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Статті в журналах з теми "Urbanization"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 9 листопада 2024

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1

Wong, David W. H., Harry F. Lee, Simon X. B. Zhao, and Andy C. L. Tai. "Post-2008 Fiscal Stimulus Packages and the Driving Forces for China’s Urbanization." Land 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122303.

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Анотація:

A growing body of research has sought to determine how different factors have affected urbanization in developed countries over the past decades. Yet, few studies have systematically examined urbanization’s driving forces, particularly in emerging economies. In 2008–2009, the Chinese government announced an economic stimulus program to revitalize an economy struck by the 2007–2008 Global Financial Crisis. This study aims to identify how urbanization’s driving forces evolved under a drastic change in fiscal policy and revisit the conventional urbanization theories in the Chinese context. Using a dataset covering 31 Chinese provinces and spanning the periods 2005–2011 and 2013–2015, we employ panel data regressions to analyze whether such a fiscal arrangement affected urbanization in China. Throughout the entire period, the fiscal stimulus program caused a change in the drivers for urbanization at the national and regional levels. Before the implementation of the program, industrialization drove urbanization. After the program’s implementation, land financialization was crucial in promoting urbanization across the country. Our findings challenge the conventional urbanization theory—industrialization is always the primary driving force of urbanization in emerging economies. Land financialization, a kind of tertiary production, can also drive urbanization significantly.

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2

Reddy, Rajyashree N. "The urban under erasure: Towards a postcolonial critique of planetary urbanization." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, no. 3 (December 14, 2017): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775817744220.

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Анотація:

In my engagement with the planetary urbanization thesis, I make three main interventions: (1) I emphasize the pioneering contributions that postcolonial and relational geographical approaches have made to planetary thought long before the recent planetary turn in urban studies; (2) I underscore the disconcerting ethico-political implications of planetary urbanization's will to map the “extended landscapes” of urbanization and its reduction of contemporary planetary condition to the imperatives of capitalist urbanization; and (3) I offer the deconstructive strategy of writing “under erasure” that puts both the city and urbanization under erasure to highlight the blind spots of planetary urbanization. Then to demonstrate the value of writing under erasure, I focus upon waste – as both material and semiotic artifact of capitalist urbanization – and offer a “supplementary reading” of Bangalore that sketches the multiple constitutive outsides of the city, which in turn make empirically evident the stakes of planetary urbanization's occlusions. I conclude by suggesting that proponents of planetary urbanization and urban studies more broadly embrace writing under erasure as a useful epistemological orientation to build better theories of the urban.

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3

Gurbanalieva, Khulkar Ismailovna. "Sociological Analysis Of The Process Of Urbanization (Urbanization)." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 04 (April 30, 2021): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue04-121.

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Анотація:

This article is based on the fact that the process of urbanization is carried out intensively in almost all countries of the world, and this situation is necessary to continue the study. It is also written that sociological analysis involves the need to apply an environmental approach and the experience of foreign scientists to include. The problem of studying of process of urbanizatsion and its positive, negative sides is proved in this article. The bias on development of ecological approach in development of the industrial cities and the complex solution of problems is given.

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4

Zhai, Jun, and Fanbin Kong. "The Impact of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Jiangsu, China, at the County Level." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (April 4, 2024): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16073005.

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Анотація:

Understanding the underlying mechanism of how various dimensions of urbanization affect CO2 emissions could be helpful for achieving the goal of low-carbon cities in China. However, previous research has seldomly examined this relationship granularly in economically developed regions at the micro level, nor did they examine the mediating effects of economic development, industrial structure, and coal consumption. Using the panel dataset of 80 counties from 2002 to 2021 at the county level in Jiangsu, China, this study investigates the direct and indirect effects of population, economic, and land urbanizations on CO2 emissions in Jiangsu province and examines the regional heterogeneity. The findings indicate that population and economic urbanization have positive impacts on CO2 emissions, whereas land urbanization has insignificant effects. This finding is supported by various robustness tests. Population and economic urbanizations are found to have significantly positive impacts on CO2 emissions in the southern and northern Jiangsu regions, whereas none of the three dimensions are significant in the middle Jiangsu region. Economic urbanization contributes the most to CO2 emissions in southern Jiangsu. In addition, our results indicate that multi-dimensional urbanizations affect CO2 emissions through the mediating roles of economic development, industrial structure, and coal consumption. Our analysis shed some insights into the nuanced relationship between multi-dimensional urbanization and carbon emissions, which could contribute to sustainable urban transformation.

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5

Jia, Kai, Ailin Huang, Xiaoling Yin, Ji Yang, Liming Deng, and Zhuoling Lin. "Investigating the Impact of Urbanization on Water Ecosystem Services in the Dongjiang River Basin: A Spatial Analysis." Remote Sensing 15, no. 9 (April 25, 2023): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092265.

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The expansion of urban areas has resulted in a substantial increase in demand for water ecosystem services. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate how the interaction between urbanization and water ecosystem services changed in response to different levels of urbanization in the Dongjiang River Basin from 1985 to 2020. The research examines four water ecosystem services (water yield, soil retention, and water purifications of N and P) and three types of urbanizations (population urbanization, economic urbanization, and land urbanization) to identify spatial heterogeneities among developed urban areas, developing urban areas, and rural regions, as well as their dynamic interactions. The findings indicate that water ecosystem services and urbanizations tend to be spatially polarized, with high values downstream and low values upstream. Although they have become more closely aligned, there is a local mismatch under basin-level homogeneity. Urbanization has migrated and centralized in a southward direction, while water ecosystem services have moved westward. This difference of migration results in an increasing trade-off in the west band of Dongjiang River. In particular, the developing urban area has been strengthening the function of the transition zone between the developed urban area and rural area, resulting in a dramatic decrease in synergy. The synergy of the rural area dominates the increasing synergy of the entire basin, but the developed urban area tends to lower the water ecosystem services that lag behind urbanization. The study recommends that policymakers consider different urban levels when developing urbanization plans and water resource management strategies, and implement measures to maintain the synergy in the rural area and mitigate the trade-off in the developing area.

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6

Tursunnazarova, Sharafniso. "URBANIZATION PROCESSES: URBANIZATION AND SUBURBANIZATION." GEOGRAPHY: NATURE AND SOCIETY 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0834-2020-2-10.

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7

Singh, Ramesh Prasad, and Januka Dhakal. "Problems and Prospects of Urbanization in Kathmandu Valley." International Journal of Atharva 2, no. 1 (March 12, 2024): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ija.v2i1.62821.

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The capital of Nepal, Kathmandu, is undergoing rapid urbanization with issues like overcrowding, infrastructure strain, and environmental challenges. Informal settlements highlight resource disparities. The study explores urbanization's impact on cultural identity and social dynamics. Effective governance is crucial for managing urbanization and promoting social inclusion, but Nepal faces challenges like slow law implementation and corruption. Governance is pivotal for development, addressing issues like corruption and law enforcement. Despite challenges, urbanization presents opportunities for new industries and social services. The study aims to identify prospects for sustainable urbanization in Kathmandu, emphasizing green infrastructure, sustainable transportation, and community-based initiatives. A sociological perspective aids in understanding social dynamics and potential opportunities arising from urban growth.

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8

Octifanny, Yustina. "The History of Urbanization in Java Island: Path to Contemporary Urbanization." TATALOKA 22, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.22.4.474-485.

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Анотація:

The paper presents the historical analysis of the spatial transformation and emerging urban reality in Java Island. The historical approach used to understand the urbanization dynamics from the year 1200 until the present time. The study passes through important historical events: early Archipelago, precolonial, colonial state, late colonialization, Japanese occupation, Indonesia’s independence, Indonesia’s democratic experiment, guided democracy, new order, fall of the new order, and post-Suharto era, in which the history of urbanization pattern is also visualized on the map. From a long time frames the colonial state, new order, and the post-1997 financial crisis are the most important influence for Java’s urbanization. From the study, it reveals that the urbanization in Java Island has undergone a series of events that made the urban population contracted or expanded; hence its centers moved to different places. The study also underlines the influence of colonial and economic crises which made Java, and particularly Jakarta, to emerge as the epicenter of urbanization in Indonesia, as Jakarta’s urban development was further enhanced after Indonesia’s independence.

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9

Octifanny, Yustina. "The History of Urbanization in Java Island: Path to Contemporary Urbanization." TATALOKA 22, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.22.4.474-485.

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Анотація:

The paper presents the historical analysis of the spatial transformation and emerging urban reality in Java Island. The historical approach used to understand the urbanization dynamics from the year 1200 until the present time. The study passes through important historical events: early Archipelago, precolonial, colonial state, late colonialization, Japanese occupation, Indonesia’s independence, Indonesia’s democratic experiment, guided democracy, new order, fall of the new order, and post-Suharto era, in which the history of urbanization pattern is also visualized on the map. From a long time frames the colonial state, new order, and the post-1997 financial crisis are the most important influence for Java’s urbanization. From the study, it reveals that the urbanization in Java Island has undergone a series of events that made the urban population contracted or expanded; hence its centers moved to different places. The study also underlines the influence of colonial and economic crises which made Java, and particularly Jakarta, to emerge as the epicenter of urbanization in Indonesia, as Jakarta’s urban development was further enhanced after Indonesia’s independence.

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10

Ching, Feng, and Xiao-Mei Liu. "An analysis of the new urbanization’s ecological driving factor on the environment: based on the LMDI method." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 3, no. 3 (December 22, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i3.246335.

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The new urbanization policy emphasizes ecosystem friendliness. However, there is little research on new urbanization's effect on the ecological environment. This paper builds the LMDI model to decompose the ecological environment into three aspects: green area, wastewater discharge, and industrial solid waste production, to analyze the urbanization driving effect of Fujian Province in 2011-2018. The results show that the green area will increase due to economic-driven and urbanization-driven influences. Land-use-driven will cut down Wastewater discharge and waste generation. Among them, the economic-driven and land-use-driven have opposite effects.

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11

Zhang, Kaize, Juqin Shen, Ran He, Bihang Fan, and Han Han. "Dynamic Analysis of the Coupling Coordination Relationship between Urbanization and Water Resource Security and Its Obstacle Factor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 4765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234765.

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Water resource security is an important condition for socio-economic development. Recently, the process of urbanization brings increasing pressures on water resources. Thus, a good understanding of harmonious development of urbanization and water resource security (WRS) systems is necessary. This paper examined the coordination state between urbanization and WRS and its obstacle factors in Beijing city, utilizing the improved coupling coordination degree (ICCD) model, obstacle degree model, and indicator data from 2008 to 2017. Results indicated that: (1) The coupling coordination degree between WRS and urbanization displayed an overall upward tendency during the 2008–2017 period; the coupling coordination state has changed from an imbalanced state into a good coordination state, experiencing from a high-speed development stage (2008–2010), through a steady growth stage (2010–2014), towards a low-speed growth (2014–2017). (2) In urbanization system, both the social and spatial urbanizations have the greatest obstruction to the development of urbanization-WRS system. The subsystems of pressure and state are the domain obstacle subsystems in WRS system. These results can provide important support for urban planning and water resource protection in the future, and hold great significance for urban sustainable development.

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12

Jazeel, Tariq. "Urban theory with an outside." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775817707968.

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This paper critically engages planetary urbanization’s claim that it generates ‘Urban Theory Without an Outside’. It argues planetary urbanization is part of the broader ideological terrain of urban studies whose textual field reifies the city, the urban and urbanization as objects and processes of analyses through a kind of ‘methodological urbanization’. The paper argues the conceptual and political value of delineating views from outside urban studies and planetary urbanization – in particular from domains like area studies – that unmoor the primacy of the city, the urban and particularly urbanization in understandings of socio-spatial processes across planetary space. It suggests how these perspectives can usefully act as ‘supplements’ indifferent to urban studies, reminding urban studies of the limits of its own forms of knowledge production in relation to socio-spatial process and city formation. To do this, the paper sketches an anti-colonial history of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

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13

Li, Xuyang, Tongping Li, Hui Li, Junmei Qi, and Linjie Hu. "Research on the Online Consumption Effect of China’s Urbanization under Population Aging Background." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164349.

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With the development of e-commerce, online consumption—a new sustainable consumption mode—has rapidly developed. Online shopping has become an important consumption method for Chinese residents, and the era of online consumption has arrived. Urbanization is an important foundation for the development of online consumption, and its impact on online consumption is becoming increasingly important. In addition, with the decline of fertility in China, the proportion of the elderly population is increasing. As the macro background of the current economic operation of China, population aging has long been a concern of the government. However, the existing research on urbanization, population aging and online consumption is insufficient. In this context, this study is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of the online consumption mode and enrich the theory of resident consumption in the era of the network economy. In this paper, by adopting the system generalized method of moments (GMM), we conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between urbanization, population aging, and online consumption, based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2017. Furthermore, we examined the regional heterogeneity of urbanization’s online consumption effect. The results reveal that, first, urbanization has a positive relationship with online consumption. Second, urbanization’s online consumption effect has regional differences, with the largest positive effect being in the western area of China, the second in the eastern area of China and the smallest in the central area of China. Third, aging inhibits the development of online consumption. Specifically, it mainly includes two aspects. On the one hand, aging has a direct negative impact on online consumption. On the other hand, aging has a moderating effect on urbanization’s online consumption effect, which weakens the impact of urbanization. The rising of urban residents’ income has significant explanatory power to the change of online consumption in the eastern and western regions. Therefore, the policy implications are as follows: promoting the strategic transformation of urbanization, giving full play to the online consumption effect of urbanization; adjusting and improving population policy to cope with the population aging; constantly raising people’s income level and enhancing consumption potential.

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14

CHEN, Ying, Liyong LIU, and Ying ZHANG. "China’s Urbanization and Carbon Emissions Peak." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 03, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748115500219.

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Анотація:

With the increase of urban population around the world, the massive construction of urban infrastructure and residential housing is hard to avoid. Urbanization has become a major factor that influences carbon emissions instead of a secondary factor due to more and more energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by the economic activities related to urbanization. China is in a stage of rapid development of urbanization, and urban construction has a huge potential demand for steel and iron, cement, and other high energy-consuming products, and thus the development of urbanization in the future will bring great challenge to the realization of China’s carbon emissions peak. Through the exploration and the analysis of the mechanism of urbanization’s impact on carbon emissions and the experience of urbanization development in developed countries, this paper summarizes the general evolving rules of carbon emissions peak along with the development of urbanization, defines the present stage of our country and briefly analyzes the arrival of China’s carbon emissions peak in the future. During the process of China’s new-type urbanization development in the future, we should make a scientific planning integrated with low-carbon concept from the demographic, social, economic, spatial structure, technical, and other dimensions, in order to reduce the impact of urbanization development on carbon emissions and realize the carbon emissions peak of China early.

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15

Streule, Monika, Ozan Karaman, Lindsay Sawyer, and Christian Schmid. "Popular Urbanization: Conceptualizing Urbanization Processes Beyond Informality." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 44, no. 4 (March 7, 2020): 652–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12872.

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16

Bian, Yongxing. "Will Government-driven Urbanization Exacerbate Urbanization Imbalances?" Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 9 (June 13, 2023): 666–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v9i.9246.

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As a major form of administrative division adjustment in China since the reform and opening up, abolishing county and establishing district policy has reshaped the regional administrative power structure, which in turn has had a profound impact on regional economic and social development. Based on data from population census and land survey, this paper uses the general OLS method to estimate the effect of abolishing county and establishing city-administered district reform on the imbalance of urbanization development in prefecture-level cities. The study finds that the reform of abolishing counties and setting up districts softens the constraint of construction land targets and creates favorable conditions for local governments to "seek development through land use", but the larger supply of construction land eventually exacerbates the imbalance between population urbanization and land urbanization, and this finding still holds for cities where the initial relationship between people and land is not tense. By region, the effect of urbanization imbalance exacerbated by abolishing county and establishing district policy is significant in the eastern region but not in the central and western regions; moreover, the effect of urbanization imbalance exacerbated by county revocation is weakened in cities with higher degree of financial deepening. The rapid urbanization with land as the core has supported China's rapid economic growth for a long time in the past, but the role of land as an economic engine is declining. Promoting a new type of people-oriented urbanization and making efforts to improve the quality of urbanization construction is the right way to transform China's economic development mode and promote high-quality development in the future.

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17

Chen, Mingxing, Weidong Liu, and Xiaoli Tao. "Evolution and assessment on China's urbanization 1960–2010: Under-urbanization or over-urbanization?" Habitat International 38 (April 2013): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.09.007.

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18

Cheng, Yonghui, Qi Kang, Kewei Liu, Peng Cui, Kaixu Zhao, Jianwei Li, Xue Ma, and Qingsong Ni. "Impact of Urbanization on Ecosystem Service Value from the Perspective of Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity: A Case Study from the Yellow River Basin." Land 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2023): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071301.

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Ecosystem services are the beneficial goods and services that ecosystems provide to humans. Urbanization is an important feature of human social development. While promoting economic and social development, it also brings about land degradation, resource depletion, environmental pollution and other problems, intensifying the transformation of natural ecosystems into semi-natural and artificial ecosystems, ultimately leading to the loss of ecosystem service functions and declining value. The study of the impact of urbanization on the value of ecosystem services is of critical importance for the conservation of ecosystems and sustainable development. This study examined the spatio-temporal patterns of urbanization’s impacts on ecosystem service value in the Yellow River Basin from the perspective of spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Findings: (1) Both the ecosystem service value (ESV) and urbanization level (UL) in the Yellow River Basin were on the rise on the whole, but they were significantly spatially negatively correlated and mainly characterized by the high–low spatial clustering of “low ESV–high UL” and “high ESV–low UL”. This negative correlation was gradually weakened with the transformation of the urbanization development mode and ecological restoration projects in the Yellow River Basin. (2) The impacts of the five urbanization subsystems on the value of ecosystem services were diverse. Landscape urbanization had a negative impact on the value of ecosystem services in all regions; economic urbanization and innovation urbanization changed from having a negative to a positive impact; and demographic urbanization and social urbanization had both a positive and a negative impact. (3) To promote the coordinated development of ecological environmental protection and urbanization in the YRB, this paper proposes to change the urbanization development model, implement ecological restoration by zoning, and formulate classified development plans. This study compensates for the shortcomings of current studies that ignore the different impacts of urbanization subsystems on ecosystem service value and lack sufficient consideration of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity characteristics of urbanization and ESVs, enriches the theoretical understanding of the interrelationships between natural and human systems in basin areas, and provides a scientific basis for the rational formulation of urban planning and ecological protection policies in the region, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.

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19

Oliinyk, O., L. Serhiienko, and I. Legan. "Public administration of economic and ecological urbanization consequences." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 37, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2020.1.4.

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Urbanization is main demographic issue measured with relative terms: population increase and decrease, international migration. Nowadays, more than half world's population lives in cities. Ukraine is a part of world's urbanization processes, even if the positive dynamic does not exist. This is due to lack of investigations those processes, the gap between the world agenda and the processes of public policy formation and implementation in Ukraine in various fields, as well as a number of other factors, both internal and external, which in turn provoke a certain amount of risks and threats. The totality of the consequences of urbanization processes form before the domestic system of public administration several problems, the solution of which in the future is the key to respecting the rights and freedoms of people and their safe coexistence. The key urbanization trends in Ukraine and around the world. The urbanization issue is the subject of research and activity by some organizations, such as the United Nations, the Central Intelligence Agency and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The Organization of Union Nations conducts the investigation of the urbanization's pace and dynamic processes in the world and highlights the data in World Urbanization Prospects: The Revision. The urbanization development processes are caused by several prerequisites, factors and factors that relate to different spheres of human life, but it is undeniable that urbanization is primarily a consequence of the human civilization development. The rapid urbanization processes began in the 1950s, but it should be noted that those processes are often uncontrolled and require a detailed investigation of their condition, identification of trends and risks that may arise.

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20

Cao, Shu, Nannan Yu, Yang Wu, Zihe Wang, and Jianing Mi. "The Educational Level of Rural Labor, Population Urbanization, and Sustainable Economic Growth in China." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124860.

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Since the 1978 economic reform, China has undergone a historical process of rapid urbanization. Although this process has been recognized as a key factor in the development of sustainable growth in China, low quality rural labor continues to limit the effectiveness of the country’s urbanization. Our study uses a spatial analysis framework to explore how the education level of rural laborers moderates the effect of urbanization on economic growth with provincial data collected from 1996 to 2015. Our results reveal that the influence of population urbanization on sustainable growth is mediated by the improvement of consumption capacity of urban dwellers and the industrial structural changes. The education level of rural laborers adjusts the urbanization’s influence on the consumption capacity of residents, which further affects economic growth. Empirical evidence indicates that the educationally limited rural population negatively moderates the impact of urbanization on sustainable economic growth by restraining the consumption capacity of migrating rural labor. It is also found that in some provinces with less-qualified rural labor, such as Gansu, Yunnan and Qinghai, population urbanization has not contributed to a corresponding economic growth, indicating that these provinces may have undergone urbanization without growth. These findings suggest that basic education is critical to the growth of income and consumption capacities of rural labor when laborers are migrating to urban areas. To achieve a valid urbanization process and sustainable growth, state and local governments must improve the basic education scheme, especially the nine-year compulsory education in Chinese rural areas through public financial investment and policy support.

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21

Eeckhout, Jan, and Christoph Hedtrich. "Green urbanization." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e0260393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260393.

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Large cities are more productive and generate more output per person. Using data from the UK on energy demand and waste generation, we show that they are also more energy-efficient. Large cities are therefore greener than small towns. The amount of energy demanded and waste generated per person is decreasing in total output produced, that is, energy demand and waste generation scale sublinearly with output. Our research provides the first direct evidence of green urbanization by calculating the rate at which per capita electricity use and waste decrease with city population. The energy demand elasticity with respect to city output is 83%: as the total output of a city increases by one percent, energy demand increases less than one percent, and the Urban Energy Premium is therefore 17%. The energy premium by source of energy demand is from households (13%), transport (20%), and industry (16%). Similarly, we find that the elasticity of waste generation with respect to city output is 90%. For one percent increase in total city output, there is a less than one percent increase in waste, with an Urban Waste Premium of 10%. Because large cities are energy-efficient ways of generating output, energy efficiency can be improved by encouraging urbanization and thus green living. We perform a counterfactual analysis in a spatial equilibrium model that makes income taxes contingent on city population, which attracts more people to big cities. We find that this pro-urbanization counterfactual not only increases economic output but also lowers energy consumption and waste production in the aggregate.

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22

Katz, Cindi. "SPLANETARY URBANIZATION." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 45, no. 4 (July 2021): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13025.

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23

Grigoryeva, Elena, and Konstantin Lidin. "urbanization trends." проект байкал, no. 69 (November 13, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.69.1844.

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Sometimes, people dream ofBlue cities,Which have no name.Song from the film “Two Sundays”, 1963What does the future hold for us? This question has always attracted attention and always eluded answering. Which of today’s trends will shape the appearance of tomorrow's cities? Irkutsk architects, continuing the theme of the Winter City, reflect on the development of underground urbanism. Novosibirsk citizens study the creative capital as the main resource for the growth of Siberian cities. The environmental approach to urban development and the ratio of the notion of environment with the borderline concepts of style, meaning and essence are studied by theorists of architecture. The issues of the theory are directly related to everyday practice of the post-covid world. Isolation of people from each other and fusion of residential spaces with the office ones, new functions and the role of public spaces need reflection right now. The triptych of philosophers from Voronezh, Latvia and Vologda is about it.

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24

Brown, Alastair. "Urbanization emissions." Nature Climate Change 2, no. 6 (May 25, 2012): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1569.

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25

Chatzis, Konstantinos. "Cyborg Urbanization." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, no. 4 (December 2001): 906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00354.

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Friedmann, John. "China's Urbanization." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27, no. 3 (September 2003): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00480.

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MULLINS, PATRICK. "Tourism Urbanization." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 15, no. 3 (September 1991): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1991.tb00642.x.

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Nichol, Janet E., Bruce King, and Xiaoli Ding. "Sustainable urbanization." International Journal of Remote Sensing 34, no. 3 (October 2, 2012): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.721284.

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29

Cheng, Huixia. "Forced-Urbanization: The Alienation of Urbanization in China." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 6, no. 3 (January 10, 2015): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2015/16227.

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30

Ren, Yuan. "Hukou-based urbanization, or de-hukou-ed urbanization." Eurasian Geography and Economics 59, no. 5-6 (November 2, 2018): 767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2019.1581986.

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31

Li, Yuheng, Linrui Jia, Wenhao Wu, Jiayu Yan, and Yansui Liu. "Urbanization for rural sustainability – Rethinking China's urbanization strategy." Journal of Cleaner Production 178 (March 2018): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.273.

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32

TYAGI, SANDEEP K., VIKAS KUMAR, KULDEEP KUMAR, and DHARMENDRA KUMAR. "ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH QUALITY AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF URBANIZATION: A REVIEW." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 10, no. 5 (May 30, 2023): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2023.v10i05.003.

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Urbanization is a worldwide trend that has changed economies, landscapes, and communities. It alludes to the process of population concentration in urban regions, which fosters the development of cities and the enlargement of their infrastructure. This article highlights the effects of urbanization on numerous facets of society along with urbanization's causes, products, and implications. Push and pull variables work together to cause urbanization. People are pushed out of rural regions by various circumstances, including a lack of work prospects, poor agricultural production, poverty, and natural catastrophes. Factors that attract people, on the other side, are the allures and possibilities provided by metropolitan regions, such as increased career chances, access to healthcare, education, and attributes of life enhancements. Urbanization has a serious effect on environmental health quality, both positive and negative. While urban areas can provide numerous economic and social opportunities, they also place considerable stress on the environment, leading to various environmental health challenges.

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33

Sun, Li, Xianglai Mao, Lan Feng, Ming Zhang, Xuan Gui, and Xiaojun Wu. "Investigating the Direct and Spillover Effects of Urbanization on Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Using Nighttime Light Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 16 (August 20, 2023): 4093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164093.

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Cities are the main emission sources of the CO2 produced by energy use around the globe and have a great impact on the variation of climate. Although the implications of urbanization and socioeconomic elements for carbon emission have been extensively explored, previous studies have mostly focused on developed cities, and there is a lack of research into naturally related elements due to the limited data. At present, remote sensing data provide favorable conditions for the study of large-scale and long-time series. Also, the spillover mechanism of urbanization effects on the discharge of carbon has not been fully studied. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the types of influence that various urbanization factors have on emissions of CO2. Firstly, this study quantifies the urban CO2 emissions in China by utilizing nighttime lighting images. Then, the spatio-temporal variations and spatial dependence modes of CO2 emissions are explored for 284 cities in China from 2000–2018. Finally, the study further ascertains that multi-dimensional urbanization, socio-economic and climate variables affect the discharge of carbon using spatial regression models. The results indicate that CO2 emissions have a remarkable positive spatial autocorrelation. Urbanization significantly increases CO2 emissions, of which the land urbanization contribution towards CO2 emissions is the most important in terms of spillover effects. Specifically, the data on urbanization’s direct effects reveal that CO2 emissions will increase 0.066%when the urbanization level of a city rises 1%, while the spillover effect indicates that an 0.492% emissions increase is associated with a 1% rise of bordering cities’ average urbanization level. As for the socio-economic factors, population density suppresses CO2 emissions, while technological levels boost CO2 emissions. The natural control factors effect a remarkable impact on CO2 emissions by adjusting energy consumption. This study can provide evidence for regional joint prevention in urban energy conservation, emission reduction, and climate change mitigation.

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34

Smirnov, Sergei. "Education and urbanization / de-urbanization: The case of Russia." Economic and social problems of Russia. The digital economy: Current state and prospects, no. 2 (2018): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/espr/2018.02.02.

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35

Baiping, Zhang, Mo Shenguo, Tan Ya, Xiao Fei, and Wu Hongzhi. "Urbanization and De-urbanization in Mountain Regions of China." Mountain Research and Development 24, no. 3 (August 2004): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2004)024[0206:uadimr]2.0.co;2.

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36

Li, Bingqin, Chunlai Chen, and Biliang Hu. "Governing urbanization and the New Urbanization Plan in China." Environment and Urbanization 28, no. 2 (June 23, 2016): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247816647345.

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37

Geyer, Hermanus S. "African urbanization in Metropolitan South Africa ? differential urbanization perspectives." GeoJournal 30, no. 3 (July 1993): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00806721.

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38

Shankarrao, Dr Pawar Ashok. "Urbanization & Pollution in India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2012/14.

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39

Hussain, Anwar, and Sharmin Khan Sharmin Khan. "A Sustainable Approach to Urbanization." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2013/5.

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40

Zhu, Penghu, and Boqiang Lin. "Revisiting the Effect of Urbanization on Residential Electricity Consumption." Journal of Global Information Management 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.314788.

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Under the background of electrification, it is significant to explore the changes in residential electricity consumption for energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the staggered difference-in-difference (DID) approach, this paper investigates urbanization's effect on residential electricity consumption using the longitudinal dataset from 2010-2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). It is found that China's urbanization has increased the average electricity consumption by 12.8% with electricity substitution as the main channel. After urbanization, the scale effect of population and area levels does not exist. The authors also find that this positive effect is affected by electricity price (i.e., the higher the price level, the smaller the positive impact). However, as the electric charge is insignificant relative to the income, the moderating effect of price remains small. This indicates that the positive effect of urbanization will not decrease soon in the future unless the residential electricity price system is reformed.

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41

Li, Xin, Bin Fang, Mengru Yin, Tao Jin, and Xin Xu. "Multi-Dimensional Urbanization Coordinated Evolution Process and Ecological Risk Response in the Yangtze River Delta." Land 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050723.

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The dislocated development of population, land, and economy will disturb the urban system, cause ecological risk problems, and ultimately affect regional habitat and quality development. Based on social statistics and nighttime lighting data from 2000 to 2018, we used mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods to analyze the change process of urbanization’s coupling coordination degree and ecological risk response pattern in the Yangtze River Delta. Results show that: ① From 2000 to 2018, the coupling coordination degree of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta increased, with high values in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou regions. ② The ecological risk in the Yangtze River Delta weakened, and the vulnerability and disturbance of landscape components together constitute the spatial differentiation pattern of regional ecological risk, which presented homogeneous aggregation and heterogeneous isolation. ③ The overall ecological stress of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta decreased. ④ The population aggregation degree, socio-economic development level and built-up area expansion trend contributed to the spatiotemporal differentiation of urbanization’s ecological risks through the synergistic effects of factor concentration and diffusion, population quality cultivation and improvement, technological progress and dispersion, industrial structure adjustment and upgrading. This study can provide a reference for regional urbanization to deal with ecological risks reasonably and achieve high-quality development.

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42

Bocquier, Philippe. "World Urbanization Prospects." Demographic Research 12 (May 4, 2005): 197–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2005.12.9.

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43

Fisher, James F., and Pitamber Sharma. "Urbanization in Nepal." Contemporary Sociology 19, no. 6 (November 1990): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073224.

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44

Salas, Rafael M. "Population and urbanization." Asia-Pacific Population Journal 1, no. 1 (February 22, 1986): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/a3b7117d-en.

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45

Cao, Ying, and Ning Cao. "Chinese Urbanization Issues." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.986.

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Chinese urbanization issues were analyzed from two aspects. On the one hand, segregation migrants were studied in labor market and housing conditions as invisible urbanization issue. On the other hand, over-afford housing price and urban sprawl were analyzed as prominent urbanization issue. The results show that urbanization issues arise is due to the breaking of harmonious relationship between subsystems of city.

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46

Becker, Kevin G. "AUTISM AND URBANIZATION." American Journal of Public Health 100, no. 7 (July 2010): 1156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2009.191007.

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47

Allan, Nigel J. R., and Pitamber Sharma. "Urbanization in Nepal." Geographical Review 81, no. 2 (April 1991): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215996.

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48

Gran, Brian K., Henry Buller, and Keith Hoggart. "International Counter Urbanization." International Migration Review 30, no. 3 (1996): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2547645.

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49

Kumata, Yoshinobu. "Sustainability in Urbanization." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 8, no. 5 (2003): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.8.5_88.

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50

Hoerning, Johanna. "Reassessing Urbanization Theory." Geographische Zeitschrift 107, no. 3 (2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/gz-2019-0013.

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