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Статті в журналах з теми "Utilisation des sols changement de l'occupation des sols"
N'Guessan Bi, Vami Hermann, Mahaman Bachir Saley, Narcisse Talla, Janvier Fotsing, Kouadio Affian, and Emmanuel Tonye. "Apport de la télédétection à l'analyse de la dynamique de l'occupation du sol à partir d'une utilisation couplée d'un modèle de Markov et d'un automate cellulaire. Cas du département de Sinfra (centre-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoi." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 204 (April 8, 2014): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2013.19.
Повний текст джерелаBillard, Cécile, Valéry Gond, Johan Oszwald, Xavier Arnauld de Sartre, and Benno Pokorny. "Trajectoires des pratiques agricoles paysannes en Amazonie." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 319, no. 319 (January 1, 2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.319.a20552.
Повний текст джерелаOszwald, Johan, Xavier Arnauld de Sartre, Thibaud Decaëns, Valéry Gond, Michel Grimaldi, Antoine Lefèbvre, Rafael Luis De Araujo Fretas, et al. "Utilisation de la télédétection et de données socio-économiques et écologiques pour comprendre l'impact des dynamiques de l'occupation des sols à Pacajà (Brésil)." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 198-199 (April 21, 2014): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2012.67.
Повний текст джерелаLajili-Ghezal, L. "Utilisation du modèle KINEROS pour la simulation des hydrogrammes et des turbidigrammes en zone semi-aride tunisienne." Revue des sciences de l'eau 17, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705532ar.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Janete Rego, José Carlos De Souza, and Fernando Moreira De Araújo. "A influência do relevo no processo de uso e ocupação do solo no município de Niquelândia/Goiás." Élisée - Revista de Geografia da UEG 11, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): e111223. http://dx.doi.org/10.31668/elisee.v11i1.12834.
Повний текст джерелаMouzouri, Mounia, Zoulikha Irzi, and Abdelhak Essaddek. "Utilisation d'imagerie satellitaire et d'un Modèle Numérique d'Altitude pour la cartographie des zones à risque d'inondation sur le littoral méditerranéen de Saïdia (Nord-est du Maroc)." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 201 (April 16, 2014): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2013.45.
Повний текст джерелаMasson, Pierre, Anne Gallet-Budynek, and Julian Guezenoc. "LIBS et XRF : deux techniques pour la mesure rapide des éléments nutritifs dans les sols." IVES Technical Reviews, vine and wine, November 12, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ives-tr.2020.4518.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Utilisation des sols changement de l'occupation des sols"
Maanan, Mehdi. "Impact des changements de l'occupation des sols sur l'état de l'environnement dans des écosystèmes côtiers : cas des lagunes d'Oualidia et de Moulay Bousselham (façade atlantique marocaine)." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3042.
Повний текст джерелаBonsu, Kofi. "Urban hierarchy and the analysis of spatial patterns : towards explicit fractal modelling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2021.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis aims to explore the potential of empirical results in identifying urban centers and subcenters by utilizing built-up data extracted from freely-available remote sensing images and fractal analyses. It addresses the challenge of data unavailability in this context. While various methods have been employed in literature, such as minimum cut-off point, spatial statistical methods, and hedonic price method, these are predominantly based on the local context of developed nations, with limited studies focused on developing nations due to data scarcity. This research seeks to fill this gap by investigating the effectiveness of fractal geometry in explicitly identifying urban centers and subcenters, characterizing their spatial organization for urban growth analysis, and delineating urban growth patterns based on the spatial arrangement of urban centers, subcenters, and primary transportation networks. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informed urban planning and infrastructure decisions. Using the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) as a case study, freely available satellite images spanning from 1991 to 2022 were downloaded and classified using various techniques including random forest, support vector machine, and simple linear iterative cluster (SLIC) with K-Means to extract built-up patterns. A longitudinal analysis was conducted to assess the impact of urban growth on biodiversity, revealing shifts in land cover composition with built-up areas increasingly dominating over vegetation, leading to habitat fragmentation. Land cover and landscape patterns for 2030 were successfully predicted, emphasizing the importance of landscape connectivity and habitat fragmentation in evaluating ecological processes and urban development impacts. Furthermore, multi-radial fractal analysis and mathematical morphology were employed to identify urban centers and subcenters from remote sensing data, based on fractal dimensions and spatial organization. A conceptual urban growth model was developed to visualize expected urban expansion patterns. These findings contribute significantly to the identification and spatial organization of urban centers and subcenters, particularly in cities lacking adequate statistical or geospatial data, especially in developing countries. Replicating this methodology could contribute to a more comprehensive global database on cities
Corgne, Samuel. "Modélisation prédictive de l'occupation des sols en contexte agricole intensif : application à la couverture hivernale des sols en Bretagne." Rennes 2, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005478.
Повний текст джерелаIn intensive agricultural regions, winter vegetation covering is a key indicator of water transfer processes. Its prediction can help local decision making for restoring water quality. The objective of this work is to develop a reproducible method to predict the land cover distribution for the following winter season for the two hypotheses "Bare soils" and "Covered soils". The selected modelling approach is based on an expert model using the Dempster-Shafer rule. Results are ambivalent according to the studied hypothesis. The prediction scores are good at the watershed scale but present limits for allocating the land class at a field scale, especially for the "Bare soils" class. The Dezert-Smarandache theory is then applied and increases the prediction scores for the "Bare soils" class. The reproductibility of the modelling approach is then evaluated in applying the model on another study site. The "Bare soils" class remains well evaluated with both fusion rules, but the spatial allocation of the land class at a field scale is still not well managed, that indicates the need to integrate new sources of information in the model to better predict the future land allocation
NACEUR, MOHAMED SABER. "Fusion de donnees satellitales pour la cartographie et l'occupation des sols en milieu semi-aride." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5343.
Повний текст джерелаBalestrat, Maud. "Système d'indicateurs spatialisés pour la gouvernance territoriale : application à l'occupation de sols en zone périurbaine languedocienne." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30021/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, suburbanization phenomena impose to think the conditions for sustainable urban development. In the Languedoc region, in a context of a strong demographic attractiveness, fast and uncontrolled urbanization happens at the expense of the most productive farmland in the region, on the coastal plain. The evolution of social demands, as well as issues around food security on a world scale, raise the question how suburban planning policies deal with the agricultural land issue. In order to objectify discussions and support the decisions, the agricultural authorities have expressed an urgent need for spatial indicators. The objective of this thesis is to propose an approach to co-build a system of indicators so as to monitor the land urbanization process. Systems modeling and iterative consultation were chosen as the appropriate approaches to lead the making up process and the selection of indicators. This research revisits the DPSIR model by adapting it to the concept of territorial system and proposes to organize the participation of stakeholders to ensure legitimacy for the use of indicators. The method application, part of the operational requirements, covers the production and availability online of a structured set of 141 spatial indicators linking the evolution of land assets and the one of the languedocian “artificialized patch”
Pelletier, Charlotte. "Cartographie de l'occupation des sols à partir de séries temporelles d'images satellitaires à hautes résolutions : identification et traitement des données mal étiquetées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30241/document.
Повний текст джерелаLand surface monitoring is a key challenge for diverse applications such as environment, forestry, hydrology and geology. Such monitoring is particularly helpful for the management of territories and the prediction of climate trends. For this purpose, mapping approaches that employ satellite-based Earth Observations at different spatial and temporal scales are used to obtain the land surface characteristics. More precisely, supervised classification algorithms that exploit satellite data present many advantages compared to other mapping methods. In addition, the recent launches of new satellite constellations - Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 - enable the acquisition of satellite image time series at high spatial and spectral resolutions, that are of great interest to describe vegetation land cover. These satellite data open new perspectives, but also interrogate the choice of classification algorithms and the choice of input data. In addition, learning classification algorithms over large areas require a substantial number of instances per land cover class describing landscape variability. Accordingly, training data can be extracted from existing maps or specific existing databases, such as crop parcel farmer's declaration or government databases. When using these databases, the main drawbacks are the lack of accuracy and update problems due to a long production time. Unfortunately, the use of these imperfect training data lead to the presence of mislabeled training instance that may impact the classification performance, and so the quality of the produced land cover map. Taking into account the above challenges, this Ph.D. work aims at improving the classification of new satellite image time series at high resolutions. The work has been divided into two main parts. The first Ph.D. goal consists in studying different classification systems by evaluating two classification algorithms with several input datasets. In addition, the stability and the robustness of the classification methods are discussed. The second goal deals with the errors contained in the training data. Firstly, methods for the detection of mislabeled data are proposed and analyzed. Secondly, a filtering method is proposed to take into account the mislabeled data in the classification framework. The objective is to reduce the influence of mislabeled data on the classification performance, and thus to improve the produced land cover map
Valin, Hugo. "Changements d'usage des sols, marchés agricoles et environnement." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0011/document.
Повний текст джерелаLand use change is estimated to have generated 17% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the 2000s, a large part coming from deforestation. The main driver of these emissions is expansion of agricultural activities, for the need of local development in tropical regions. However, they have also been caused by the dynamics of globalisation which has stimulated agricultural trade flows. Thus, today, there are new concerns with respect to how agricultural policies are influencing land use changes in other parts of the world through international market responses. In this work I consider three concrete illustrations of where these effects can be of significant magnitude: i) agriculture intensification in developing countries, ii) trade agreements, and iii) biofuel policies. I find that for each of these policies, market responses are likely to play a significant role in the final greenhouse gas emission balance. Mitigation of emissions through agricultural intensification could have quite beneficial outcomes, but the rebound effect on the demand side would offset a large part of greenhouse gas emission savings attributable to the land sparing effect. With the example of a possible EU-MERCOSUR trade agreement, I also show the adverse effect of liberalising certain specific agricultural products closely connected to land use change dynamics without adequate accompanying measures. Last, the indirect land use change effect of biofuels is likely to offset a large part of their alleged GHG emission savings. Land use change responses depend on many behavioural parameters, however, and providing precise estimates constitutes a challenge. I use different modelling approaches to quantify their magnitude and extensively explore the level of confidence on the basis of current state of econometric findings.New approaches should be elaborated to take account of this externality in public policy assessments, together with an appropriate consideration of the uncertainty ranges associated with these effects
Boisier, Juan Pablo. "Évaluer les impacts robustes du changement d'usage des sols sur le climat des 150 dernières années et sur le climat projeté pour le siècle prochain." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/78/79/72/PDF/Manuscrit_final_these_Boisier.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLand-use change (LUC) is an important climate forcing due to the underlying alterations of the properties of the soil-vegetation system. However, the knowledge of these biogeophysical impacts of LUC is middling, notably due to the large number of processes involved. By means of model intercomparison and other approaches specifically developed, this study aims to identify the robust climate signals of LUC as well as to assess the associated uncertainties. LUC since the preindustrial period has led to extensive deforestation in the northern temperate regions and therefore to increases in surface albedo. The amplitude of this impact and the role of the non-radiative effects in summer are still quite uncertain within the model results. These uncertainties respond (1) to the way LUC is implemented in land surface models (LSMs) and (2) to the intrinsic model sensitivities to LUC. We show that the second point could explain more than 50% of the inter-model dispersion in key variables for the surface climate such as the evapotranspiration. We therefore developed statistical tools to reconstruct the impacts of LUC on the surface albedo and the evapotranspiration using present-day observations and the land-cover maps prescribed in the LSMs here assessed. The analyses carried out here show that current uncertainties in the climate impacts of LUC are in major part the result of the land-surface parameterizations used in climate models and, hence, could be reduced with a more thoroughly evaluation of LSMs
Boisier, Juan Pablo. "Évaluer les impacts robustes du changement d'usage des sols sur le climat des 150 dernières années et sur le climat projeté pour le siècle prochain." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787972.
Повний текст джерелаDa, Costa Gomes Eduardo Jonas. "Modéliser l'occupation du sol au prisme des intentions des agriculteurs : une approche à base d'agents." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H044.
Повний текст джерелаLand Use and Cover Change (LUCC) occurs as a consequence of both natural and human activities, causing impacts on biophysical and agricultural resources. In enlarged urban regions, the major changes are those that occur from agriculture to urban uses. Urban uses compete with rural ones due among others, to population growth and housing demand. This competition and the rapid nature of change can lead to fragmented and scattered land use development generating new challenges, for example, concerning food security, soil and biodiversity preservation, among others. Landowners play a key role in LUCC. In peri-urban contexts, three interrelated key actors are pre-eminent in LUCC complex process: 1) investors or developers, who are waiting to take advantage of urban development to obtain the highest profit margin. They rely on population growth, housing demand and spatial planning strategies; 2) farmers, who are affected by urban development and intend to capitalise on their investment, or farmers who own property for amenity and lifestyle values; 3) and at a broader scale, land use planners/ decision-makers. (…) To model LUCC a CA-Markov, an ANN-multilayer perceptron, and an ABM approach were applied. Our results suggest that significant LUCC will occur depending on farmers’ intentions in different scenarios. The highlights are: (1) the highest growth in permanently irrigated land in the A1 scenario; (2) the most significant drop in non-irrigated arable land, and the highest growth in the forest and semi-natural areas in the A2 scenario; and (3) the greatest urban growth was recognised in the B0 scenario. To verify if the fitting simulations performed well, statistical analysis to measure agreement and quantity-allocation disagreements and a participatory workshop with local stakeholders to validate the achieved results were applied. These outcomes could provide decision-makers with the capacity to observe different possible futures in ‘what if’ scenarios, allowing them to anticipate future uncertainties, and consequently allowing them the possibility to choose the more desirable future
Книги з теми "Utilisation des sols changement de l'occupation des sols"
Changements de l'occupation du sol dans le sud du Québec pour la période 1993-2001. Sainte-Foy, Qué: Service canadien de la faune, 2007.
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