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Статті в журналах з теми "Urine recycling"
Gerding, Johannes, Claudia Peters, Wolfgang Wegscheider, Johanna Stranzinger, Frederik Lessmann, Katrin Pitzke, Volker Harth, Udo Eickmann, and Albert Nienhaus. "Metal exposure of workers during recycling of electronic waste: a cross-sectional study in sheltered workshops in Germany." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 94, no. 5 (January 24, 2021): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01651-9.
Повний текст джерелаNoe-Hays, Abraham, Kim Nace, Neil Patel, Rebecca Lahr, Heather Goetsch, Rachel Mullen, Nancy Love, et al. "Urine Diversion for Nutrient Recovery and Micropollutant Management: Results from a Regional Urine Recycling Program." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 19 (January 1, 2015): 3993–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819538921.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Mian, Yonggang Liu, Huipan Yu, Xiaowei Meng, Pengpeng Liu, Honggui Zhang, and Jianwei Zhang. "A Potential Method for Recycling of Gastrodin Separated from Urine." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 8 (2013): 4603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.14251.
Повний текст джерелаFENG, D., Z. WU, and S. XU. "Nitrification of human urine for its stabilization and nutrient recycling." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 14 (September 2008): 6299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.007.
Повний текст джерелаMoreira, Aline Paiva, Fernando Jorge Correa Magalhaes Filho, and Paula Loureiro Paulo. "Are human urine recycling technologies becoming a worldwide trend in Agri-Food sector? A review by bibliometric analysis from 1999 to 2020." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 17 (December 20, 2021): e41101724143. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i17.24143.
Повний текст джерелаShkembi, Abas, Kowit Nambunmee, Siripond Jindaphong, Denisse Parra-Giordano, Karla Yohannessen, Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph, Richard L. Neitzel, and Aubrey Arain. "Work Task Association with Lead Urine and Blood Concentrations in Informal Electronic Waste Recyclers in Thailand and Chile." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 10580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010580.
Повний текст джерелаDox, Kris, Renz Pareijn, Maarten Everaert, and Erik Smolders. "Phosphorus recycling from urine using layered double hydroxides: A kinetic study." Applied Clay Science 182 (December 2019): 105255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105255.
Повний текст джерелаWuang, Ren, Jin Pengkang, Liang Chenggang, Wang Xiaochang, and Zhang Lei. "A study on the migration and transformation law of nitrogen in urine in municipal wastewater transportation and treatment." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 1072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.336.
Повний текст джерелаFittschen, Imke, and Hermann H. Hahn. "Characterization of the municipal wastewaterpart human urine and a preliminary comparison with liquid cattle excretion." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 6 (September 1, 1998): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0231.
Повний текст джерелаUdert, K. M., T. A. Larsen, and W. Gujer. "Fate of major compounds in source-separated urine." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.921.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Urine recycling"
De, Paepe Jolien. "Urine recycling technologies for a circular future within and beyond terrestrial boundaries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672515.
Повний текст джерелаEl objetivo de esta tesis es el desarrollo de tecnologías para el reciclado de orina que sean eficientes en el uso de recursos y que i) se puedan implementar en sistemas de soporte de vida, como el Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative de la Agencia Europea del Espacio o ii) que puedan ser utilizados en la Tierra como sistemas de tratamiento de orina locales/distribuidos. Como los recursos son limitados en el Espacio, el objetivo ha sido alcanzar la máxima recuperación de nutrientes con el mínimo coste energético y la utilización de los materiales para reducir las cargas másicas y minimizar la necesidad de reabastecimiento. Para ello se han investigado y puesto a punto distintas alternativas de proceso combinando etapas biológicas y físico-químicas.
Human presence in outer space is currently supported by regular resupply of life support consumables from Earth. However, deep-space exploration or space habitation will depend on regenerative life support systems (RLSS) for in-situ oxygen, water and food production and waste management as resupply becomes practically impossible due to the long distance and transit time. Urine recycling is of key interest in RLSS to recover water and nutrients, which can serve as a fertiliser for plants and microalgae. Urine source separation and recycling also gains attention on Earth to shorten terrestrial nutrient cycles, which play a pivotal role in our food supply, but are currently pushed to their planetary boundaries by extensive synthetic fertiliser production and use. Nutrient recovery from waste streams could reduce the need for energy intensive ammonia production and mining of non-renewable phosphorus and potassium, and obviate the need for advanced nutrient removal to protect the environment. Amongst other streams, urine is targeted, as it presents the major nutrient source in domestic wastewater and has good fertilising properties. Other benefits stemming from urine source separation include the reduced water consumption for flushing and the decreased nutrient load and better effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants. The goal of this PhD thesis was to develop resource-efficient urine recycling technologies that i) can be implemented in RLSS, such as the Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative from the European Space Agency or, ii) used for on-site/decentralised urine treatment on Earth. As resources are scarce in space, the goal was to achieve maximum nutrient recovery with minimum energy expenditure and use of consumables in order to reduce payloads and to minimise the need for resupply. Different urine treatment trains combining biological and physico-chemical processes were investigated. Urine contains many valuable compounds, but the compositional complexity and instability present challenges for urine collection and treatment. Urea, the main nitrogen compound in urine, quickly hydrolyses into ammonia and (bi)carbonate, causing nutrient losses, odour nuisance, scaling and clogging by uncontrolled precipitation, and ammonia volatilisation. Therefore, an alkalinisation step was included to prevent ureolysis and to remove calcium and magnesium by controlled precipitation, thereby minimising the risk for scaling in the following treatment steps. In Chapter 2 and 3, NaOH was used to increase the pH of fresh urine, whereas Chapter 4 investigated the use of an electrochemical cell to avoid base consumption, the logistics associated with base storage and dosing, and the associated increase in salinity. Nitrification was applied to convert instable urea and/or volatile and toxic TAN into non-volatile nitrate in Chapter 2, 3 and 5. Three different reactors were employed: a pilot scale MBBR, a bench scale MABR and a bench scale MBBR. The MABR was preceded by a microbial electrolysis cell to remove the COD prior to nitrification. Full urine nitrification is preferred over partial nitrification because of the higher process stability and safety, but requires additional alkalinity to compensate for the proton release by nitrification. In Chapter 5, the nitrification reactor was coupled to a dynamically controlled electrochemical cell for in-situ OH- production as an alternative to base addition, enabling full nitrification. Nitrified urine can be applied as a fertiliser, but the nutrient concentrations are low compared to synthetic fertilisers. Hence, for terrestrial applications, a concentration step is preferred. Chapter 2 explored the feasibility of ED to concentrate nutrients, whereas, in Chapter 5, the electrochemical cell for pH control also functioned as concentration technology. Alternatively, nitrified urine can be valorised as culture medium for microalgae, which was investigated in Chapter 6.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biotecnologia
Niwagaba, Charles. "Treatment technologies for human faeces and urine /." Uppsala : Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200970.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAdolfsson, David. "Diverting human urine from outhouses into agriculture in Nicaragua : for sanitation, fertilizer and recycling purposes." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33221.
Повний текст джерелаLa orina humana es un recurso valioso que tiene un buen potencial para ser utilizado como fertilizante en el mundo entero. En los países en vías de desarrollo, el saneamiento y la seguridad alimentaria son dos temas que necesitan atención urgente. Un inodoro de separación de orina puede ser construido con una inversión mínima en el contexto Nicaragüense, y el uso de la orina como fertilizante puede ayudar a establecer mayores rendimientos y es una buena alternativa a los fertilizantes químicos. Este experimento de campo está probando esto en la práctica en el contexto de Nicaragua rural, para determinar la diferencia en crecimiento entre dos cultivos con y sin fertilización de orina. Para este estudio se seleccionó el frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris) y la Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) El rendimiento de frijol fue dos veces mayor después de la fertilización de la orina y el Chaya reaccionó positivamente a la fertilización de la orina. Para fines de separación de orina, se construyeron dos separadores diferentes en el sitio para mostrar los beneficios con la separación de la orina de las heces, creando un menor volumen de letrina y un mejor saneamiento. Los riesgos asociados con la orina humana son bajos si la orina se separa con seguridad para evitar la contaminación cruzada de las heces. Si se adopta un sistema de barrera de seguridad, los riesgos generales con el uso de orina como fertilizante son insignificantes. El potencial de propagación de la separación de orina y la fertilización en Nicaragua rural es alto, pero se necesitan más experimentos y demostraciones para llegar a los usuarios de la tecnología.
2017-06-02
Höglund, Caroline. "Evaluation of microbial health risks associated with the reuse of source-separated humna urine." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Biotechnology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3090.
Повний текст джерелаHuman excreta contain plant nutrients and have the potentialto be used as a fertiliser in agriculture. Urine contributesthe major proportion of the nutrients (N, P and K) in domesticwastewater whereas faeces contribute a smaller amount andinvolves greater health risks if reused due to the possiblepresence of enteric pathogens. Human urine does not generallycontain pathogens that can be transmitted through theenvironment.
Source-separation of urine and faeces is possible by usingurine-separating (or urine-diverting) toilets, available assimple dry toilets or porcelain flush toilets with dividedbowls. The risk for transmission of disease when handling andreusing the urine is largely dependent on thecross-contamination by faeces. In this research, the presenceof human faeces in urine samples was successfully determined byanalysing for faecal sterols. Cross-contamination was evidentin 22% of the samples from urine collection tanks, and in thesequantified to an average (± SD) of 9.1 ± 5.6 mgfaeces per litre urine. Testing for indicator bacteria wasshown to be an unsuitable method for determining faecalcontamination in human urine sinceE. colihad a rapid inactivation in the urine and faecalstreptococci were found to grow within the system.
The fate of any enteric pathogens present in urine iscrucial for the risk for transmission of infectious diseases.Gram-negative bacteria (e.g.SalmonellaandE. coli) were rapidly inactivated (time for 90%reduction, T90<5 days) in source-separated urine at itsnatural pH-value of 9. Gram-positive faecal streptococci weremore persistent with a T90of approximately 30 days. Clostridia sporenumbers were not reduced at all during 80 days. Similarly,rhesusrotavirus andSalmonella typhimuriumphage 28B were not inactivated inurine at low temperature (5°C), whereas at 20°C theirT90-values were 35 and 71 days, respectively.Cryptosporidiumoocysts were less persistent with a T90of 29 days at 4°C. Factors that affect thepersistence of microorganisms in source-separated human urineinclude temperature, pH, dilution and presence of ammonia.
By using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA), therisks for bacterial and protozoan infections related tohandling and reuse of urine were calculated to be<10-3for all exposure routes independent of the urinestorage time and temperature evaluated. The risk for viralinfection was higher, calculated at 0.56 for accidentalingestion of 1 ml of unstored urine. If the urine was stored at20°C for 6 months the risk for viral infection was reducedto 5.4 × 10-4.
By following recommendations for storage and reuse, whichare dependent on the type of crop to be fertilised, it ispossible to significantly decrease the risk for infections. Sofar, the level of risk that is acceptable is unknown. Theacceptable risk will be one of the main factors determining thefuture utilisation of source-separated human urine inagriculture.
Keywords:urine-separation, urine, wastewater systems,wastewater reuse, recycling, enteric pathogens, faecal sterols,indicator bacteria, hygiene risks, microbial persistence,microbial risk assessment, QMRA, fertiliser, crop.
Nordin, Annika. "Ammonia based sanitation technology : safe plant nutrient recovery from source separated human excreta /." Uppsala : Department of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10626290.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBorgestedt, Helena, and Ingela Svanäng. "Towards Sustainable Phosphorus Management : Material Flow Analysis of phosphorus in Gothenburg and ways to establish nutrient recycling by improving urban wastewater systems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159721.
Повний текст джерелаNäringsämnet fosfor är nödvändigt för alla levande organismer och kan inte ersättas av något annat grundämne. Den globala fosforcykeln är speciell då den inte innehåller några gasformiga föreningar och sluts var 10-100 miljonte år. Användning av konstgödsel, omvandling av tidigare orörda ekosystem till odlingsmark och utsläppav förorenat avfall är exempel på mänskliga aktiviteter som intensifierar fosforflöden. Problemet med att linjäraflöden av denna begränsade resurs leder till övergödning av vattenmiljöer har genererat nationella miljömål i Sverige för fosfor. Det huvudsakliga målet med detta examensarbete är att få en översikt av hur fosfor rör sig genom Göteborg idag med hjälp av substansflödesanalys. Den rumsliga systemgränsen är kommungränsen för Göteborg och den tidsmässiga avgränsningen är året 2009. Ett sätt att förbättra de linjära fosforflödena kan vara att utveckla deavloppssystem som idag används i Göteborg. Förändringarna som uppstår i fosforflödena vid installation av urinsorterande toaletter alternativt köksavfallskvarnar undersöks. Linjära flöden måste bli återcirkulerade i en högre utsträckning än idag ifall fosforhushållningen ska gå mot hållbarhet. Ett sätt att nå denna ambition är att lyfta fram andra gödselprodukter än konstgödsel, exempelvis urin och renare slam. Flödesanalysen visar att det definitivt största inflödet av fosfor till Göteborg är via livsmedel. De två största fosforutflödena, båda i samma storleksordning, är rötat slam från Ryaverket och aska från sopförbränningsanläggningen Sävenäs. Cirka 7% av den fosfor som flödar in i Göteborg fortsätter vidare ut i vattenmiljön. Enligt denna studie verkar urinsortering och separat insamling av matavfall vara goda lösningar för en framtid med mindre fosfor i slammet från Rya och i aska samt till vattenmiljön. En ytterligare fördel skulle vara erhållandet av hållbara gödselprodukter med god kvalitet.
This master thesis has also been published as a technical report at Chalmers with Report No. 2011:124.
Steinig, Wenzel. "Shit and piss : An environmental history of the meaning and management of human excrement in densely populated areas and urban regions, with a focus on agriculture and public health issues." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302730.
Повний текст джерелаTidåker, Pernilla. "Integrating farming and wastewater management : a system perspective /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200785.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHou, Yi-Chen, and 侯怡辰. "Human Urine Water Recycling Cyanobacteria Bio-Reactor." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w457q8.
Повний текст джерела國立臺東大學
生命科學系碩士班
100
Pilot series small size cyanobacteria bio-reactors were tested to treat human urine successfully. This system immobilized cyanobacteria on pieces of gauze mesh. Meshes inserted in transparent plastic tanks. Tanks filled with water. Between each tank, there were two connecting plastic tubes; one tube used to deliver water into the bottom of the adjacent tank from the previous tank, another tube used to deliver water out from the adjacent tank top to the next tank. The system was set on a gentle slope land; hence the water might deliver by gravity. After six times immobilized cyanobacteria meshes bio-adsorption, the urine became re-useable water with a lower quality than drinking water. This easy operation, cost effective urine water recycling system may be used in spaceship long time travel biological life support system or under developed rural areas. The produced edible cyanobacteria may be used as animal feed.
Wieslaw, Jan Zielinski. "Evaluation of Wastewaters to Provide Optimum Water and Nutrient Products for Growing Turf and Native Plants." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29727/.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Urine recycling"
Chiras, Dan. Scoop on Poop: Safely Capturing and Recycling the Nutrients in Greywater, Humanure, and Urine. New Society Publishers, Limited, 2016.
Знайти повний текст джерелаChiras, Dan. Scoop on Poop: Safely Capturing and Recycling the Nutrients in Greywater, Humanure, and Urine. New Society Publishers, Limited, 2016.
Знайти повний текст джерелаChiras, Dan. The Scoop on Poop: Safely Capturing and Recycling the Nutrients in Greywater, Humanure, and Urine. New Society Publishers, 2016.
Знайти повний текст джерела1923-, Bockris J. O'M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Modern biofuel cells for waste recycling in life support systems: Annual report, September 1989. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Urine recycling"
Krause, Ariane. "Valuing Waste – A Multi-method Analysis of the Use of Household Refuse from Cooking and Sanitation for Soil Fertility Management in Tanzanian Smallholdings." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 91–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_5.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Urine recycling"
Reh, C., and D. Kang. "402. Mercury Exposures and Urine Mercury Concentrations Among Workers in a Household Battery Recycling Facility." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765083.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Woo Hyoung, Jae-Hoon Hwang, Saisaban Fahad, Hodon Ryu, Kelsey L. Rodriguez, Jorge Santo Domingo, and Akihiro Kushima. "Recycling Urine for Hydrogen Production in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) System Using a Novel Mos2 Nano Carbon Coated Electrode s." In The 7th World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icepr21.002.
Повний текст джерела