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1
MORADI, Afsaneh. "Transitions Towards Low Carbon Urban Mobility How Italian Municipalities Affect Transition Pathway." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Negli ultimi decenni, la tematica del cambiamento climatico ha assunto progressiva rilevanza, anche a causa dei trend crescenti nelle emissioni di GHG e CO2. Nella società internazionale e più specificatamente in Europa la sfida per la riduzione del livello di emissioni è tuttora di grande enfasi. Il settore dei trasporti rappresenta uno dei maggiori responsabili del rilascio di questi gas in atmosfera e attualmente, è ben lontano dal raggiungimento dei target di riduzione delle emissioni, soprattutto per quanto riguarda la situazione inerente le aree urbane. In questa dissertazione si affronterà il tema della mobilità urbana per capire quali strategie possono essere attuate per renderla sostenibile, quali fattori influenzano il raggiungimento degli obiettivi di riduzione delle emissioni e come i governi locali possono agire su questi fattori. Questo studio esplorando il ruolo dei Comuni Italiani nella gestione della mobilità urbana sostenibile, vuole indagare come la transizione dai sistemi di mobilità corrente a sistemi low Carbon è influenzata dalla visione e dal commitment dei policy makers rispetto al tema della sostenibilità. Inoltre, si prefigge di discutere come la transizione può essere gestita attraverso il superamento degli ostacoli esistenti attraverso la pianificazione di strategie per la sostenibilità, la presenza di fondi di finanziamento ad hoc, l’adozione di progetti ed innovazioni relative alla mobilità sostenibile, e come può essere influenzata dal supporto e collaborazione degli stakeholder interessati dal sistema. La dissertazione conclude con la presentazione di un nuovo framework concettuale che possa contribuire a spiegare il fenomeno investigato: le “cinque variabili” identificate attraverso lo studio e presentate nel framework (le attitudini dei governi locali, le strategie, la cooperazione degli stakeholder, il finanziamento e le sfide) influenzano infatti il raggiungimento degli obiettivi di riduzione delle emissioni. Questo framework permette di spiegare gli sforzi dei Comuni nella transizione verso la mobilità urbana sostenibile. I risultati mostrano che i Comuni italiani ritengono le strategie e la pianificazione quali unici mezzi che possono avere effetto diretto sulla riduzione delle emissioni, e che l’attuazione di queste strategie siano influenzate dal supporto finanziario da parte delle autorità e dalla cooperazione con gli stakeholder che a sua volta dipende scarsamente dalla visione dei policy maker circa la sostenibilità. Lo studio ha anche rivelato che i Comuni che presentavano piani di lungo termine erano in grado di ottenere migliori performance rispetto agli altri, considerando il triangolo strategia, finanziamento e cooperazione.<br>In recent decades, there has been growing concerns about climate change challenge which is the resulted from the increasing trends of GHG and CO2 emissions. There is a great emphasize in international society and specifically in Europe to reduce the level of emissions in different sectors. Transport sector is one of the main contributors of these gases that yet could not achieve the predicted targets of emission reductions, specifically in urban areas. low carbon urban mobility is chosen as the theme of this dissertation to find out how the urban mobility system could be managed, to be more sustainable; what factors affect emission reduction objectives of urban mobility and how local government can influence, manage or control these factors. This study focused on the role of municipalities in sustainable urban mobility, the ways in which the transition from current mobility systems to low carbon sustainable systems are influenced by the viewpoints and commitments of policy makers to sustainability issue, how the transition process is managed by overcoming the existing obstacles through development of strategies and plans for improving current mobility system, financing and supporting projects and innovations related to clean mobility, and how other stakeholders participate and cooperate in such processes. The dissertation, concludes by presenting a new conceptual framework that aims to inform such processes at local level, “five variables” mentioned above (attitudes, strategies, cooperations, finance and challenges) influence the success of emission reduction objectives. This framework used to evaluate the efforts of local government (municipalities) in transition towards low carbon mobility, the results showed that municipalities in Italy believe that only strategies and plans have a direct effect on the success of emission reduction objectives, and these plans and strategies are influenced by financial supports of higher authorities and cooperation with other stakeholder groups which is slightly affected by the viewpoints of policy makers. The research also revealed that municipalities who had long term strategic plan have better performance than other municipalities in the triangle of strategy, finance and cooperation.
2
Levenda, Anthony Michael. "Configuring the Urban Smart Grid: Transitions, Experimentation, and Governance." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3290.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the face of challenges of energy security, decarbonization, resilience, and the replacement of aging infrastructure systems, federal, state, and local actors are facilitating the development of smart electricity networks to transition towards a more sustainable electricity system. In the United States, development of "smart grids" is being pursued as a national policy mandate and goal, promising that the deployment of smart grid technologies -- referring in general to digital information and communication technologies that sense, monitor, control and manage the electric grid -- will make electricity systems more environmentally sustainable and reliable, and at the same time, provide opportunities for growth and innovation.
This dissertation examines and analyzes three interconnected issues relating to these sociotechnical changes in electricity infrastructure: the material and discursive construction of the smart grid, urban smart grid experimentation, and the mobility of smart grid models and knowledge. A conceptual framework is proposed for investigating sociotechnical transitions that accounts for dimensions of power and politics that are commonly overlooked in conventional analysis, and highlights how governance regimes shape and are shaped by sociotechnical change. Utilizing Foucauldian discourse analysis and relational comparative case study methodology, this dissertation analyzes the development of the smart grid as a governmental program highlighting its rationalities, techniques, and imagined subjects.
The findings of these analyses suggest that the transition to a smarter grid involves much more than top-down policy mandates; significant urban experimentation is involved, as well as inter-city learning that is shaped by local political economy and broader political rationalities. This dissertation also argues for a synthesis between policy mobilities and sociotechnical transitions theory, highlighting through case studies how urban smart grid experiments are influenced by experiences and knowledge generated from "vanguard" cities. The conclusion of this dissertation is that the creation of the smart grid is far from a purely technical infrastructural intervention, and instead, requires significant changes in the everyday social practices and conduct of energy consumers, while also reconfiguring the city, engaging in a material politics in order to govern energy transitions.
3
Slavko, Bohdan. "A thermodynamic approach to modelling urban transformations." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Are there fundamental physical constraints guiding the evolution of cities? Since the influential contribution of Jane Jacobs, “The death and life of American cities”, this question continues to be vigorously debated, and the underlying principles of urbanisation remain elusive. In this thesis, we offer a concise methodology revealing key invariants within urban forms shaped by human resettlement over the years. In attempt to relate the spatial structure of cities to the dynamic properties of human mobility, we introduce a rigorous framework quantifying city evolution. This approach models intra-urban resettlement flows as a collective emergent phenomenon driven by thermodynamic forces. The model also accommodates nonlinear interactions between population dynamics and infrastructure development. We show that our framework is consistent with the most recent residential migration data and explains much of the spatial properties of actual cities in Australia and the USA. In addition, we use this framework to analyse critical phenomena inherent to the process of urban evolution and reveal potential polycentric transitions in the largest Australian and US cities.
4
Čamprag, Nebojša [Verfasser]. "Urban Transitions and Regeneration: The Politics of Policy-making / Nebojša Čamprag." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229624341/34.
Повний текст джерела
5
Cannon, Russell. "Niche innovation dynamics and the urban mobility transition." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22153.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis seeks to provide a detailed understanding of the introduction of dockless bike-sharing to London. As part of a wave of new smart and shared mobility services that are aiming to transform the way people move around cities, this emerging form of transport has created disruptions in London since its launch in 2017. This study aims to analyse to what extent dockless bike-sharing aligns or conflicts with the aims and objectives of local authorities governing public space in London. In doing so, it also aims to reveal insights into transformations in contemporary mobility by exploring the dynamics of niche innovations within socio-technical transitions, thus contributing to knowledge in the field of transition studies.To do this, a qualitative case study methodology was employed using document analysis and interviews with four stakeholders integrally involved in the case study, representing both public authorities and a private sector dockless bike-sharing operator, Mobike.The findings demonstrate that dockless bike-sharing is well aligned with the city’s explicit objectives to reduce car dependency and encourage active travel. It has particular potential to make cycling more accessible by bringing bike-sharing to parts of the city that do not have access to the pre-existing, docked bike-sharing scheme, operated by the central transport authority, Transport for London. Despite this, dockless bike-sharing, as a niche innovation, has struggled to break into the existing urban mobility regime. This can be seen to result from a variety of factors that include a failure to collaborate and build local legitimacy or pay sufficient regard to local conditions during early implementation. Furthermore, dockless bike-sharing’s demand for flexible parking has resulted in uses and misuses of public space that have created friction and placed the innovation in conflict with the existing physical urban landscape and the authorities that govern it. Its momentum has been further hindered by London’s complex governance structure, a structure which has not proved conducive to the dockless bike-sharing operating model. It is posited that if dockless bike-sharing is to build momentum and achieve its potential to expand the reach of bike-sharing in London, greater support is required from public authorities.
6
Towriss, C. A. "Birth intervals and reproductive intentions in Eastern Africa : insights from urban fertility transitions." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2014. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1917783/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the dynamics of fertility in Eastern Africa with a particular focus on urban women. Urbanisation has long been closely associated with demographic transition and the reproductive behaviour of urban women is thought to provide insights about the future fertility transition at the national level. A mixed methods approach is used to explore birth intervals, family building strategies and women‟s fertility intentions. The quantitative analysis uses Demographic and Health Survey data from Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Zimbabwe, while the qualitative analysis uses data from focus group discussions that I conducted in two informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. The analysis of birth intervals uses survival analysis to calculate interval-duration-specific fertility rates, median birth intervals and parity progression ratios. These are used to make inferences about fertility decision-making at the population level. Birth intervals are long and lengthening in all four countries, particularly among women who have used contraception and women with higher levels of education. Large differences exist in birth interval lengths between rural and urban women, even when the results are disaggregated by contraceptive use and educational status. Generally, lengthening birth intervals are being driven by increasing birth postponement and birth spacing, with postponement dominating among women with very long birth intervals. In Ethiopia, there is some evidence of parity-specific family size limitation. The focus group discussions were analysed using a thematic approach. Urban living, particularly in the informal settlements, is characterised by high levels of social uncertainty, especially among new immigrants from rural areas. This is an important influence on women‟s relationships, which are found to be highly unstable. Fertility intentions are found to be fluid and contingent upon a variety of different factors in women‟s lives. As a result, women‟s decisions about birth spacing and family size are less distinct than demographic theory often assumes. In sum, this thesis contributes to the body of research suggesting that long birth intervals and postponement are both important features of the fertility transition in Sub-Saharan Africa. These phenomenon are related to each other: social uncertainty leads to fluid fertility intentions, which, in turn cause the widespread postponement of births and lengthening birth intervals.
7
Russell, Kerri Ann. "Microbial and Environmental Drivers of Soil Respiration Differ Along Montane to Urban Transitions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In natural ecosystems, like deciduous and coniferous forests, soil CO2 flux or soil respiration is highly variable and influenced by multiple factors including temperature, precipitation, dissolved soil organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic matter (DOM), and bacterial and fungal biomass and diversity. However, as the human population continues to grow rapidly, so too do urbanized landscapes with unknown consequences to soil respiration. To determine the extent urbanization influences seasonal shifts in microorganisms and environmental drivers alter soil respiration, we evaluated bacterial and fungal communities, soil physiochemical characteristics, and respiration in forested and urbanizing ecosystems in three watersheds across northern Utah, USA. Based on the next-generation sequencing of the 16s DNA and RNA, we found that montane bacteria were predominantly structured by season while urban bacteria were influenced by degree of urbanization. There was no apparent effect of season on montane fungi, but urban fungal communities followed patterns similar to urban bacterial communities. Bacterial diversity was sensitive to seasonality, especially in montane ecosystems, declining 21-34% from spring to summer and staying relatively low into fall, and fungal diversity was generally depressed in spring. Urban bacterial communities were differentiated by substantially more bacterial taxa with 62 unique OTUs within families structing phylogenetic differences compared with only 18 taxa differentiating montane communities. Similar to bacteria and fungi, DOC and ammonium concentrations fluctuated predominantly by season while these same parameters where highly variable among urban soils among the three watersheds. Structural components of DOM via parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices show varying patterns between montane and urban systems with humic substance resistance to biodegradability found more dominantly in montane systems. Incorporating all soil chemical parameters, daily temperature and moisture, and fungal and bacterial diversity and richness in mixed linear effects models describing daily CO2 over all seasons, we found that a single model best described montane soil respiration, while individual watershed models best described urban respiration. Montane respiration was related to the availability of DOC, different DOM components, and rRNA-based bacterial diversity . Alternatively, urban respiration was influenced by either bacterial diversity and richness in our rapidly urbanizing environment, DOM characteristics and soil O2 in the more agricultural urban soils, or the DOM parameter humification index (HIX) in highly urbanized soils. Our results suggest that urbanization creates distinct bacterial and fungal communities with a single soil biotic or chemical parameter structuring soil respiration, while montane ecosystems select for similar bacterial and fungal communities with respiration sensitive to fluctuations in soil moisture, bacteria and the recalcitrance of carbon (C) resources.
8
Seay, Nancy Parker. "Urban African American Adolescents’ Transitions to Schools in White Suburbia: A Phenomenological Study." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1431422959.
Повний текст джерела
9
Iliopoulos, Spilios. "Investigating the Transformative Capacity of Urban Experimentation . The case of Urban Living Labs : Insights from the Swedish Context." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban Living Labs emerged in the past decade as spatially embedded multi-stakeholder integrating forms of urban experimentation. They pose as key-nodes for transforming urban governance and generating new, innovative responses to pressing wicked planning and sustainability issues for cities in transition. In Sweden various such projects have been initiated in various locales as parts of European projects that connect different locales. The present Degree Project seeks to examine mechanisms through which Urban Living Labs seek the transformation of established structures towards a more sustainable future in the Swedish context. It does so by analyzing five such projects that have been established in different urban areas in Sweden. In this process it also examines the roles of main actors who play a prominent role in the framework of this form of urban experimentation. This is succeeded through employing a mixed-method approach as a response to the above questions. The main findings point towards the need for extensive networking and exchange of practices between different locales within Sweden and highlight the potentials of urban experimentation for the transformation of the role of main actors. The present Degree Project concludes by reflecting on the future of Urban Living Labs and urban experimentation.
10
Araújo, Kathleen M. "Energy at the Frontier : low carbon energy system transitions and innovation in four prime mover countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D. in International Energy and Environmental Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>All too often, discussion about the imperative to change national energy pathways revolves around long timescales and least cost economics of near-term energy alternatives. While both elements certainly matter, they don't fully reflect what can drive such development trajectories. This study explores national energy transitions by examining ways in which four prime mover countries of low carbon energy technology shifted away from fossil fuels, following the first global oil crisis of 1973. The research analyzes the role of readiness, sectoral contributions, and adaptive policy in the scale-up and innovations of advanced, alternative energy technologies. Cases of Brazilian biofuels, Danish wind power, French nuclear power and Icelandic geothermal energy are evaluated for a period of four decades. Fundamentally, the research finds that significant change can occur in under 15 years; that technology complexity need not impede change; and that countries of varying governance approaches and consumption levels effectuated such transitions. This research also underscores how low carbon energy technologies may be adopted before they are competitive and then become competitive in the process.<br>by Kathleen M. Araújo.<br>Ph.D.in International Energy and Environmental Policy
11
Andersen, Peter Melbye. "The Smart City Transition as a Niche Experiment - A Case Study of Copenhagen's Technological Transition." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation investigates how the concept of 'smart city' is made operational and governable through place-based interventions in the Danish Capital, Copenhagen. In this way, I seek to demonstrate the complexity of the smart city concept and the ways these policies are implemented in an existing city, instead of grounding the critique in universally idealized but often unrealized grand visions. Recent research into smart urbanism largely highlights the smart city agenda for being overly driven by corporate interests, who are using it to capture urban management functions as new market opportunities. This view however, seems to neglect that smart city interventions are integrated into existing urban settings, and is therefore always the outcome of social and spatial constellations of urban politics and the built environment. Therefore, rather than depicting the smart city as utopian or dystopian, I point towards a more situated understanding that moves beyond the corporate-driven smart city version, and directs attention to the urban scale where these policies are taking root. The theoretical apparatus is based on research in technological transitions, and is further supported by a relational view on urbanism to situate the analysis at the urban scale. The thesis is composed through a qualitative case study design, where document analysis and interview figures as key methods for data collection. The empirical materials have been collected from the municipality and their smart city unit, Copenhagen Solutions Lab, and the primary data source is political documents.The thesis concludes that the smart transition in Copenhagen is governed through an experimental approach where the technological possibilities are being adapted to the local context. In this way, Copenhagen Solutions Lab endeavor to ensure that only the solutions that fit the urban context are implemented, and it is therefore only specific, and more convenient solutions that are being integrated into the city. The thesis concludes further that the experimental smart-city-approach applied by CSL, contains the potential to contest corporate interests, in the sense that this approach gives rise to new explicit learning processes and efforts that holds the potential to compete with the corporate-driven smart city model.
12
Parker, Mashone Nicole. "Low-income black parents' perceptions of familial acculturation processes during urban to college town transitions." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of parents' perceptions of their role in helping their children acculturate to a new cultural and social environment. Specifically, this study used qualitative methods to interview Black families who moved from large urban communities to a smaller Midwestern college town. The sample consisted of ten Black parents who had moved to this college town from a United States (U.S) urban community with a population size of at least 100,000 persons.
The results indicated that parents perceived their role in helping their children adapt to this new environment as important. However, they all described their role differently. Furthermore, the results suggested that all parents in the study moved out of their home towns to escape violence and crime and to pursue an overall better quality of life for themselves and their families. Data gathered from this study will assist administrators, teachers, school counselors, community leaders and parents to better understand geographic mobility and ways to successfully assist with such transitions.
13
Plummer, Paul. "Urban Sustainability Transitions as Educative Practices: A Case Study of the Solidarity Fridge in Gothenburg, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387633.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban areas will play a decisive role in the sustainability of future societies. As such, there is a need to understand the processes through which cities can become more sustainable. Based on a qualitative case study of a community food waste initiative in Gothenburg, Sweden, this thesis explores the phenomenon of urban sustainability transitions in relation to learning. The thesis attempts to explain how learning at the level of socio-technical niches could be instrumental to broader systemic changes at the regime level. The theoretical framework for the thesis draws on the transactional perspective on learning developed from pragmatist educational philosophy, as well as practice theoretical approaches to studying sustainability transitions which have emerged in recent years. The empirical results gathered from the case are analysed using dramaturgical analysis and practical epistemology analysis. Based on these analyses, the thesis argues that the role and significance of learning in urban sustainability transitions can be understood in terms of educative practices, a concept which is elaborated in the discussion chapter. Thus, it is argued that learning through educative practices can contribute to urban sustainability transitions by challenging prevailing institutional norms and structures, and by establishing pathways through which unsustainable elements within the socio-technical regime can be reconfigured.<br>Wicked Problems and Urban Sustainability Transition
14
Esculier, Fabien. "Le système alimentation/excrétion des territoires urbains : régimes et transitions socio-écologiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1028/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’alimentation et l’excrétion constituent deux besoins physiologiques fondamentaux de tout être humain. En analysant leur matérialisation depuis l’échelle cellulaire jusqu’à celle des grands cycles biogéochimiques planétaires, nous proposons de considérer que l’alimentation et l’excrétion humaines participent d’un système dont les modalités de réalisations dans les différentes sociétés humaines permettent de caractériser des régimes socio-écologiques. Nous avons plus particulièrement analysé les systèmes alimentation/excrétion des territoires urbains au regard de leur soutenabilité et proposons une méthodologie de caractérisation fondée principalement sur l’analyse du flux de la substance qui nous paraît la plus pertinente, à savoir l’azote, et sur les modalités de gestion des urines humaines qui représentent près des trois quarts de ce flux. Nous montrons que les systèmes alimentation/excrétion des différentes communautés humaines présentent une très grande variété selon les lieux et époques considérés et proposons de les distinguer entre autres en fonction de leur circularité, c’est-à-dire par le taux de retour sur des sols agricoles des excrétats. En prenant l’agglomération parisienne comme cas d’étude, nous montrons que son système alimentation/excrétion a été de plus en plus circulaire au cours du XIXe siècle, culminant au tout début du XXe siècle aux alentours de 50 % de circularité, avant de se linéariser progressivement au cours du XXe siècle. En ce début de XXIe siècle, nous caractérisons le système alimentation/excrétion de l’agglomération parisienne comme non soutenable car linéaire à plus de 95 %, intensif, inefficace et polluant aux échelles locales et globales. Ces caractéristiques sont généralisées au sein du monde occidental et interpellent sur la possibilité d’une transition socio-écologique vers des systèmes alimentation/excrétion soutenables. Or, depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix, une prise de conscience relative à l’urine a réémergé, principalement en Suède puis dans l’Europe germanique. Elle s’est traduite par de nombreuses réalisations et recherches autour de la séparation à la source des urines. Nous montrons que ce dispositif est actuellement le seul, dans le monde occidental, à avoir permis de nouveau la mise en œuvre de systèmes alimentation/excrétion circulaires. Pouvant être déclinée sous de multiples formes en fonction des contextes, la séparation à la source des urines bénéficie, malgré le verrouillage socio-technique de l’agglomération parisienne autour du tout-à-l’égout, d’un contexte favorable à son développement. Nous avons élaboré un scénario prospectif explorant ainsi la possibilité que l’agglomération parisienne dépasse, en quelques décennies, l’extremum de circularité qu’elle avait connu à la Belle Époque et que les acteurs de ce territoire réalisent, en cohérence avec une transition socio-écologique des autres systèmes énergétiques, hydrauliques et de transport, un régime socio-écologique soutenable de leur système alimentation/excrétion. Cette thèse fait partie du programme de recherche et action OCAPI (www.leesu.fr/OCAPI)<br>Nutrition and excretion are fundamental physiological needs for all human beings. Analysis of their materiality, from the cellular scale up to the great planetary-scale biogeochemical cycles, shows that nutrition and excretion form a system. The focus of our study is the sustainability of the nutrition/excretion systems of urban areas, which we have sought to assess by analysing substance flows. The most relevant of these substances seems to be nitrogen, so by assessing urban nitrogen flows we can characterise the different possible socioecological regimes and their sustainability. We identify a wide diversity of nutrition/excretion systems depending on the places and eras considered. We propose to distinguish them in terms of their circularity, in other words by the rate at which nitrogen from excreta returns to agricultural land. Using the Paris urban area as our case study, we show that its nutrition/excretion system became increasingly circular in the 19th century, reaching maximum circularity right at the start of the 20th century, before becoming steadily more linear in the course of the 20th century. In these early years of the 21st century, the nutrition/excretion system of the Paris urban area is essentially linear, and still generates significant pollution at both local and global scales. Its environmental footprint is exacerbated by a diet that is very protein rich, mostly animal in origin, and by the non-consumption of a significant proportion of the food produced. All these factors make it unsustainable. These characteristics are found throughout the Western world and raise questions about the possibility of a socioecological transition to sustainable systems of nutrition and excretion. Since the 1990s, initially in Sweden, followed by Nordic and German-speaking Europe, awareness has been growing of the role of urine. Urine is responsible for three-quarters of urban nitrogenous excretions and is a safe substance: following a period of storage, it can be used as agricultural fertiliser. This new awareness has been followed by extensive experimentation and research on urine source separation. We show that this is currently the only method in the Western world to have accomplished a return to circular systems of nutrition/excretion. Urine source separation can be done in multiple ways, depending on circumstances, and conditions in France are favourable to its development, despite the sociotechnical lock-in to mixed sewage management systems. In a forward-looking scenario, we therefore explore the possibility that the Paris urban area could return to, and within a few decades even surpass, the heights of circularity that it attained during the Belle Époque. In that case, alongside a socioecological transition in the other systems – water, energy, transport – the people of this territory could establish a sustainable regime for their system of nutrition/excretion. This thesis is part of the OCAPI research and action programme (www.leesu.fr/OCAPI)
15
Joo, Yu Min. "The City as a national growth machine : city-building and the role of urban development in South Korea's political and economic transitions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-214).<br>This dissertation bridges the fields of international development and urban studies to examine South Korea's city building and urban development processes, arguing that the interaction between urban and industrial policies has both followed and produced the country's astonishing macroeconomic development successes. The study starts by raising the question of how a Third- World city, Seoul, which served as a minor metropolis in a primarily rural country as late as 1970, rapidly became a modern megalopolis and global front-runner in terms of ambitious and pioneering urban investments. Although South Korea's successful industrialization could be a short answer to this question, the capital city's predominant growth becomes rather puzzling when considering that South Korea, in contrast to the Latin American cases, initially developed its major industrialization and spatial development policies to support regional development and decentralization instead of promoting urban concentration in the capital city. To explain this puzzle, I examine South Korea's key spatial development policies and city building projects over the course of its economic development trajectories, from the 1960s to the 2000s. In the process of re-examining South Korea's modern economic development history with an emphasis on space, I found that the South Korean state worked actively to develop synergies between spatial and economic development, thus fortifying its role as both an industrial and urban developmental state. At consecutive stages since the late 1960s, the South Korean state deployed a disciplinary, forward-looking, set of policies targeted toward creating synergy between urban investments and macroeconomic priorities, even as it worked hard to accommodate citizen concerns about consumption, property rights, and democratization. With an eye to both political stability and economic growth, the South Korean state ended up crafting a set of spatial policies that ended up produced novel inter- and intra-urban development patterns that stood in contrast to those pursued in many other countries of the global South. Seoul's developmental gains, both urban and macroeconomic, are thus explained as an outcome of a strong state's commitment to connecting spatial and economic priorities, and to its capacity to guide these synergies over time and across various territorial scales.<br>by Yu Min Joo.<br>Ph.D.
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Weiss, Hannah (Hannah Gwen). "Home is where the heart is : trauma-informed practices, fraught transitions to housing, and radical hope among those fighting homelessness in Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 82-86).<br>Through the experiences and perspectives of clients, direct service workers, and policymakers, I endeavor to tell the story of transitioning from chronic homelessness to stable housing, identifying this as a uniquely unstable period and documenting a need for increased attention on both the trauma of homelessness and the tumultuous transition to housing, in an effort to support clients towards stable housing, and ideally a point of thriving. The thesis makes five key points. First, homelessness is a manifestation of structural inequities, not individual deficiencies, and, as such, is best addressed through policy. Like an iceberg, the causes of homelessness exist beneath the surface, and include housing market inefficiencies, wage stagnation, a diminished social safety net, social reproduction theory, racism, and the financial and power inequalities of capitalism. Second, homelessness is traumatic, including five categories of trauma: trauma wrought by power relationships, physical trauma, emotional trauma, trauma wrought by other systems, and trauma wrought by instability. More psychological research may improve efforts to prevent and respond to trauma within services targeting the homeless and newly housed. Third, housing is the solution to homelessness, and yet, fourth, the transition to housing is traumatic in its own rite. Viewing housing purely as a solution neglects the trauma of homelessness and turmoil of this transition, and may accordingly fuel cyclical homelessness. This transition is complicated by three challenges: change and new responsibilities, loss of programmatic supports, and loss of social supports. Questions remain as to whether and how to support the integration of the newly housed into their new communities. Finally, as individuals transition from chronic homelessness to stable housing, thriving, an evolving concept, is tentatively defined here as engaging in reciprocal volunteer work, deepening bonds with family, and lending leadership and expertise towards efforts to fight homelessness. With admiration and hope, I note the innovative programs already in place in Boston and humbly suggest considerations for next steps. People who have been homeless have demonstrated resilience in the face of deep tragedy. When stably housed, society can benefit even more from their contributions.<br>by Hannah Weiss.<br>M.C.P.
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Wessels, Berry Steenkamp. "Turning points : exploring power transitions in an incremental upgrading process in Enkanini, Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96888.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explored whether co-production of knowledge could contribute to shifting
power from government to citizens in an incremental upgrading process. It is
premised on the notion that such a shift is desirable. The title of the study Turning
points: Exploring power transitions in an incremental upgrading process in Enkanini,
Stellenbosch indicates the complex, transient and shifting power dynamics at play in
the illegal settlement of Enkanini in Stellenbosch.
The study was conducted within a larger transdisciplinary research framework
seeking to implement socio-technical innovations, generated through a co-production
of knowledge process with settlement residents, to move Enkanini towards becoming
a sustainable human settlement. A case study provides an overview of engagement
the residents have had with the local Stellenbosch Municipality, NGOs and academic
researchers from the Sustainability Institute, Stellenbosch University. It is
complemented by the personal narrative of one of the first residents who moved
there in 2006. From personal observations, interaction with residents and coresearchers,
meeting notes, the literature review and a grounded experience over
the three-year study period, four turning points were identified.
These four turning points, interpreted as bifurcations that could open up new ways of
engaging with the present to determine alternative futures are explored dialectically.
The initial problem for each is described, followed by the response and the resultant
challenge that emerged. The four turning points were the initiation of the iShack
concept, the start of the iShack Project, the iShack stakeholders meeting and the
establishment of the Enkanini Research Centre.
As power, in both visible and invisible forms, manifested itself in this volatile
settlement and in awareness that the researchers role held power and that the
researcher’s sets of knowledge, assumptions and prejudices could affect both
research process and outcome, there was a need to find complementary
methodologies to the main transdisciplinary research framework.
Indigenous research methodologies spoke directly to power and the importance of
capacity building and empowering research participants (shifting them to coresearchers),
while reflexive research methodologies allowed the disciplined
reflection and re-reflection to ameliorate influencing of process and outcome. In
addition, each overcame the limitations of the other, in particular the limitation of
transdisciplinary research that does not take power dynamics into account. This
resulted in the creation of a methodological triad and a conceptual mechanism
through which to view the results, termed co-arising.
The three themes that had emerged during the process – understanding through
knowledge co-production, capacity building through the awareness of power
dynamics and engagement with the research space – are fused in this notion of coarising
served by the methodological triad.
The turning points, or bifurcations, were analysed through an “open” coding system
used in grounded theory to minimise pre-conditions determining the outcome. Three
dominant categories emerged – empowerment, identity and agency – as
determinants for shifting power from government to citizens through effective coproduction
of knowledge in an incremental upgrading process. The study concludes
with recommendations for future research.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie wou vasstel of die medeproduksie van kennis kan bydra tot ’n
magsverskuiwing vanaf die regering na burgers in ’n trapsgewyse
opgraderingsproses. Dit het van die veronderstelling uitgegaan dat so ’n verskuiwing
wenslik sal wees. Die titel van die studie, Turning points: Exploring power transitions
in an incremental upgrading process in Enkanini, Stellenbosch, dui op die komplekse,
veranderlike en verskuiwende magsdinamiek in die onwettige nedersetting Enkanini
op Stellenbosch.
Die navorsing is binne ’n groter kruisdissiplinêre navorsingsraamwerk onderneem
wat toegespits was op die inwerkingstelling van sosio-tegniese innovasies om
Enkanini in ’n volhoubare menslike nedersetting te omskep. Die innovasies is deur
medeproduksie van kennis in samewerking met inwoners van die nedersetting
ontwikkel. ’n Gevallestudie bied ’n oorsig van skakeling tussen inwoners en die
plaaslike Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit, nieregeringsorganisasies en akademiese
navorsers van die Volhoubaarheidsinstituut aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch. Dit
word aangevul deur die persoonlike verhaal van een van die eerste Enkaniniinwoners,
wat in 2006 daar ingetrek het. Persoonlike waarnemings, interaksie met
inwoners en medenavorsers, aantekeninge by vergaderings, die literatuuroorsig en
praktiese ervaring oor die studietydperk van drie jaar het vier keerpunte na vore
gebring.
Hierdie vier keerpunte kan vertolk word as bifurkasies wat kan lei tot ’n nuwe
benadering tot die hede vir die skep van ’n alternatiewe toekoms. ’n Dialektiese
verkenning van die keerpunte is gevolglik onderneem. Die aanvanklike probleem
word in elke geval beskryf, gevolg deur die reaksie en die uiteindelike uitdaging wat
daaruit ontstaan het. Die vier keerpunte was die bekendstelling van die iShackkonsep,
die aanvang van die iShack-projek, die vergadering van iShackbelanghebbendes,
en die vestiging van die Enkanini-navorsingsentrum.
Aangesien sowel sigbare as onsigbare vorme van mag in hierdie onstuimige
nedersetting te sien was, en gedagtig daaraan dat die navorser oor ’n magsrol
beskik het en die navorser se kennis, aannames en vooroordele die
navorsingsproses sowel as -uitkoms kon beïnvloed, moes bykomende metodologieë
ter aanvulling van die hoof- kruisdissiplinêre navorsingsraamwerk gevind word. In dié
verband het inheemse navorsing direk betrekking gehad op mag en die belang van
vermoëbou en bemagtiging onder navorsingsdeelnemers (om hulle as’t ware in
medenavorsers te omskep). Oordenkingsnavorsing het weer ’n geleentheid gebied
vir gedissiplineerde besinning en herbesinning om enige beïnvloeding van die
proses en uitkoms te temper. Daarbenewens het elke benadering die beperkinge
van die ander ondervang, veral die geneigdheid by kruisdissiplinêre navorsing om
magsdinamiek buite rekening te laat. Sodoende is ’n metodologiese drietal en ’n
konseptuele meganisme genaamd mede-ontstaan (“co-arising”) geskep, waarmee
die resultate ondersoek kon word.
Die drie temas wat gedurende die proses uitgewys is – begrip deur die
medeproduksie van kennis, vermoëbou deur ’n bewustheid van magsdinamiek, en
betrokkenheid by die navorsingsruimte – is byeengetrek onder die gedagte van
mede-ontstaan, wat deur die metodologiese drietal onderstut is.
Die keerpunte, of bifurkasies, is deur ’n ‘oop’ koderingstelsel uit gegronde teorie
ontleed om die invloed van enige voorafbestaande toestande op die uitkoms te
beperk. Hieruit is drie dominante kategorieë afgelei – bemagtiging, identiteit en vrye
wil – synde bepalende faktore vir doeltreffende medeproduksie van kennis en die
gevolglike verskuiwing van mag vanaf die regering na burgers in ’n trapsgewyse
opgraderingsproses. Die studie sluit af met sekere aanbevelings vir verdere
navorsing.
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Desvallées, Lise. "Problématisation, politisation et mesures de résorption des vulnérabilités énergétiques : entre droit à l’énergie et contrôle des pratiques des pauvres à Porto et à Barcelone." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
50 millions d’Européens rencontrent des difficultés financières pour se chauffer, cuisiner ou éclairer leur logement. Les ménages qui se privent de ces services faute de revenus suffisants, qui consacrent une part importante de leurs budgets à ce poste de dépense, sont en situation de vulnérabilité énergétique. La législation européenne requiert des États membres qu’ils établissent des politiques de mesure et de résorption du problème. Cet objectif est complexe parce que la vulnérabilité énergétique est au croisement d’un ensemble de facteurs saisis par des politiques sectorielles distinctes : le prix de l’énergie, l’efficacité énergétique des logements, les aides sociales.Cette thèse pose la question des conditions d’émergence du problème des vulnérabilités énergétiques dans les agendas publics nationaux et locaux en mobilisant une approche d’Urban political ecology. L’enquête comparative est menée dans deux villes (Porto et Barcelone) où l’enjeu est important et traité de manières distinctes. Notre analyse propose d’étudier les facteurs qui se combinent pour créer des situations de vulnérabilité, et les faire émerger comme un problème public. Elle s’intéresse à la fois aux législations, aux innovations locales et au traitement médiatique du problème. Nous confrontons ces formes d’action collective avec une étude des conditions concrètes de vulnérabilité énergétique vécues par des ménages précaires accompagnés par l’assistance sociale et par des associations caritatives.Le principal résultat de la thèse est que les situations de vulnérabilités énergétiques sont politisées, ce qui implique à la fois de nouveaux acteurs et des acteurs traditionnels de la gouvernance de l’énergie et se traduit par deux types de réponses. Nous montrons aussi comment la militance de collectifs associatifs fait émerger un droit à l’énergie, qui n’est pas inscrit dans la législation nationale et qui, sous la pression de nouveaux mouvements sociaux, devient un impératif pour les collectivités locales. Nous montrons enfin la diffusion d’un modèle d’interventions auprès de ménages qui vise à réduire les consommations pour diminuer le montant des factures et limiter le nombre d’impayés d’énergie. Ce modèle expérimental et peu onéreux rencontre les intérêts d’organisations issues de la société civile, de collectivités locales, de fournisseurs d’énergie même s’il représente pour les ménages vulnérables une prolongation de leurs efforts de réduction de leurs factures d’énergie<br>50 million Europeans face financial difficulties to heat, cook or light their homes. Households in energy vulnerability either limit the use of these services because they do not have sufficient income, or devote a disproportionately large part of their overall budget to paying energy bills. European legislation requires Member States to establish policies for measuring and resolving the problem. This objective is complex because energy vulnerability is at the intersection of a set of factors covered by different sectoral policies: the pricing of energy, the energy efficiency of housing, and social assistance.This thesis studies the emergence of energy vulnerability in national and local public agendas with an urban political ecology framework. I conducted a comparative survey in two cities (Porto and Barcelona), where the issue is important and treated in different ways. I analyze the factors that combine to create situations of energy vulnerability in these cities and which turn them into public problems, through media, legislation and local innovations. Policy analysis is complemented by study of the concrete conditions of energy vulnerability as they are experienced by households which are in touch with social assistance agencies and charities.The main result of the thesis is that situations of energy vulnerability are politicized by both new actors and traditional players in energy governance. I show how civil society activism gives rise to a right to energy, which is not enshrined in national legislation and which, under the pressure of new social movements, becomes an imperative for local communities. I then analyze the diffusion of programs targeting vulnerable households, based on a model that aims at reducing consumption and therefore limiting the number of unpaid energy bills. This experimental and inexpensive model meets the interests of organizations from civil society, local communities, energy suppliers and the households themselves who were already reducing their expenses
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Seeger-diNovi, Brunhild Brigitte. "Eastern European Immigrant Youth Identity Formation and Adaptation in an Urban University Context." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/145949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sociology<br>Ph.D.<br>This study examines the childhood emigration, cultural and linguistic transitions and adaptation pathways of Eastern European immigrant students on an urban university campus. Although Eastern Europeans and immigrant children represent a substantial segment of the immigrant population in the U.S. they are understudied groups. After the collapse of the Soviet Union large numbers of migrants emigrated from the former Soviet Republics, but less is known about their experiences compared to other immigrant groups. Immigrant children have historically come to the U.S. since its inception but compared to the adult experience their status has been rendered ambiguous and their experiences marginalized to such an extent that they have largely been invisible in the literature. Commonly children are referred to as "children of immigrants" rather than assigned their own category of "immigrant children." While it is generally acknowledged that primary socialization of children influence their secondary socialization, the influences of child migrants' inculcation in the first culture, migration, acculturation and integration experiences with associated emotions have not been sufficiently considered. There is a general assumption in much of the immigrant scholarships that the cultural influences of the first country on child migrants are essentially negated by the acculturation process in the U.S., and this conjecture leads scholars to construct various generational categories that collapse immigrant children with the second generation native-born youth in their analysis thereby potentially skewing or obscuring critical outcome information. Since immigrant children's voices have largely been missing in the research process, through 34 in-depth interviews with Eastern European immigrant college students, we examined the extent to which the child migrants experienced the migration dislocation and incorporation as well as the possible lasting consequences in their adaptation pathways, self-identifications, social interaction, and standpoints on societal issues associated with emotional acculturation. Collectively, the Russian and Ukrainian immigrant students' narratives about their college experience indicated that they were meeting with success academically, were focused on individual goals, expressed appreciation for diversity, and were integrated into the social and professional organization on the university campus. However, most of the participants who emigrated during childhood reported that they had difficult or traumatic migration transitions in their first U.S. schools and neighborhoods, and often they recounted emotionally the memories of these profound events associated with their acculturation during the interviews. As a group, the Eastern European students expressed that both positive and negative immigration and transitional experiences, perspectives gained from the shared struggle with their parents, openness to diversity, achievement orientation, and work ethic are some of the differentiating characteristics that set them apart from their native-born American siblings, and the second-generation Russian and Ukrainian children of immigrants. Most of the Russian and Ukrainian immigrant students on campus socialized with other immigrants of diverse backgrounds, mainstream American students, least often with co-ethnics and rarely with second-generation co-ethnics or native minorities. When we conceptualize the social interaction boundary to include all immigrants, then the participants in this study may be considered "immigrant in-groupers" following in a modified form some of the findings of Grasmuck and Kim (2010) that investigated the social mixing patterns of four ethno-racial groups on the same campus. Although most of the participants had reported overall positive high school experiences, those who contended with social development issues, understanding the American culture, and the English language on the campus disproportionately represented those who had reported overall traumatic childhood integrations. As a group they embraced the ideology of meritocracy, and those who had reported traumatic childhood acculturation experiences more often adhered to the standpoint that white people were not more privileged and that equal opportunity exists for all. When we considered identity formation we found substantial complexity in the Eastern European immigrant students' self-identifications with a tendency to resist labels. Salient non ethnic (cosmopolitan/global/role) identity claims, hybrid or multi layered ethnic self-identifications that included salient non ethnic components emerged from their narratives. None of the participants identified solely as "American" but included it or referred to degree of "Americanization" as an element in their self-identification. The totality of the dominant patterns that emerged from the Eastern European immigrant students' narratives lend support for the standpoint that in research concerning outcomes for immigrant children, methodologies are warranted that take into account age at arrival, developmental stages, engendered emotions during childhood acculturation, and the standpoint of the foreign-born children. Concomitantly, the model of segmented assimilation does not theorize the potential impact of emotions on school age children who negotiate divergent peer contexts of reception without their parents. This investigation indicates that children's reaction to the nature of their acculturation may be manifested differentially when considering social psychological adjustment, adaptation, and mobility, and that the emotional legacy of childhood migration experiences ought to be considered at least equal to structural features such as governmental policies toward them, the composition of their enclaves, and labor market conditions.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Madonsela, Boipelo. "Using a diagnostic indicator assessment to understand sustainability transitions towards Water Sensitive Urban Design in the City of Cape Town." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cities globally are progressively becoming hotspots for water related risk and disaster mainly as a result of the cumulative effects of rapid urbanisation, population growth and the impacts of climate change. South African cities in particular are faced with the dual challenges of meeting demand for scarce water resources, as well as mitigating urban flooding. A shift towards adaptive and sustainable approaches has been proposed in order to address these complexities whilst ensuring the satisfactory delivery of water services to citizens. To support this change, local authorities are tasked with restructuring policy to include climate change adaptation strategies in order to adapt more adequately and proactively. In this regard, Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) has gained importance in terms of guiding cities around the world in transitioning towards becoming water sensitive. WSUD aims to ensure that urban planning and design is undertaken in an interdisciplinary way and minimises the hydrological impacts of development on the surrounding environment. Sustainability transitions literature recognises that infrastructure and technologies are highly intertwined with institutional structures, regulations and social practices. For this reason, transitions towards sustainability-oriented technologies typically involve significant changes along assorted dimensions of the socio-technical system. Accordingly, this project aims to understand and identify the fundamental institutional conditions necessary to support a transition towards WSUD, using the City of Cape Town (CoCT) as a case study site. In order to achieve this aim, the City Blueprint Approach (CBA) was applied to the CoCT based on in-depth interviews and publicly available data. The CBA was developed by the KWR Watercycle Research Institute in cooperation with Utrecht University, The Netherlands and has been tested on various cities globally. It is a set of diagnostic indicator tools comprising the Trends and Pressures Framework, the City Blueprint Framework and the Governance Capacity Framework. The CBA assessment was followed by a thematic analysis to understand the context of transitions to a WSUD approach in Cape Town. The results of the research indicate that the CoCT has had some success in its efforts related to the sustainable management of water resources through the implementation of policy, action plans and a range of learning opportunities for city officials and local stakeholders. Despite these efforts however, issues of financial viability, implementing capacity and political will have hindered progression towards WSUD in the City. In conclusion, the research has emphasised that sustainable water management and a transition towards a WSUD approach requires more than just redesigned infrastructure; it has also highlighted the different institutional aspects that make transitioning towards WSUD possible both in Cape Town, as well as for other cities in developing countries with similar socio-economic contexts to South Africa.
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HOSSEINI, FARHANGI SEYED MOHSEN. "Translation of sociotechnical transitions. A comparative study of the integration of agricultural technologies into urban foodproduction practies in Shanghai and Amsterdam." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/282406.
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McManus, Ellen, and Albin Bellander. "The Road To Urban Streets : The redevelopment of transport infrastructure in relation to the Swedish planning process." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298464.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban planning needs to address the future role of transport infrastructure in cities. Due to previous planning ideals, our cities consist of transport networks that stand in conflict with ambitions to create dense and multifunctional urban environments, decrease pollution, and create safe urban space. Here, the urban street is a measure that enables new multifunctional solutions for transport infrastructures. This thesis, therefore, investigates street redevelopment projects in relation to the Swedish planning process, which is assessed through five case studies of street redevelopment projects in Swedish cities. Interviews combined with a desktop study are utilised as methods. The theoretical framework of obduracy and socio-technical transitions is applied to understand the mechanisms behind the hindering- and enabling factors present in the projects. Our results show that hindering factors exist on the interpersonal scale in the projects between planners and planning departments, internally within the municipalities between planning organisation and politics, and externally between different actor groups such as public and state actors. Hindering factors are also identified in the physical infrastructure and historical context of the streets where older planning ideals still influence the physical and societal preconditions of the street networks. These factors slowed down the planning processes and led to compromises in aim and vision. It is not evident that the formal planning process should change in order to overcome these obstacles. Rather, it is the cooperation and coordination between actors that mainly determines the functionality of the process. Successful strategies in the projects have been; anchoring projects in municipal goals, combining incorporating different urban planning aspects and departments, municipalities as main actors, carefully assessing the location and context and integrating street redevelopment projects with broader development projects.
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Manganga, Kudakwashe. "A historical study of industrial ethnicity in urban colonial Zimbabwe and its contemporary transitions : the case of African Harare, c. 1890-1980." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>This thesis provides a critical and historical analysis of industrial ethnicity in African Harare between the 1890s and 1980. It examines the origins, dynamics and ambiguities of industrial ethnicity in urban colonial Harare (then Salisbury) and its attendant implications for socio-economic wellbeing and inter-group relations. It locates industrial ethnicity within broader questions of inequality and social difference, especially issues like affordability, materiality and power. The thesis pays particular attention to individuals and groups’ differential access to the ‘raw materials’ used in imagining and constructing forms of identification. The thesis is empirically grounded in a specific case study of industrial ethnicity among disparate African groups in urban colonial Zimbabwe, and in the context formed by factors that fomented ethnic enclaves in African Harare’s competitive labour markets during particular historical epochs. Such complex currents remain under-represented in current Zimbabwean historical literature. This is despite the salience and resonance of industrial ethnicity, as well as its multi-layered and ambiguous implications for inter-group relations, and its potential to create differential access to life chances for individuals and groups. The thesis contends that in crisis situations, people tend to identify with their ‘type’ and to use ethnic, kinship and other social ties in their scramble for socio-economic and political resources. This usually involves definitions and re-definitions of ‘selves’ and ‘others’; ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’; contestations and negotiations over identification; and how these varied identities are ‘materialised’. The ways in which migrant workers positioned themselves in the labour market depended on ensuing socio-economic inequalities and the use of social networks, which were indispensable conduits for the transmission of job information and local intelligence. The prevalence of ethnic enclaves and widespread ethnic clusters in colonial Harare’s labour market is explained in terms of a complex synergy of factors, including behavioural, historical, institutional and structural elements. Equally, industrial ethnicity, which had pre-colonial precedents, remained contested, fluid, and ambiguous, and was one among a range of forms of identification available to Salisbury’s African migrant workers. The thesis further situates African ethnicity in its political context by examining its ambivalent interaction with nationalist politics, gender and ‘othering’ work. It contends that African nationalism’s inherent underlying contradictions and tensions, and the subsequent dual categorisation of citizens into ‘patriots’ and ‘sell-outs’ set the stage for hegemonic (and counter-hegemonic) politics, ethnic competition and the politics of marginalisation in postcolonial Zimbabwe.
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Christman, Jennifer T. "Using Mobile Technology in an Urban High School to Decrease Adult Prompting During In School Transitions for Students Identified with Intellectual Disabilities." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377871843.
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Fastenrath, Sebastian [Verfasser], Boris [Gutachter] Braun, and Diez Javier [Gutachter] Revilla. "Urban Sustainability Transitions in the Building Sector. Insights from contrasting contexts: Freiburg and Brisbane / Sebastian Fastenrath ; Gutachter: Boris Braun, Javier Revilla Diez." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163728446/34.
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Bray, Wendy S. Coleman Mary Ruth. "A study of teacher transitions to a reform-based mathematics curriculum in an urban school the interaction of beliefs, knowledge, and classroom practices /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Education Culture, Curriculum, and Change." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.
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BEAVER, KEVIN MICHAEL. "THE INFLUENCE OF MARRIAGE, EMPLOYMENT, AND EDUCATION ON DESISTANCE FROM MARIJUANA: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF LIFE-COURSE TRANSITIONS IN RURAL AND URBAN SETTINGS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1003429633.
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Beaver, Kevin Michael. "The influence of marriage, employment, and education on desistance from marijuana examining the impact of life-course transitions in rural and urban settings /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1003429633.
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Pauls, Linnéa. "How Rainwater Can Transform Cities : An Evaluation of Success Factors for Urban Rainwater Harvesting Projects in Europe." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changing weather patterns challenge societies globally and at multiple levels related to amongst others health, the environment, disaster management and mitigation. There is a need for greater flexibility and resilience, which in turn can be enabled through a transition towards increased sustainability in governance and infrastructure. Urban rainwater harvesting (URWH) is a term used in this paper to collect various approaches to the sustainable handling of rainwater in cities, a practice becoming increasingly common in some areas of the world. Global experiences can be useful learning opportunities in the planning, implementation and maintenance of sustainable urban rainwater harvesting in future smart cities. The aim of this thesis was to synthesize the factors of success of previous projects, in order to develop a framework tailored to the evaluation of projects concerned with rainwater harvesting. The review spans over 18 projects of different scale and design. The findings of the study show that successful URWH projects are: (1) found as part of urban renewal schemes; (2) successfully implemented by involved actors with open mindsets and flexible and collaborative working approaches; (3) maintained based on plans determined from the onset of the project, developed together with local actors, in order to involve the community and strengthen social inclusion. The revised evaluative framework, which is proposed as a result of the review, indicates general trends of success among the reviewed cases. To be fully operational, the framework should be further developed with additional URWH projects and revised thereafter.
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Ljungberg, Alice. "Omställning till hållbara livsmedelssystem : Kommersiell stadsodling i Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-426761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
De storskaliga globala livsmedelssystemen står inför ett antal utmaningar inom hållbar utveckling. Livsmedelssystemens nuvarande utformning resulterar i hållbarhetsproblem som förlust av biologisk mångfald och utarmning av jordar, långa livsmedelskedjor och stora avstånd mellan konsument och producent. Klimatförändringarnas effekter och den ökande urbaniseringen bidrar ytterligare till problematiken. Behovet av en omställning till hållbara livsmedelssystem är därför stort och kräver innovativa lösningar såväl som en omfördelning av naturresurser. Ett exempel på en systeminnovation är stadsodling, som uppvisat potential till högre resurseffektivitet såväl som till ökad social hållbarhet i urbana och stadsnära områden. Trots det ökande intresset för stadsodling tycks det finnas en brist på empiriska studier som undersöker stadsodlingens nuvarande status, sammansättning och olika faktorer för utveckling. Syftet med detta examensarbete är således att identifiera faktorer och förutsättningar som påverkar utvecklingen av stadsodling som en del av omställningen mot en hållbarare livsmedelsproduktion, i den specifika kontexten i Stockholm. Studien tillämpade en flexibel, kvalitativ forskningsdesign och inbegriper en systematisk kartläggning och en kvalitativ fallstudie av kommersiell stadsodling i Stockholm. Det empiriska datamaterialet baseras på en litteraturstudie, semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer och insamling av sekundärdata. En innehållsanalys av det empiriska datamaterialet utfördes med vägledning av ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på omställningsteori ur ett flernivåperspektiv. Studiens resultat visar att kommersiell stadsodling är ett mångfacetterat såväl som växande fenomen, men att många verksamheter befinner sig i en tidig fas. Den form av kommersiell stadsodling som växt fram mest i Stockholm är klimatkontrollerade inomhusodlingar. Nio av 14 identifierade verksamheter är inomhusodlingar, två är etablerade växthus och tre är utomhusodlingar. Kartläggningen indikerar att kommersiell stadsodling i dagsläget bidrar med omkring 0.5-4% av direktkonsumtionen av örter och sallat i Storstockholm. Det finns dock potential för produktion av större volymer och en större mångfald av grödor i de olika stadsodlingssystemen. Studien identifierade ett flertal faktorer och förutsättningar som påverkar möjligheterna till en utveckling av lokal livsmedelsproduktion genom stadsodling. Byråkratiska, regulatoriska, ekonomiska och kulturella faktorer visade sig utgöra hinder för utvecklingen av stadsodling. Detta indikerar att det krävs politiskt stöd i form av främjande ramverk och policy för markanvändning, som möjliggör och underlättar upplåtelse av mark för kommersiell odling. Andra möjliggörande åtgärder kan vara policyverktyg för att i framtiden kunna underlätta offentlig upphandling av lokal mat. Vidare efterfrågas ett större engagemang och ansvar från näringslivet, i form av ökande investeringar i lokal och hållbar mat samt externa samarbeten mellan aktörer. De indikationer som framkom om att konsumenter i högre utsträckning går runt de dominerande alternativen i livsmedelssystemen och efterfrågar kortare värdekedjor identifierades också som en möjliggörande faktor för den fortsatta utvecklingen av stadsodling.<br>The globalised food systems are facing extensive challenges concerning sustainable development and are furthermore characterized by long supply chains with numerous food miles, industrial production and large-scale retailers. Dominant agricultural practices result in deforestation, loss of biodiversity and depletion of soil and natural resources. In addition, external factors such as climate change and urbanisation trends increases the complexity of these sustainability issues. Thus, transitions from the dominant food systems to more sustainable alternatives has been suggested in scientific literature. Transitions towards sustainability requires social and technical innovations as well as fundamental changes in the governance of food and agriculture. In light of this, a range of different urban farming practices have increasingly been considered to tackle some of these issues. Despite the growing interest in urban agriculture, there is a lack of extensive empirical studies exploring the current state of various urban farming practices and their role in the existing food systems. This study aims to explore the role of enabling factors that influence the development of commercial urban farming as part of a food sustainability transition, in the Stockholm area. The methodological approach of the project includes a qualitative case study and a mapping of productive urban food systems in Stockholm. The research design is flexible and the empirical data material builds on literature review, semi-structured interviews and secondary data collection. Content analysis is conducted and guided by the conceptual framework consisting of transition theory and the multi-level perspective framework. The results show that commercial urban farming is a diverse phenomenon gaining momentum in Stockholm. Commercial urban farming in Stockholm mainly consists of controlled environment farming; nine out of 14 establishments are indoor farms, two are well established greenhouses and three are outdoor cultivations. However, commercial urban farming seems to be more characterized by the local aspect and closeness to a dense population, rather than a certain applied technology. The mapping indicates that commercial urban farming in Stockholm is currently meeting 0.5-4 % of the direct consumption of herbs and lettuce in Stockholm, but that the potential production capacity is higher. Furthermore, the study found several enabling factors and barriers that affect the development of local food production through urban farming in Stockholm. Through the lens of the multi-level perspective, the main barriers identified are regulations and politics, economic funding and organizational and cultural structures in the food regime. This indicates that further development of urban farming in Stockholm requires support through frameworks and policy, for example regulations regarding land use, to enable disposal of land and estate for urban agriculture use. Measures to facilitate public procurement of locally produced food could also enable the development of urban farming initiatives. Moreover, interaction and co-operation between various stakeholders is crucial for niche development. Large businesses in the food sector could enable the development of urban farming through investments and partnerships. Finally, consumers could enable the development of urban farming by increasingly choosing the alternative pathways offered by some of the urban farming initiatives.
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Ludwig, Thomas John. "In Transition: Creating Early Successional Avian Habitat in Transitional Urban Spaces." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397740935.
Повний текст джерела
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Zvar, Hurtig Robert. "Food Habit Transitions in the Urban Areas of Low-Income Countries : A study on how globalization and urbanization influence food habits among primary pupils in Babati town, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2984.
Повний текст джерела
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Labaeye, Adrien, and Adrien Labaeye. "The Role of Digital Commons in a Socio-Ecological Transition of Cities." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21899.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diese Doktorarbeit untersucht die Rolle die Bürgerinitiativen an der Schnittstelle zwischen städtischen und digitalen Räumen spielen können.
Sie folgt drei Untersuchungslinien. Zunächst wird untersucht, wie die Forschung zu aus Graswurzelbewegungen entstandenen Alternativen für nachhaltige und gerechte Städte von einer besonderen Art des digitalen Gemeinguts profitieren kann: des kollaborativen kartografischen Mappings. Zweitens wird die Verflechtung von digitalen Gemeingütern mit physischen städtischen Gemeingütern untersucht, um zu verstehen, wie die gemeinsame Nutzung zu transformativen Effekten in der Stadt führen kann. Drittens wird versucht, das transformative Potenzial der Gemeingüter als ein Narrativ des Wandels für nachhaltige und gerechte Städte im digitalen Zeitalter zu bewerten.
Methodisch stützt die Arbeit sich auf Aktionsforschung, primäre Einzelfallstudien sowie eine vergleichende Fallstudienanalyse.
Ein vorläufiges Ergebnis ist die Identifizierung von basisgeleiteten kollaborativen Mappings – hier betrachtet als Initiativen des gemeinsamen Wirkens (Commoning) – als wertvolle Wissensquellen zu alternativer Stadtökonomik.
Die Hauptergebnisse zwingen uns dazu, das klassisch-naturalistische Verständnis des Gemeinguts in Frage zu stellen, welches dazu neigt, ein Gemeingut als gegeben zu betrachten. Stattdessen wäre es für die Forschung von Vorteil, einen gemeinsamen Prozess zu untersuchen: die Rückgewinnung, Schaffung und Nutzung gemeinsamer städtischer Ressourcen. Über die künstliche Trennung zwischen materiellen und immateriellen Facetten des Gemeingutes hinaus lässt sich (urbanes) Commoning am besten als eine relationale Praxis in Pflege und Aufbau von Partnerschaften für die Reproduktion von Leben in der Stadt definieren. Dies ist umso wichtiger, dass digitale Werkzeuge zwar neue Potenziale eröffnen können, aber im Gegensatz zu anderen Diskursen (Sharing Economy, Smart Cities) für das Commoning der Stadt nicht von zentraler Bedeutung sind.<br>This doctoral research investigates the role that citizen-driven initiatives can play at the intersection of the urban and digital spaces.
It follows three lines of investigation. First, it explores how research about grassroots alternatives for sustainable and just cities may benefit from a particular type of digital commons: collaborative cartographic mappings. Second, it investigates the intertwin of digital commons with physical urban commons to understand how commoning may lead to transformative impacts in the city. Third, it seeks to evaluate the transformative potential of the commons as a narrative of change for sustainable and just cities in the digital age.
Methodologically, it relies on action research, primary individual case-studies as well as a comparative case-study analysis.
A preliminary result is the identification of grassroots-led collaborative mappings – seen as commoning initiatives – as valuable sources of knowledge about alternative urban economies.
Main results compel us to question the classical/naturalist understanding of the commons that tends to consider it as a given. Instead, research would benefit to investigate a commoning process: the reclaiming creation, and use of shared urban resources. And, further, transcending artificial divides between the tangible and intangible facets of the commons, (urban) commoning is best defined as a relational practice of caring for and building partnerships for the reproduction of life in the city. This is all the more important that another significant result of the present work is that, while they may open new potential, digital tools are not central to commoning the city, in contrast other discourses (Sharing Economy, Smart Cities).
Epistemologically, the author recommends aligning the effort of researching urban commoning to the Diverse/Community Economies research agenda which calls for performative studies of more-than-human urban commoning-communities.
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Flynn, Lukas. "Civic Food : Designing for Food Citizenship in a Food System Characterized by Mutualistic Resilience." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explored design’s role in transitioning the Swedish food system to one that is more resilient to the shocks caused by climate change and in the context of the project duration, COVID-19. The project’s central question was: What does food citizenship look like in a resilient food system, and what design process is necessary to facilitate such a solution? The project collaborated with a local food ecosystem startup, Harvest, which has the mission to improve the local food supply chain so everyone can eat deliciously and sustainability. Together with Harvest, the project developed a vision of what the local food ecosystem will look like in a viable world. It proposes that collective action around food is a possible vehicle for systems transition. The resulting design is the proposition of a network that connects urban communities to local food producers while facilitating the support required to expand the production capability and stability of the local food ecosystem. The network is grounded in the design principles synthesized from the research conducted with the creative communities in Sweden that are working towards a resilient food system. The ideas of mutual aid and the permaculture ethics of people care and fair share have been guiding forces as supporting those living in transition is an essential element of food systems transition. From this proposition the project sets to explore what disruptive innovations need to occur in order to reach this vision. By framing the project in this way I aim to not only illuminate what the preferable future looks like and how it will function, but also illustrate how it is possible to reach this future.
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Runsten, Simon. "To Cities in the Global South, From Sweden with Love." Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapid urbanization and limited resources is creating enormous challenges to cities in the global South, which has been increasingly acknowledged as a motivation for international cooperation in recent years. Both theory and practice have however paid little attention to how differences in geographical contexts and views on what sustainability is play out in such cooperation. This study therefore explores how Swedish actors have sought to contribute to urban sustainability in low-income countries in the Global South. These efforts are traced through a case study of the Swedish SymbioCity concept by using an actor-network theory approach. Policy mobility theory is used to discuss how the transfer and translation of policies between cities takes focus away from their contested nature. Concepts are then drawn from socio-technical transitions theory to discuss what this specifically means in transitioning towards sustainability. Data is gathered through review of written materials and semi-structured interviews with actors in the case study. In following the evolution of the Sustainable City concept, I argue that it has managed to mutate so well “from trade to aid” due to its “fluid” and lovable qualities and a notion of Swedish urban sustainability which can be flexibly interpreted. In tracing the networking of Swedish sustainability, I argue that SymbioCity has followed a previously observed pattern in which the approach has been adapted to travel and the recipients have been prepared to receive the approach. In considering how the approach has impacted its recipients, I argue that although its applications seem to have been appreciated, the translation of urban sustainability throughout the network has turned focus away from the issue of what urban sustainability is by coordinating activities and by educating the recipients’ attention towards techno-managerial problem framings. I conclude that Swedish actors have managed to carefully adopt a commercial model of urban sustainability to the purposes of development cooperation and its geographical contexts of application. While this mutation has given rise to a network of somewhat disconnected practices, the efforts of both branches have nevertheless contributed to establishing sustainability as being fundamentally uncontested in its nature. This view of sustainability can be said to be permitted by certain interpretations of the Swedish experience of becoming more sustainable. From this I conclude that to ensure that international cooperation for urban sustainability takes place on equal and fundamentally democratic terms, Swedish actors (and sustainability transition theorists alike) would do well to also encourage and facilitate inclusive and critical discussions of how urban sustainability can be understood, in the North as well as the South. The main limitation of this work lies in the actual engagement with the targeted cities, which prevents a thorough understanding of both the perceived and the actual impact of the export of Swedish urban sustainability. Further research should therefore pay attention to how it has affected the targeted cities.
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Kim, Eun Hye. "Les transitions énergétiques urbaines du XIXe au XXIe siècle : de la biomasse aux combustibles fossiles et fissiles à Paris (France)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La croissance de la consommation par les villes de ressources naturelles est un facteur déterminant dans l'altération de la biosphère. Pour comprendre le processus du changement du rapport entre la ville et la biosphère, transition socioécologique dans le cas particulier de la ville, nous avons caractérisé la ville comme étant tributaire de la ressource 1 externe en termes matériel et écologique. On s'intéresse dans ce travail à la relation entre la demande en énergie de la ville, l'évolution du système d'approvisionnement urbain et extra urbain en énergie, et le bassin d'approvisionnement en ressource énergétique avec le cas de l'agglomération parisienne. Pour ce faire, nous avons d'une pan tenté d'évaluer la pression environnementale effectuée pour la consommation énergétique urbaine. métabolisme urbain, en utilisant la. méthode d'analyse de flux d'énergie et de matière (AFME). L'AFME s'intéresse à mesurer le métabolisme d'une société et inclut par conséquent la consommation énergétique technique (pour le chauffage, le transport, l'industrie) 1 ainsi que l'alimentation humaine et animale consommée dans la ville. La consommation énergétique urbaine est évaluée par la demande énergétique totale (DET), indicateur de pression environnementale. dans le but de mesurer la 1 consommation d'énergie primaire en amont pour l'approvisionnement en énergie finale du territoire. On essaie ensuite de mettre en parallèle l'évolution de la DET pour l'énergie technique et l'évolution du rayon d'approvisionnement de i cette dernière au fur et à mesure de la croissance urbaine.
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Etesse, Manuel. "Transitions postscolaires et inégalité sociale à Lima : poursuite éducative et insertion professionnelle des jeunes de la génération «Ochentas»." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis les années 1990, le Pérou connaît une stabilité économique et sociale prolongée, qui est la toile de fond d'une génération née pendant une des pires crises de l'histoire du pays. Cette génération « Ochentas » (années 1980) a grandi au cours de la relance néolibérale, sous laquelle l'expansion de l'enseignement privé a été fulgurant et l'emploi s'est fortement accru mais aussi flexibilisé. Par ailleurs, le modèle familial patriarcal péruvien tend à évoluer vers des formes nouvelles, notamment l'érosion des rôles de genre traditionnels et de l'autorité parentale. Dans ce contexte, où perdurent des inégalités sociales historiques, les jeunes de la génération étudiée ont vécu leur sortie du collège et ont fait face aux premiers choix décisifs pour leur avenir, choix encadrés par des possibilités et des significations spécifiques selon le milieu social dont ils sont issus. La thèse traite des transitions postscolaires au niveau des trajectoires éducative (dans l'enseignement supérieur) et professionnelle dans la ville de Lima. Elle offre un regard approfondi de la dimension chronologique et sur les mécanismes sociaux qui l'influencent. D'une part, elle examine l'hétérogénéité sociale des transitions, notamment l'influence du contexte familial dans la poursuite d'études et l'insertion professionnelle en prenant en compte ses caractéristiques éducatives, socioéconomiques, démographiques et migratoires. D'autre part, elle identifie des spécificités des itinéraires masculins et féminins à la sortie de l'enseignement secondaire. Finalement, elle analyse l'influence spécifique de l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur dans l'entourage du jeune, dans le ménage et le quartier de résidence. Pour retracer les trajectoires et la socialisation des jeunes de la génération Ochentas, le travail articule une approche quantitative inédite (analyses descriptives et multivariées) des données censitaires de 2007 avec une approche qualitative basée sur des entretiens approfondis réalisés en 2017. Les résultats montrent des écarts considérables dans les transitions éducatives et professionnelles à la sortie du collège, notamment en termes d'inégalités d'accès à l'enseignement supérieur et à travers le type de filière d'études intégrée. Si plusieurs facteurs sont déterminants, le capital culturel parental en est de premier ordre, ce qui n'est que vaguement étudié dans la littérature concernant les dynamiques sociales au Pérou. De même, les rapports sociaux de genre donnent forme à ces transitions, en particulier concernant l'insertion professionnelle. Par ailleurs, le travail de recherche montre que la ségrégation sociale dans la métropole, observée à l'échelle du quartier, est associée à des transitions postscolaires offrant moins d'autonomie et d'indépendance individuelle. Enfin, les résultats obtenus illustrent tout le potentiel d'analyse des données censitaires -en dépit de leurs limites- par rapport aux données d'enquêtes<br>Since the 1990s, Peru has enjoyed sustained economic and social stability, which is the backdrop for a generation born during one of the worst crises in the country's history. This "Ochentas" generation (1980s) grew up during the neoliberal revival, under which the expansion of private education was dazzling and employment grew strongly but also more flexible. In addition, the patriarchal family model tends to evolve into new forms, including the erosion of gender roles and parental authority. In this context, where historical social inequalities persist, young people of the generation studied have gone out of college and faced the first decisive choices for their future, choices framed by specific possibilities and meanings depending on the social milieu they are from. The thesis deals with post-school transitions at the level of education (in higher education) and work trajectories in the city of Lima. It offers an in-depth look at the chronological dimension and the social mechanisms that influence it. On the one hand, it examines the social heterogeneity of transitions, in particular the influence of the family context in the pursuit of studies and professional integration, taking into account its educational, socio-economic, demographic and migratory characteristics. On the other hand, it identifies specificities of the male and female routes at the end of secondary education. Finally, she analyzes the specific influence of access to higher education in the environment of the young person, in the household and the neighborhood of residence. To trace the trajectories and socialization of the Ochentas generation, the work articulates an unprecedented quantitative approach (descriptive and multivariate analyzes) of the 2007 census data with a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2017. The results show considerable differences in educational and vocational transitions after high school, particularly in terms of inequalities of access to higher education and through the type of study pathways. If several factors are decisive, the parental cultural capital is of first order, which is only marginally studied in the literature concerning the social dynamics in Peru. Similarly, gender relations give shape to these transitions, in particular concerning occupational integration. In addition, the research shows that social segregation in the metropolis, observed at the neighborhood level, is associated with post-school transitions leading to lesser autonomy and independence. Finally, the results obtained show the potential for census data -despite their limitation- compared to survey data<br>Desde la década de 1990, el Perú tiene una estabilidad económica y social que caracteriza el contexto en el que ha crecido una generación nacida durante una de las peores crisis de su historia. La generación "Ochentas" ha crecido en el contexto de reformas neoliberales, en la cual la expansión de la educación privada ha sido explosiva y el mercado de trabajo se ha expandido y flexibilizado. Por otra parte, el modelo familiar patriarcal ha tendido a evolucionar hacia nuevas formas, en particular con la erosión de los roles tradicionales de género y de la autoridad parental. En ese contexto, en el que perduran desigualdades históricas, los jóvenes de la generación estudiada han vivido su salida de la secundaria, y hacen frente a sus primeras decisiones importantes para su futuro. Estas se ven enmarcadas según las posibilidades y significados específicos según el origen social de cada joven. La tesis trata de las transiciones postescolares en las trayectorias educativa y laboral en Lima, ofreciendo una mirada minuciosa sobre las cronologías y los mecanismos sociales que las influencian. Por un lado, examina la heterogeneidad social de las transiciones, especialmente en cuanto a la influencia del contexto familiar en la continuidad educativa y en la inserción profesional, tomando en cuenta sus características educativas, socioeconómicas, demográficas y migratorias. Por otra parte, identifica las particularidades de las trayectorias y la socialización de los jóvenes de la generación. Finalmente, el trabajo analiza la influencia especifica del acceso a la educación superior en el entorno del joven, a nivel del hogar y del barrio. Para identificar patrones en las transiciones, la investigación articula análisis multivariado con datos del censo 2007, con entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en 2017. Los resultados muestran importantes distancias en las transiciones educativas y profesionales a la salida del colegio, especialmente por la desigualdad de acceso a estudios superiores y el tipo de estudios realizados. Si se han identificado asociaciones particulares, el capital cultural de los padres es uno de primer orden, dimensión poco estudiada en la dinámica social contemporánea en el Perú. Asimismo, el género da forma a las trayectorias de los jóvenes, en particular en la dimensión laboral. Por otra parte, el trabajo muestra que la segregación social en la ciudad, observada a nivel barrial, está asociada con transiciones que ofrecen menor autonomía e independencia individual. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos ilustran el potencial del análisis de datos censales ¿a pesar de sus limitaciones¿ con respecto a datos de encuestas
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Brandão, Tiago André Silva. "Um quotidiano rural no espaço urbano." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.<br>ABSTRACT: It is inherent to the human being the unique and distinct way he interacts with the spaces or with a particular place. This is, by itself, essential for the development of each other. Both share the time. Both age, connected by cause / effect relations where both become - or at least should become- the reflection of each other. Together they tend to mold themselves as consequence of how humans use the space and its spatial response, whether in small public / private spaces or in large urban centers. Recognizing Lisbon as an heterogeneous urban space, consolidated as a whole but fragmented in detail, the present essay aims, at first, to develop a critical and intervening approach to the Rio Seco’s valley, a featureless and fragmented area of Lisbon. Secondary, it focuses on the Casalinho da Ajuda neighborhood case. While attempting to understand its intrinsic relationship between place, the community and its lifestyles, this thesis talks about the crucial influence and important impact that daily life activities should have on the design of new urban public spaces. Finally, the essay intend to praise and question how can architecture, and its physical representation by an architectural object, intervene on the design of new public spaces while shaping them into good transitions and interfaces between the urban and the natural spaces, providing the necessary support and environment for the correct development of certain communities lifestyles, promoting a cohesive way of living and finally, creating the means for a suitable social interaction.
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Chang, Ellen Y. "Cinematic Remapping of the Taiwanese Sense of Self: On the Transitions in Treatments of History and Memory from "The Taiwanese Experience" to "The Taipei Experience"." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1345130562.
Повний текст джерела
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Diebäcker, Tarek, and Meike Sigrid Wernecke. "Moments of Transition. Transitional Spaces as Agents for Social Change in Favour of Youths." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297397.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This design thesis is situated in Stockholm’s northernmost suburbs of the Järva area. The area was mainly developed during the era of the Million Homes Programme (1965-1974) and is today commonly considered as one of the city’s socially most challenged areas. The idea of Moments of Transitions addresses possible transitions in three aspects: generational, social and spatial. The key protagonists of this project are local youths who – by growing up and into their urban environments – have a strong stake in the future of the Järva area. As of today, they are a social group with limited influence on decision-making processes and whose needs are rarely taken into account in urban development projects. Challenging the status quo, this thesis aims to present potentials for social change in the favour of youths. This project first presents an analysis of the historic development of Järva, ongoing planning projects and local contexts. Subsequently, a framework for Moments of Transition is established and developed in three instances. Each of those centers around one decisive theme for local youths: re_mediation, motion and imaginations. Together, they shall help in building a suburb where youths want to continue to live in.
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Costa, Cátia Santana Alves da. "Edifício e espaço de transição." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Teoria e Prática de Projeto, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.<br>Esta investigação foi financiada pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. Bolsa de Doutoramento, Ref.ª SFRH/BD/62052/2009 e desenvolvida pelo Centro de Investigação em Arquitetura Urbanismo e Design (CIAUD).<br>N/A
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Hewitt, Sara Ann. "Young urban Bulgarians| Transition and disempowerment." Thesis, Biola University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3561128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p> Bulgaria has repeatedly been ranked as 1 of the most pessimistic and unhappy nations in the world in surveys conducted over the last 15 years. The transition to a democratic form of government and a free market economy that began in 1989 has been difficult, even traumatic. Young urban adults who have grown up during this period of uncertainty were the focus of this study. Because of Bulgaria's extremely low birth rate and high rate of emigration, this generation is small in demographic terms, but their contribution to the country's future is critical. </p><p> The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore and describe the sources of hope that enable these young Bulgarians to survive and cope. Data were gathered through focus group discussions that involved the viewing of a contemporary Bulgarian film. 3 major themes emerged from the focus group data: power, the nature goodness, and the act of believing (as opposed to belief in a supernatural or religious object). Analysis of these themes and an extensive review of available literature, including many local Bulgarian-language sources, led to the development of a theory of disempowerment as the best explanation of participants' perception their environment, themselves, and how they choose to cope. Participants' primary coping strategy is withdrawal. Because they are convinced that their environment is hostile and unjust and that they do not possess sufficient power to protect themselves, their primary source of hope is to avoid further loss through maintaining a limited number of close personal relationships, avoiding civic involvement, and utilizing the act of believing as a form of rationalization. Participants show virtually no interest in or reliance on religious faith, belief in supernatural power, or existential meaning as sources of hope for their lives. </p><p> Though the theory of disempowerment is helpful in describing and understanding participants' lives, the sources of hope identified are ineffectual. This study suggests potential paths of application for churches and Christian organizations and recommends further research concerning the form that the search for existential meaning may take in the Bulgarian context.</p>
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Olckers, Heinrich. "Entopia : creating an urban transition space." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29933.
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This study is aimed at identifying ways in which architecture can facilitate social cohesion and desegregation. The preindustrial vernacular, which has failed to adapt from apartheid ideologies, has been proposed to include social integration as opposed to the creation of segregated environments. This is achieved through the design of an urban waiting room and gateway at the threshold between Pretoria Station and the inner city of Pretoria. The investigation can be summarised as creating entopia, which translates to achievable space, focus on architecture of the every day, cater to real world needs of city users and address problems unique to place and setting - which in the context of Pretoria, includes the promotion of social integration. Copyright 2011, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Heinrich, O 2011, Entopia : creating an urban transition space, MArch(Prof) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11292011-162950 / > C12/4/38/gm<br>Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Architecture<br>unrestricted
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Nathan, Noah. "Electoral Politics Amid Africa's Urban Transition: A Study of Urban Ghana." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Africa is rapidly urbanizing. With so many African voters now living in cities, understanding African electoral politics now requires understanding the politics of urban areas. How does urbanization affect the accountability relationships between voters and politicians? Answering this question means answering a series of more specific empirical questions: what do urban voters want from the government? Which types of urban voters participate in politics and which do not? How do urban voters choose which candidates to support? How do politicians campaign in cities? Which types of urban voters do politicians seek to favor with state resources? %These are the core empirical questions examined in the dissertation.
Electoral politics in African cities received significant attention in the independence era, but little political science research has examined these cities in the contemporary democratic period. The small literature that has is largely supportive of modernization approaches. Modernization theories expect a series of socio-economic transformations created by urbanization to reduce the political importance of ethnicity and the prevalence of clientelism and other forms of patronage-based politics. But I argue that urbanization also simultaneously creates conditions that reinforce incentives for patronage distribution, clientelism, and ethnic voting. Scarcity in the provision of basic services in contexts of low state capacity encourages politicians to continue employing patronage-based appeals. This solidifies many voters' incentives to support ethnically-aligned parties and drives the new urban middle class away from active political participation, lowering pressure on urban politicians to engage in programmatic, policy-based competition.
I explore these incentives through a detailed study of Greater Accra, the largest metropolitan area in Ghana. I combine original survey data and survey experiments, fine-grained geo-coded census data, and extensive qualitative evidence to explore voters' policy preferences, vote choices, and patterns of political participation, as well as politicians' strategies in a cross-section of urban neighborhoods. The findings suggest that rather than pulling political competition in one direction, as modernization theories expect, urbanization in Africa instead moves political outcomes in multiple directions at once: reinforcing ethnic competition and clientelism in some neighborhoods, while undermining these forms of political competition in other neighborhoods within the same city at the same time. Studies of the effects of urbanization must recognize that these dual realities co-exist within African cities.
In addition to building our understanding of urban politics in Africa, the dissertation contributes to broader political science debates about the emergence of programmatic competition, determinants of political participation, patterns of distributive politics, the importance of neighborhood context, and the causes of ethnic political competition in new democracies.<br>Government
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Zouras, Jamie. "Collaborative decision-making in green and blue infrastructure projects : The case of Copenhagen’s Hans Tavsens Park and Korsgade." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278533.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Worsening climate change impacts, particularly in coastal areas, are forcing urban planners and designers to find new approaches to govern cities. Traditional government approaches are failing to equip cities with effective strategies on how to implement sustainable interventions such as green and blue infrastructure. Adaptive governance has emerged as a way of dealing with the inherent uncertainty and unpredictability of complex social-ecological systems. It is neither top-down nor bottom-up but involves innovative ways of solving problems with emphasis on collaborative decision-making. This research focuses specifically on how collaboration is undertaken in adaptive governance processes by examining The Soul of Nørrebro case study—an integrated urban design and climate adaptation project for Hans Tavsens Park and Korsgade in Copenhagen, Denmark. Through desk study and interviews, the study identifies which stakeholders are involved in collaborative decision-making processes and how stakeholders envision, implement, and contest collaborative decision-making in The Soul of Nørrebro green and blue infrastructure project. This research found that participation from a wide range of local stakeholders and citizens is an integral part of redesigning public space, as it helps create cohesive, just, and ecologically productive environments. However, trade-offs that result in political decisions that are desirable to some and not to others cannot be avoided in the end. While certain setbacks were unavoidable, others that were encountered could have perhaps been prevented through increased transdisciplinary and representative collaboration.
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Shoaf, M. Todd. "Urban in the sky : a vertical transition /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020340/.
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ABD, ALLA SARA. "Supporting Energy Transition in the Urban Environment." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1042131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this research, a technology-oriented approach is adopted to investigate the urban energy transition. This analysis focuses on envisioning possible energy scenarios and the associated technology portfolio. In order to actually deploy such technologies, social, economic and politic factors are considered without forgetting the active role of final users. The methodology presented to develop scenarios and investigate the urban energy system transition have a strong potential to inform and transform energy strategy development. The attention is paid to the representation of energy and related resource systems to support policy, investment, environmental or development analytics, and preferably aspects of their interaction.
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RICCHIARDI, HERNANDEZ ANA MARIA. "Mapping transitional urban forms The form of the in-formal in Sub-Saharan Africa." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2972206.
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Daniele, Cappelletti. "Between external and internal space : an urban transition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72623.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Page 283 blank. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-282).<br>The aim of this dissertation is to explore the evolution of both architecture and urban space, in terms of mutual relationship between solids and voids, with particular attention to two transitional moments of ancient and modern history: the Hellenistic and Baroque periods. This study is the result of the consideration that in certain periods, at least in western history, there is a clear predominance of either interior or exterior space in relation to architecture. If on one hand external space seems to predominate in Greek and modern architecture, interior space is prevalent between the Roman and the Renaissance periods. The hypothesis is that both the Hellenistic and Baroque periods represent intermediate phases in the historical transition between interior and exterior space and that this transition is manifested, through the transformations of the urban fabric, in the enclosed civic spaces of forums and squares. The methodological approach can be more easily described defining what this analysis is not meant to be: this examination is neither intended to be an urban theory nor a historical study. The intention is to interrelate theory and history, remaining distant from the necessary abstraction of urban design theory and, at the same time, avoiding the indispensable specificity and attention to details required by architecture history.<br>by Daniele Cappelletti.<br>S.M.
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Chen, Po-Hao. "Urban Architecture: Differentiation from Street to Sky." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30902.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Compared to making a city solely out of one building, it is rather important for people to understand what roles a building can play in a city; especially within urban condition. How a building could actually react and respond to certain human perceptions and functions as an element of a city has become a significant issue. From place to place, the city mutates in several different phases, such as usage, terrain, orientation and material. Therefore, to embrace the urban situation and to optimize the space emerged as the main element of the whole thesis.
The particular character of the site starts this program as a mix-usage building from the beginning. Whether it is the usage or orientation that mutates along the city, they should finally come to a concord of optimization and solution that represents the city either on the street or in the sky.<br>Master of Architecture