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Статті в журналах з теми "Urban transitions"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Andersson, Claes, Steen Rasmussen, and Roger White. "Urban Settlement Transitions." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29, no. 6 (December 2002): 841–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b12813.

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Urban growth dynamics attracts the efforts of scientists from many different disciplines with objectives ranging from theoretical understanding to the development of carefully tuned realistic models that can serve as planning and policy tools. Theoretical models are often abstract and of limited applied value while most applied models yield little theoretical understanding. Here we present a mathematically well-defined model based on a modified Markov random field with lattice-wide interactions that produces realistic growth patterns as well as behavior observed in a range of other models based on diffusion-limited aggregation, cellular automata, and similar models. We investigate the framework's ability to generate plausible patterns using minimal assumptions about the interaction parameters since the tuning and specific definition of these are outside of the scope of this paper. Typical universality classes of the simulated dynamics and the phase transitions between them are discussed in the context of real urban dynamics. Using suitability data derived from topography, we produce configurations quantitatively similar to real cities. Also, an intuitive class of interaction rules is found to produce fractal configurations, not unlike vascular systems, that resemble urban sprawl. The dynamics are driven by interactions, depicting human decisions, between all lattice points. This is realized in a computationally efficient way using a mean-field renormalization (area average) approach. The model provides a mathematically transparent framework to which any level of detail necessary for actual urban planning application can be added.

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2

Bulkeley, Harriet, Lars Coenen, Niki Frantzeskaki, Christian Hartmann, Annica Kronsell, Lindsay Mai, Simon Marvin, Kes McCormick, Frank van Steenbergen, and Yuliya Voytenko Palgan. "Urban living labs: governing urban sustainability transitions." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 22 (October 2016): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.02.003.

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3

Mäkinen, Kirsi, Paula Kivimaa, and Ville Helminen. "Path creation for urban mobility transitions." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 4 (June 8, 2015): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2014-0115.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine spatiality of transitions by combining aspects of urban form to policy analysis. It aims to increase understanding of how urban form relates to potential effects of transport policies on urban mobility transitions. Design/methodology/approach – Novel analytical framework combines concepts of path dependence, path creation and path destabilisation to three urban fabrics (walking, transit and car cities), to study the transition potential of recent transport policy measures influencing the Helsinki region in Finland. Findings – Analysis showed that the potential effects of single policy measures often reach over all three urban fabrics. A policy measure may simultaneously contain elements of both path dependence, i.e. support for fossil-fuel based private motoring in the car city and path creation, i.e. stimulation of innovations in transit or walking cities. Policy outcomes are often conditional on implementation of other policy measures. For transition governance, this indicates that policy mixes should both destabilise car cities and enforce path creation in walking and transit cities. Research limitations/implications – Findings are based on potential rather than evaluated impacts and a limited sample of policies. Practical implications – Findings support previous research on the importance of policy coherence: multiple policies and coherence across domains are important. They demonstrate the usefulness of analysing recent or planned policies from the transition perspective. Originality/value – The paper provides novel insights by combining policy analysis to the spatial model of overlapping urban fabrics. In addition, it applies the concepts of path dependence, path creation and path destabilisation in a new way.

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4

Silver, Jonathan, and Simon Marvin. "Powering sub-Saharan Africa’s urban revolution: An energy transitions approach." Urban Studies 54, no. 4 (September 29, 2016): 847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016668105.

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This paper develops a geographic understanding of urban energy transitions in sub-Saharan African towns and cities. In doing so this paper seeks to critically reflect on the value and limits of urban transitions analysis as a framework for understanding energy networks beyond the largely integrated systems across the Global North. We explore how these potentials and deficits can be addressed by examining promising developments across a series of debates in urban studies that can help sensitise this approach to energyscapes in the African context. By reviewing urban transitions analysis through these debates the paper offers four important contributions to expand existing ways of understanding energy transition. These include the particular urbanisation dynamics of African towns ands cities, the need to locate the urban across energy regimes, the agencies of various intermediaries and urban actors and the contested politics inherent in the governing of energy networks. In the conclusion we reflect on the specific directions that have emerged from the paper in relation to our contributions, offering a geographically informed framework that allows us to better examine the challenges and specificities of transition across these rapidly growing urban regions.

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5

Trisciuoglio, Marco, Michela Barosio, Ana Ricchiardi, Zeynep Tulumen, Martina Crapolicchio, and Rossella Gugliotta. "Transitional Morphologies and Urban Forms: Generation and Regeneration Processes—An Agenda." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 6233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116233.

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Grounded in the study of urban morphology, this position paper seeks to overcome the analysis of the permanent elements of a city in the search for a transitional paradigm in urban morphology, with the aim of grasping the dynamics of urban evolution and providing operative tools for the design of urban regeneration through an adaptive approach. Four actions for urban analysis are suggested here to highlight urban dynamics through the use of different tools: (a) sorting the transitional steps of urban morphologies (within rapid market processes), (b) underlining rules and processes that characterize urban coding in transitions, (c) mapping urban assemblages in an adaptive city, and (d) reading and representing the phenomenon of urban permutation. The results of this multifaceted and multidimensional set of analytical tools make it possible to outline a new paradigm for design thinking that moves towards a parametric approach to the urban design of cities in transition by broadening the extent of the urban regeneration process and supporting urban policies in the framework of a community-based approach.

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6

Boyer, Robert. "Sociotechnical Transitions and Urban Planning." Journal of Planning Education and Research 34, no. 4 (October 17, 2014): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x14554037.

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7

Fuenfschilling, Lea, Niki Frantzeskaki, and Lars Coenen. "Urban experimentation & sustainability transitions." European Planning Studies 27, no. 2 (October 12, 2018): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1532977.

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8

Peter, Camaren. "Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Developmental Transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging Economic Ecosystems and the Entrepreneurial State." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137360.

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This study theorizes social innovation-based transitions to sustainable urban development from the perspective of the African urban condition, highlighting that large infrastructure and service provision deficits, poverty, inequality, heavy import dependence and the prevalence of dual formal–informal sector systems are key factors to account for in a just, sustainable urban African developmental transition. It identifies an opportunity space that can be leveraged for urban and broader transitions to sustainability on the continent by leveraging “economic ecosystems” for local scale social innovation-based development interventions. It theorizes that multi-level transitions to sustainability can be engendered by adopting an entrepreneurial state led approach at local scales by using economic ecosystems as the framework to (1) stimulate social innovation-based entrepreneurship that meets local and local–regional demands through decentralized, low cost, small-scale infrastructures, technologies and services, (2) leverage social innovation-based economic ecosystems for catalyzing multi-scalar transitions to sustainability, (3) recast the role of the entrepreneurial state, specifically in relation to social innovation and sustainable urban development (SUD) in Africa and (4) bridge formal–informal sector dualism. This framing prioritizes local economic development over centralized, state-led interventions that involve grand-scale masterplans, wholly new satellite cities and bulk infrastructure deployments in conceptualizing sustainable urban development transitions in Africa.

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9

Soliman, Ahmed M., and Yahya A. Soliman. "Exposing urban sustainability transitions: urban expansion in Alexandria, Egypt." International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 14, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2022.2056894.

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10

Ernstson, Henrik, Sander E. van der Leeuw, Charles L. Redman, Douglas J. Meffert, George Davis, Christine Alfsen, and Thomas Elmqvist. "Urban Transitions: On Urban Resilience and Human-Dominated Ecosystems." AMBIO 39, no. 8 (July 29, 2010): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0081-9.

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11

Tsukai, Makoto, Satoko Ohno, and Yuta Tsukano. "Transition of Socio-Demographic Characteristics in Urban Areas by Applying a Topic Model to Small Area Units." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14021010.

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Under the depopulation society in Japan, the hollowing out and suburbanization of urban areas have become very serious problems, but an appropriate analytical tool for land use transition has not yet been proposed. This study analyzes the transitions in socio-demographic characteristics of small area units in the Fukuoka and Kitakyushu metropolitan areas by applying a topic model to geographical data. Plotting the topic shares on a map clarified the spatial distribution of topics, and the transitions between two cross-sections were analyzed along with other geographical characteristics. Our empirical study showed that the topic model could clearly and quantitatively describe the transitions between two cross-sections of these urban areas. The topic model revealed that the urban center of the Fukuoka metropolitan area was expanding, while the urban center of the Kitakyushu metropolitan area was shrinking. In suburban areas, both metropolitan areas had increasing low-density residential and commercial land use. In the Kitakyushu metropolitan area, this transition could seriously threaten the sustainability of land use, since the total population had significantly decreased.

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12

Huang, Ping, and Vanesa Castán Broto. "Interdependence between Urban Processes and Energy Transitions: The Dimensions of Urban Energy Transitions (DUET) Framework." Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 28 (September 2018): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2018.03.004.

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13

Canesi, Rubina, and Giuliano Marella. "Towards European Transitions: Indicators for the Development of Marginal Urban Regions." Land 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010027.

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Urban transitions and urban-scape have been heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and will likely be affected by the current Ukrainian-Russian conflict. These two major events have affected European urban regions and especially marginal regions. Indeed, these regions are mostly struggling with inequality, lack of optionality, interoperability, and resilience due to their energy dependency and digital asymmetries. The continuous demand for a green and digital transition to strengthen social and economic resilience sought and targeted by the European Community has driven the policy of recent years to new European Guidelines. Nevertheless, the digital transition will require sustainability targets in the urban context, changing economic, social, and ecological relationships and balances. In this context, faced with these new transitions, marginal urban regions must plan, design, build, and manage future urban planning choices in a new digital-hybrid space. Therefore, it is crucial to support these transitions with a multi-dimensional sustainability concept through economic, environmental, social, and digital measurements. Urban sustainability indicators (USIs) play an essential role in supporting urban choices and planning. The current study analyzes recent literature and European standards to verify if and how they have changed in embracing the European Policy Pillar under a new and different sustainability profile, which needs to include digital sustainability. As a matter of fact, even if the concept of digitization has been recognized as a pillar of ongoing transitions, the literature and even European indicators struggle to recognize it as a tangible and measurable indicator of sustainability. Seeking to bridge the gap between European requirements and urban practice, the aim of this study is to identify and suggest new key indicators of digitalization to enable the digital sustainability of urban planning to be measured. These indicators can be used to implement a new valuation tool capable of supporting marginal regions by promoting sustainable urban investments in this new hybrid space.

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14

Yu, Zhen, and David Gibbs. "Unravelling the role of green entrepreneurs in urban sustainability transitions: A case study of China’s Solar City." Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (December 17, 2019): 2901–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019888144.

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This paper aims to understand the role of green entrepreneurs in urban sustainability transitions. We propose an analytical framework combining transition approaches and green entrepreneurship from a relational lens. It includes four processes: emergence of green entrepreneurs, multi-scalar interest coordination, empowering through anchoring, and struggling with the regime at the urban scale. This framework is illustrated through an empirical analysis of the role of green entrepreneurs in the development of the solar water heater industry in China’s Solar City. The analysis unravels how the local institutional contexts and multi-scalar relations empowered local green entrepreneurs to become system builders for urban transitions.

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15

Cheah, Charissa S. L., Krista M. Trinder, and Tara N. Gokavi. "Urban/rural and gender differences among Canadian emerging adults." International Journal of Behavioral Development 34, no. 4 (April 30, 2010): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409339152.

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Although cultural and subcultural differences during the transition to adulthood have been examined, important factors like rural/urban upbringing and gender differences among Canadian emerging adults have been neglected. The present study explored developmentally significant tasks including criteria for adulthood, beliefs about religiosity, and risk-taking behaviors among 287 male and female Canadian emerging adults from rural and urban backgrounds. Results revealed that compared to their urban counterparts, rural emerging adults were more likely to place importance on role and biological transitions as criteria for achieving adulthood, and engaged in more risk-taking behaviors (excluding smoking). Female emerging adults were more likely to believe in the importance of role transition, norm compliance, and family capacities compared to males, and were more likely to smoke. In contrast, males were more likely than females to espouse the importance of biological transitions and engage in non-smoking risk behaviors. These findings were interpreted in light of sociocultural and gender socialization differences among emerging adults from rural and urban upbringings.

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16

Clark, Shelley, and Cassandra Cotton. "Transitions to adulthood in urban Kenya." Demographic Research 28 (May 28, 2013): 1053–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2013.28.37.

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17

Hodson, Mike, Frank Geels, and Andy McMeekin. "Reconfiguring Urban Sustainability Transitions, Analysing Multiplicity." Sustainability 9, no. 2 (February 17, 2017): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9020299.

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18

Torrens, Jonas, Linda Westman, Marc Wolfram, Vanessa Castán Broto, Jake Barnes, Markus Egermann, Franziska Ehnert, et al. "Advancing urban transitions and transformations research." Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 41 (December 2021): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2021.10.026.

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19

Rauch, W., C. Urich, P. M. Bach, B. C. Rogers, F. J. de Haan, R. R. Brown, M. Mair, et al. "Modelling transitions in urban water systems." Water Research 126 (December 2017): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.039.

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20

Murcio, Roberto, Antonio Sosa-Herrera, and Suemi Rodriguez-Romo. "Second-order metropolitan urban phase transitions." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 48 (March 2013): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2013.01.001.

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21

Cai, Bowen, Zhenfeng Shao, Shenghui Fang, and Xiao Huang. "Quantifying Dynamic Coupling Coordination Degree of Human–Environmental Interactions During Urban–Rural Land Transitions of China." Land 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060935.

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Urban–rural land transition and the coordination of coupled human–environmental systems are two important issues in the process of global urban–rural development. Although existing studies have explored the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of human–environmental interactions under the context of urbanization, few studies have taken land transitions into consideration. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of CCD in China from 2001 to 2018 using multisource remote sensing data and quantified the CCD changes in land transitions among urban construction land (UCL), rural residential land (RRL), and non-construction land (NCL). The CCD alterations mainly occurred in the decline in NCL stock, the increase in UCL stock, and especially the losses during RRL to NCL transfers. We urge academics and government decision-makers to pay more attention to the CCD transfers and losses during urban–rural transitions. This study provides scientific guidance for the development of urban–rural integration and is expected to assist the coordinated evaluation of human–environmental interactions in the process of sustainable development.

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22

Swilling, Mark, and Maarten Hajer. "Governance of urban transitions: towards sustainable resource efficient urban infrastructures." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 125007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7d3a.

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23

Fastenrath, Sebastian, and Boris Braun. "Lost in Transition? Directions for an Economic Geography of Urban Sustainability Transitions." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072434.

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Socio-technical transitions towards more sustainable modes of production and consumption are receiving increasing attention in the academic world and also from political and economic decision-makers. There is increasing demand for resource-efficient technologies and institutional innovations, particularly at the city level. However, it is widely unclear how processes of change evolve and develop and how they are embedded in different socio-spatial contexts. While numerous scholars have contributed to the vibrant research field around sustainability transitions, the geographical expertise largely has been ignored. The lack of knowledge about the role of spatial contexts, learning processes, and the co-evolution of technological, economical, and socio-political processes has been prominently addressed. Bridging approaches from Transition Studies and perspectives of Economic Geography, the paper presents conceptual ideas for an evolutionary and relational understanding of urban sustainability transitions. The paper introduces new perspectives on sustainability transitions towards a better understanding of socio-spatial contexts.

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24

Brown, R. R., N. Keath, and T. H. F. Wong. "Urban water management in cities: historical, current and future regimes." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.029.

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Drawing from three phases of a social research programme between 2002 and 2008, this paper proposes a framework for underpinning the development of urban water transitions policy and city-scale benchmarking at the macro scale. Through detailed historical, contemporary and futures research involving Australian cities, a transitions framework is proposed, presenting a typology of six city states, namely the ‘Water Supply City’, the ‘Sewered City’, the ‘Drained City’, the ‘Waterways City’, the ‘Water Cycle City’, and the ‘Water Sensitive City’. This framework recognises the temporal, ideological and technological contexts that cities transition through when moving towards sustainable urban water conditions. The aim of this research is to assist urban water managers with understanding the scope of the hydro-social contracts currently operating across cities in order to determine the capacity development and cultural reform initiatives needed to effectively expedite the transition to more sustainable water management and ultimately to Water Sensitive Cities. One of the values of this framework is that it can be used by strategists and policy makers as a heuristic device and/or the basis for a future city state benchmarking tool. From a research perspective it can be an underpinning framework for future work on transitions policy research.

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25

Kristjansdottir, Rakel, and Henner Busch. "Towards a Neutral North—The Urban Low Carbon Transitions of Akureyri, Iceland." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 4, 2019): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072014.

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Climate change has made urban decarbonisation a global imperative. Cities are both a source of emissions and a leverage-point for the necessary transformation processes. Iceland is blessed with an ample supply of renewable energy sources. Hydropower and geothermal are widespread in the country and they dominate the country’s electricity and district heating systems. Despite this huge potential, per capita emissions in Iceland are still way above levels required to meet the 2 degrees target. This is because decarbonisation processes have, so far, fallen short of addressing emissions from sectors such as waste and transportation. Against this background, this paper investigates the low carbon transition in the northern Icelandic municipality of Akureyri. With roughly 18,000 inhabitants, the town of Akureyri is the biggest urban centre in the north of the country. Here, a number of key actors have initiated an ambitious urban transformation process of local carbon flows. Based on 19 semi-structured interviews, we analysed the role of key actors and their resources and strategies. To better explore the transition’s underlying mechanisms, we analysed the dynamics through the lens of the multi-level perspective (MLP), applied in a descriptive context. We found that a key factor for success of the urban transition was a strategy that integrated several previously disconnected carbon flows of the community. Important success factors were close community connections, public-private partnerships, the enthusiasm of multiple individuals who drove the process, the establishment of a strong intermediary organisation, and stable political support. The case can teach us about the challenges of transitions that integrate disconnected carbon flows in an urban context. Furthermore, it provides valuable findings on the role intermediary organisations play in these processes.

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26

Perez-Lancellotti, Gino, and Marcela Ziede. "Sustainable Transitions of Urban Projects towards Mitigation and Adaptation Projects for Climate Change: The case of Medellin." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032011.

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Abstract The research investigates the relationship between cities and climate change by examining how urban projects shifted to mitigation and adaptation for climate change at an urban scale. The article is based upon two complementary approaches, a multilevel analysis from sustainable transitions theory and a framework of interrelations of urban mitigation and adaptation projects. The methodological design is a case study; we analyzed the case of Medellin that, at the beginning of the 2000's, implemented public transport projects, urban parks, educational and cultural facilities, and risk mitigation projects in the surrounding hills. The main findings are that specific projects at an urban scale are operating as niches or experiments, taking advantage of windows of opportunities, and triggering changes in the urban design routines, framing a new sociotechnical system. It is found that governance, leadership, teams of experts and urban planners are drivers for the transition of urban projects, which were initially designed for social and transport needs, to urban mitigation projects for climate change. At the same time, urban mitigation projects such as the Metropolitan Green Belt are transiting to adaptation projects for climate change. The conclusion for this case study is that while most urban projects retain their traditional role, a new generation of projects with mitigation and adaptation features is emerging in the context of climate change. This article contributes to expanding the empirical analysis of the literature on the theory of sustainable transitions specifically related to cities and urban projects. The theoretical framework of urban projects and their linkages with climate change are enriched. The conceptual framework of the analysis is replicable and useful for practitioners in the field of urban design and researchers interested in comparisons to identify patterns or typologies. In addition, the article contributes to sensitize actors involved in public urban design policies in their roles as managers of transitions.

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27

Cheshmehzangi, Ali. "The Changing Urban Landscape of Chinese Cities: Positive and Negative Impacts of Urban Design Controls on Contemporary Urban Housing." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082839.

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Анотація:

China’s contemporary urban housing is increasingly developed at mass housing scale. In recent decades, it has transformed into large scale urban design approach rather than individual architectural design. This is generally common across major Chinese cities and is also becoming the case in some township regions. The increase in mass urban housing production firstly initiated in early years after establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and was then increased significantly from the 1970s onwards. Similar to the case of post-war European housing development in the 1950s and 1960s, China experienced a rapid transition and huge demand for new urban housing. The two decades of 1980s and 1990s are known as China’s remarkable era for rapid growth and urbanisation, which was unprecedented not only for China but also globally. In this paper, the focus is on urban design controls and their impacts on housing transitions in China by first analysing common housing typologies as well as their challenges and issues and common practices of urban design for housing projects across major cities of China. This paper argues in favour of alternative routes before concluding on the importance of detailed design and new possibilities for revised and re-evaluated urban design controls. This paper offers a set of analytical views on positive and negative impacts of urban design controls on contemporary urban housing in China. It also adds to existing research focused on urban housing transitions in China and directly linked to sectors of urban planning and urban design. This study concludes with possibilities for new directions, focused on: development of low- to midrise urban housing typology, compact urban development, and avoidance of gated community development.

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28

Berry, Brian J. L. "Transitions." Urban Geography 24, no. 1 (February 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.24.1.1.

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29

Bocquier, Philippe, and Rafael Costa. "Which transition comes first? Urban and demographic transitions in Belgium and Sweden." Demographic Research 33 (December 17, 2015): 1297–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2015.33.48.

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30

Flynn, Dave. "Urban Transitions and Sustainable Development in China." International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 2, no. 1 (2006): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v02i01/54144.

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31

Chatterton, Paul. "Building transitions to post-capitalist urban commons." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 41, no. 4 (August 11, 2016): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tran.12139.

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32

den Hartog, Harry. "Rural to Urban Transitions at Shanghai's Fringes." International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development 5, no. 4 (2017): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.5.4_54.

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33

Clark, Shelley, Caroline Kabiru, and Rohini Mathur. "Relationship Transitions Among Youth in Urban Kenya." Journal of Marriage and Family 72, no. 1 (February 2010): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00684.x.

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34

Soma, K., M. W. C. Dijkshoorn-Dekker, and N. B. P. Polman. "Stakeholder contributions through transitions towards urban sustainability." Sustainable Cities and Society 37 (February 2018): 438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.10.003.

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35

Gössling, Stefan. "Urban transport transitions: Copenhagen, City of Cyclists." Journal of Transport Geography 33 (December 2013): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.10.013.

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36

de Haan, Fjalar J., Briony C. Rogers, Niki Frantzeskaki, and Rebekah R. Brown. "Transitions through a lens of urban water." Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 15 (June 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2014.11.005.

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37

García, Jorge H., Ahjond S. Garmestani, and Arunprakash T. Karunanithi. "Threshold transitions in a regional urban system." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 78, no. 1-2 (April 2011): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.12.015.

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38

Bettini, Yvette, Rebekah R. Brown, Fjalar J. de Haan, and Megan Farrelly. "Understanding institutional capacity for urban water transitions." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 94 (May 2015): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.06.002.

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39

Rauws, W. S., and G. de Roo. "Exploring Transitions in the Peri-Urban Area." Planning Theory & Practice 12, no. 2 (June 2011): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2011.581025.

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40

Joshi, Neelakshi, and Sandeep Agrawal. "Understanding the uneven geography of urban energy transitions: insights from Edmonton, Canada." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 14, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsab009.

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Abstract Cities are important partners in developing solutions towards a low-carbon pathway. However, given the variation in geography, a need exists to study urban energy transitions through a nuanced approach that addresses space- and place-based factors. Based on document analysis and interviews with municipal employees and local energy experts in Edmonton, Canada, we explore how location and availability of energy sources, political territoriality, physical urban landscapes and social embeddedness of fossil fuels influence municipal energy transition. Results illustrate that while Edmonton is shaped by its fossil fuel geography, it is actively carving out its low-carbon future through a geographically rooted transition strategy.

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41

Temkin, Deborah A., Scott D. Gest, D. Wayne Osgood, Mark Feinberg, and James Moody. "Social Network Implications of Normative School Transitions in Non-Urban School Districts." Youth & Society 50, no. 4 (September 23, 2015): 462–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x15607164.

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This article expands research on normative school transitions (NSTs) from elementary to middle school or middle to high school by examining the extent to which they disrupt structures of friendship networks. Social network analysis is used to quantify aspects of connectedness likely relevant to student experiences of social support. Data were drawn from 25 communities followed from sixth to ninth grades. Variability in timing of NSTs permitted multi-level longitudinal models to disentangle developmental effects from transition effects. Results indicated that friendship networks were most interconnected in smaller schools and among older students. Beyond these effects, transitions from a single feeder school to a single higher level school were not associated with changes in friendship patterns. Transitions from multiple feeder schools to a single higher level school were associated with diminished friendship stability, more loosely connected friendship networks, increased social distance between students, and friendship segregation between students who formerly attended different schools.

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42

Kabisch, Sigrun, Göran Finnveden, Petr Kratochvil, Richard Sendi, Marta Smagacz-Poziemska, Rafaela Matos, and Jonas Bylund. "New Urban Transitions towards Sustainability: Addressing SDG challenges (Research and Implementation Tasks and Topics from the Perspective of the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) Urban Europe)." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 14, 2019): 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082242.

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The paper presents the requirements and challenges of urban transitions towards sustainability from the perspective of the SAB of the JPI Urban Europe. Critical reflections on the achievements and identification of gaps in the activities of JPI Urban Europe, based on the Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda SRIA (2015–2020), reveal advanced research questions, tasks, and approaches that influenced the development process of the SRIA 2.0 (released in February 2019). The authors emphasize the dilemma approach, the local context and the co-creation concept to pursue urban transitions in real-world context. Considering this frame, they propose specific domains for further research on urban transitions.

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43

Li, Qirui. "Resilience Thinking as a System Approach to Promote China’s Sustainability Transitions." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 5008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125008.

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Urban regeneration and rural revitalization are becoming major policy initiatives in China, which requires new approaches for sustainability transitions. This paper reviewed the history of policy reforms and institutional changes and analysed the main challenges to sustainability transitions in China. The urban-rural systems were defined as a complex dynamic social-ecological system based on resilience thinking and transition theory. The notions of adaptation and transformation were applied to compose a framework to coordinate “resilience” with “sustainability”. The findings indicate that China’s urbanization has experienced the conservative development of restructuring socio-economic and political systems (before 1984), the fast industrialization and economic development leaned to cities (1984 to 2002), the rapid urbanization led by land expropriation and investment expansion (2002 to 2012), and the quality development transformation equally in urban and rural areas (since 2012). The sustainability transitions have been challenged by controversial institutional arrangements, concerning population mobility control, unequal social welfare, and incomplete property rights. A series of policy interventions should be designed and implemented accordingly with joint efforts of multiple stakeholders and based on the combined technocratic and bottom-up knowledge derived from proactive and conscious individuals and collectives through context-dependent social networks.

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44

Mueller, Valerie, Emily Schmidt, Nancy Lozano, and Siobhan Murray. "Implications of Migration on Employment and Occupational Transitions in Tanzania." International Regional Science Review 42, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017617751029.

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The overarching message from the growth literature is that a transition from the low-productivity agricultural sector to the high-productivity manufacturing sector is necessary for structural change. Although sub-Saharan Africa has experienced substantial economic growth rates, rural–urban migration contributed very little to this progress. Migration to peri-urban areas may offer prospects for diversification out of agriculture with lower moving costs and job-search frictions than urban centers. We document migration patterns and worker selection into peri-urban and urban areas in Tanzania. Standard spatial classifications mask the prominent phenomenon of peri-urban (rather than rural) to urban migration. Lacking job experience and social networks, many youth moving to urban destinations are more likely to be unemployed. However, conditional on being employed over the two-year period of the study, migration to peri-urban as well as urban areas allows workers to transition from low- to high-valued occupations.

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Stolee, Paul, Jacobi B. Elliott, Kerry Byrne, Joanie Sims-Gould, Catherine Tong, Bert Chesworth, Mary Egan, and Dorothy Forbes. "A FRAMEWORK FOR CARE TRANSITIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH COMPLEX HEALTH CONDITIONS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2534.

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Abstract For older adults with complex health conditions, transitions between care settings are common and a major risk to quality of care and patient safety. Care transition interventions have shown positive impacts on continuity of care and health service use, however, most require additional human resources (e.g., transition coach), focus on one transition or “handoff”, and provide support for individual patients without addressing underlying challenges of health system integration. We sought to develop a framework for system-level enhancements to care transitions for older adults. We report a secondary framework analysis of an ethnographic investigation (the “InfoRehab” project) of care transitions for older persons who had experienced a hip fracture. The ethnographic study involved interviews, observations, and document reviews for 23 patients, 19 family caregivers, and 92 health care providers. Data were collected at each transition point (1-4/patient) along the care continuum, at three Canadian sites (large urban, mid-size urban, rural). Our framework analysis followed the approach described by Gale et al. (2013), using as cases 12 peer-reviewed papers which had reported InfoRehab results. Two researchers coded findings from each paper, then developed an analytical framework of eight themes by consensus; these include: patient involvement and choice, family caregiver involvement, patient complexity, health care provider coordination, information sharing, documentation, system constraints, and relationships. NVivo 11 was used to index findings into these themes and to generate a matrix. We are working with system stakeholders, including patients and caregivers, to apply this framework in the development of improved systems for care transitions.

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46

Sheller, Mimi, and Gijs Mom. "Editorial." Transfers 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2014.040201.

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Th is issue sheds new light on one of the classic concerns of mobility studies: transitions in forms of personal transportation. Mobility transitions are arguably one of the key issues of the twenty-first century, as societies around the world face the pressing questions of climate change mitigation and adaptation. A better understanding of recent and historical transitions not only in vehicle technologies but also in urban forms could be crucial to guiding future transition dynamics. At the same time, a deeper appreciation of historical transitions in transportation can also inform how we think about the present: what methods we use, what factors we take into consideration, and what theoretical perspectives we employ.

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Vitz, Matthew. "“To Save the Forests”." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 31, no. 1 (2015): 125–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2015.31.1.125.

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During the 1940s, urban Mexico began to shift from fuelwood to petroleum for its household energy needs. I trace this energy transition in Mexico City, interweaving histories of production and consumption, city and hinterland. The household energy transition highlights a series of overlapping policy shifts in 1940s Mexico: a retreat from rural social justice and the support of urban industrialization that pivoted on the redistribution of national oil wealth. By underscoring the role of political power in energy transitions, I also contribute to the larger field of energy history, which has prioritized energy regimes in the North Atlantic. En el México urbano, durante la década de los cuarenta, el consumo doméstico de energía pasó del combustible vegetal al petróleo. En este artículo doy cuenta de este cambio energético en la ciudad de México, intercalando historias de producción y consumo, de la ciudad y el hinterland. Esta transición en la energía doméstica señala una acumulación de cambios en la política de 1940 en México: un retroceso en la justicia social rural y el apoyo de una industrialización urbana que giró alrededor de la redistribución nacional de la riqueza petrolera. Al enfatizar el papel del poder político en las transiciones energéticas, contribuyo al campo más amplio de la historia de la energía que le ha dado más prioridad a los sistemas energéticos en el Atlántico Norte.

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48

Bradlow, Benjamin H. "Weapons of the Strong: Elite Resistance and the Neo-Apartheid City." City & Community 20, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535684121994522.

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Transitions to democracy promise equal political power. But political ruptures carry no guarantee that democracy can overcome the accumulated inequalities of history. In South Africa, the transition to democracy shifted power from a racial minority in ways that suggested an unusually high probability of material change. This article analyzes the limits of public power after democratic transitions. Why has the post-Apartheid local state in Johannesburg been unable to achieve a spatially inclusive distribution of public goods despite a political imperative for both spatial and fiscal redistribution? I rely on interviews and archival research, conducted in Johannesburg between 2015 and 2018. Because the color line created a sharp distinction between political and economic power, traditional white urban elites required non-majoritarian and hidden strategies that translated their structural power into effective power. The cumulative effect of these “weapons of the strong” has been to disable the capacity of the local state to countervail the power of wealthy residents’ associations and property developers. Through these strategies, elites repurposed institutional reforms for redistribution to instead reproduce the city’s inequalities.

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Den Hartog, Harry. "Shanghai’s Regenerated Industrial Waterfronts: Urban Lab for Sustainability Transitions?" Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4194.

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In China, Shanghai often serves as a place to introduce and try out new ideas. This is certainly the case with experimental urban planning and design solutions and sustainability transitions. This article identifies and evaluates the role of pilot projects and demonstration zones along the Huangpu River. These clusters and zones are supposed to guide the urban regeneration of the former industrial waterfronts and to accelerate innovative development in Shanghai and the wider Yangtze Delta Region. The Huangpu River as a whole is considered an urban lab and a showcase of ecological civilisation policies, with a strong ‘people oriented’ focus on improving the overall quality and attractiveness of urban life. Following three decades of rapid urban expansion, Shanghai’s urban development model is shifting toward one that emphasizes densification and the reuse of existing elements. The motto of Shanghai’s latest master plan is “Striving for an Excellent Global City.” One of the pathways to realize this expectation is the creation of thematic clusters for creative industries, financial institutes, AI, and technology, media and telecommunication industries. These clusters are high-density investment projects meant to support and accelerate the transformation of Shanghai into a service economy. There are important similarities between these projects in Shanghai and the role of urban labs in theories of sustainability transitions. Drawing on these theories and those of ecological civilization, this article examines how these so-called ‘experimental’ urban megaprojects along the river contribute to Shanghai’s effort to take the lead in developing sustainable urban transitions.

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50

Olsson, E. Gunilla Almered. "Urban food systems as vehicles for sustainability transitions." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 40, no. 40 (June 1, 2018): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2018-0019.

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AbstractStrategies and action plans for sustainable food provisioning and urban food security are in progress in many urban regions both in the global North and South. A number of urgent challenges need to be confronted such as increasing uncertainty and unpredictability related to stronger dependence on a global market for food import, ongoing political unrest and environmental conflicts, increasing resource scarcity and climate warming making food production hazardous. There is an increased vulnerability with respect to food security for human societies, both in developing and developed countries. The food security dimension of access to healthy food is related to equality and poverty and is relevant for cities in the North via the segregation challenges. The food system issue is well-suited for assessing sustainable development since food provisioning is both a multiscale and cross-sectorial issue and thus addresses more than the three dimensions of social, economic and environmental sustainability. How is the planning for sustainable food strategies in urban regions in Europe concordant with the United Nations Global Sustainable Development Goals and with the transition towards sustainable futures? This paper deliberates on using the food system issues for sustainability transition, drawing on the forthcoming 2018 IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) work on pathways for sustainable futures and a recent survey of existing urban food system strategies. Against this background, some reflections are given relevant for the ongoing work on a local urban food strategy for the city of Gothenburg, Sweden.

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