. In this work direct comparison of the springback in both processes was performed using six samples of automotive steels in a conventional roll forming line where the transverse springback is measured. A bend of similar radius was formed in a V-die and the springback determined. In general, the springback in V-die forming was greater than in roll forming, in some cases by a factor of 2. The theoretical springback angle was determined for all steels using a simple and approximate analytical equation and compared to the experimental roll forming and bending results. While for the roll forming process good agreement was achieved the theoretical values significantly underestimated springback in the V-bending process.

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15

Bessa Pacheco, J., and Abel D. Santos. "A Study on the Nose Radius Influence in Press Brake Bending Operations by Finite Element Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1432.

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Анотація:

The sheet metal bending is one of the metal forming processes with the simplest geometric interpretation and usually a 2D analysis is considered. The bend over a sheet metal blank consists of a V shape forming by using a punch, with a certain nose radius, forcing the plate against an open die, with a V section. The forming result is a part with an angle obtained between the V legs, flanges, which is known as bending angle. The operation to get the required V angle is called air bending, or free bending. The most common used machines for this forming process are press brakes, special long presses, where the tools, punch and die, are attached to. With the spread use of CNC machines, and their computer control capabilities, most of them using graphical user interface (GUI), became important to get the required shape at first trial. Beyond the required bending angle obtained with just one hit, it is also important to position the gauge system in order to get the successive flange lengths to complete the programmed shape. The main variables controlled by the CNC are the punch penetration inside the die and the position of the back gauge, which is determined by the bend allowance. However this penetration is not the only responsible for the resulting bending angle and the gauging position is not the only responsible for the flange length. Additionally, the radius inside the V shape edge, known as bending radius, influences the geometry and correspondingly the bend allowance. Some authors believe that the punch nose radius has direct influence, both in the bending angle and bend allowance. In this paper, results are presented describing the use of finite element analysis as an aid in the prediction of the inside bending radius, that influences both punch penetration for the final bending angle and the bend allowance for the final flange length. From the air bending analysis, a natural inside bending radius is presented as an important variable in these kind of processes, as well as its minor dependence on the punch nose radius.

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16

Tokuda, Taro, Takeshi Uemori, Tetsuya Yoshida, Michihiro Takiguchi, and Fusahito Yoshida. "Asymmetric-Shaped Bending of Adhesively Bonded Sheet Metals." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.630.

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Анотація:

In sheet metal industries, press-formed sheet elements are usually adhesively bonded together at the final stage of assembly. Instead of such a conventional process, the present authors proposed a new technique that first flat sheets are adhesively bonded together and then press-formed into the final products. In previous study, the problem of the die-bending (V-bending and hat-shaped bending) with symmetrical shape has studied. In this study, asymmetric-shaped bending of adhesively bonded sheet metals was investigated by experiments and FEM analysis method. In the case of asymmetric-shaped bending, it was found that the timing of contact from the die corner to the die hypotenuse is early in the press-forming process compared with symmetrical bending (V-bending and hat-shaped bending). For the FEM analysis results, the maximum shear strain in asymmetric-shaped bending was smaller than that in symmetric-shaped bending at the hat-shaped side. Thus, the shape of the die has a large influence on the die-bending of adhesively bonded sheet metals.

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17

Phanitwong, Wiriyakorn, and Sutasn Thipprakmas. "Comparison of Bending Mechanism and Spring-Back Feature Between 90-Degree L-Bending and 90-Degree V-Bending." Advanced Science Letters 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2012.4070.

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18

Suyuti, Muhammad Arsyad, Muhammad Iswar, Rusdi Nur, and Erniyanti Erniyanti. "Desain Konstruksi Press Tool Sebagai Alat Bending Bentuk V Dengan Garis Bending Max. 300mm." Jurnal Sinergi Jurusan Teknik Mesin 17, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v17i1.1592.

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Анотація:

Nowadays, the process of metal forming in the machining industry and welding workshop is developing very rapidly especially in the plate bending process. The bending process is the formation of metals which generally use plates or rods of both ferrous and non-ferrous metal materials by bending, which in the bending process will cause stretching or stretching on the neutral plane axis along the bending area and produce a straight bend line. The use of appropriate technology machines has been widely used to increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness in the production process for community businesses, especially those in the regions. One of the appropriate technologies that might be applied in the bending process is a hydraulic jack press that is equipped with a press tool. Press tool is one type of product forming, cutting and bending tools from the basic material of sheet plates whose operations are using a press tool. The results of the design of press tool bending tool V have a length of 300 mm bending line, 33 mm bending width, 110 mm spring height, free step distance of 19 mm. The punch angle used is 85⁰ with the punch radius used is 1.5 mm while the die angle is 85⁰. The selected punch and die material is Steel AISI 1045 HV HR.

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19

Hamouda, A. M. S., F. Abu Khadra, M. M. Hamadan, R. M. Imhemed, and E. Mahdi. "Springback in v-bending: a finite element approach." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 21, no. 1/2/3 (2004): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2004.004747.

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20

YANG, Ming, Susumu SHIMA, and Tohru WATANABE. "High Accurate V-Bending with Model-Based Control." Transactions of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers 4, no. 2 (1991): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5687/iscie.4.70.

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21

Nur, Rusdi, Muhammad Arsyad Suyuti, Arial Arial, Farid Hidayat Arfa, and Andi Fadel Ahmad. "Modifikasi Desain Konstruksi Alat Bending V Dengan Sistem Hidro Pneumatik." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 21, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v21i1.4223.

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Анотація:

Many forms of technological development aim to answer the need for human work efficiency, so an effective technology development effort is very necessary. As the times progress, of course, there are many changes, especially in science and technology, which may have shifted completely in the industrial area, meaning that in this change it is necessary to require extra operations, namely human labor replaced by machine power. One of them is a plate bending machine or what is called a bending machine. The purpose of this program according to the formulation of the problem above is to maximize the drive system and bending system so that the bent plates form a 90° angle. This research includes several things such as sketching or drawing of bending tools to be modified, as for what we modified, namely the replacement of the top and a larger bottom plate so that the pressing system functions properly, as well as the replacement on the spring so that it matches the load received by the spring. After determining the form of the construction design of the plate bending tool, then determine the concept of each main component of the plate bending tool in order to get maximum and good bending results. The data from the test results of this portable bending tool were tested with different plate thicknesses, namely 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm plates. Tests were performed on each thickness using the maximum bending line. Based on the tests carried out using this bending tool that the drive system works optimally and the bending system works properly and the maximum bending on a plate with a thickness of 4mm can be bending at the right angle of 90° is said to work optimally.

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22

Farsi, Mohammad Ali, and Behrooz Arezoo. "Bending force and spring-back in v-die-bending of perforated sheet-metal components." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 2011): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-58782011000100007.

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23

Srinivasan, R., and G. Karthik Raja. "Experimental study on bending behaviour of aluminium-copper clad sheets in V-bending process." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 6 (2019): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019059.

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Анотація:

The bimetallic sheets are used in the industrial sheet metal products to meet the demands of multi-functionality. The bending behaviour of bimetallic sheet is contributed by individual layers of the sheet and it is entirely different from the monolithic material. In this study, V-bending experiments are carried out to understand the springback, bend force and thickness change of Al-Cu clad sheets. The effect of different parameters such as sheet thickness, sheet setting condition, die angle, die opening and punch radius have been investigated. The results indicated that springback is more for smaller die angle, wider die opening and larger punch radius. Increase in die angle, increase in die opening or decrease in punch radius decreases the bend force. The clad sheet thickens at Al/Cu setting condition whereas it thins at Cu/Al setting condition. This thinning or thickening of the sheet influences the springback and bend force.

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24

Rahdiana, Nana, Sukarman -, Khoirudin -, Amri Abdulah, and Apang Djafar Shieddieque. "SPRING-BACK ANALYSIS OF THE VEE BENDING PROCESS FOR HIGH-STRENGTH STAINLESS STEEL." Jurnal Teknologi 85, no. 3 (April 19, 2023): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.16614.

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Анотація:

This study discussed the evaluation of bending process using high-strength SUS 304 (HS-SUS-304) material of high degree tolerances, and its application in a safe, strongbox, and strongroom protection system. This bending process is one of the several material-forming techniques widely used in the manufacturing industry. Moreover, incorrectly selected parameters such as the V-die punch radius, the angle of V-die bending, and the angle of machine parameters often leads to material failure and wrong final dimensions. The V-bending process was chosen for evaluation because it exhibits significant spring-back effect and has a wide range of industrial applications. The experimental method utilized HS-SUS 304 with a thickness of 3.0 mm that meets the ASTM A-240 requirement, and the input parameters used for V-die angle as well as tip punch radius were chosen in order to achieve the 90o ± 0.5o, and 50o ± 0.5o degrees of the workpieces. The V-die angle of 89o was selected with a tip punch radius of 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm. Furthermore, the spring-back effect was analyzed and evaluated to meet the standard angle requirement, and the results showed that the settings on the bending machine need to be adjusted to achieve angles within tolerances of degrees. It was observed that when the process bend angles on the machine was set at 93.75o and 52.83o with 1.0 mm V-dies tip punch radius, the spring-back factor results produce an average of 0.9609, 0.9618, and 0.9600. Meanwhile, this average increased to 0.9634, 0.9641, and 0.9655, by using 1.2 mm.

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25

Hayakawa, Kunio, Yukio Sanomura, Mamoru Mizuno, Yukio Kasuga, and Tamotsu Nakamura. "Finite Element Analysis of V-Bending of Polypropylene Using Hydrostatic-Pressure Dependent Plastic Constitutive Equation." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.1103.

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Анотація:

Finite element analysis of V-bending process of polypropylene was performed using hydrostatic-dependent elastic-plastic constitutive equations proposed by the present authors. Kinematic and isotropic hardening rule was employed for the plastic constitutive equations. The kinematic hardening rule was more suitable for the expression of the stress reversal in uniaxial stress - strain relation than the isotropic hardening. For the result of the finite element analysis of V-bending, the kinematic hardening rule was able to predict the experimental behavior of springback more properly than the isotropic hardening. Moreover, the effects of hydrostatic pressure-dependence were revealed by examining the calculated distribution of bending plastic strain, bending stress and the width of the bent specimen.

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26

Lei, Dun Cai, and Jin Yuan Tang. "The Design Method of V-Tooth Coupling." Advanced Materials Research 871 (December 2013): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.871.347.

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A lecture on the method to compute the the stress of V-tooth coupling under the actual operating conditions. the finite element analysis model of V-tooth coupling under the preload, axial load and torsion was established by used of the software ABAQUS,and the distribution of the bending stress at the root was obtained. The analytical method to compute the bending stress of V-tooth disk is deduced based on the basic principle of material mechanics, and the relative error within 10% compared with the results of finite element analysis.The paper work provide the reference for the precision design of V-tooth coupling.

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27

Wibawa, Putu, Akbar Razzaqi, Kharis Abdullah, Kiki Wulandari, S. Sumardiono, Eriek Restu, and Abdul Gafur. "Analysis of tensile and flexural strength of HDPE material joints in ship construction." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 21, no. 2 (2023): 668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-41924.

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The use of wood as the primary material in the fishing vessels construction has been use a lot in Indonesia. At present, there is a problem in the availability of wood materials which are increasingly difficult to obtain. For this reason, it is necessary to innovate good quality wood substitute materials. In this case, HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) material is the suitable alternative as a substitute for the primary material for fishing vessels. However, further studies are needed due to the lack of regulation and research related to the joint of HDPE materials in ships construction. This study aims to determine the quality of various variations in tensile and bending strength. The method used is experimentation and data processing, while the research variation is V-Seam and X-Seam with hot gas and extrusion welding. Data were obtained by conducting tensile testing with the BS EN 12814-1-2000 standard and bending testing with the BS EN 12814-2-2000 standard. The study's results found that the seam and connection method affect the tensile strength and bending of the HDPE welding joint. The tensile and bending strengths for each variation of V-Seam hot gas, X-Seam hot gas and V-Seam extrusion welding are 14.07 MPa, 15.44 MPa, and 19.29 MPa, while the bending strengths are 29.22 MPa, 33.28 MPa, and 37.85 MPa, so the most optimum tensile and bending strength is obtained from the variation of the V-Seam extrusion welding joint with values of 19.29 MPa and 37.85 MPa, respectively.

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28

Cinar, Zeki, Mohammed Asmael, Qasim Zeeshan, and Babak Safaei. "Effect of Springback on A6061 Sheet Metal Bending: A Review." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(1)-02.

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Springback is defined as undesirable shape change that occurs after forming process upon unloading due to the occurrence of elastic recovery of the part. Aluminum alloy with high content of magnesium such as A6061 is preferred for high formability limit to be used in automotive industry. However, generally springback turns out to be a drawback. Many researchers have examined the springback of A6061 by considering parameters such as bent angle, die shoulder radius, blank holder force, sheet thickness, punch thickness, modulus young, yield strength, Poisson’s ratio, annealing temperature, applied load and bending operations such as V bending, deep drawing, tube bending, 3 point bending, U bending, and wipe bending. In this research, a comprehensive review is carried out to investigate process parameters and bending operations having critical impact on springback of A6061 and publications in the literature based on springback effect for A6061 studied in order to observe the number of publications by authors and the number of publications by affiliation. It is observed that sheet thickness and bent angle parameters have substantial effect on the springback. V bending and deep drawing are the commonly used bending processes. In addition, a critical contribution is presented by considering process parameters and analysis methods in order to provide a guidance for researchers for further research studies.

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29

Huangfu, Shuang-E., Zhong Tao, Ji Zhang, Wahab Abdul Ghafar, Zihao Wang, Caifeng Ye, and Md Mehedi Hasan. "Flexural Behavior of Stainless Steel V-Stiffened Lipped Channel Beams." Metals 13, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020434.

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Six groups of austenitic 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel bending specimens with three types of cross-sectional forms were used to study the impact of V-stiffeners on the failure mode and flexural behavior of stainless steel lipped channel beams. These cross-sectional forms included V-stiffeners in the web compression zone at 1/3 height near the compressed flange and no V-stiffeners on the flange, V-stiffeners in the web compression zone at 1/3 height near the compressed flange and V-stiffeners in the middle of the compressed flange, and V-stiffeners on the web at 1/2 height and V-stiffeners in the middle of the compressed and tensioned flange. The findings show that the specimens without a V-stiffener on the flange and with a V-stiffener in the web compression zone at 1/3 height near the compressed flange have a lower ultimate bearing capacity as a result of local–distortional interaction buckling. The test specimen’s flexural bearing capacity will rise with an increase in web height under the same stiffening form and other fixed cross-sectional parameters. Furthermore, the additional V-stiffeners in the middle of the flange effectively lower the width-to-thickness ratio of the stainless steel specimen with a flange that has been V-stiffened, thus increasing the specimen’s bending bearing capacity by 13% and emphasizing the distortional buckling issue. Buckling first manifests in the compression flange and is caused by the stress evolution on the web of the bending specimen, which is constrained by the V-stiffeners. The specimen’s capacity to withstand bending loads can be improved more successfully through the use of V-stiffeners in the web compression zone at 1/3 height close to the compressed flange and V-stiffeners in the middle of the compressed flange. For the test data, a finite element simulation was established, and the results are generally consistent with the test results.

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30

Sudarsono, Sudarsono, Hidayat Hidayat, Aminur Aminur, Sarwo Pranoto, and Prinob Aksar. "ANALISA KEKUATAN MEKANIS SAMBUNGAN LAS KAMPUH V TUNGGAL DAN V GANDA PADA BAJA KARBON RENDAH DENGAN PROSES PENGELASAN SMAW." Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 12, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/djitm.v12i2.19894.

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Welding is one of the methods widely used in the joining of metals for structural elements. One of the factors that influence the strength of welded metals is types of welding joints. Suitability of the type of welding joint with geometries of base metals is required to obtain welded metal products with optimum properties. In this study an attempt is made to investigate mechanical properties of welded metals with two different types of joints (single-V and double-V) using the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process. Low carbon steel with bevel angle of 60° was used in this study. Welding process was performed using current of 70 A with a constant welding speed. The flexural properties and uniaxial tensile properties are studied by three-point bending test and uniaxial tensile test respectively. Test results show that the tensile strength and the bending strength of single-V specimens is 521.64 N/mm2 and 525.11 N/mm2 respectively. In addition, the tensile strength and the bending strength of double-V specimens is 517.33 N/mm2 and 504.24 N/mm2 respectively

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31

Han, Tingzhuang, Guangsheng Huang, Yougen Wang, Guangang Wang, Yanchun Zhao, and Fusheng Pan. "Enhanced mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets by continuous bending process after V-bending." Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 26, no. 1 (February 2016): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2016.01.005.

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32

Leu, Daw-Kwei. "Position deviation of bending point in asymmetric V-die bending process with HSS trapezoid sheet." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 91, no. 9-12 (January 27, 2017): 3727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0029-3.

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33

Nur, Rusdi, Muhammad Arsyad Suyuti, and Muhammad Iswar. "Designing and Manufacturing the Press Tool of Air Bending V Brake." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 19, no. 3 (November 30, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v19i3.1397.

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Nowadays, the metal forming process in the welding machinery and machinery industry is developing very rapidly, especially in the bending process. The buckling process is a metal formation which generally uses sheet plates or rods from both ferrous and non-ferrous metals by bending, which in the bending process will cause a stretching or stretching on the neutral axis of the field along the bending area and producing a straight bending line. Appropriate technology machines have been widely used to increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness in the production process for community efforts. One of the appropriate technologies that can be applied in buckling is a tool equipped with a press tool. Press tool is one type of tool for the formation, cutting and bending of products from the base material of sheet plates whose operation uses a press machine. In this study, a V brake bending tool has been produced which has a capacity that is bending line length 300 mm, bending width 33 mm, spring height 110 mm, free step distance 19 mm, spring load received 263,820 N and material capacity that can be bent is a thickness of 3 mm, the punch angle used is 85⁰ with a punch radius used which is 1.5 mm while the die angle is 85⁰

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34

Bozdemir, M., and M. Golcu. "Artificial Neural Network Analysis of Springback in V Bending." Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 17 (August 15, 2008): 3038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.3038.3043.

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35

Naranbaatar, Khamt, Makoto Murata, Takashi Kuboki, Takahiro Shibata, and Yingjun Jin. "Deformation in V-bending of aluminum alloy 5083 plate." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 60, no. 6 (2010): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.60.264.

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36

Cavaliere, Pasquale, Angelo Perrone, Alessio Silvello, Aleksandra Laska, Gianni Blasi, and Irene G. Cano. "Fatigue Bending of V-Notched Cold-Sprayed FeCoCrNiMn Coatings." Metals 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050780.

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Cold-spray coatings were produced by FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy powders deposited on carbon steel substrate. The coatings were realized at intermediate temperature and high pressure (at 1100 °C and 7 MPa). The coating microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, revealing a very dense deposition and high flattening ratio of the splatted particles. This had a large influence on the strong adhesion of the coating to the substrate. The hardness and residual stress profiles were measured through nanoindentation and X-ray diffraction from the peak broadening measured layer by layer. The cyclic behavior of the coatings was evaluated through three-point bending tests performed on V-notched samples coated via cold spray. Cyclic tests were performed at different maximum strokes from 0.3 to 3.6 mm in order to monitor the crack initiation and propagation during bending tests. The fracture surface aspect was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in order to reveal the fracture mechanisms in different deformation conditions.

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37

OTSU, Masaaki, Yasunori Hori, and Keisuke Ito. "G0410403 Springback reduction in multistep V bending of SUS304." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2014 (2014): _G0410403——_G0410403—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2014._g0410403-.

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38

Choudhury, Imtiaz A., and Vahid Ghomi. "Springback reduction of aluminum sheet in V-bending dies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 228, no. 8 (December 19, 2013): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405413514225.

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39

THIPPRAKMAS, Sutasn. "Spring-back factor applied for V-bending die design." Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 14, no. 3 (2020): JAMDSM0037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.2020jamdsm0037.

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40

Parsa, M. H., S. V. Mohammadi, and A. Jalali Aghchai. "Al3105/polypropylene/Al3105 laminates springback in V-die bending." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 75, no. 5-8 (August 7, 2014): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6173-0.

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41

Tominaga, Takayuki, Kouji Senda, Nobuyuki Ohya, Takaharu Idogaki, and Tadashi Hattori. "A bending and expanding motion actuator." Robotica 14, no. 5 (September 1996): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700019950.

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SUMMARYA bending and expanding motion actuator which iscomposed of multi-layered PZT unimorph cells has beendeveloped. These cells are piled one against another.Each cell's electrode is divided into three sectors and thefacing sectors are connected to one another. Multidirectionalbending is realized by controlling the drivingvoltage of each sector. The actuator is 12 mm indiameter, 20 mm in length and 6.4 g in weight with 40cells. The bending angle was 2.2 degrees, and the expansion displacement was 700 μm with 150 V. The resonant frequency was 95 Hz at 25 V.

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42

Ma, Guo Ying, Bin Bing Huang, Shou Bo Jiang, and Kui Chen. "Analysis of Process Parameters Influencing V-Bending Based on Dynaform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1858–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1858.

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Анотація:

On the basis of studying the sheet bending forming mechanism, the process of V-bending has carried on the finite element simulation analysis. Aimed at the phenomenon such as the springback in the sheet forming process, according to the quality of formed parts evaluation index, the impact of changes on stamping parameters such as blank holder force, stamping velocity, friction coefficient was analyzed on the bending process and springback of stamping parts. The parts quality problems encountered in the process of stamping process were predicted, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the stamping process design and mold design to effectively shorten the mold design and production commissioning period.

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43

Samhuddin, Samhuddin, Aminur Aminur, Al Ichlas Imran, and Sartirlan Ali. "Pengaruh Kuat Arus Listrik Terhadap Kekuatan Bending Akar Las dan Kekerasan Pada Pengelasan SMAW." Jurnal Fokus Elektroda : Energi Listrik, Telekomunikasi, Komputer, Elektronika dan Kendali) 7, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jfe.v7i2.23323.

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Struktur sambungan pada konstruksi baja yang rigid tidak terlepas dari pengelasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kuat arus terhadap kekuatan bending pada akar las dan kekerasan pada daerah logam las, base metal dan Heat Affected Zone. Bahan yang digunakan adalah plat baja karbon rendah tebal 8 mm. Pada kedua bagian sisi ujung yang disambung masing-masing dibuat groove sudut 30 derajat yang membentuk sebuah kampuh V sudut 60 derajat. Pada kampuh V dilas dengan proses SMAW posisi 1G dengan variasi arus pengelasan 70 A, 90 A dan 110 A dengan elektroda berdiamter 2,6 mm. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kekuatan bending terendah 23,20 kg/mm2 pada arus 70 A dan tertinggi 26,82 kg/mm2. Kekerasan tertinggi 192,40 kg/mm2 pada daerah logam las 110 A.Kata kunci: Baja Karbon rendah, SMAW, kampuh V, kekuatan bending dan kekerasan.

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44

Lu, Xiao Yang, Qi Tao Zhou, Li Li Huang, and Jin Ming Liu. "Numerical Simulation and Parameter Optimization of Hot Pushing Elbow Pipe Bending Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.92.

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On the basis of the experiments, hot pushing pipe bending process on ox horn core bar is simulated by using MSC.Marc software and orthogonal testing method. Simulations and optimization of sixteen possible combinations of the three parameters T, v and f are carried out with orthogonal testing method L16(43). Aimed at the uniform wall-thickness of elbow pipes, the influence regularity and the influence degree of heating temperature T, pushing speed v and friction coefficient f on the pipe quality are analyzed. The best parameter of hot pushing pipe bending process are T=750 °C, v=4 mm/s and f=0.16.

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45

Stefenelli, Mario, Angelika Riedl, Juraj Todt, Matthias Bartosik, Rostislav Daniel, Christian Mitterer, and Jozef Keckes. "Macroscopic Fracture Behaviour of CrN Hard Coatings Evaluated by X-Ray Diffraction Coupled with Four-Point Bending." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.272.

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Fracture behavior of hard nanocrystalline coatings decisively influences the lifetime and performance of coated tools. In this work, residual stresses in as-deposited and annealed CrN coatings deposited at 350 °C using bias voltages of −40 V and −120 V were evaluated using synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with four-point bending. The stress development during the bending experiments was used to analyse fracture properties of the coatings. The results indicate that an annealing at 550 °C does not deteriorate the fracture behavior of the coatings prepared using −40 V bias. In the case of −120 V bias coatings, the residual stress relaxation after the thermal treatment is accompanied by a fracture strain decrease and a fracture stress increase. The as-deposited and annealed CrN coatings deposited using −120 V bias exhibit significantly large fracture strains in comparison with −40 V samples. Finally the results document that the fracture stress may not be the only relevant parameter when comparing different coating systems. Also the strain at fracture can be considered as significant indicator of the coating fracture response. Methodologically, the results indicate that in-situ X-ray diffraction coupled with four point bending can be effectively used to evaluate macroscopic fracture behaviour of hard coatings.

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46

Park, Chanwoo, Bhavana Joshi, Edmund Samuel, Byeong-yeop Kim, Ali Aldalbahi, Mohamed El-Newehy, Hae-Seok Lee, and Sam S. Yoon. "Supersonically Sprayed Cobalt Titanate and PVDF for Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (November 16, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8870780.

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Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are the core components of self-powered devices used in sensors, ecofriendly wearable gadgets, and biomedical implants. This study introduces and demonstrates a flexible PENG with supersonically cold-sprayed films of cobalt titanate (CTO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). An electrically poled PENG produces a maximum output voltage of 34.8 V under a tapping force of 20 N, whereas a CTO/PVDF-based PENG exhibits 25.4 V across a loading resistance ( R L ) of 50 MΩ and generates a short-circuit current of 30 μA at 0.1 MΩ. Furthermore, the maximum power density is 25 μW·cm-2 at R L = 0.6 MΩ. Cyclic tapping and bending test results show that open-circuit voltages (Voc) of 25.4 and 5.8 V are produced under the tapping cycle of N tap = 4200 and bending cycle of N bend = 750 , respectively, confirming the mechanical durability of the PENG. Thus, the potential of CTO/PVDF films for use in PENGs with various functionalities can be confirmed based on the V oc values generated from bending, mobile tapping, walking, and lifting movements.

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47

Liu, Geng Wu, and Zhen Long Zhong. "Study and Design of Sheet Metal Bending Springback Adjustable Die." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1092.

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A kind of U type 90°or V type 90°bending springback testing die was set up to discuss the bending springback . The springback of material can be masteried through setting up of bending springback adjusting test die without prior calculation . In order to adjust the bending angle , the T type slide seat and bending press plate were used and the adjusting of bending radii was implemented by replacing the adjusting axis of bending radii. At first, if the springback value of the sheet metal made sure for the die design , then the die was designed , the large of works for repaired and tested die were reduced and it will be the `most convenient for the die designer.

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48

özdemir, Mustafa. "Optimization of Spring Back in Air V Bending Processing using Taguchi and RSM Method." Mechanics 26, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.1.22831.

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In this study, springback behaviour of Dp600 (Dual Phase Steel) sheet material was investigated using air V bending technique. As bending parameters, four different punch tip radii and four different sheet thicknesses were used. The springback values obtained from the experiments were compared with each other. At the same time, the experimental data were analysed with Response Surface Method (RSM) and Taguchi (L16) orthogonal array. The experimental data and the simulation results were found to be consistent. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is used to determine the most appropriate parameter of minimum springback behaviour. Additionally, it is possible to estimate the optimal combination of the bending parameters. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the design of experiment (DOE) were utilised for the analysis of the experimental results. It was determined that the effect of these parameters on the air V bending process was based on springback behaviours.

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49

Kosmatka, J. B., R. H. Fries, and C. F. Reinholtz. "Tension and bending stress concentration factors in ‘U’, ‘V’, and opposed ‘U’–‘V’ notches." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 25, no. 4 (October 1990): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v254233.

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50

Chen, Chung-De. "Investigations of Bending Singularity Orders in a V-notched Composite Laminate Plate Based on the Ressiner-Mindlin Theory." MATEC Web of Conferences 151 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815101001.

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In this paper, the bending singularity at the apex of a V-notched composite laminate plate is investigated. The anisotropy of the laminate is modeled by the Stroh formalism. Based on the eigenfunction expansion method, the bending singularity orders can be determined by solving an eigenvalue problem numerically. The singularity orders depend on the plate angle, material orientation, material anisotropy and the laminate stacking sequence. The comparison cases show that the material orientation should avoid in order to reduce the bending singularity. The layers near the free surfaces have more significant effects on the singularity order. The findings presented in this paper are helpful in the design of the composite laminate with V-notch.

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