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Статті в журналах з теми "Urine Analysis"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 березня 2023

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1

Starcher, Barry, and Marti Scott. "Fractionation of Urine to Allow Desmosine Analysis by Radioimmunoassay." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 29, no. 1 (January 1992): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329202900111.

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The present study was designed to re-evaluate the radioimmunoassay for desmosine in urine, which is currently used as a measure of elastin metabolism. Using ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and affinity chromatography it was shown that at least five other compounds in hydrolysates of human urine competed for desmosine in the RIA. Fractionating the urine prior to hydrolysis with acetone removed one of the major contaminants. The other contaminants could subsequently be removed by extracting the urine hydrolysate with a mixture of chloroform/ethanol (60:40). Samples from nine normal adult urines showed that an average of 45% of the RIA competing material in unfractionated urine was not desmosine. The final extracted residue retained all of the desmosine and only 16% of the original solids. The average adult urine contains approximately 50 pmol desmosine/mg creatinine, reflecting a daily turnover of between 3 and 4 mg of elastin per day.

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2

Örd, Lenna, Toomas Marandi, Marit Märk, Leonid Raidjuk, Jelena Kostjuk, Valdas Banys, Karit Krause, and Marika Pikta. "Evaluation of DOAC Dipstick Test for Detecting Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Urine Compared with a Clinically Relevant Plasma Threshold Concentration." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 28 (January 2022): 107602962210843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10760296221084307.

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Measuring direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) concentrations might be necessary in certain clinical situations but is not routinely performed. The DOAC Dipstick is a new rapid test for detecting DOACs in urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible uses and limitations of the DOAC Dipstick and to compare visual analysis and DOASENSE Reader analysis of DOAC Dipstick pads. Plasma and urine samples were collected from 23 patients taking DOACs. DOAC concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by chromogenic substrate assays and in urine also by the DOAC Dipstick. Plasma concentrations were dichotomized at a threshold of ≥30 ng/mL. Patient samples were compared with samples from control individuals not using anticoagulants (n = 10) and with DOASENSE control urines. The Combur-10 test was used to measure parameters that may affect urine color and hence the interpretation of the DOAC Dipstick result. DOAC Dipstick test results were positive in 21/23 patient urine samples at a plasma DOAC concentration of ≥30 ng/mL and in 2/23 patient urine samples at a plasma DOAC concentration of <30 ng/mL. Inter-observer agreement was above 90% for visual analysis of patient urine samples and was 100% for DOASENSE Reader analysis of patient urines and for analysis of control group urines and DOASENSE control urines. Abnormalities in urine color detected by the Combur-10 test did not affect the DOAC Dipstick results. DOAC Dipstick detects DOACs in urine at a plasma threshold of ≥30 ng/mL. Positive DOAC Dipstick results should be confirmed by measuring DOAC plasma concentration.

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3

Clark, D. R., and T. M. Hajar. "Detection and confirmation of cocaine use by chromatographic analysis for methylecgonine in urine." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.1.118.

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Abstract Methylecgonine is a common metabolite of cocaine in man. We prepared methylecgonine and developed thin-layer chromatographic and gas-chromatographic methods for its detection in urine. Seventy urine specimens from our drug screening laboratory were tested by our method and by EMIT. Both methods were positive for 26 urines, and both were negative for 42 urines. The other two urines were shown to contain cocaine by GC/MS, and no detectable metabolites. We thus demonstrated that detection of methylecgonine and cocaine is as sensitive a test for cocaine use as EMIT.

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4

Peelen, G. O., J. G. de Jong, and R. A. Wevers. "HPLC analysis of oligosaccharides in urine from oligosaccharidosis patients." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.6.914.

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Abstract Analysis of urinary oligosaccharides by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is used as screening procedure for 10 different lysosomal diseases. We tested the usefulness of HPLC in screening, using a CarboPac PA1 column (Dionex), pulsed amperometric detection (PAD), and post-column derivatization (PCD). Patterns from six types of oligosaccharidoses were compared with normal urinary patterns and with the TLC patterns. PAD appeared to be nonspecific and therefore is applicable only to desalted urine samples. PCD was more specific and applicable to nondesalted urine samples, albeit with a lower resolving power. Peaks in urines from oligosaccharidoses patients were identified on the basis of retention times of commercially available oligosaccharides or TLC bands after isolation and HPLC of the corresponding oligosaccharides. Abnormal oligosaccharide peaks were seen in urines from patients with alpha-mannosidosis, GM1-gangliosidosis (juvenile), GM2-gangliosidosis (Sandhoff disease), Pompe disease, and beta-mannosidosis. HPLC detected no abnormal oligosaccharides in urine from patients with fucosidosis. Although TLC is a simple and reliable screening procedure for detecting classical lysosomal diseases with oligosaccharide excretion, HPLC, by its higher resolution and possibility of quantification, can more generally be used for recognition of abnormal oligosaccharides or detection of increased excretion or content for known oligosaccharides in urine, other body fluids, and cells.

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5

Monferdini, Donna, Margaret Joinville, and William Grove. "Improving Urine Sediment Analysis." Laboratory Medicine 26, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/26.10.660.

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6

Hamid Saad Mohmoud1, Marai. "Dipstick urine analysis screening among asymptomatic dogs of k9 units." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 42, no. 1 (2018): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/011.

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7

van Kuilenburg, André B. P., Henk van Lenthe, Monika Löffler, and Albert H. van Gennip. "Analysis of Pyrimidine Synthesis “de Novo” Intermediates in Urine and Dried Urine Filter- Paper Strips with HPLC–Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.038869.

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Abstract Background: The concentrations of the pyrimidine “de novo” metabolites and their degradation products in urine are useful indicators for the diagnosis of an inborn error of the pyrimidine de novo pathway or a urea-cycle defect. Until now, no procedure was available that allowed the analysis of all of these metabolites in a single analytical run. We describe a rapid, specific method to measure these metabolites by HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry. Methods: Urine or urine-soaked filter-paper strips were used to measure N-carbamyl-aspartate, dihydroorotate, orotate, orotidine, uridine, and uracil. Reversed-phase HPLC was combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and detection was performed by multiple-reaction monitoring. Stable-isotope-labeled reference compounds were used as internal standards. Results: All pyrimidine de novo metabolites and their degradation products were measured within a single analytical run of 14 min with lower limits of detection of 0.4–3 μmol/L. The intra- and interassay variation for urine with added compounds was 1.2–5% for urines and 2–9% for filter-paper extracts of the urines. Recoveries of the added metabolites were 97–106% for urine samples and 97–115% for filter-paper extracts of the urines. Analysis of urine samples from patients with a urea-cycle defect or pyrimidine degradation defect showed an aberrant metabolic profile when compared with controls. Conclusion: HPLC with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry allows rapid testing for disorders affecting the pyrimidine de novo pathway. The use of filter-paper strips could facilitate collection, transport, and storage of urine samples.

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8

Moreno, Ana María Jiménez, and María José Navas Sánchez. "Luminol Chemiluminescence in Urine Analysis." Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 41, no. 6 (December 2006): 549–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05704920600899980.

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9

Lin, Chun-Che, Chin-Chung Tseng, Tsung-Kai Chuang, Der-Seang Lee, and Gwo-Bin Lee. "Urine analysis in microfluidic devices." Analyst 136, no. 13 (2011): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1an15029d.

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10

Jandke, Joachim, and Gerhard Spiteller. "Dipeptide analysis in human urine." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 382 (January 1986): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83502-1.

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11

Carey, John L. "Urine protein analysis: An overview." Clinical Immunology Newsletter 10, no. 7 (July 1990): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-1859(90)90039-b.

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12

SERA, K., Y. MIURA, and S. FUTATSUGAWA. "APPLICATION OF A STANDARD-FREE METHOD TO QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF URINE SAMPLES." International Journal of PIXE 11, no. 03n04 (January 2001): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083501000207.

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A standard-free method of quantitative analysis, which is based on the fact that the total yield of continuous x-rays from the sample approximately corresponds to effective weight of the sample, was developed and has been applied to some typical bio-samples such as serum, whole blood, hair and untreated bone. In this work, the standard-free method was applied to untreated urine samples. This method allows us to perform sample preparation only by dropping 5 μl of urine sample onto a backing film. It requires neither a large amount of urine nor the internal standard. As the results, values of concentration of potassium for 4 samples agree well with the value obtained by the internal standard method within an error of 10%. The present method was also applied to 21 urine samples containing excess amount of urinary protein and / or sugar, and it is found that the present method is applicable to such abnormal urines. Owing to this method, target preparation can be performed at the place and time of sampling. It is quite convenient to environmental studies.

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13

Al Ayoubi, Manar, Mohammad Salman, Lucia Gambacorta, Nada El Darra, and Michele Solfrizzo. "Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Ochratoxin A in Lebanese Students and Its Urinary Biomarker Analysis." Toxins 13, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110795.

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The present study investigated the dietary and urinary OTA occurrence among 44 Lebanese children. Relying on HPLC-FLD analysis, OTA was found in all the urine samples and in 46.5% and 25% of the 24 h duplicate diet and dinner samples, respectively. The means of OTA levels in positive samples were 0.32 ± 0.1 ng/g in 24 h diet, 0.32 ± 0.18 ng/g in dinner and 0.022 ± 0.012 ng/mL in urines. These values corresponded to margin of exposure (MOE) means of 7907 ± 5922 (neoplastic) and 2579 ± 1932 (non-neoplastic) calculated from positive 24 h diet, while 961 ± 599 (neoplastic) and 313 ± 195 (non-neoplastic) calculated from the urine. Since the MOE levels for the neoplastic effect were below the limit (10,000), a major health threat was detected and must be addressed as a health institutions’ priority. Besides, the wide difference between PDIs and MOEs calculated from food and urine suggests conducting further OTA’s toxicokinetics studies before using urine to measure OTA exposure.

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14

Degen, Gisela H., Jörg Reinders, Martin Kraft, Wolfgang Völkel, Felicia Gerull, Rafael Burghardt, Silvia Sievering, et al. "Citrinin Exposure in Germany: Urine Biomarker Analysis in Children and Adults." Toxins 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010026.

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Citrinin (CIT), a mycotoxin known to exert nephrotoxicity, is a contaminant in food and feed. Since CIT contamination is not regularly analyzed, data on its occurrence and especially levels in food commodities are insufficient for conducting a conventional exposure assessment. Yet, human biomonitoring, i.e., an analysis of CIT and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) in urine samples allows to estimate exposure. This study investigated CIT exposure in young (2–14 years) and adult (24–61 years) residents of three federal states in Germany. A total of 179 urine samples from children and 142 from adults were collected and analyzed by a targeted LC-MS/MS based method for presence of CIT and DH-CIT. At least one of the biomarkers was detected and quantified in all urines, which indicated a widespread dietary exposure to the mycotoxin in Germany. Interestingly, the biomarker concentrations of CITtotal (sum of CIT and DH-CIT) were higher in children’s urine (range 0.05–7.62 ng/mL; median of 0.54 ng/mL) than in urines from adults (range 0.04–3.5 ng/mL; median 0.3 ng/mL). The biomarker levels (CITtotal) of individual urines served to calculate the probable daily CIT intake, for comparison to a value of 0.2 µg/kg bw/day defined as ‘level of no concern for nephrotoxicity’ by the European Food Safety Authority. The median exposure of German adults was 0.013 µg/kg b.w., with only one urine donor exceeding this provisional tolerable daily intake (pTDI) for CIT. The median exposure of children was 0.05 µg/kg bw per day (i.e., 25% of the pTDI); however, CIT exposure in 12 individuals (6.3% of our study group) exceeded the limit value, with a maximum intake of 0.46 µg/kg b.w. per day. In conclusion, these results show evidence for non-negligible exposure to CIT in some individuals in Germany, mainly in children. Therefore, further biomonitoring studies and investigations aimed to identify the major sources of CIT exposure in food commodities are required.

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15

Naik, Dr Preeta. "A Study of Dipstick and Microscopic Analysis of Formed Elements in Urine." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 04 (April 18, 2017): 20485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.122.

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16

Nowrousian, M. R., D. Brandhorst, C. Sammet, M. Kellert, R. Daniels, P. Schuett, M. Poser, et al. "Relationship between Serum Concentrations and Urinary Excretions of Monoclonal Free Light Chains (mFLC) Detectable as Bence Jones Proteins (BJP) by Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE) in Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM)." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5060.5060.

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Abstract Introduction. mFLC are important markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of MM. This study for the first time determines serum concentrations of mFLC which are required to produce renal overflow and BJP in urine detectable by IFE and evaluates the relationship between urinary excretions of mFLC and renal function. Patients and methods. 378 paired samples of serum and 24-h-urine from 82 patients were evaluated during the course of their disease. Serum FLC concentrations were measured nephelometrically using an automated immunoassay. Urine samples were tested for clonal bands using agarose gel electrophoresis, scanning densitometry and visual checking of electrophoretic gels. BJP were identified by urine IFE. Results. Among the 378 serum samples, 173 (46%) were normal and 205 (54%) were abnormal for FLC k/l ratios, indicating the presence of mFLC, 98 of kappa and 107 of lambda type. In 98 serum samples with mFLC kappa, 48 (49%) were associated with negative urine IFE analysis and 50 (51%) had positive urine tests. The median serum kappa concentrations were 40 mg/L (range 6–710) for negative urines and 113 mg/L (range 7–39500) for positive urines (p=0.001), indicating an almost threefold greater median value which was approximately six times the upper limit of the reference range (3.3.–19.4 mg/L) for samples with positive urine IFE analysis. In 107 serum samples with mFLC lambda, 70 (65%) were negative in urine and 37 (35%) were positive. The median serum concentrations associated with negative urine IFE tests were 44 mg/L (range 3–561) and were 278 mg/L (range 5–7060) for positive urines (p=0.0001), indicating an almost sixfold difference. This was approximately 2.5-fold greater than for kappa, and approximately 11 times the upper limit of the reference range (5.7–26.3 mg/L) for samples with positive urine IFE analysis. Renal excretions of mFLC, in addition, were determined primarily by serum concentrations for lambda, but by serum concentrations, renal function and, probably, molecular changes for kappa. For both, renal excretions significantly decreased at high serum concentrations combined with renal dysfunction. Conclusion. Based on these results, relatively high serum concentrations of mFLC are required to produce renal overflow and positive urine IFE tests for BJP. Furthermore, urine excretions of mFLC are determined primarily by serum concentrations, but also by renal function, particularly for kappa.

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17

Medintz, I., L. Chiriboga, L. McCurdy, and L. Kobilinsky. "DNA Analysis of Urine Stained Material." Analytical Letters 28, no. 11 (August 1995): 1937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719508000015.

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18

Chard, J., M. Richardson, and S. Murphy. "Inclusion of urine analysis not justified." BMJ 347, jul10 2 (July 10, 2013): f2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f2331.

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19

Barakat, M. Z., and M. M. El-Guindi. "Biochemical Analysis of Normal Goat Urine." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A 15, no. 1 (May 13, 2010): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1968.tb00416.x.

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20

Debrabandere, Lode, Maurits Van Boven, and Paul Daenens. "Analysis of Buprenorphine in Urine Specimens." Journal of Forensic Sciences 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 13214J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs13214j.

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21

Lepowsky, Eric, Fariba Ghaderinezhad, Stephanie Knowlton, and Savas Tasoglu. "Paper-based assays for urine analysis." Biomicrofluidics 11, no. 5 (September 2017): 051501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4996768.

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22

Soriano, C., J. Muñoz-Guerra, D. Carreras, C. Rodríguez, A. F. Rodríguez, and R. Cortés. "Automated analysis of drugs in urine." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 687, no. 1 (December 1996): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00147-8.

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23

Wiwanitkit, Viroj, and Prapawadee Ekawong. "Urine Sample Stability for Pregnancy Analysis." Sexuality and Disability 25, no. 1 (January 18, 2007): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11195-006-9031-7.

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24

Miyata, Hiroshi, Takashi Yamamoto, Ryogo Murata, Tomohiro Kinoshita, and Sunao Maki. "Analysis of Proteins in Unconcentrated Urine." Pediatrics International 29, no. 5 (October 1987): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1987.tb00369.x.

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25

Bolann, B. J. "Urine analysis: Old and new algorithms." Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 65, no. 3 (April 2005): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365510510025737.

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26

Morgan, A. "Urine analysis for glucose and protein." BMJ 300, no. 6736 (May 26, 1990): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.300.6736.1401-a.

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27

Yudkin, J. S., R. D. Forrest, and C. Jackson. "Urine analysis for glucose and protein." BMJ 300, no. 6737 (June 2, 1990): 1463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.300.6737.1463-b.

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28

Toren, Peter C. "Fake Urine Samples for Drug Analysis." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 259, no. 23 (June 17, 1988): 3408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03720230020016.

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29

Friedberg, Michael A., and Zakariya K. Shihabi. "Urine protein analysis by capillary electrophoresis." Electrophoresis 18, no. 10 (1997): 1836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150181019.

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30

Premasiri, W. Ranjith, Richard H. Clarke, and M. Edward Womble. "Urine analysis by laser Raman spectroscopy." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 28, no. 4 (2001): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.1058.

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31

Olszowy, Pawel, and Boguslaw Buszewski. "Urine sample preparation for proteomic analysis." Journal of Separation Science 37, no. 20 (September 4, 2014): 2920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201400331.

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32

ZORBOZAN, Nergiz, İlker AKARKEN, and Orçun ZORBOZAN. "The performance of the urine strip test for predicting microscopic urine analysis." Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene and Experimental Biology 78, no. 1 (2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2020.98105.

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33

Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Mika Nagata, Wataru Aoki, Ai Kato, Miho Daigo, Osamu Ishihara, Hirotaka Igari, Rika Inose, Naoki Hasegawa, and Mitsuru Murata. "Efficient automated semi-quantitative urine culture analysis via BD Urine Culture App." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 102, no. 1 (January 2022): 115567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115567.

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34

Shapiro, Rochel, and Eileen Yaney. "Analysis of Urinalysis and Urine Culture Methods: Preventing False Positive Urine Specimens." American Journal of Infection Control 43, no. 6 (June 2015): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.04.080.

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35

Čabarkapa, Velibor, Mirjana Đerić, and Zoran Stošić. "Testing of IQ™ 200 Automated Urine Analyzer Analytical Performances in Comparison with Manual Techniques." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-009-0001-3.

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Testing of IQ™ 200 Automated Urine Analyzer Analytical Performances in Comparison with Manual Techniques Automation is necessary in laboratory systems. It enables reduction of time required for sample analysis, as well as standardization of methods. However, automation of urine control in laboratories is much less common than in hematological analyses. Not long ago, the necessary automated systems for urine analysis have also been developed. The objective of this study is a comparison of the IQ™ 200 automated system for urine analyzing with standardized manual urine analyzing techniques. Comparative analysis of 300 samples was performed by the IQ™ 200 system and by the standardized methods of manual microscopy and chemical urine analysis. The results acquired point to very high compatibility between urine analyses by manual techniques and by the automated system IQ™ 200, and in some analyses IQ™ 200 showed higher sensitivity. It can be concluded, with the aim of standardization and shortening of time required for urine analysis, that utilization of automated urine analyzing systems is recommendable, especially in institutions with a large number of daily analyses. This is also supported by the fact that operation procedure on automated systems is much more simple in comparison to manual techniques.

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36

Sreedharan, Shilpa, John A. Petros, Viraj A. Master, Kenneth Ogan, John G. Pattaras, David L. Roberts, Fei Lian, and Rebecca S. Arnold. "Aquaporin-1 Protein Levels Elevated in Fresh Urine of Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Potential Use for Screening and Classification of Incidental Renal Lesions." Disease Markers 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/135649.

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Introduction and Objectives. There are over 65,000 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) each year, yet there is no effective clinical screening test for RCC. A single report claimed no overlap between urine levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in patients with and without RCC (Mayo Clin Proc. 85:413, 2010). Here, we used archived and fresh RCC patient urine to validate this report.Methods. Archived RCC, fresh prenephrectomy RCC, and non-RCC negative control urines were processed for Western blot analysis. Urinary creatinine concentrations were quantified by the Jaffe reaction (Nephron 16:31, 1976). Precipitated protein was dissolved in 1x SDS for a final concentration of 2 μg/µL creatinine.Results. Negative control and archived RCC patient urine failed to show any AQP1 protein by Western blot analysis. Fresh RCC patient urine is robustly positive for AQP1. There was no signal overlap between fresh RCC and negative control, making differentiation straightforward.Conclusions. Our data confirms that fresh urine of patients with RCC contains easily detectable AQP1 protein. However, archival specimens showed an absence of detectable AQP1 indistinguishable from negative control. These findings suggest that a clinically applicable diagnostic test for AQP1 in fresh urine may be useful for detecting RCC.

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Perkins, S. L., and P. M. Johnson. "Loss of porphyrins from solution during analysis: effect of sample pH and matrix on porphyrin quantification in urine by "high-performance" liquid chromatography." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.7.1508.

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Abstract We report the effect of sample matrix and pH on quantification of porphyrins by HPLC with fluorimetric detection. For aqueous solutions of pH less than 2.5, HPLC peak heights of the porphyrins increased with decreasing pH, reaching a plateau at pH less than 1.0. This loss of porphyrins from solutions with pH greater than 1.0 appeared to be due to a combination of microprecipitation and aggregation effects. No such "pH effect" was observed for urine samples supplemented with mixed-porphyrin standards. Addition of trace amounts of albumin to aqueous solutions also decreased these pH-related losses. These findings suggest a porphyrin-protein interaction that prevents microprecipitation and aggregation processes. We conclude that standard solutions of porphyrins for HPLC analysis should be prepared in a urine matrix. If aqueous solutions are used, then the pH must be adjusted to less than 1.0. Urine samples from normal individuals require only adjustment of pH to less than 2 before analysis; however, porphyric urines requiring dilution should be prepared with porphyrin-free urine diluent.

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Schmidt, Jessica, Viktoria Lindemann, Monica Olsen, Benedikt Cramer, and Hans-Ulrich Humpf. "Dried urine spots as sampling technique for multi-mycotoxin analysis in human urine." Mycotoxin Research 37, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-021-00423-1.

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AbstractA simple and effective approach for HPLC-MS/MS based multi-mycotoxin analysis in human urine samples was developed by application of dried urine spots (DUS) as alternative on-site sampling strategy. The newly developed method enables the detection and quantitation of 14 relevant mycotoxins and mycotoxin metabolites, including citrinin (CIT), dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), T-2 Toxin (T-2), HT-2 Toxin (HT-2), ochratoxin A (OTA), 2′R-ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA), ochratoxin α (OTα), tenuazonic acid and allo-tenuazonic acid (TeA + allo-TeA), zearalenone (ZEN), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL). Besides the spotting procedure, sample preparation includes enzymatic cleavage of glucuronic acid conjugates and stable isotope dilution analysis. Method validation revealed low limits of detection in the range of pg/mL urine and excellent apparent recovery rates for most analytes. Stability investigation of DUS displayed no or only slight decrease of the analyte concentration over a period of 28 days at room temperature. The new method was applied to the analysis of a set of urine samples (n = 91) from a Swedish cohort. The four analytes, DH-CIT, DON, OTA, and TeA + allo-TeA, could be detected and quantified in amounts ranging from 0.06 to 0.97 ng/mL, 3.03 to 136 ng/mL, 0.013 to 0.434 ng/mL and from 0.36 to 47 ng/mL in 38.5%, 70.3%, 68.1%, and 94.5% of the samples, respectively. Additional analysis of these urine samples with an established dilute and shoot (DaS) approach displayed a high consistency of the results obtained with both methods. However, due to higher sensitivity, a larger number of positive samples were observed using the DUS method consequently providing a suitable approach for human biomonitoring of mycotoxin exposure.

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Jeon, Chang-Ho, and Sang-Gyung Kim. "Analysis of Matrix Effect of Urine Quality Control Materials in Urine Chemistry Tests." Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance 42, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2020.42.4.200.

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Kustyorini, Tri Ida Wahyu, and Permata Ika Hidayati. "Pengaruh perendaman benih pada berbagai jenis larutan urin terhadap daya tumbuh kecambah kaliandra (calliandra calothyrsus)." Jurnal Sains Peternakan 6, no. 01 (June 29, 2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jsp.v6i01.2815.

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Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil pengaruh perendaman benih pada berbagai jenis larutan urin terhadap daya tumbuh kecambah kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus). Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih kaliandra sebanyak 100 gr, urin sapi, kambing dan domba sebanyak @1 liter. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental lapang berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian terdiri dari P0 (perlakuan kontrol/tanpa perendaman), P1 (perendaman pada air) dan perlakuan eksperimental dengan perendaman pada berbagai jenis urin dengan konsentrasi 10%, yakni, P2 (larutan urin sapi), P3(larutan urin kambing) dan P4 (larutan urin domba). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu daya tumbuh kecambah kaliandra yang meliputi persentase perkecambahan, tinggi bibit, persentase benih mati, dan persentase kecambah normal. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam anova tunggal dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS for Windows,apabila terdapat pengaruh maka dilanjutkan dengan uji. Perendaman pada urin sapi memberikan nilai terbaik pada persentase kecambah (88,33%), tinggi bibit (5,67±0,57)cm, persentase benih mati terendah (11,67±3,51%), dan persentase kecambah normal (91,67±1,52%). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian yaitu perendaman benih pada urin sapi memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap daya tumbuh kecambah kaliandara (Calliandra calothyrsus). Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of seed immersion on various types of urine solution on the growth of Calliandra calothyrsus. The material used in this study was 100 grams of calliandra seed, cow urine, goat urine and sheep urine. The method used in this study was a field experiment based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of P0 (control / no soaking treatment), P1 (immersion in water) and experimental treatment with soaking in various types of urine with a concentration of 10%, namely, P2 (cow urine solution), P3 (goat urine solution) and P4 (sheep urine solution). The variables observed in this study were the growth of kaliandra sprouts which included germination percentage, seed height, percentage of dead seeds, and the percentage of normal sprouts. The data obtained were analyzed using a single ANOVA variance analysis with the help of the SPSS for Windows application, if there was an influence then proceed with the test. Immersion in cow urine gave the best value in the percentage of sprouts (88.33%), seedling height (5.67 ± 0.57) cm, the lowest percentage of dead seeds (11.67 ± 3.51%), and the percentage of normal sprouts ( 91.67 ± 1.52%). The conclusion of the research results is that the immersion of seeds in cow urine gives the best effect on the power of kaliandara sprouts (Calliandra calothyrsus).

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Bargotya, Mona, Lalit Kumar, Pinkey Kachhap, Payel Das, Vidushi Sachdeva, and Sonali Bhattar. "A Flow Cytometric and Cytochemistric Analysis of Urine to Detect Early Urinary Tract Infection." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): A7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2659.

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Young, David C., Sandra Craft, Mary-Clare Day, Barbara Davis, Elizabeth Hartwell, and Song Tong. "Comparison of Abbott LCxChlamydia trachomatisAssay With Gen-Probe PACE2 and Culture." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 2 (2000): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744900000119.

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In this study the LCx assay (a nucleic acid amplification assay) forChlamydia trachomatisin endocervical samples was compared with the Gen-Probe PACE2 assay (a nucleic acid probe assay) for endocervical samples, and with endocervical culture. In addition, the efficacy of the LCx assay was determined for midstream clean-catch urine samples because it is often necessary to obtain such a sample for routine urine culture and it is simpler to collect only a single sample without also collecting a first-void urine for LCx. Endocervical specimens from 205 patients were tested forC. trachomatisvia LCx and PACE2. Of these patients, 203 were tested by culture. Midstream cleancatch urine samples from 75 of these patients were tested by LCx. The sensitivities and specificities for these assays, after discrepant analysis, were 100 and 98.9% for LCx of endocervical samples, 52.4 and 100% for PACE2; and 71.4 and 100% for culture. The sensitivity/specificity of LCx for midstream clean-catch urines was 66.7/98.5%. The apparent prevalence ofC. trachomatisin our population was 10.2%. These data indicate that among the methods tested, LCx of endocervical samples had the highest sensitivity forC. trachomatisin this population. The senstivity of the urine LCx assay using midstream clean-catch collected urines was considerably less than that reported in other studies that used first-void urines but was higher than that of PACE2. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:112–115, 2000.

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Hentschel, Anouk E., Jakko A. Nieuwenhuijzen, Judith Bosschieter, Annina P. van Splunter, Birgit I. Lissenberg-Witte, J. Patrick van der Voorn, Loes I. Segerink, R. Jeroen A. van Moorselaar, and Renske D. M. Steenbergen. "Comparative Analysis of Urine Fractions for Optimal Bladder Cancer Detection Using DNA Methylation Markers." Cancers 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040859.

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DNA methylation analysis of full void urine and urine pellet seems promising for bladder cancer (BC) detection and surveillance. Urinary cell-free DNA from urine supernatant is now gaining interest for other molecular tests in BC. This study aims to evaluate which urine fraction is preferred for BC diagnosis using methylation markers: full void urine, urine pellet or supernatant. Methylation levels of nine markers were determined in the three urine fractions and correlated with their respective tumor tissues in BC patients and compared to controls. For all markers and marker panel GHSR/MAL, diagnostic performance was determined by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of the respective receiver operating characteristic curves. For most of the markers, there was a significant correlation between the methylation levels in each of the urine fractions and the matched tumor tissues. Urine pellet was the most representative fraction. Generally, AUCs for BC diagnosis were comparable among the fractions. The highest AUC was obtained for GHSR/MAL in urine pellet: AUC 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.73–1.00), corresponding to a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 91.7%. Our results demonstrate that cellular and cell-free DNA in urine can be used for BC diagnosis by urinary methylation analysis. Based on our comparative analysis and for practical reasons, we recommend the use of urine pellet.

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Pujiono, Fery, Putri Solikah, and Tri Ana. "Cotinine Analysis in Active Smoker's Urine by Immunochromatography Assay Method." Jurnal Sintesis: Penelitian Sains, Terapan dan Analisisnya 3, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56399/jst.v3i1.52.

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Cigarettes are the main product of tobacco processing. Cotinine is often used as a biomarker in the assessment of nicotine exposure because it has a half-life of 15-20 hours in the blood. This compound is easily detected in saliva, urine and blood. Cotinine in urine can be detected using an immunochromatography assay. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of cotinine examination in the urine of active smokers using the immunochromatography assay method in Sumuragung Village, Bojonegoro. This study used a descriptive research design that collected 26 smokers in the village of Sumuragung Bojonegoro who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 26 urine samples were detected using the immunochromatography assay method. The results of cotinine examination in the urine of active smokers showed that there were 25 people (96%) positive and 1 person (4%) negative. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the urine of active smokers contains cotinine.

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Gaspari, Valeria, Camilla Ceccarani, Marco Severgnini, Gionathan Orioni, Tania Camboni, Luca Laghi, Sara Morselli, et al. "First-Void Urine Microbiome in Women with Chlamydia trachomatis Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 5625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105625.

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Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the agent of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Until now, little information is available about the microbial composition of urine samples during CT urethritis. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the microbiome and metabolome profiles of first-void urines in a cohort of women with CT urethral infection attending an STI clinic. Methods: Based on CT positivity by nucleic acid amplification techniques on urine samples, the enrolled women were divided into two groups, i.e., “CT-negative” (n = 21) and “CT-positive” (n = 11). Urine samples were employed for (i) the microbiome profile analysis by means of 16s rRNA gene sequencing and (ii) the metabolome analysis by 1H-NMR. Results: Irrespective of CT infection, the microbiome of first-void urines was mainly dominated by Lactobacillus, L. iners and L. crispatus being the most represented species. CT-positive samples were characterized by reduced microbial biodiversity compared to the controls. Moreover, a significant reduction of the Mycoplasmataceae family—in particular, of the Ureaplasma parvum species—was observed during CT infection. The Chlamydia genus was positively correlated with urine hippurate and lactulose. Conclusions: These data can help elucidate the pathogenesis of chlamydial urogenital infections, as well as to set up innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

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Blijdorp, Charles J., Omar A. Z. Tutakhel, Thomas A. Hartjes, Thierry P. P. van den Bosch, Martijn H. van Heugten, Juan Pablo Rigalli, Rob Willemsen, et al. "Comparing Approaches to Normalize, Quantify, and Characterize Urinary Extracellular Vesicles." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 32, no. 5 (March 29, 2021): 1210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2020081142.

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BackgroundUrinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising source for biomarker discovery, but optimal approaches for normalization, quantification, and characterization in spot urines are unclear.MethodsUrine samples were analyzed in a water-loading study, from healthy subjects and patients with kidney disease. Urine particles were quantified in whole urine using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TR-FIA), and EVQuant, a novel method quantifying particles via gel immobilization.ResultsUrine particle and creatinine concentrations were highly correlated in the water-loading study (R2 0.96) and in random spot urines from healthy subjects (R2 0.47–0.95) and patients (R2 0.41–0.81). Water loading reduced aquaporin-2 but increased Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and particle detection by NTA. This finding was attributed to hypotonicity increasing uEV size (more EVs reach the NTA size detection limit) and reducing THP polymerization. Adding THP to urine also significantly increased particle count by NTA. In both fluorescence NTA and EVQuant, adding 0.01% SDS maintained uEV integrity and increased aquaporin-2 detection. Comparison of intracellular- and extracellular-epitope antibodies suggested the presence of reverse topology uEVs. The exosome markers CD9 and CD63 colocalized and immunoprecipitated selectively with distal nephron markers.Conclusions uEV concentration is highly correlated with urine creatinine, potentially replacing the need for uEV quantification to normalize spot urines. Additional findings relevant for future uEV studies in whole urine include the interference of THP with NTA, excretion of larger uEVs in dilute urine, the ability to use detergent to increase intracellular-epitope recognition in uEVs, and CD9 or CD63 capture of nephron segment–specific EVs.

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Lee, A.-Jin, Seong Gyu Kim, and Chang-Ho Jeon. "Analysis of Clinical Utility of Urine Sediments." Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance 44, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2022.44.1.29.

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Shi, Zhi-Guo, Yu-Bo Wu, Yan-Bo Luo, and Yu-Qi Feng. "Analysis of Pterins in Urine by HILIC." Chromatographia 71, no. 9-10 (April 11, 2010): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-010-1567-0.

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Ferreira, Meghaan. "Bruker Launches Advanced Urine Metabolite Analysis Module." Clinical OMICs 4, no. 4 (July 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/clinomi.04.04.30.

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Asper, R., and O. Schmucki. "Critical Aspects of Urine and Stone Analysis." Urologia Internationalis 41, no. 5 (1986): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000281233.

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