Статті в журналах: "Utility film"

1

Fredric, C., D. Tarrant, C. Jensen, J. Hummel, and J. Ermer. "CuInSe2 Thin Film Modules for Utility Applications." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930060.

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Recent advances in the efficiency and manufacturing technology of CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films demonstrate the opportunity for low-cost large-scale production of photovoltaics for utility applications. Large area (0.4 m2) submodules with 9.7 percent aperture efficiencies yielding 37.8 watts have been fabricated. Thin film fabrication techniques used in the production of modules enable reduced production costs compared with those for single crystal silicon. The performance of 0.4 m2 modules is projected to exceed 50 watts, based on performance achieved to date on 0.1 m2 modules and small area test devices. Preliminary tests packaged (encapsulated and framed) modules show no significant losses after 15 1/2 months of continuous outdoor exposure. Fabrication of 0.4 m2 modules to demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale commercialization of CIS thin film photovoltaics for utility applications is currently under way.

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2

Sandrya, Vincent, Wasino Wasino, and Desi Arisandi. "SISTEM REKOMENDASI FILM MENGGUNAKAN METODE MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY." Computatio : Journal of Computer Science and Information Systems 6, no. 1 (June 9, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/computatio.v6i1.17081.

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Banyaknya film yang telah diproduksi dari berbagai kategori seperti drama, komedi, horor, dan lain-lain menyebabkan penonton memiliki banyak pilihan film yang akan ditonton. Sistem rekomendasi merupakan sebuah sistem komputer yang membantu membuat suatu keputusan dengan memberikan saran kepada pengguna melalui pemrosesan data pada sistem. Dengan adanya pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang memudahkan penonton dalam memilih film yang ditonton. Tujuan dari kajian ini yaitu merancang sebuah sistem rekomendasi film bagi kalangan konsumen perfilman. Perancangan sistem menggunakan metode MAUT atau Multi Attribute Utility Theory. Data yang digunakan pada sistem berasal dari IMDB (Internet Movie Database) yang diambil dari proses request API. Hasil penelitian ini adalah aplikasi pengambilan keputusan berbasis website yang dapat memberikan rekomendasi film bagi para penggunanya. Selain itu, aplikasi juga menyediakan fitur tambahan seperti laporan film dan pengolahan film yang membantu pengguna dalam mendapatkan informasi film yang sudah dicari.

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3

Rosenman, Julian, Cheryl A. Roe, Robert Cromartie, Keith E. Muller, and Stephen M. Pizer. "Portal film enhancement: Technique and clinical utility." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 25, no. 2 (January 1993): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(93)90357-2.

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4

Annohene, Gilbert, and Gary Tepper. "Moisture Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Processed in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 7570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247570.

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Performance degradation under environmental conditions currently limits the practical utility of perovskite-based solar cells. The moisture stability of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films and solar cells was measured during exposure to three different levels of relative humidity. The films were crystallized at two different temperatures with and without simultaneous exposure to supercritical carbon dioxide. The film crystallinity, optical absorption, and device photoconversion efficiency was measured over time for three relative humidity levels and both crystallization methods. It was determined that film crystallization in supercritical CO2 resulted in significant improvement in moisture stability for films processed at 50 °C, but negligible improvement in stability for films processed at 100 °C.

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5

Emeka, Nwanna Charles, Patrick Ehi Imoisili, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Preparation and Characterization of NbxOy Thin Films: A Review." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121246.

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Niobium oxides (NbO, NbO2, Nb2O5), being a versatile material has achieved tremendous popularity to be used in a number of applications because of its outstanding electrical, mechanical, chemical, and magnetic properties. NbxOy films possess a direct band gap within the ranges of 3.2–4.0 eV, with these films having utility in different applications which include; optical systems, stainless steel, ceramics, solar cells, electrochromic devices, capacitor dielectrics, catalysts, sensors, and architectural requirements. With the purpose of fulfilling the requirements of a vast variety of the named applications, thin films having comprehensive properties span described by film composition, morphology, structural properties, and thickness are needed. The theory, alongside the research status of the different fabrication techniques of NbxOy thin films are reported in this work. The impact of fabrication procedures on the thin film characteristics which include; film thickness, surface quality, optical properties, interface properties, film growth, and crystal phase is explored with emphases on the distinct deposition process applied, are also described and discussed.

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6

Bateman, Bruce G., Wallace C. Nunley, James D. Kitchin, and Donald L. Kaiser. "Utility of the 24-hour delay hysterosalpingogram film*." Fertility and Sterility 47, no. 4 (April 1987): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59111-0.

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7

Willis, James E. "Simultaneous Determination of the Thickness and Composition of Thin Film Samples Using Fundamental Parameters." Advances in X-ray Analysis 31 (1987): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800021972.

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The use of empirical analysis techniques for the simultaneous determination of the thickness and composition of thin film samples usually requires a suite of well characterized similar type standards. While this may be adequate for a quality control application, this requirement severely limits the utility of X-ray fluorescence in the analysis of thin films in a service lab or research environment.The use of fundamental parameters in the analysis of thin films allows the simultaneous determination of the thickness and composition of single and multiple layer thin film unknown samples without the use of similar type standards.

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8

Spitzig, Alyson, Adam Pivonka, Alex Frenzel, Jeehoon Kim, Changhyun Ko, You Zhou, Eric Hudson, Shriram Ramanathan, Jennifer E. Hoffman, and Jason D. Hoffman. "Nanoscale thermal imaging of VO₂ via Poole–Frenkel conduction." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 15 (April 11, 2022): 151602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086932.

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We present a method for nanoscale thermal imaging of insulating thin films using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and we demonstrate its utility on VO2. We sweep the applied voltage V to a conducting AFM tip in contact mode and measure the local current I through the film. By fitting the IV curves to a Poole–Frenkel conduction model at low V, we calculate the local temperature with spatial resolution better than 50 nm using only fundamental constants and known film properties. Our thermometry technique enables local temperature measurement of any insulating film dominated by the Poole–Frenkel conduction mechanism and can be extended to insulators that display other conduction mechanisms.

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9

Chai, Haoyu, Hui Li, Fei Zhong, Zhen Xu, Shengqiang Bai, and Lidong Chen. "Influence of Solvent-Dependent Morphology on Molecular Doping and Charge Transport in Conductive Thiophene Polymer." Materials 15, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 3293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093293.

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The utility of a solvent is one of the key factors that impacts resultant film morphology. However, the effect of solvent-dependent morphology on the doping process and electrical conductivity has not been adequately elucidated. In this work, we compared the morphology of chloroform- and chlorobenzene-processed thiophene polymer films and investigated how the choice of solvent influences film morphology, doping level, charge transport properties, and thus electrical conductivity. It was found that the film drop-casted from chloroform exhibits better crystallinity than that drop-casted from chlorobenzene. The crystallinity has negligible impact on the doping level but significant impact on charge transport properties. As a result, the chloroform-processed film shows a higher electrical conductivity of up to 408 S cm−1 due to a high carrier mobility related to the continuously crystalline domains in film. This finding indicates that the choice of solvent for preparation of film, which strongly correlated with molecular orientation, is a new strategy to optimize the electrical conductivity of doped polymers.

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10

Wang, Wendong, Ian B. Burgess, Benjamin D. Hatton, Jack Alvarenga, and Joanna Aizenberg. "Secrets revealed — Spatially selective wetting of plasma-patterned periodic mesoporous organosilica." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 12 (December 2012): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-092.

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We report a simple method to pattern wetting properties on thin films of periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO). A hydrophobic methane PMO thin film was covered by masks and exposed to oxygen plasma to make the unmasked area hydrophilic. The wettability patterns could be revealed only when the films were immersed in water or exposed to moisture. We expect that our method would extend the utility of PMO to such areas as sensing and information security.

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11

Barrowman, Kyle. "Morals of Encounter in Steve Jobs." Film and Philosophy 24 (2020): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/filmphil2020249.

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In this article, the author argues for the probative value of ordinary language philosophy for the discipline of film studies by way of an analysis of the conversational protocols discernible in the film Steve Jobs (2015). In particular, the author focuses on the work of J.L. Austin, specifically his theory of speech acts and his formulation of the performative utterance, and Stanley Cavell, specifically his extension of Austinian speech act theory and his formulation of the passionate utterance, and analyzes the interactions between the titular character and his daughter through this unique Austinian/Cavellian lens. In so doing, the author endeavors to encourage more scholars in the field of film-philosophy to explore the key concepts and arguments in ordinary language philosophy for use in analyzing films. Despite its having been virtually ignored by film scholars over the last half century, one of many regrettable effects of the Continental bias of film scholars generally and film-philosophers specifically, the author contends that ordinary language philosophy provides powerful tools for the analysis of dialogue and communication in film, with Steve Jobs serving as a particularly insightful test case of the broad utility of ordinary language philosophy for film studies.

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12

Larson, D. J., B. D. Wissman, R. L. Martens, R. J. Viellieux, T. F. Kelly, T. T. Gribb, H. F. Erskine, and N. Tabat. "Advances in Atom Probe Specimen Fabrication from Planar Multilayer Thin Film Structures." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, no. 1 (January 2001): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100050010058.

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AbstractA sample preparation method has been developed whereby sharp needle-shaped specimens for atom probe analysis are fabricated from multilayer thin films deposited onto silicon substrates. The specimens are fabricated in an orientation such that atom probe composition profiles across the layer interfaces can be determined with atomic-layer spatial resolution, i.e., the layer normals are parallel to the needle axis. The method uses standard silicon etching techniques and focused ion-beam milling. The feasibility and utility of this technique are shown through its application to a NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe-based thin film structure.

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13

Xavier, Zachary. "The Kierkegaardian Existentialism of Richard Linklater's Before Trilogy." Film-Philosophy 25, no. 2 (June 2021): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2021.0164.

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This article examines the Kierkegaardian existentialism set in motion by Richard Linklater's Before trilogy: Before Sunrise (1995), Before Sunset (2004), and Before Midnight (2013). In doing so, it asserts the efficacy of cinema as a medium of existential import, one that is particularly suited to give form to Søren Kierkegaard's project. The identification of three existential stages of life – the aesthetic, ethical, and religious – is perhaps Kierkegaard's most notable contribution to philosophy. This article contends that Linklater's aesthetic strategy – namely, his distinctive use of long dialogic takes and open endings – grapples with these existential categories: the aesthetic and ethical existence-spheres, as well as the border zone of irony that rests between them. By mapping the shifting utility of the long take and open endings throughout the trilogy, the article charts the differing existential states of the trilogy's enduring couple, Jesse and Céline, as well as the ensuing complications that arise from their clash. In particular, the Before trilogy demonstrates the difficulty of reconciling aesthetic desire and ethical responsibility. Focusing on this dilemma, the article goes on to discuss how the differing existential states of Jesse and Céline prevent a proper appropriation of the ethical requirement into their lives, and that this existential disparity is what eventually surfaces the dysfunction of their romantic union.

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14

Lafitte, Valerie G. H., Wanxian Wang, Alexandra S. Yashina, and Nathan S. Lawrence. "Anthraquinone–ferrocene film electrodes: Utility in pH and oxygen sensing." Electrochemistry Communications 10, no. 12 (December 2008): 1831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2008.09.031.

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15

Darnell, Doyanne A., and Sarah L. Cook. "Investigating the Utility of the Film War Zone in the Prevention of Street Harassment." Psychology of Women Quarterly 33, no. 3 (September 2009): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036168430903300302.

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Street harassment, the act of sexual harassment by strangers in public, is a common experience shared by many women. This paper reports the first experimental evaluation of the impact of a popular documentary-style film, War Zone, on men's attitudes toward street harassment and empathy for women who experience it. The sample was an ethnically diverse group of undergraduate men attending an urban university ( N = 98). Given the film's primary focus on women's perspectives and the relation of street harassment to rape, we predicted the film would decrease acceptance of street harassment and increase empathy toward women who experience street harassment. We did not find support for these main effects. Hostility toward women, however, was negatively related to cognitive empathy and feelings of distress following the film, and hostility toward women moderated the effect of film condition on distress. Peer acceptance predicted greater self-acceptance of street harassment. Implications for future street harassment research and prevention strategies are discussed.

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Ren, He, Mingzhe Li, Yanyan Fu, and Lan Jin. "Silver nanoclusters functionalized by chromotropic acid and layered double hydroxides for the turn-on detection of melamine." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 25 (2016): 6104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc01264g.

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17

Tanaka, Nobuyuki, Ryoji Sekine, Shun-ichi Funano, Asako Sato, Núria Taberner Carretero, Miki Ebisuya, and Yo Tanaka. "Vacuum microcasting of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer for stable cell patterning." BioTechniques 69, no. 3 (September 2020): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2020-0052.

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This study demonstrates the rapid fabrication and utility of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer film for cell patterning. The film was obtained on a cell culture surface by microcasting MPC polymer ethanol solution into a degassed polydimethylsiloxane mold with a desired pattern. After removal of the mold, 293AD cells were cultured on the surface of the polymer film with the patterned microstructures. Patterned cell adhesion restricted by the film was successfully maintained during at least a 168-h cultivation. The microcast MPC polymer film can be prepared rapidly and used for efficient long-term cell confinement.

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Patel, R., H. Wolfendale, J. Ragunathan, and R. J. Parikh. "76 The Cinema and Geriatric Medicine: An Approach to ‘Hard-To-Reach’ Places in the Curriculum." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i25—i26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz191.01.

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Abstract Introduction Cinema is powerful - it can depict complex stories, spark discussion and foster reflection.1 Potentially, in geriatric medicine, the impact of serious diagnoses could be explored and learners’ preconceptions concerning ageing challenged. Thus, could film be used to explore and assess ‘hard-to-reach’ curriculum areas? The Mental Health in Older Adults module (MSc in Geriatric Medicine - Salford University) uses film in the oral assessed presentation. We wished to explore the utility of this Methods Learners (North-West Speciality Registrars) were allocated different feature films exploring mental health themes. 8 learners each delivered a ten-minute presentation focusing on a topic selected after viewing the film. The audience comprised Speciality Registrars who could ask questions. The content of the presentations was reviewed. The key topics/themes tackled were analysed. Results Learners watched one of the following: Iris, Tokyo Story, Still Alice, My Feral Heart, Firefly Dreams, The Carer, Away from Her and Amour. Each film generated 3 or more topics/themes. These were diverse and included: depression in chronic illness; loneliness; neuropsychological complications of stroke and the management and impact of dementia. Presenters set these into the film’s context and reflected on the interaction between physical health and social and psychological factors. ‘Hard-to-reach’ areas included: culture and social care, filial piety, and preconceptions of intellectual disability. Neglected areas tackled included suicide in older adults and the impact of dementia in younger adults. Audience feedback was positive. The reflective nature of the session provided new insights and was engaging Conclusions Film is a medium that allows ‘hard-to-reach’ (and teach) areas to be tackled and assessed. The use of film was well received and importantly had utility. The topics learners reflected upon were complex and challenged their own and their audiences’ conceptions of clinical problems. Reference 1. Law M, et al, Perspect Med Educ. 2015 4(5): 218–224.

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Buttsworth, D. R., and T. V. Jones. "A Fast-Response High Spatial Resolution Total Temperature Probe Using a Pulsed Heating Technique." Journal of Turbomachinery 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841758.

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This paper discusses the operation of a fast-response total temperature probe based on transient thin film heat flux gage technology. The probe utilizes two thin film gages located close to the stagnation point of a hemispherically blunted fused quartz cylinder. Development of the present total temperature probe was motivated by the need for a fast-response device with a high spatial resolution. The diameter of the probe was 2.8 mm and the two films were separated by a distance of less than 1 mm. Measurement of the flow total temperature requires the films to operate at different temperatures. In the present work, the temperature difference was generated using a current pulse (approximately 70 mA with a duration of around 1 s) to heat one of the thin film resistance gages. With this technique, temperature differences between the hot and cold films of around 120 K were achieved. The interpretation of the transient surface temperature measurements is discussed, and the validity and utility of the technique are demonstrated with reference to total temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient measurements in a compressible free jet. The results demonstrate that accurate total temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution can be obtained with the present device.

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20

Rangan, Vikram. "Taking a Load Off Diagnosing Constipation: Utility of the Plain Film." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 64, no. 12 (October 9, 2019): 3369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05878-y.

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21

Jeong, Sae-Byeol, and Young-Kwon Chung. "An Analysis on the Narrative Time of Knives Out: the Utility and Limitation of Gérard Genette’s Narrative Theory." K-Culture·Story Contents Reasearch Institute 2 (January 31, 2023): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56659/kcsc.2023.1.39.

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This paper examines the narrative effect and the genre variation which is constructed by the time of narration that transforms story order through analyzing the film, Knives Out(2019), and confirms that this strengthens the social message of the film. Especially, I analyze the narrative time focusing on the “analepsis” which indicates the earlier incidents without following the chronological orders. I use the method of Gérard Genette who had much influence on the study on film narrative as well as novel, as an theoretical tool. Genette’s concept on narrative order is very useful for analyzing the difference between story time and time of narration. However, there are some theoretical limitations from the unique characteristics of film narrative which is quite distinct from literature. Consequently, I was able to verify the following through this study. Firstly, Knives out plays a variation on the convention of detective film in the process of rearranging story order in the plot. This plays the role from which effectively draws the curiosity, suspense and surprise of audience, and clarifies the theme on the criticism against class inequality and capitalist selfishness in American society. Secondly, there are some points which get out of Genette’s narrative theory on the time throughout the film. Because a film has both visual elements and auditory elements unlike a literary text, and there are not a given reception order of audience in a frame.

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22

Plantinga, Carl. "Cognitive Film Theory : An Insider’s Appraisal." Cinémas 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2007): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/024878ar.

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ABSTRACT This article appraises the contributions of what has been called cognitivism or the cognitive approach to film studies, and suggests the means by which the cognitive approach can become more central to film studies than it has been so far. The author first shows that much of what has been called "cognitivist" film studies is only cognitivist in a broad sense, and could just as well be called "analytic." He then argues that the cognitive approach would be most useful when it is thus broadly applied, becoming then more a commitment to the rationality of discourse and human thought than a narrow project within psychology. The article then goes on to appraise the utility of the cognitive approach in our understanding of the psychological power of film and film aesthetics.

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Pharr, G. M., and W. C. Oliver. "Measurement of Thin Film Mechanical Properties Using Nanoindentation." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 7 (July 1992): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400041634.

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One of the simplest ways to measure the mechanical properties of a thin film is to deform it on a very small scale. Because indentation testing with a sharp indenter is one convenient means to accomplish this, nanoindentation, or indentation testing at the nanometer scale, has become one of the most widely used techniques for measuring the mechanical properties of thin films. Other reasons for the popularity of nanoindentation stem from the ease with which a wide variety of mechanical properties can be measured without removing the film from its substrate and the ability to probe a surface at numerous points and spatially map its mechanical properties. The utility of the mapping capability is illustrated in Figure 1, which shows several small indentations made at selected points in a microelectronic device. The hardness and modulus of the device were determined at each point. In addition to microelectronics, nanoindentation has also proved useful in the study of optical coatings, hard coatings, and materials with surfaces modified by ion implantation and laser treatment.

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24

Pünnel, Larissa Carine, and Dominique Jasmin Lunter. "Film-Forming Systems for Dermal Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070932.

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Film-forming formulations represent a novel form of sustained release dermatic products. They are applied to the skin as a liquid or semi-solid preparation. By evaporation of the volatile solvent on the skin, the polymer contained in the formulation forms a solid film. Various film-forming formulations were tested for their water and abrasion resistance and compared with conventional semi-solid formulations. Penetration and permeation studies of the formulations indicate a potential utility as transdermal therapeutic systems. They can be used as an alternative to patch systems to administer a variety of drugs in a topical way and may provide sustained release characteristics.

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25

Park, Chur-Woong. "The Study on Digital Cinema's Utility as a Film Production Tool and Influence for Korea Film Industry." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 7, no. 5 (May 28, 2007): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2007.7.5.128.

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26

Daneshmand, Siamak, Christopher G. Hedley, and Steven C. Stain. "The Utility and Reliability of Computed Tomography Scan in the Diagnosis of Small Bowel Obstruction." American Surgeon 65, no. 10 (October 1999): 922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313489906501005.

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Accurate diagnosis and treatment of small bowel obstruction (SBO) is critical to prevent complications and reduce costs. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the evolving role of CT scan for patients with suspected SBO and compare its sensitivity and specificity with plain abdominal films. We identified 108 patients over a 1-year period with an admission or discharge diagnosis of SBO. Five patients treated on a clinical basis without radiographic imaging and those with indeterminate films were excluded from analysis. CT and radiograph reports were compared with operative findings or clinical course in 103 patients. By the clinical course, 66 of the patients had a partial or complete SBO. Plain film radiography correctly established the diagnosis of SBO in 50 of 66 patients (sensitivity, 75%). Nine of 17 plain films were true negatives (specificity, 53%). CT was able to correctly identify partial or complete SBO in 35 of 38 patients (sensitivity, 92%) and correctly identified the lack of obstruction in 8 of 13 patients (specificity, 71%). These data document that plain films are a less sensitive and less specific method of diagnosing SBO and confirm that the use of CT scan is a valuable modality. CT scan should be considered for use as the primary test for patients with suspected SBO.

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27

Paiphansiri, Umaporn, Yuri Reyes, Carola Hoffmann-Richter, Sonja Theisinger, and Katharina Landfester. "Soft Core–Hard Shell Silicone Hybrid Nanoparticles Synthesized by Miniemulsion Polymerization: Effect of Silicone Content and Crosslinking on Latex Film Properties." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 8 (2011): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11145.

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Composite nanoparticles consisting of ‘soft’ silicone oil and ‘hard’ polyacrylate with core–shell morphology were obtained by a one-step synthesis via the miniemulsion process. Various parameters, i.e. the viscosity and amount of the silicone, the surfactant content, the (co)monomers affecting the particle size and morphology were studied. With an optimum hydrophilicity of the polymer shell, composite particles possessing a well-defined core–shell morphology were obtained as determined by transmission electron microscopy. The fully encapsulated silicone oil (40 wt-%) in a slightly crosslinked polyacrylate shell showed good film formation as revealed by atomic force microscopy. The ability to highly confine silicone oil in the composite film could clearly be evaluated from contact angle measurements. By finely changing the crosslink concentration in the polymeric shell, tunable hydrophobic properties of films cast from silicone core–polyacrylate shell latexes could be achieved. In addition, the high thermal resistance and excellent water-resistant properties of the film were shown by thermal gravimetric analysis and water swelling determination. These composite latexes are presented as new alternatives for practical utility in waterborne coatings.

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Jones, Thomas P., and Marc D. Porter. "An Optical Sensor Based on Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 6 (August 1989): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203822.

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A thin-film pH sensor based on vibrational spectroscopy has been developed. The sensor was constructed by the immobilization of Congo Red at a base-hydrolyzed cellulose acetate film that had been coated onto a ZnSe internal reflection element. The protonation of the azo groups of Congo Red was monitored as a function of pH with infrared internal reflection spectroscopy. The response characteristics of this sensor demonstrate the potential utility of applying infrared spectroscopy to detect the response of thin film sensors. Opportunities to design sensors based on the molecular specificity of infrared spectroscopy are briefly discussed.

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Jatav, Jyoti, Ayon Tarafdar, Chakkaravarthi Saravanan, and Bhaswati Bhattacharya. "Assessment of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Property of Polyphenol-Rich Chitosan-Pineapple Peel Film." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (May 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8064114.

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This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of pineapple peel extract-incorporated chitosan films to establish its utility as an active food packaging film. Total phenol and total flavonoids in ethanolic pineapple peel extract (11.1 ± 0.82 mg GAE/g sample, 3.86 ± 0.4 mg Quercetin/g sample) were determined to be higher than those in methanolic pineapple peel extract (7.98 ± 0.55 mg GAE/g sample, 2.37 ± 0.13 mg quercetin/g sample) and higher antioxidant activity was observed for pineapple peel ethanolic extract (PEE). Similarly, PEE-enriched chitosan film also reported greater antioxidant activity compared to pineapple peel methanolic extract (PME)-incorporated chitosan film. The total phenols, flavonoids, and significant antioxidant activity were accounted due to the contents of ferulic acids, quercetin, and kaempferol in both PEE and PME quantified via triple quadrupole LC/MS/MS system. These alcoholic extracts exhibited significant inhibitory zones against both Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium) food-borne bacterial strains. PME exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (0.625 mg/ml) against B. cereus. Pure chitosan films at ≥7 log CFU/ml after 24 h showed lower log reduction for all the bacterial organisms, whereas the chitosan-PEE (at ≤5 logs CFU/ml) and chitosan-PME (at ≤6 log CFU/ml) films expressed higher log reduction for all the four bacterial isolates. Thus, this work led to the utilization of the pineapple peel waste as well as provided an alternative to nonbiodegradable packaging films.

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Payne, Rodger A. "Grappling with Dr. Strangelove’s “Wargasm” Fantasy." International Studies Review 22, no. 3 (March 27, 2019): 464–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viz018.

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Abstract Dr. Strangelove continues to be viewed as one of the most acclaimed films of all-time. Likewise, international relations (IR) experts commonly list the film among the most essential IR-themed movies. The IR scholars who discuss Dr. Strangelove as a text or recommend it for courses generally claim that it can be used to explain nuclear deterrence, the security dilemma, mutually assured destruction, Cold War competition, and various other traditional serious concerns of the field. They also recognize that the satirical film is critical of nuclear strategy. This article considers Dr. Strangelove’s sexual subtext, involving important metaphors and symbols that IR scholars characteristically ignore. Yet, for decades, film critics and scholars from other disciplines have identified and emphasized the importance of the film's comedic “sexual framework” and concluding “wargasm.” Director Stanley Kubrick even acknowledged these key elements in private correspondence. The film suggests that the national security establishment's masculine view of the utility of nuclear weapons and deterrence are comparable to absurd male sexual fantasies. Feminist IR scholars frequently note that mainstream scholars largely ignore their critique of masculine views of the discipline and nuclear strategy. The article concludes that scholars in the field should both prioritize Dr. Strangelove’s sexual subtext and rely upon feminist contributions to help understand those elements.

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Kittle, Joshua, Jacob Levin, and Nestor Levin. "Water Content of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films Measured by Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Deuterium Oxide Exchange." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030771.

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Water content of natural and synthetic, thin, polymer films is of considerable interest to a variety of fields because it governs properties such as ion conductivity, rigidity, porosity, and mechanical strength. Measuring thin film water content typically requires either complicated and expensive instrumentation or use of multiple instrumental techniques. However, because a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is sensitive to changes in mass and viscosity, deuterated solvent exchange has emerged as a simple, single-instrument, in situ method to quantify thin film water content. Relatively few studies, though, have employed this technique to measure water content of polyelectrolyte multilayers formed by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. In this work, poly (allyl amine) (PAH) and poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) films of up to nine layers were formed and the water content for each layer was measured via QCM with deuterium oxide exchange. The well-characterized nature of PAH/PSS films facilitated comparisons of the technique used in this work to other instrumental methods. Water content results showed good agreement with the literature and good precision for hydrated films thicker than 20 nm. Collectively, this work highlights the utility, repeatability, and limitations of this deuterated exchange technique in measuring the solvent content of thin films.

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32

Kwaśniewska, Anita, Dariusz Chocyk, Grzegorz Gładyszewski, Jarosław Borc, Michał Świetlicki, and Bożena Gładyszewska. "The Influence of Kaolin Clay on the Mechanical Properties and Structure of Thermoplastic Starch Films." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010073.

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The aim of study was to investigate the influence of kaolin on the physical properties and utility of film produced from native starch. The work involved measurements of strength, structure, and thermal properties. The films were prepared by the casting method. Composite films with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% kaolin additives were examined. Measurements of mechanical properties were carried out using the uniaxial tensile test, the nanoindentation test, and nanoscratching. Surface properties were examined by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Structure was determined by the X-ray diffraction method, and thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. A significant influence of kaolin on the strength parameters and thermal and barrier properties of composite films was found. An increase in kaolin content reduced the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. Structural analysis showed a partial intercalation and the layered arrangement of kaolin particles. Kaolin additives increased the barrier properties of water vapor in composite films of about 9%. Biopolymer modification by nanoclay reduced the thermal stability of composite films by 7% and could accelerate the biodegradation process. Increasing the concentration of kaolin in the biopolymer matrix led to heightened surface roughness (approximately 64%) and wettability of the surfaces of the film composites of 58%.

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Muñoz-Tebar, Nuria, Ana Molina, Manuel Carmona, and María Isabel Berruga. "Use of Chia by-Products Obtained from the Extraction of Seeds Oil for the Development of New Biodegradable Films for the Agri-Food Industry." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030620.

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Chia oil production and consumption have increased in recent years, producing a large number of by-products that had low utility or economic value for the industry. In this study, a biodegradable film was successfully prepared from mucilage extracted from defatted chia flour. The physical-chemical, optical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and mechanical properties of films made with two different types of chia matrixes (defatted flour and whole seeds) were determined. In general, defatted chia flour films exhibited a slightly reddish and yellowish color but still transparent in appearance, were good visible light barriers, and had better mechanical properties than films made with whole seeds. They also have greater WVP values than synthetic films such as low-density polyethylene. The results of the present study demonstrated that defatted chia flour can be used in producing edible films with improved quality characteristics.

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34

Dharnipragada, Rajiv, Bryan Ladd, Kristen Jones, and David Polly. "Novel 2D long film imaging utility to avoid wrong level spinal surgery." Radiology Case Reports 17, no. 7 (July 2022): 2400–2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2022.03.078.

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35

Makhija, Karan S., Samuel Maloney, and Robert Norton. "The utility of serial blood film testing for the diagnosis of malaria." Pathology 47, no. 1 (January 2015): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pat.0000000000000190.

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36

Munshi, Amit H., Nikhil Sasidharan, Subin Pinkayan, Kurt L. Barth, W. S. Sampath, and Weerakorn Ongsakul. "Thin-film CdTe photovoltaics – The technology for utility scale sustainable energy generation." Solar Energy 173 (October 2018): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.07.090.

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Gratt, Barton M., Stuart C. White, and Edward A. Sickles. "A subjective study of dental diagnostic utility comparing xeroradiography and film radiography." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 68, no. 5 (November 1989): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(89)90256-9.

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38

Pang, Suh Cem, Boon Hong Wee, and Suk Fun Chin. "The Capacitive Behaviors of Manganese Dioxide Thin-Film Electrochemical Capacitor Prototypes." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/397685.

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We have documented the fabrication of manganese dioxide (MnO2) thin-film electrochemical capacitor (EC) prototypes with dual-planar electrode configuration. These EC prototypes exhibited good capacitive behaviors in mild Na2SO4aqueous electrolyte. Enhanced capacitive behaviors of EC prototypes were observed upon prolonged voltammetric cycling which could be associated with microstructural transformation of MnO2thin-film electrodes from densely packed plate-like to irregular petal-like surface morphology. Effects of voltammetric scan rates, prolonged voltammetric cycling, electrolyte composition, and electrolyte concentration on the surface morphology of MnO2thin-film electrodes, and associated capacitive behaviors of MnO2thin-film EC prototypes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) techniques. Results of both CV and EIS indicated that thin-film MnO2EC prototypes exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 327 F/g in 0.2 M Na2SO4aqueous electrolyte. Being environmentally benign and cheap, MnO2thin-film electrochemical capacitors have high potential utility as pulsed power sources, as well as load-leveling functions in various consumer electronic devices.

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39

Luo, Bin, Mingchao Chi, Qingtong Zhang, Mingfu Li, Changzhou Chen, Xiluan Wang, Shuangfei Wang, and Douyong Min. "Fabrication of Lignin-Based Nano Carbon Film-Copper Foil Composite with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121681.

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Technical lignin from pulping, an aromatic polymer with ~59% carbon content, was employed to develop novel lignin-based nano carbon thin film (LCF)-copper foil composite films for thermal management applications. A highly graphitized, nanoscale LCF (~80–100 nm in thickness) was successfully deposited on both sides of copper foil by spin coating followed by annealing treatment at 1000 °C in an argon atmosphere. The conditions of annealing significantly impacted the morphology and graphitization of LCF and the thermal conductivity of LCF-copper foil composite films. The LCF-modified copper foil exhibited an enhanced thermal conductivity of 478 W m−1 K−1 at 333 K, which was 43% higher than the copper foil counterpart. The enhanced thermal conductivity of the composite films compared with that of the copper foil was characterized by thermal infrared imaging. The thermal properties of the copper foil enhanced by LCF reveals its potential applications in the thermal management of advanced electronic products and highlights the potential high-value utility of lignin, the waste of pulping.

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40

TAHAZADEH, Soraya, Usha BARAHMAND, Fereshteh YAGHOOTI, and Mohamad Ali NAZARI. "Mind Reading in Films Task to Assess Social Cognitive Deficits in Autism Spectrum Conditions." Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies 20, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.2.13.

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"Background and Objectives. Various tasks with a variety of stimuli have been devised to measure aspects of theory of mind. In the present study, with due consideration of Iranian culture, we introduce a sensitive video-based test, called Mind Reading in Films Task (Films Task), for the evaluation of complex emotions and mental states. This new social ecological task for mindreading comprises several short film scenes, some measuring cognitive theory of mind and some measuring affective theory of mind. Method. This study included two experiments. In experiment 1, the validity of the newly devised Films Task was investigated by comparing the responses of 342 students to the Films Task and to the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (Eyes Test). In experiment 2, the predictive power and sensitivity of the Films Task was assessed. Twenty adults with high functioning autism spectrum conditions (ASC) were compared with 20 matched healthy controls in terms of their responses to the Eyes Task, Films Task and Empathy Quotient questionnaire. The ROC curve was used to determine the best cut-off point and the diagnostic value. Results. Our findings substantiate the discriminative capacity of the Films Task to distinguish individuals with autism spectrum conditions from their healthy non-clinical counterparts. Limitations: Intelligence and comorbid psychiatric conditions were not controlled, limiting the utility of the measure. Conclusions. Results imply the potential utility of the Films Task as a viable alternative to the Eyes Task in measuring individual differences in social cognitive ability in the general population."

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41

GHOSH, GAUTAM. "Nobility or Utility?Zamindars, businessmen, andbhadralokas curators of the Indian nation in Satyajit Ray'sJalsaghar (The Music Room)." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 683–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000482.

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AbstractThe Bengalibhadralokhave had an important impact on Indian nationalism in Bengal and in India more broadly. Their commitment to narratives of national progress has been noted. However, little attention has been given to how ‘earthly paradise’, ‘garden of delights’, and related ideas of refinement and nobility also informed their nationalism. This article excavates the idea of earthly paradise as it is portrayed in Satyajit Ray's 1958 Bengali filmJalsaghar, usually translated asThe Music Room.Jalsagharis typically taken to depict, broadly, the decadence and decline of aristocratic ‘feudal’ landowners (zamindars) who were granted their holdings and, often, noble rank, such as ‘Lord’ or ‘Raja’, during Mughal or British times, representing the languid past of the nobility, and the ascendance of a restless business-oriented class that represents an emerging present and possible future. Thezamindarsare shown as pursuing aesthetic and spiritual delight, ecstasy, and edification through soirées. These soirées are produced for those among the nobility who are sufficiently cultivated and cosmopolitan to appreciate the finer things in life, such as the classical music and dance showcased in this film. The businessmen, too, aspire to host such exceptional events, but are too crass to do so properly and, moreover, they are motivated by a desire to accrue prestige, thus using soirées as a means to an end, rather than to experience aesthetic and spiritual elevation as an end in itself. I argue that the film calls on thebhadralokto value aesthetic cultivation and to actively counter its evanescence. The film thus beckons and authorizes thebhadralokto sustain the value of the timeless past, including nobility and refinement. Yet thebhadralokare also expected to embody and expand a new, progressive, and utilitarian spirit that would modernize India. With the aristocrats gone, and the entrepreneurs eager to assume authority, the film charges thebhadralokto construct a nationalism in which the immortal, character-building values of classical art, for example, can yet be sutured to utilitarian progressivism. I argue that the film conveys this even though it does not explicitly portray or even mention thebhadralok, or feature uniquely Bengali music and art. Accordingly, this article does not focus on the actual aesthetic and political practices ofbhadraloknationalism. The aim is to shed light on one genealogy through which thebhadraloksanctioned themselves as India's stewards along these lines.

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42

Ostrom, Richard. "the utility of film in political science courses: teaching the battle of algiers." European Political Science 1, no. 2 (March 2002): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/eps.2002.11.

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43

Mousavi, Maryam, Danilo A. Jesus, Izabela K. Garaszczuk, Dorota H. Szczesna-Iskander, and D. Robert Iskander. "The utility of measuring tear film break-up time for prescribing contact lenses." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 41, no. 1 (February 2018): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2017.08.003.

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44

Hatori, Kyohei, Takayuki Kawashima, Kazuki Mori, Satoshi Kosaki, Keitaro Okamoto, Takayuki Mizoguchi, Yoshifumi Oda, et al. "Potential utility of new surgical hemostatic film using Hydrofit®: a preliminary study." Journal of Artificial Organs 23, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-019-01135-1.

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45

Latham, Tom, Dikani Salema, and Steven Mlenga. "Peripheral Blood Film Examination In Malawi: The Maximum Diagnostic Information for the Least Resources?." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3799.3799.

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Abstract Abstract 3799 Introduction: Malawi is the 23th least developed country according to the 2009 UN human development index and has a per capita health expenditure of $17 per year. In common with most of sub-Saharan Africa, severe haematological abnormalities are common in hospital patients, both contributing to ill health and reflecting the nature of underlying illnesses. Facilities for investigating abnormal results are limited and there are chronic problems with supply and maintenance of equipment and reagents. Examination of peripheral blood films provides extensive diagnostic information and can be performed with equipment routinely available even in district laboratories but there are few data on the feasibility and utility of routine blood film examination in this setting. Methods: Routine preparation of thin blood films stained with reverse Field's stain was introduced as a laboratory standard operating procedure for all FBC results meeting predetermined criteria [Hb<7.0 or >16.5 g/dl; MCV<60 or>100 fl; WBC <3.5 or >17.0 ×109/L; PLT <70 or >650 ×109/L] in the major teaching hospital. Films were reported by an experienced haematologist. Handwritten laboratory records of FBC and blood film reports over a 12 month period were reviewed retrospectively. Results: From 35449 FBC samples received 9543(26.9%) met criteria for film preparation. 3745 (39.2% of samples meeting criteria) were prepared. The proportion of films made improved during the study period; films were less likely to be prepared at weekends or late in the day. High day-to-day variability suggests that compliance levels may reflect staff on duty on individual days; workload on a given day did not appear negatively correlated with compliance. 69.5% of film reports gave added diagnostic information (other than simply confirming automated counts); many of the features found were not evident from the patient's clinical condition. Important findings included 33 new cases of leukaemia (14 acute leukemia, 6 CML and 13 CLL or other lymphoid disorders). 6.5% of films showed features suggesting haemolysis or increased red cell production. 2.2% showed specific features (not just macrocytosis) suggesting megaloblastic anaemia, 4.7% showed malaria parasites or other evidence of malaria such as pigment. 2.5% of films showed features raising the possibility of error in the automated counts. Reactive features were very common (57% of films). The 10 most common classes of film findings [see table 1] accounted for 75.8% of informative blood film reports. Conclusions: Routine peripheral blood film examination in a sub-Saharan African context provides a high yield of diagnostic information with minimal extra equipment requirement. A small number of common findings account for the majority of reports, suggesting that focussed training to identify these common abnormalities could have substantial benefits and could be implemented in a brief training programme. The variable compliance with the standard operating procedure suggests that staff confidence and enthusiasm may be the most important barriers to the incorporation of film reporting into routine practice. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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46

Johnson, Leah M., Heather J. Avens, Ryan R. Hansen, Holly L. Sewell, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Characterization of the Assaying Methods in Polymerization-Based Amplification of Surface Biomarkers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 8 (2009): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09095.

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Polymerization-based amplification (PBA), which combines bio-recognition events with polymerization reactions on surfaces, provides visual, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of biological interactions, particularly at extremely low levels of the targeted biological moiety. This study characterizes assay parameters that enhance the utility of PBA to detect nucleic acid and protein biomarkers. Here, we successfully employ PBA on surfaces that contain uniform, high density, immobilized capture molecules, including three-dimensional nitrocellulose-coated substrates. Optimized assay and polymerization conditions are used to characterize the dynamic polymer film heights on glass substrates that result from solutions of KRAS proto-oncogene biomarker targets at concentrations between 5 nM and 500 pM. Differing aqueous monomer formulations are utilized to produce 20 nm films at the 500 pM DNA detection limit.

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47

Hepel, Maria, and Haley Redmond. "Large cation model of dissociative reduction of electrochromic WO3−x films." Open Chemistry 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0009-z.

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AbstractStudies of dissociative reduction processes of electrochromic WO3−x films were conducted to: (i) evaluate their utility for electroetching and (ii) determine their fundamental mechanistic features to reduce or eliminate their occurrence in normal optical switching and modulation operation of WO3−x films. We have found that while the small intercalating cations stabilize WO3−x structure, the large nonintercalating surfactant cations (Et4N+, CtMe3N+) contribute to the dissociative reduction. While these cations do not affect WO3−x structure of anodically protected films (E > 0.2 V), they cause surface lattice polarization on electron injection to the conduction band of WO3−x at lower electrode potentials, in the absence of intercalating cations. We have found that this process is limited to the surface and no structural damage occurs to the underlying film. The mechanistic aspects of the process have been discussed on the basis of experimental voltammetric and electrochemical quartz crystal nanogravimetric (EQCN) measurements and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.

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48

Hill, Gavin, Celine Moreira, Florence Huynh, Ana Trufasila, Faith Ly, Richard Lloyd, Hasan Sawal, and Christopher J. Wallis. "Correlation of a Temperate UV-Weathering Cycle to Outdoor Exposure for the Determination of the Environmental Instability of Polyethylene Films Using HT-GPC Analysis." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040591.

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Accelerated UV-weathering cycles are predominately used for evaluating the durability of plastic materials, particularly polyethylene (PE) films. The point of failure for this testing is usually the loss of a physical property, such as the loss of tensile strength over time. For plastics designed to be instable under environmental conditions, the accelerated weathering cycles are yet to be defined and their correlation to outdoor exposure has yet to be made. This study demonstrates the utility of a newly defined temperate accelerated UV-weathering cycle, recently codified in the British Standard PAS 9017:2020. In addition, the effectiveness of the laboratory weathering cycle has been correlated to real-world outdoor exposure through simultaneous testing of the same samples at a specialist outdoor exposure site in Florida. The utility of the testing methodology and the performance of the polyethylene samples was demonstrated through the use of High Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography (HT-GPC) analysis. The data led to a detailed insight into the physico-chemical changes occurring in the PE films upon exposure to environmental stimuli. By comparison, and surprisingly, the techniques employed appear to provide an insight into the processes in which secondary micro-particles of PE are formed from macro-polyethylene samples. The temperate accelerated UV-weathering cycle over 14 days demonstrated an approximate correlation to 90 days of outdoor exposure in Florida for the PE film studied.

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49

Ofoegbu, Obinna, David Chukwuebuka Ike, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Hassan Fouad, Roongnapa S. Srichana, and Ian Nicholls. "Molecularly Imprinted Chitosan-Based Thin Films with Selectivity for Nicotine Derivatives for Application as a Bio-Sensor and Filter." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 3363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193363.

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This study reports the feasible use of chitosan as a thin film biosensor on the very sensitive quartz crystal micro balance system for detection of blends of multiple templates within a single matrix. The development of chitosan-based thin film materials with selectivity for nicotine derivatives is described. The molecular imprinting of a combination of nicotine derivatives in N-diacryloyl pipiradine-chitosan-methacrylic acid copolymer films on quartz crystal resonators was used to generate thin films with selectivity for nicotine and a range of nicotine analogues, particularly 3-phenylpyridine. The polymers were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic evaluations; surface area, pore size, pore volume using Breuner-Emmet-Teller method. Temperature characteristics were also studied. The swelling and structure consistency of the Chitosan was achieved by grafting with methylmethacrylic acid and cross-linking with N-diacrylol pipiradine. A blend of 0.002 g (0.04 mmol) of Chitosan, 8.5 μL Methylmethacrylic Acid and 1.0 mg N-diacrylol pipradine (BAP) presented the best blend formulation. Detections were made within a time interval of 99 s, and blend templates were detected at a concentration of 0.5 mM from the Quartz crystal microbalance resonator analysis. The successful crosslinking of the biopolymers ensured successful control of the swelling and agglomeration of the chitosan, giving it the utility potential for use as thin film sensor. This successful crosslinking also created successful dual multiple templating on the chitosan matrix, even for aerosolized templates. The products can be used in environments with temperature ranges between 60 °C and 250 °C.

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50

Gahlot, Ajay Pratap Singh, Ayushi Paliwal, and Avinashi Kapoor. "Exploitation of SnO2/Polypyrrole Interface for Detection of Ammonia Vapors Using Conductometric and Optical Techniques: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 7252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197252.

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This study describes the construction of a lab-built Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) system for gas sensing applications employing a highly sensitive and trustworthy optical approach. The nanocomposite thin film of tin oxide (SnO2) and Polypyrrole (PPy) were prepared for sensing highly toxic gas, i.e., ammonia (NH3) gas. The gas sensor was validated by both optical and conductometric techniques of gas sensing. The optical SPR gas sensor is based on the change in refractive index at the SnO2/Polypyrrole (PPy) interface with gas adsorption (NH3). The thickness of SnO2 and Polypyrrole thin films was optimised using theoretical calculations for a sharp SPR reflectance curve. The manuscript also offers theoretical SPR curves for different PPy and SnO2 layer thicknesses. To support the theoretical conclusions, the effects of NH3 gas on the prism/Au/SnO2/Polypyrrole system were also investigated experimentally. In comparison to other research described in the literature, it was observed that the constructed sensor’s sensitivity was higher. The obtained results demonstrate the utility of the SPR setup in the investigation of the interactions of adhered gas molecules with dielectrics and gas sensing. For conductometric gas sensing studies, the film having optimised thicknesses for sharp SPR reflectance curves was separately prepared on Interdigitated Electrodes. At a low working temperature of roughly 150 °C, the sensing response of the constructed film was observed and found to be maximal (60).

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