Дисертації: "Urban type"

1

Reynolds, Ryan T. "Measurements of the structure of urban-type boundary layers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47099/.

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In order to gain a better understanding of the fundamental structure associated with turbulent flows over very rough, urban-type surfaces, laboratory experiments were undertaken in a subsonic wind tunnel facility at the University of Southampton. It was anticipated that undertaking this work would provide better insight into fundamental differences in the flow structure compared to smooth-wall surfaces. After modification of an existing facility to accommodate a longer working section length, testing proceeded over a regular array of cube roughness elements with a 25% area density. Measurements were conducted with hot-wire anemometry, Laser Doppler anemometry, and particle image velocimetry. Development of the particle image velocimetry technique to obtain accurate turbulence statistics over and among the roughness elements was successfully undertaken providing significant new analysis opportunities and results. Initial testing characterised a large-scale spanwise variation discovered within the boundary layer developing over the cube surface. It was found that mean velocity variation in the span at a height of 50% of the boundary layer thickness could exceed ±5%. Further testing was conducted at locations far enough downstream to minimise the amplitude of the variation. Time-averaged mean velocity and turbulence statistics were collected revealing the averaged flow features. The peak Reynolds shear stress near the cube surface was found to be a strong function of the relative boundary layer thickness compared to the roughness size. Quadrant analysis showed the instantaneous sweep motions found near the rough surface intermittently producing large percentages of the local shear stress. Spatial correlation analysis of the instantaneous field data collected with particle image velocimetry revealed long, streamwise-stretched regions of streamwise mean velocity cross correlation. Correlation analysis also allowed calculation of the structure angle of the streamwise velocity cross correlation and the associated integral length scales of the turbulence structure. Two integral length scales were found in certain locations near the cube surface highlighting the complex nature of the flow and inherent difference compared to smooth wall flows. Comparisons were made with existing direct numerical simulation studies over identical geometries showing many general similarities but also indicating differences associated with the assumptions governing each approach. Together, the experiments and analysis establish a broad picture of the distinct flow structure found in urban-type flows.

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2

Maeder, Elizabeth Alexandra. "The passage type as a generator for urban connectivity." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8264.

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Thesis (M. Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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3

Bak, Jun Hyeong. "Sustainable urban development in South Korea : compact urban form, land use, housing type, and development methods." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4781/.

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Over the past few decades, South Korea has experienced economic development and urbanisation, the effects of which have included environmental degradation and social problems. The principles of sustainable development have gained support as an approach to dealing with these issues; and the compact city has been proposed as a means of delivering sustainable development without the sprawl of Western cities. This thesis examines the applicability of the compact city to South Korea, particularly to large-scale developments, through the perspective of sustainable development. The research questions, ‘How and why have urban developments in South Korea been accompanied by compactness?’ and, ‘What implications does this have for sustainable development?’ are examined through two case studies: Yong-in, a city developed by diverse methods; and Se-jong, a city developed as a single new project. The case studies demonstrate that new settlements by high-rise apartments in South Korea have achieved a high degree of compactness, and residents have appreciated their liveability and made them their popular housing choice. The thesis concludes that the compact city in South Korean urban development is not only feasible, but is acceptable to residents; and it suggests a compact city model and strategies applicable in the South Korean context.

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4

Mambretti, Isabella Margherita. "Urban parks between safety and aesthetics : exploring urban green space using visualisation and conjoint analysis methods /." Zürich : ETH / Institut für Raum- und Landschaftsentwicklung, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17071.

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5

Al-Khudairy, Lena. "Dietary factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban Saudi adults." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/65510/.

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Background: Saudi Arabia is ranked sixth for the highest prevalence of T2DM worldwide. There is very little information on dietary factors associated with the prevalence of T2DM in Saudi Arabia. There is an urgent need for the identification of culturally specific T2DM risk factors to then develop culturally tailored public awareness programs and interventions, to reduce the prevalence of T2DM. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the association between dietary factors and T2DM in the Middle Eastern region. To determine the association between dietary factors, including anthropometric measures, selected food items and beverages, selected dietary biomarkers and T2DM in Saudi adults. To identify culturally specific barriers to healthy eating in Saudi adults, with and without T2DM. Methods: The systematic review was conducted by searching several electronic databases and contacting authors, libraries, and research centres in the Middle East. Included studies assessed potential dietary factors for T2DM in Middle Eastern adults. An existing cross-sectional survey (n = 2631), which is part of a larger Biomarkers Screening Survey conducted in the urban area of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2009), of Saudi adults aged ≥ 18 years, was used to examine the association between dietary factors and T2DM. Anthropometric measures (n = 2355) included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio and sagittal abdominal diameter. Selected food/beverage included 17 items collected from a food freque ncy questionnaire (FFQ) (n = 1867). The FFQ was validated in this study against two 24 hour dietary recalls (n = 98). Dietary biomarkers included vitamin D and selenium (n = 567). Barriers to healthy eating were assessed by face-to-face interviews (n =108) carried out using modified predeveloped Saudi questionnaires and an additional questionnaire developed and piloted for the purpose of this study. Results: The systematic review highlighted the large gap in evidence of associations between dietary factors and T2DM in the Middle Eastern region in general and Saudi Arabia specifically. For the cross-sectional analyses, the overall sample was 2631 adults (females: 1280, males: 1351) and the prevalence of T2DM was 29.3% (females: 25.4%, males: 32.9%). WC was associated with T2DM independently of BMI, specifically in males. The intake of dates showed an inverse association with T2DM in males. Vitamin D levels were significantly higher in females with diabetes in comparison to nondiabetics. Serum selenium was associated positively with lipid parameters in females and fasting insulin in males. However, selenium was not associated with diabetes. Lack of dietary knowledge and culturally specific barriers (lack of social support, lack of will power and reliance) were barriers to healthy eating in participants with and without T2DM. Conclusion: The findings of this thesis highlight culturally specific factors associated with T2DM in Saudi adults. Further dietary studies in relation to T2DM are required in Saudi Arabia. Cultural issues should be incorporated when designing health awareness campaigns to address Saudis specific needs.

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6

Gospodini, Anastasia-Aspasia. "Type and function in the urban square : a case study of London." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434254.

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7

Anderson, Jennifer K. "Dogtrots in New Orleans: An Urban Adaptation to a Rural House Type." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1604.

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The dogtrot house type is an important type of vernacular architecture in the American landscape, particularly in rural areas of the southern United States. Little is formally written or known about the dogtrot type houses in New Orleans, which appear to be a unique evolution of the rural dogtrot form specifically adapted for the urban environment. This thesis examines the existing literature regarding the dogtrot house type and analyzes the architectural history of the remaining dogtrot type homes in New Orleans in order to establish that they are correctly classified, and also to investigate any possible links with rural dogtrots. The findings promotes awareness of the dogtrot house type in the urban setting, and contribute to the larger picture of vernacular architectural adaptation in the United States. Further, this thesis lays the foundation for landmarking the 16 remaining dogtrots in New Orleans.

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8

McMillan, Andrew James Mr. "Multifamily Units in the Dispersed City: Measuring Infill and Development by Neighborhood Type in the Kansas City Region." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1367857439.

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9

Brinkman, Elliot Easton. "Measuring Community Capacity Across Urban and Rural Landscapes in Southwestern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/315.

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Water quality is a substantial issue in rural and urban areas in the Midwestern United States. Water resources, such as streams, are often impaired by pollution. This can pose a threat to the natural ecosystem and the health of those that live within it. In the Lower Kaskaskia River region, Illinois communities are faced with impaired water resources. In order to effectively manage for healthy waterways, communities must have skills and resources to address threats to water quality. This study assessed capacity for effective watershed management in four communities within the Lower Kaskaskia River region. Each community exists within a subwatershed of the Lower Kaskaskia River Watershed. A stratified, random sample of 3,609 residents living within the four watersheds was taken to gather data on several community capacity indicators for each watershed community. A questionnaire was distributed to individuals living within the study area to measure dimensions of community capacity and familiarity with water conservation practices. With data from the questionnaire, it was possible to measure collective action, community empowerment, and shared vision for each of the communities within the study area. Exploratory factor analysis yielded outcomes that differed from theoretical literature on the topic. A stepwise regression analysis illustrated the importance of community empowerment in explaining the greatest amount of variability (39%) in community capacity. Once reliable measures of community capacity were established, it was possible to examine them across urban and rural areas. A multivariate analysis showed no significant difference between urban and rural community type in regards to levels of community empowerment, collective action, shared vision, and community capacity. Measurements of community capacity were not significantly different at á = 0.05 across urban and rural communities; however, practical differences between urban and rural communities were identified. Understanding practical differences in community capacity between different community types will assist in the development of outreach and education techniques that are relevant for both urban and rural communities that exist within the study area. Outreach and education strategies will allow for the implementation of effective natural resource management within the study communities, while informing citizens and leaders on watershed conservation practices that can be implemented at the individual and community levels.

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10

Christoforou, Zoi. "Incidence occurrence and response on urban freeways." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626573.

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Research on road safety has been of great interest to engineers and planners for decades. Regardless of modeling techniques, a serious factor of inaccuracy - in most past studies - has been data aggregation. Nowadays, most freeways are equipped with continuous surveillance systems making disaggregate traffic data readily available ; these have been used in few studies. In this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to capitalize highway traffic data collected on a real-time basis at the moment of accident occurrence in order to expand previous road safety work and to highlight potential further applications. To this end, we first examine the effects of various traffic parameters on type of road crash as well as on the injury level sustained by vehicle occupants involved in accidents, while controlling for environmental and geometric factors. Probit models are specified on 4-years of data from the A4-A86 highway section in the Ile-de -France region, France. Empirical findings indicate that crash type can almost exclusively be defined by the prevailing traffic conditions shortly before its occurrence. Increased traffic volume is found to have a consistently positive effect on severity, while speed has a differential effect on severity depending on flow conditions. We then establish a conceptual framework for incident management applications using real-time traffic data on urban freeways. We use dissertation previous findings to explore potential implications towards incident propensity detection and enhanced management

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11

Warsinske, Kelly. "Storytelling and Family Communication about Type 2 Diabetes in an Urban Appalachian Community." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459155334.

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12

Schönfelder, Stefan. "Urban rhythms : modelling the rhythms of individual travel behaviour /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16767.

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13

Blind, Ina. "Essays on Urban Economics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260898.

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This thesis consists of four self-contained essays. Essay 1 (with Olof Åslund and Matz Dahlberg): In this essay we investigate the impact of commuter train access on individual labor market outcomes. Our study considers the exogenous introduction of a commuter train linking locations in the northern part of Uppsala County (Sweden) to the regional employment center, considerably decreasing commuting times by public transit to the center for those living close to the pre-existing railroad. Using difference-in-differences matching techniques on comprehensive individual panel data spanning over a decade, our intention-to-treat estimates show that the reform had mainly no impact on the earnings and employment development among the affected individuals. Essay 2: In this essay I look into the role of public transit for residential sorting by studying how the introduction of a commuter train linking locations in the northern part of Uppsala County (Sweden) to the regional employment center affected migration patterns in the areas served. Using a difference-in-difference(-in-difference) approach and comprehensive individual level data, I find that the commuter train had a positive effect on overall in-migration to the areas served and no effect on the average out-migration rate from these areas. With regards to sorting based on labor market status, I find no evidence of sorting based on employment status but some evidence that the train introduction increased the probability of moving out of the areas served for individuals with high labor incomes relative to the probability for individuals with lower income. Considering sorting along other lines than labor market status, the analysis suggests that people born in non-western countries came to be particularly attracted towards the areas served by the commuter train as compared to other similar areas. Essay 3: In this essay I look into the relation between housing mix and social mix in metropolitan Stockholm (Sweden) over the period 1990-2008. Using entropy measures, I find that although the distribution of tenure types over metropolitan Stockholm became somewhat more even over the studied period, people living in different tenure types still to a large extent tended to live in different parts of the city in 2008. The degree of residential segregation was much lower between different population groups. I further find that the mix of family types, and over time also of birth region groups and income groups, was rather different between different tenure types in the same municipality. The mix of different groups however tended to be similar within different tenure types in the same neighborhood. While the entropy measures provide a purely descriptive picture, the findings thus suggest that tenure type mix could be more useful for creating social mix at the municipal level than for creating social mix at the neighborhood level. Essay 4 (with Matz Dahlberg): The last decade’s immigration to western European countries has resulted in a culturally and religiously more diverse population in these countries. This diversification manifests itself in several ways, where one is through new features in the cityscape. Using a quasi-experimental approach, essay 4 examines how one such new feature, public calls to prayer, affects neighborhood dynamics (house prices and migration). The quasi-experiment is based on an unexpected political process that lead way to the first public call to prayer from a mosque in Sweden combined with rich (daily) information on housing sales. While our results indicate that the public calls to prayer increased house prices closer to the mosque, we find no evidence that the public calls to prayer served as a driver of residential segregation between natives and people born abroad around the mosque in question (no significant effects on migration behavior). Our findings are consistent with a story where some people have a willingness to pay for the possibility to more fully exert their religion which puts an upward pressure on housing in the vicinity of a mosque with public calls to prayer.

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14

Bao, Li. "Tongli, the anatomy of an urban system at Jiangnan Region /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17167.

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15

Robinson, Roy C. Jr. "The simultaneous museum : a transformation of the exclusive type into a coexistent urban form." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69717.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).
The desire to understand art in a context outside of the interpretive control of the museum environment is implicit in much of the work of contemporary artists. The city offers an alternative environment in which art can be understood as a part of a larger social order and the vitality of our everyday lives. To think of the city as a museum context requires first an understanding of the city as a weaving of systems (of movement, of use, of information, etc.); and then an understanding of the city in terms of the range of experiential encounters it offers, i.e. green spaces, public plazas. narrow allies, waterfront edges, heavily inhabited districts, privacies, passageways, and so on. With an understanding of this framework, one can conceive of overlaying yet another layer of encounter which exists in simuItaneaity with the existing urban order, while at times clarifying it or offering alternative interpretations to how the city can be understood. This work will attempt to establish some criteria for such an institution, then use those criteria in the development of the design proposition.
by Roy C. Robinson, Jr.
M.Arch.

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16

Stucker, James Douglas. "The Effects of Urban Land Use Type on Low Order Stream Geochemistry, Columbus, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366212853.

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17

Neumann, Marc Benjamin. "Uncertainty analysis for performance evaluation and design of urban water infrastructure /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16975.

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18

Paschou, Anastasia. "Urban block in post-war Athens : development, form and social context /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18073.

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19

Mohammed, Selina A. "The intersectionality of diabetes and the cultural-political contexts of urban American Indians / Selina A. Mohammed." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7302.

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20

Kienapfel, Christian. ""The Urban Leftover": Open corner situations in the downtown area of berlin." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33300.

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The situation of the "Urban Leftover" caused by the errection of linear building types -the so called "Zeile"- after World War II is obvious in over 100 locations in the former West Berlin, Germany. The radical modern urban concepts of erasing the historic structure of the city -in which context the Zeile was erected were never completly realized. This mixed structure of the traditional Block and Zeile caused the open corner condition and have become an unused urban leftover today. This thesis project studies the phenomenon of the open corner and tries to offer an answer to this urban question.
Master of Architecture

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21

Abdulai, Awudu Abdulai Awudu Abdulai Awudu Abdulai Awudu. "The impacts of policy environment on rural-urban linkages : the case of Ghana /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10493.

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22

Siress, Cary. "The urban unconscious mediating the psyche and the city in the twentieth century /." Zürich : ETH, 2005. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16415.

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23

Seugling, Eric Ben. "The experiential approach to type in an urban Environment : a shopping deck : Farmer's market + retail + parking." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24090.

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24

Hess, Melody L. "Development of a Nutrition Education Program Aimed at Diabetes Prevention and Management in an Urban Appalachian Population." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378109309.

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25

Zhang, Lihong. "Capturing the essential spatial variability in urban hydrologic miodeling by GIS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0032_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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26

Walsh, Abigail B. M. "Beyond the wall : a study which explores the relevance of the enclosed garden as a landscape architectural type with specific reference to the City of Johannesburg." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45281.

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Creating sanctuary within an inhospitable world is one of man’s inherent needs. Even in the desert, Man’s sole means of survival is determined by whether he can find oasis: a fertile place within the vast expanse of the dry desert which provides the contrast of water and shade. In medieval times, Man feared the unknown world of the dense wilderness and used the enclosed garden – hortus conclusus- as a means to protect himself from nature and to create his own internal world of safety. Today, in the 21st century, Man is contending with the harsh conditions of the contemporary urban landscape: “a hybrid landscape in which the distinction between city and environs is erased” (Aben and de Wit 1999:250). which continues to develop horizontally and vertically. This contributes to presenting and creating fragmented and unstable conditions, which need to be addressed. Rob Aben and Saskia de Wit (1999) are authors of the book, The Enclosed Garden: History and Development of the Hortus Conclusis and its Reintroduction into the present-day urban landscape. Both writers believe that if the urban wilderness of today can be likened to the feared natural wilderness of the middle ages, then the hortus conclusus or enclosed garden typology could serve as a landscape design tool which provides man with sanctuary and relief from the city. The enclosed garden typology has withstood and transcended a variety of geographical, climactic and cultural conditions over many centuries. Its adaptability and survival lies in its ability to be the “mediator between dwelling and nature, building and landscape” (Baker 2012:22). Despite its relevance as an architectural and landscape design tool, it is not commonly considered for use in the present day practice of landscape architecture. Nor is it used by designers to solve the problems which exist in the current urban landscape. It is for this reason that Aben and de wit (1999) have thoroughly documented and analysed the development of the enclosed garden typology from its time of origin, to the present day. In addition to this, they have devised four new theories of enclosed garden typology (based on historical precedent), which they believe, provide suitable spatial design principles which can be applied to the contemporary urban landscape. The theory of enclosed gardens has validity due to the fact that it critiques the current urban environment. Investigating and testing this unfamiliar theory of enclosed gardens is thus a relevant topic for landscape architectural research. This dissertation will perform a series of spatial design experiments which will apply and test these theories in order to determine the enclosed garden’s relevance as a successful urban landscape design tool and whether it should be used in the context of Johannesburg’s open space system.
Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
ML(Prof)
Unrestricted

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27

Tang, Donna Taxco. "Walking the Margin: Gender and Urban Spatial Production in La Paz, Mexico." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1394%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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28

De, Noronha Nigel. "Tenure, household, 'home' and the new urban landscape : a mixed methods analysis of the changing private rented sector." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tenure-household-home-and-the-new-urban-landscape-a-mixed-methods-analysis-of-the-changing-private-rented-sector(8e3804a4-4f91-4abf-9cd2-a7758df6c47c).html.

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This thesis critically examines the geography of the growth in the private rented sector (PRS) in England, changing living arrangements and how living in the PRS affects feeling at ‘home’. It moves beyond the grand narratives and individual anecdotes of the ‘housing crisis’ to explain what it means, for whom and where. An integrated mixed methods approach using quantitative analysis of 2001 and 2011 census tables, 2011 Census microdata, the English Housing Survey 2010-11 (EHS) and qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews was combined to address the four key research questions:• How have tenure and household type changed nationally, regionally, at local authority and neighbourhood level between 2001 and 2011?• Who is moving into the PRS and why? What are the characteristics of households living in the PRS?• Do different household types in the PRS tend to live in particular neighbourhoods? What are the characteristics of these neighbourhoods and households?• How do people who live in the PRS feel at ‘home’?The growth of the PRS has led to spatial concentrations by household type and tenure in local authorities across England and changing living arrangements. This was particularly reflected by the concentration of other households with and without dependent children in London and some other areas. At neighbourhood level this revealed spatial polarisation by household type and tenure and the emergence of new urban landscapes caused by housing market constraints which were most likely to affect younger households and those who had migrated both from within and outside the UK. The EHS showed that the majority of newly formed households had moved into the PRS suggesting that it would continue to grow, the PRS was regarded as the least desirable tenure with the majority living in it planning to move, mostly into ownership, in the future and that the PRS led to high levels of relative poverty after housing costs exacerbated by higher fuel costs for some and poorer material conditions including higher levels of overcrowding, particularly for other households with dependent children, damp and cold. Despite these financial and material disadvantages there is evidence that households living in the PRS overcame tenancy constraints to enjoy the emotional, cognitive and social aspects of feeling at home and to engage in home improvement and home-making. As well as these substantive contributions to knowledge this thesis provided both methodological and policy contributions. The use of facet methodology provided critical insights from a number of different quantitative techniques that enabled the substantive contributions on the changing geography and demography of the PRS, residential decision making and feeling at home, and together the innovative of spatial econometric techniques to housing, into the emergence of new urban landscapes. The policy contributions are underpinned by the need to recognise the universal right to a home which: requires market interventions to rebalance landlord and tenant rights; provide a strong case to ensure that no household is forced to live in relative poverty after their housing and fuel costs have been taken into account; and that spatial planning needs to be based on a commitment to meet local housing needs and restrict the power of developers to deliver schemes that lead to gentrification, displacement and spatial exclusion.

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29

Choi, Janet (Janet I. ). "An analysis of area type and the availability of alternative transportation services on subjective well-being : are people happiest in cities?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85816.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 155-159).
This study is a comprehensive analysis of how rural, suburban, and urban areas compare in terms of the subjective well-being (SWB) of their residents and how the availability of transportation services affects SWB. Because an urban environment is often associated with better access to and service for alternative modes of transportation, this study specifically examines the impact of the availability and quality of alternative transportation modes on SWB. In this investigation, SWB is broken down into five different concepts: overall wellbeing, current and future life evaluations, happiness, and city/area satisfaction. A series of geographic analyses indicate SWB can vary significantly depending on the area type (rural, suburban, or urban) and the specific SWB concept in question. In general, urban areas tend to have higher overall Well-Being Index scores, which encompass a variety of SWB concepts. However, urban areas tend to score lower than rural and suburban areas in terms of being happy yesterday and city/area satisfaction. A comparison of urban and suburban areas for ten cities with high levels of alternative transportation services finds that suburbs generally have higher SWB levels than urban areas. Regression analyses indicate commute time is generally a statistically significant negative factor for most concepts of SWB while high levels of walkability and bikeability are positive contributors. When looking at the direct effects of area type, living in a rural or suburban area has a positive impact on city satisfaction and a negative impact on future life evaluation. However, when income is interacted with area type, area type becomes less significant. Finally, location in a city with high alternative transportation service levels does not have a significant impact on SWB for the employed population but does have a significant impact for the unemployed population. Due to the variation in results by area type, geography, and SWB concept, public policies intended to increase SWB should ideally be tailored to a specific area. However, general strategies that could be useful across the United States include reducing commute time and improving walkability/bikeability. Walkability should include a consideration of personal safety and security in addition to distance to various amenities.
by Janet Choi.
S.M. in Transportation
M.C.P.

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Turner-Wilson, Angela Louise. "Healthiness, through the material culture of the late Iron Age and Roman large urban-type settlements of South-East Britain." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2009. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/15294/.

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It has recently been recognised that concepts of health contain multiple dimensions. One area that has received little attention in archaeology is that of health and well-being, so this research seeks to contribute to this area of study. It does so by investigating healthiness in the late Iron Age and Romano-British periods. The literature review explores current thinking around this topic, and confirms that aspects of good health mattered to people in the past. The research explores small finds that are traditionally associated with personal use (mirrors, combs, glass unguent containers, bronze cosmetic grinders and other additional toilet items) from the main urban-type settlements of south-east Britain. The investigation included collecting data concerning the sites, contexts, dates, materials, types, forms, colours and decoration ofthese objects, and any associated archaeological remains found with these items. Given the social nature ofthis work, a contextual approach was central to the design. The research takes an interpretive interdisciplinary position that draws on theoretical models based on the self and other, the body and face, the senses and perception, as well as concepts from material cultural studies, such as agency. Patterns seen in the data-set coupled with theoretical frameworks, and understandings of late Iron Age and Roman life, are brought together, and offer a means of interpreting how and why some of these small finds contributed to practices ofmaintaining good health. These proposals include healthiness in personhood and domestic and public life, in religion and the control of healthiness.

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Redding, Zandria. "The Influence of Testifier Type and Race on Jury Decision Making." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/179.

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The current study examined the relationship of testifier type (expert, character witness) and race. Fifty-three participants were selected via convenience sampling to read four scenarios and answer a series of questions regarding the guilt or innocence of the defendant in each scenario. The scenarios included the absence or presence of racial identifiers and the presence of either a character witness or the testimony of an expert. It was hypothesized that the scenario with the presence of expert testimony will yield more guilty verdicts as well as the effectiveness of the testimony will cause a participant to yield a guiltier verdict. The research concluded that participants rendered more guilty verdicts in the absence of race. Additionally, expert testimony was found to be more effective than the testimony of a character witness even when both testifiers presented the same information.

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Van, Velden Julia. "Metabolic changes to GLUT-4 levels in urban Chacma baboons on the Cape Peninsula: raiding their way to type 2 diabetes?" Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7626.

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The Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) of the Cape Peninsula are established raiders of human food, leading to widespread conflict between this intelligent, adaptable species and humans. The modern Western diet that these baboons have become exposed to has many deleterious effects on health, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this population of baboons have lowered GLUT-‐4 transporter protein levels in comparison to wild-‐feeding baboons, as an indication of insulin abnormalities. GLUT-‐4 levels were analysed via Western Blot and DXA scanning was used to compare physical characteristics between these two groups. No significant difference in GLUT-‐4 levels was found, however the two groups differed in three physical variables, with the semi-‐provisioned Peninsula group having higher total weight (kg)(p<0,05), total body lean mass (kg) (p<0,01) and bone mineral content (kg)(p<0,001) than the wild-‐feeding controls. These results indicate that male individuals from the Peninsula population are bigger but not fatter than wild-‐feeding male baboons from the Eastern Cape population. Although it could not be determined whether human food is causing insulin abnormalities in the Cape Peninsula’s population of Chacma baboons, this study indicates that this is a promising area of research, likely to affect the management strategies used on this population.

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Erni, Marco. "Modelling urban water flows : an insight into current and future water availability and pollution of a fast growing city : case study of Kumasi, Ghana /." [Dübendorf] : eawag, aquatic research, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=307.

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34

Turner, Scot Bruce. "Teacher's Perceptions of Leadership Characteristics of Public High School Principals Associated with Student Socioeconomic Status, Community Type, Race, and Student Achievement." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26127.

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This causal comparative study examined the relationship of the school demographic factors of ethnicity, socioeconomic percentages, academic performance, and school location (urban versus rural) on principal leadership with data analyzed when schools were placed into groups ex-post-facto. One-Hundred and sixty-nine teachers representing six public high schools located in Virginia were surveyed using Powell's (2004) survey. Five areas, or domains of leadership were analyzed, (I) Vision, Mission, and Culture; (II) Curriculum and Classroom Instruction; (III) Collaboration and Shared Leadership; (IV) Family and Community Involvement; (V) Effective Management. Quantitative data were analyzed (means, frequency, ANOVA, Tukey-Kramer HSD) with school results placed into demographic groups and locations to examine group differences in perceptions of principal leadership. Significant differences were found when schools were grouped according to location and demographic factors. A model of the contextual elements on the role of principal leadership was developed, and implications for research and future studies were presented.
Ed. D.

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35

Frank, Laura [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulze, Matthias [Gutachter] Schulze, and Reinhard [Gutachter] Busse. "Type 2 diabetes in urban Ghana : the role of anthropometry and nutrition / Laura Frank ; Gutachter: Matthias Schulze, Reinhard Busse ; Betreuer: Matthias Schulze." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156270235/34.

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36

Ghosh, Hasu. "Diversity, Disparity and Diabetes: Voices of Urban First Nations and Métis People, Health Service Providers and Policy Makers." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24246.

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While previous health research with Aboriginal populations focused almost exclusively on Aboriginal Peoples of First Nations descent living on reserves or in isolated rural communities in Canada, this study focusing on diabetes aimed to engage Aboriginal Peoples of First Nations and Métis descent living in an urban Ontario setting. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive metabolic disorder that affects Aboriginal Peoples of Métis and First Nations descent disproportionately compared to the rest of the Canadian population. To understand this disparity in diabetes incidence and to address issues with existing diabetes prevention and management strategies, this study: a) explores the perceptions surrounding Type 2 diabetes and its prevention from First Nations and Métis community people and health service providers and policy makers; and b) informs the existing diabetes prevention, management and care strategies in light of these perceived understandings. Primary data was collected through 40 in-depth one-on-one narrative interviews with First Nations and Métis people, health service providers and policy makers. Thematic codes that emerged through the narrative analysis of this data revealed that to fully understand the social determinants of diabetes in an urban First Nations and Métis people’s context required the application of intersectionality theory, since production of First Nations and Métis diabetes is socially determined and deeply intersectional. By combining the concepts of the social determinants of health and intersectional approaches, narrative analysis of the primary data revealed that diversities in socio-economic, cultural, legal and spatial contexts determine First Nations and Métis people’s life choices and have a strong bearing on their health outcomes. First Nations and Métis participants’ narratives revealed that dimensions of marginalization were reflected not only through inadequate material resources, but also through intersections of multiple factors such as colonial legacies, stereotyping, legal statuses, and the pan-Aboriginal nature of government policies and services. First Nations and Métis community members indicated that preventive programming aimed at avoiding or managing diabetes should be grounded in balancing and restoring the positive aspects of physical, mental, spiritual and emotional health and should also balance their diverse needs, lived realities, and social circumstances. The views of health service providers and policy makers captured in this thesis tended to reflect an understanding of diabetes causation grounded in both biomedical and intersecting social determinants of health. At the pragmatic level, however, the solution to this health issue presented by health service providers and policy makers addresses only the measurable individualistic biomedical risk factors of diabetes. Policy makers also discussed the need for developing qualitative indicators of the success of presently implemented health programs. Overall, the results of this study indicated that effective diabetes prevention and management strategies for urban First Nations and Métis people must recognize and address the diversities in their historical, socio-economic, spatial and legal contexts as well as their related entitlement to health services. A comprehensive diabetes prevention strategy should target the social determinants of health that are specific to urban First Nations and Métis people and must build on community strengths.

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Dinler, Oya. "A Comparative Formal Investigation Of The Bath-gymnasium Complex Plan Type In Roman Asia Minor As A Reflection Of Romanization And Urban Renewal." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608654/index.pdf.

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This thesis investigates the formal aspects of the bath-gymnasium complex plan type which was developed in Asia Minor during the Roman era in relation to the development of the the imperial thermae in Rome, the capital city of the Roman Empire. Close resemblances in the architectural configuration of bath-gymnasium complexes and imperial thermae are analyzed in order to provide complementary insight concernin the evolution of Roman bath architecture and bathing tradition. The comparative investigation of the formal aspects of the plan types reveals the contribution of Asia Minor and its role in influencing the architectural developments in the capital. The thesis concentrates on the development of the bath-gymnasium complex plan type in Asia Minor and the imperial thermae in Rome in order to elucidate the outcomes of mutual influence in criss-crossing Greek and Italic features. Crucial to this investigation ,s the understanding of the multiple effects of historical processes such as Hellenization, Romanization and urbanization that were synthesized in the bath architecture of the capital and the provinces. Also, the symbolic, cosmological, and political aspects of Roman bath architecture are highlighted ,n this thesis.

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Steyl, Tania. "Designing and determining the effectiveness of a health promotion programme for clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from an urban South African community." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4582.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Diabetes mellitus, an international pandemic, is one of the greatest threats to global public health. It is estimated that 70% of patients with diabetes are living in developing countries. Since the inception of the Primary Health Care approach in South Africa in 2004, the number of patients with diabetes has doubled to an estimated 1.5 million South Africans. The overall aim of the study was to develop, implement and determine the effectiveness of a health promotion intervention for adult clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from a South African urban community. The overarching design of the study was that of mixed methods, specifically the parallel mixed design. The first phase of the study was to determine the current practices regarding the management of diabetes mellitus and the study sample comprised of three hundred and thirty five adult clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and eighteen health care professionals of randomly-selected community health centres (CHCs) in the four sub-structures of the Cape Metropolitan District. Data was collected from the adult clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with structured, self-administered questionnaires and focus group discussions while semi-structured interviews were done with the health care professionals. The second phase of the study aimed to design a health promotion programme and both a review of the literature and a Delphi study were done to develop the proposed programme.

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39

McEwan, Cameron. "The architecture of analogy : an inquiry into Aldo Rossi's theory of the city, the discipline, the type, and the analogue." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1a014dcb-9b04-4e26-9559-a95676fa7891.

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The aim of this dissertation is to put forward conceptual frameworks to inquire into and update the following theoretical categories of Aldo Rossi’s architectural production: the city as an artefact, the idea of type, architectural autonomy, history understood as collective imagination, and the concept of the analogical city. On one hand, our inquiry puts forward a close reading of particular aspects of Rossi’s formal and theoretical production, examining Rossi’s work as well as other commentators on Rossi’s work. On the other, the inquiry is supported by a selective reading of major figures as well as canonical theories and projects from the discipline of architecture. In both cases detailed readings of texts, drawings, built and unbuilt work is undertaken to extrapolate the theoretical categories as well as key descriptive characteristics. These develop the conceptual frameworks which are diagrams that visualise the relations between categories and characteristics. Revisiting Rossi helps us re-engage with architecture as a discipline that simultaneously produces its own historical-formal body of knowledge while co-determining the wider social imagination. The discipline has, in the last decades, become weakened by the continuing proliferation of unique architecture-objects and the rejection of architecture’s fixed terms of reference. By discussing the category of discipline, we point to future work on how architecture negotiates its formal condition and its societal role. We re-learn that architecture is an instrument that puts forward singular alternative ways of living – formal possibilities – and critical interpretations of existing conditions – theoretical alternatives. The primary method of inquiry is visual and literary montage. Simultaneously analytic and synthetic, montage provides a way to isolate theoretical categories and formal examples from the mass of material, then produce new insight by making connections between things otherwise different.

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40

Norman, Laura Margaret. "Modeling Land Use Change and Associate Water Quality Impacts in the Ambos Nogales Watershed, US-Mexico Border." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1427%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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41

Oggins, Cy R. "Identifying and protecting community values in western water a survey of community leaders' perceptions towards rural-to-urban water transfers /." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1990_662_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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42

Vogel, Octavia L. "The affects of marital status as a proxy measure of social support in urban African American type 2 diabetes patients on depression rates and health status." restricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12012008-172945/.

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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Russell Toal, committee chair; Dominique Musselman, Ike Okosun, committee members. Description based on contents viewed July 7, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-54).

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43

Alighardashi, Abolghasem. "Composés pharmaceutiques et eaux usées urbaines. I, Analyse bibliographique. II, Effet de deux antibiotiques de type macrolide sur les boues activées." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL050N/document.

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Les principaux points de dispersion des composés pharmaceutiques dans l’environnement sont les stations d’épuration des eaux usées. A partir de l’analyse de la base de données constituée au cours de ce travail, les quantités de ces composés trouvées dans ces installations peuvent être directement liées à celles de médicaments consommés. La situation, quant à leur élimination de la phase liquide, est contrastée. Ainsi certaines hormones sont éliminées avec des rendements importants mais d’autres ne le sont pas du tout. Les produits radio-contrastants à base d’halogènes et notamment d’iode, soupçonnés d’être cancérogènes, sont majoritairement non biodégradables. Les effets d’antibiotiques sur les boues activées ont été plus particulièrement étudiés du fait de leur consommation, de leur présence dans les milieux aquatiques et de leur action spécifique sur les bactéries. Des expériences permettant d’évaluer la toxicité de ces principes actifs ont été conduites sur des boues activées en réacteur discontinu, avec un suivi de la morphologie des flocs par analyse d’images de microscopie optique. Il a été ainsi observé que, selon la concentration utilisée, l’érythromycine et la tylosine, macrolides largement utilisés respectivement en médecine humaine et vétérinaire, inhibent l’élimination de la pollution organique et dégradent l’ensemble de la biomasse. Ces antibiotiques ont également un effet néfaste sur le métabolisme de l’azote, qu’il s’agisse de l’ammonification, de la nitritation et de la nitratation
The main sources of dispersion of pharmaceutical substances in environment are wastewater treatment plants. Based on the analysis of the database built during this project, the amounts of pharmaceutical substances found in plants can be directly related to the amount consumed. Regarding their elimination from the liquid phase, the situation is very disparate. The elimination yield of hormones can be null or very large. Halogen-based X-ray contrast media (or AOX) are mainly non biodegradable. The effects of antibiotics on activated sludge have been especially investigated due to their consumption, presence in aquatic environment and specific action on bacteria. Batch tests have been performed to evaluate the toxicity of these active pharmaceutical ingredients on activated sludge. Sludge morphology was monitored by analysis of light microscopy images. Depending upon the applied dose, erythromycin and tylosin, two macrolides widely used for human and animal health care, inhibit the elimination of organic pollution and damage biomass. These antibiotics have a deleterious effect on ammonification, nitritation and nitratation

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Downes, Nigel Keith [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Schmidt, and Nguyen Xuan [Gutachter] Thinh. "Climate adaptation planning: an urban structure type approach for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of risks in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam / Nigel Keith Downes ; Gutachter: Michael Schmidt, Nguyen Xuan Thinh." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205483152/34.

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45

Spires, Mark Haydn. "Community insights into, and an international perspective on the role food environments and diet play in the self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban and rural South Africa." The University of the Western Cpae, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6470.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes contribute increasingly to the global burden of disease. Along with other behavioural risk factors, diet plays a key role in the onset and management of the disease, in turn largely determined by what foods are immediately accessible in local food environments. With this in mind, this thesis aims to answer the research question: What role do local food environments play in promoting or inhibiting access to healthy foods as part of the self - management of T2DM in urban and rural communities in South Africa, and what can be learned from an international perspective? Specific research objectives include, to: 1. Understand the current national-level policy context with regard to the observed rise in NCDs, their proximal determinants (specifically an observed change in diet patterns), and contributing environmental factors; 2. Identify the current food-related environmental factors associated with the onset and/or management of T2DM in an urban and a rural setting (as well as in four additional international settings in order to provide an international perspective); 3. Explore community perspectives of the role the local food environment plays in the self-management of T2DM in an urban and a rural setting; and, consequently 4. Recommend intervention- and/or policy-related actions that can be implemented based on study findings. A review of the literature and relevant policies was conducted towards achieving the first research objective. Quantitative data were systematically collected at an urban and rural site in South Africa through the creation of an ‘environmental profile’ in an attempt to achieve the second objective – comparable urban and rural data was also collected as part of a larger study at two other international sites (Kampala, Uganda and Stockholm, Sweden) to provide an international perspective. Included in the third objective is the collection of qualitative data through a community based participatory research method at the same urban and rural sites in South Africa. Finally, intervention and/or policy-related recommendations are developed based on study findings and in consultation with relevant stakeholders through interviews.
2018-12-14

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46

Muthukumar, Subrahmanyam. "The application of advanced inventory techniques in urban inventory data development to earthquake risk modeling and mitigation in mid-America." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26662.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--City Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: French, Steven P.; Committee Member: Drummond, William; Committee Member: Goodno, Barry; Committee Member: McCarthy, Patrick; Committee Member: Yang, Jiawen. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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47

Khabbaz, Saberi Hamid. "Hydraulic characteristics and performance of stormwater pollutant trap respect to weir's height, flow gradients, pipe diameters and pollutant capture." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2143.

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The main focus of urban stormwater runoff disposal has traditionally been to provide structurally-sound drainage systems to carry runoff from many different surfaces without considering water quality at outfall. This has contributed to the decline of water quality in rivers and lakes and other receiving bodies. According to Lord (1987), "stormwater management is primarily concerned with limiting future flood damages and environmental impacts due to development, where as flood control aims at reducing the extent of flooding that occurs under current conditions". Recent developments in stormwater pollutant trap (SPTs), which are generally end-of-the-line devices designed to capture and store gross pollutants, for subsequent removal and disposal.During the last few decades, use of SPTs as a source of collecting and removing pollutants from stormwater (which carries many different types of chemicals and nonchemical pollutants that contaminates our rivers, lakes and other receiving bodies) has increased considerably. Wide-ranging efforts and attempts have been made in both academic and industrial research to improve the quality of stormwater by improving the use of gross pollutant traps (GPTs – known as hydrodynamic separators) by utilising and improving available experimental and modelling techniques. The use of vortex phenomena has always been a challenging problem and available data is rare and complicated in the literature. This research focuses on detailed investigation by experimental means. The generated vortex in this experiment is created in a cylindrical chamber above the level of a cylindrical screening basket. In addition, the research analyses the processes involved in this separation technique.One scale model of a Versa Trap (Type A) was experimentally analysed to investigate and establish the relationship between headloss and flow rate and hydraulic characteristics of a weir in a diversion weir pit. The Versa trap Type A storm pollutant traps are usually used as off-line traps in city and urban areas to capture and store debris – especially those which are captured from surfaces such as rooftops, paved streets, highways, parking lots, lawns, and paved and gravelled roads (Allison et al., 1998). The Versa Trap Type A utilises an upstream diversion weir pit to divert the design treatment flow (DTF) into the treatment chamber. Treated flow returns to the diversion pit downstream of the weir, where it re-enters the drainage system. Peak flow in excess of the DTF bypasses the SPT over the weir into the pipeline downstream.It has been demonstrated that the aggregate of all flows of three months average recurrence interval (ARI) and less represented the majority (up to 97.5%) of the total flow generated by a stormwater drainage catchment (Works, 2006). There is some conjecture as to the veracity of the ‘first flush’ theory, which holds that most of the pollutants in the catchments are transported during the first flush of the storm event (Lee et al., 2007). However, it is generally accepted that SPTs should be sized so as to treat only a portion of the peak flow, with excess flows bypassing the trap. The three month ARI peak flow is commonly taken as appropriate for establishing the minimum DTF required of the SPT.The measurement of headloss across a scale model of a VT Type A storm pollutant trap at a range of flow rates through the SPT, provide data from which a mathematical relationship between flow rate and the headloss cab be established for the device.The resultant relationship then can be used in another part of the experiment to establish the hydraulic characteristics of a weir across a cylindrical chamber, as used for the upstream diversion weir pit in conjunction with the Type A VT range of SPTs. By varying the weir height in a scale model of a diversion weir pit and measuring the flow rates associated with headlosses determined from the previously established relationship, the relationship between weir height and diverted flow can be established. This allows the designer to specify the weir height required to divert the flow rate associated with a specific peak flow or treatment flow of SPT design.Two main characteristics which determine the performance of a gross pollutant trap are trapping efficiency and required maintenance. The trapping efficiency is defined as the portion of the total mass of gross pollutant transported by stormwater that is retained by the trap. A low trapping efficiency means that gross pollutants pass through the trap and reach downstream waters. A poorly-maintained trap will be inefficient at trapping pollutants and is also a potential source of pollutants as trapped materials break down.The experiment parts of this project were tested at Curtin University of Technology’s Hydraulic Laboratory. To replicate typical in-situ conditions, the VT Type A was tested for 0, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66 and 77% simulated blocked screen conditions for trapping efficiency. Data analysis has demonstrated that the headloss increases in proportion to flow rates and screen blockage condition. The results were scaled up to provide data on the full range of unit sizes. This research describes the testing and scaling methodologies in detail, with graphical representation of headloss and other hydraulic parameters at various conditions. The study’s findings have capabilities to optimise any other types of stormwater treatment systems. These types of traps’ are used in commercial and residential environment.This experiment is in continuation of the experiment which was conducted by Muhammad Ismail on industrial gross pollutant traps using double basket to trap the debris for industrial application.Also another good reference for pollutant build up and wash off modelling of impervious surfaces in Perth area, is done by Saadat Ashraf in his PhD thesis. For more information refer to references.

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Lupala, John Modestus. "Urban types in rapidly urbanising cities." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3426.

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One of the challenges confronting cities innon-industrialised countries today is the fact that cities aregrowing at unprecedented rates, sizes and densities. Growthtrends in these cities are largely unregulated. In thesecountries, cities have changed in at least four major ways:their size, spatial organisation or morphology, the quality anddistribution of public services and infrastructure and theiremployment base. While this situation can be attributed toglobal urbanisation trends, the general poor knowledge on howthese cities develop, densify and acquire certain physicalcharacteristics has limited effective urban planning andmanagement. At times, the pervasive knowledge gap has beenassociated with the lack of relevant theories and concepts toexplain the evolution, growth and prevailing spatial qualities.However, the limited research in this field has alsocontributed to this problem. The other problem that confrontsthe rapidly urbanising city is continued sprawl that has beenmanifested in externalities of inadequate infrastructureprovision and under-utilisation of scarce resourcesparticularly land.

This thesis is an attempt to contribute towards addressingthese two problem areas. The main field of study is on urbantypes within a rapidly urbanising city context. Dar es Salaamcity was selected a case study area. The study exploresthetheoretical framework for classification and analysis ofsettlements. The relevance of this framework in the studycontext is examined. At low scale level, the study provides ananalysis of house forms, density, plot characteristics, spacesand space uses in formal and informal settlements.

The analysis shows that urbanisation under poverty andlow-density urban types greatly influence the sprawlingcharacter of the city. The increasing market-led housingdevelopment and ineffective planning responses are contributingfactors to the observed unguided densification anddeteriorating spatial qualities. It has also been shown thatwhile theoretical frameworks developed from most industrialisedcountries can be adapted to analyse urban types innon-industrialised countries, these theories are limited incomprehending fully the growth and character of rapidlyurbanising cities.

Key words:Urban types, house forms, density, plotcharacteristics, spaces and space use, spatial quality, formaland informal settlements, Dar es Salaam.

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GREEN, ADAM J. "URBAN EDGE: SUBURBAN DREAMS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1084900580.

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50

Lane, Alan Gordon, University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Natural Sciences. "Frog abundance and diversity in urban and non-urban habitats in the upper Blue Mountains (New South Wales)." THESIS_CHS_NSC_Lane_A.xml, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/463.

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This study was undertaken between July 24, 2003 and January 16, 2004 to investigate the influence of urban development upon the abundance and species diversity of frogs in the upper Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. Five urban sites were paired with matched non-urban sites. Urban sites were located within or on the fringes of the towns of Katoomba and Blackheath and were subject to varying degrees of physical disturbance, as well as degradation and pollution by urban runoff and sewage. The non-urban sites were located within the Blue Mountains National Park and were effectively un-impacted by human activity. No adequate explanation emerged for the marked difference between the frog assemblages at the two types of habitat. It is speculated that the salts, detergents and other chemicals in urban wastewaters (roadway runoff, yard runoff and sewage) may provide the frogs at urban sites with some level of protection against disease, particularly chytridiomycosis. All indications from this and previous work are that the frog abundance and diversity in non-urban habitats in the upper Blue Mountains of New South Wales are showing the same trends in decline as observed in other montane regions of Australia. Urban habitats are important population reservoirs for the diversity of frog species absent from the non-urban habitats, but are vulnerable to progressive destruction from a variety of human impacts. Efforts should be made by municipal authorities to recognise their significance and to protect them from future loss
Master of Science (Hons)

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