Статті в журналах: "Urban Traffic Simulator"

1

De Palma, André, Fabrice Marchal, and Yurii Nesterov. "METROPOLIS: Modular System for Dynamic Traffic Simulation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, no. 1 (January 1997): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-24.

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METROPOLIS proposes an interactive environment that simulates automobile traffic in large urban areas. The core of the system is a dynamic simulator that integrates commuters’ departure time and route choice behaviors over large networks: Drivers are assumed to minimize a generalized travel cost function that depends on travel time and schedule delay. This simulator is based on a behavioral driver information process. It allows real-time and off-line simulations. The system also includes a scenario builder and a graphical results viewer. The main ideas underlying METROPOLIS are presented, and preliminary computer simulation experiments are discussed for Geneva, Switzerland.

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2

Félez, Jesus, Joaquin Maroto, Gregorio Romero, and Jose M. Cabanellas. "A Full Driving Simulator of Urban Traffic including Traffic Accidents." SIMULATION 83, no. 5 (May 2007): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549707083109.

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3

Louw, Cobus, Louwrens Labuschagne, and Tiffany Woodley. "Comparison of Reinforcement Learning Agents Applied to Traffic Signal Optimisation." SUMO Conference Proceedings 3 (September 29, 2022): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/scp.v3i.116.

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Traditional methods for traffic signal control at an urban intersection are not effective in controlling traffic flow for dynamic traffic demand which leads to negative environmental, psychological and financial impacts for all parties involved. Urban traffic management is a complex problem with multiple factors effecting the control of traffic flow. With recent advancements in machine learning (ML), especially reinforcement learning (RL), there is potential to solve this problem. The idea is to allow an agent to learn optimal behaviour to maximise specific metrics through trial and error. In this paper we apply two RL algorithms, one policy-based, the other value-based, to solve this problem in simulation. For the simulation, we use an open-source traffic simulator, Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO), packaged as an OpenAI Gym environment. We trained the agents on different traffic patterns on a simulated intersection. We compare the performance of the resultant policies to traditional approaches such as the Webster and vehicle actuated (VA) methods. We also examine and contrast the policies learned by the RL agents and evaluate how well they generalise to different traffic patterns.

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4

Mital, Dinesh P. "An Intelligent Urban Traffic Network Controller and Simulator." IETE Technical Review 7, no. 1 (January 1990): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1990.11438582.

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5

Mital, Dinesh P. "An intelligent urban traffic network controller and simulator." Journal of Microcomputer Applications 12, no. 1 (January 1989): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0745-7138(89)90008-0.

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6

Meng, Meng, Chunfu Shao, Jingjing Zeng, and Chunjiao Dong. "A simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment model with combined modes." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v26i1.1252.

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This paper presents a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model for urban multi-modal transportation network by constructing a mesoscopic simulation model. Several traffic means such as private car, subway, bus and bicycle are considered in the network. The mesoscopic simulator consists of a mesoscopic supply simulator based on MesoTS model and a time-dependent demand simulator. The mode choice is simultaneously considered with the route choice based on the improved C-Logit model. The traffic assignment procedure is implemented by a time-dependent shortest path (TDSP) algorithm in which travellers choose their modes and routes based on a range of choice criteria. The model is particularly suited for appraising a variety of transportation management measures, especially for the application of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Five example cases including OD demand level, bus frequency, parking fee, information supply and car ownership rate are designed to test the proposed simulation model through a medium-scale case study in Beijing Chaoyang District in China. Computational results illustrate excellent performance and the application of the model to analysis of urban multi-modal transportation networks.

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7

Al-Mousa, Amjed, Belal H. Sababha, Nailah Al-Madi, Amro Barghouthi, and Remah Younisse. "UTSim: A framework and simulator for UAV air traffic integration, control, and communication." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 172988141987093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419870937.

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The interest in unmanned systems especially unmanned aerial vehicle is continuously increasing. Unmanned aerial vehicles started to become of great benefit in many different fields. It is anticipated that unmanned aerial vehicles will soon become a main component of the future urban air traffic. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles within existing air traffic environments has started getting the attention of researchers. Integrating unmanned systems in the real-world urban air traffic requires the development of tools and simulators to enable researchers in their ongoing efforts. In this article, a simulator called UTSim is introduced. The proposed simulator is built using the Unity platform. UTSim is capable of simulating unmanned aerial vehicle physical specification, navigation, control, communication, sensing and avoidance in environments with static and moving objects. The simulator enables studying and exploring several unmanned aerial vehicle air traffic integration issues like sense and avoid, communication protocols, navigation algorithms, and much more. UTSim is designed and developed to be easily used. The user can specify the properties of the environment, the number and types of unmanned aerial vehicles in the environment, and specify the algorithm to be used for path planning and collision avoidance. The simulator outputs a log file with a lot of useful information such as the number of sent and received messages, the number of detected objects and collided unmanned aerial vehicles. Three scenarios have been implemented in this article to present the capabilities of UTSim and to illustrate how it can benefit researchers in the field of integrating unmanned aerial vehicles in urban air traffic.

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8

Keler, Andreas, Patrick Malcolm, Georgios Grigoropoulos, and Klaus Bogenberger. "Designing Maps for Bicycling Simulator Studies – three practical Approaches." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-59-2021.

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Abstract. Bicycle simulator studies result from attempts of solving various novel problem statements of modern transportation-related research questions. Examples imply the evaluation of novel traffic control strategies for prioritizing urban bicycle traffic, novel bicycle infrastructure (such as bicycle highways) and the interaction and communication of vulnerable road users with automated or autonomous vehicles. As one of classical disciplines of transportation research, namely traffic engineering, and less related to human factors research, automotive research, geography, urban planning or citizen science, we want to point out those bicycle simulator studies design approaches, which are more related to testing novel traffic control strategies for cyclists, experiencing changing traffic-efficiency and –safety-related parameters in ongoing interfaced microscopic traffic flow simulations. We believe that this is a key factor in experiencing various traffic situations and the evaluation of thereof. In this research, we introduce three practical approaches of how to design maps for bicycling simulator studies. This is mainly resulting from manifold practical experiences from already conducted simulator studies beginning from the year 2018.

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9

Keler, Andreas, Patrick Malcolm, Georgios Grigoropoulos, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Heather Kaths, Fritz Busch, and Klaus Bogenberger. "Data-Driven Scenario Specification for AV–VRU Interactions at Urban Roundabouts." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 8281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158281.

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Detailed specifications of urban traffic from different perspectives and scales are crucial for understanding and predicting traffic situations from the view of an autonomous vehicle (AV). We suggest a data-driven specification scheme for maneuvers at different design elements of the built infrastructure and focus on urban roundabouts in Germany. Based on real observations, we define classes of maneuvers, interactions and driving strategies for cyclists, pedestrians and motorized vehicles and define a matrix for merging different maneuvers, resulting in more complex interactions. The sequences of these interactions, which partially consist of explicit communications, are extracted from real observations and adapted into microscopic traffic flow simulations. The simulated maneuver sequences are then visualized in 3D environments and experienced by bicycle simulator test subjects. Using trajectory segments (in fictional space) from two conducted simulator studies, we relate the recorded movement patterns of test subjects with observed cyclists in reality.

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10

Diakaki, Christina, Vaya Dinopoulou, Kostas Aboudolas, Markos Papageorgiou, Elia Ben-Shabat, Eran Seider, and Amit Leibov. "Extensions and New Applications of the Traffic-Responsive Urban Control Strategy: Coordinated Signal Control for Urban Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1856, no. 1 (January 2003): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1856-22.

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The objectives, approach, advantages, and some application results of recent extensions of the traffic-responsive urban control (TUC) strategy are presented. Based on well-known methods of the automatic control theory, TUC allows for traffic-responsive coordinated signal control of large-scale urban networks that is particularly efficient under saturated traffic conditions. The first version of the TUC strategy controlled only the green splits. After initial development and the first field implementations and evaluations, TUC was expanded to perform real-time cycle and offset control, and to allow for public transport priority. Simulation investigations of the extended TUC application in parts of the urban networks of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, Israel, by use of the AIMSUN microscopic simulator demonstrate the high efficiency of the new signal control strategy.

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11

Maheshwary, Palak, Kinjal Bhattacharyya, Bhargab Maitra, and Manfred Boltze. "A methodology for calibration of traffic micro-simulator for urban heterogeneous traffic operations." Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 7, no. 4 (August 2020): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2018.06.007.

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12

Rida, Nouha, Mohammed Ouadoud, and Abderrahim Hasbi. "Coordinated Signal Control System in Urban Road Network." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 10 (September 18, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i10.15473.

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Road congestion has become one of the major problems of urban cities due to the growth in the number of vehicles and the limitation of road infrastructure. The consequences of this congestion can be seen through a difficult movement of vehicles, an increase in CO2 emissions, increasing energy consumption, and stress for drivers. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) based on wireless sensor networks (WSN) have emerged with new solutions and application potentials in the context of the Intelligent city. In this article, we study an approach of using a wireless sensor network to control the traffic lights of several intersections and optimize their performance by reducing the average waiting time of users. the proposed adaptive traffic light controller determines the traffic lights sequence in real time based on the current traffic situation at the local intersection, the expected arrivals and the degree of congestion at destination intersections. To evaluate our approach, we construct an intersection network of twenty-four intersections with high traffic intensity using the SUMO simulator, the results of the simulation demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of the proposed algorithm.

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13

Toledo, Tomer, Haris N. Koutsopoulos, Angus Davol, Moshe E. Ben-Akiva, Wilco Burghout, Ingmar Andréasson, Tobias Johansson, and Christen Lundin. "Calibration and Validation of Microscopic Traffic Simulation Tools: Stockholm Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1831, no. 1 (January 2003): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1831-08.

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The calibration and validation approach and results from a case study applying the microscopic traffic simulation tool MITSIMLab to a mixed urban-freeway network in the Brunnsviken area in the north of Stockholm, Sweden, under congested traffic conditions are described. Two important components of the simulator were calibrated: driving behavior models and travel behavior components, including origin–destination flows and the route choice model. In the absence of detailed data, only aggregate data (i.e., speed and flow measurements at sensor locations) were available for calibration. Aggregate calibration uses simulation output, which is a result of the interaction among all components of the simulator. Therefore, it is, in general, impossible to identify the effect of individual models on traffic flow when using aggregate data. The calibration approach used takes these interactions into account by iteratively calibrating the different components to minimize the deviation between observed and simulated measurements. The calibrated MITSIMLab model was validated by comparing observed and simulated measurements: traffic flows at sensor locations, point-to-point travel times, and queue lengths. A second set of measurements, taken a year after the ones used for calibration, was used at this stage. Results of the validation are presented. Practical difficulties and limitations that may arise with application of the calibration and validation approach are discussed.

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14

Chuprov, Sergey, Ilia Viksnin, Iuliia Kim, Nikita Tursukov, and Gleb Nedosekin. "Empirical Study on Discrete Modeling of Urban Intersection Management System." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2020040102.

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With the growing number of cars in the world, there are corresponding problems that society needs to solve. In metropolises, intersections are generators of traffic jams and traffic accidents. The introduction of unmanned autonomous vehicles is one of the solutions to increase safety on the road. To avoid traffic jams, it is necessary to optimize road traffic. This article proposes a model of the intersection management system. The system aims to organize a conflict-free, safe, and optimal traversal of AVs within the framework of the intelligent transport system of a smart city. The model assumes that at each intersection there are objects of transport infrastructure responsible for building routes at the intersection. To assess the feasibility of the presented model, the authors developed a custom software simulator of a network of urban intersections and conducted experiments. Based on simulation experiments, the use of the developed model can significantly reduce the time spent by unmanned vehicles to overcome the intersection compared to traffic lights.

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15

Olaverri-Monreal, Cristina, Javier Errea-Moreno, Alberto Díaz-Álvarez, Carlos Biurrun-Quel, Luis Serrano-Arriezu, and Markus Kuba. "Connection of the SUMO Microscopic Traffic Simulator and the Unity 3D Game Engine to Evaluate V2X Communication-Based Systems." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 4399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124399.

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In-vehicle applications that are based on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies need to be evaluated under lab-controlled conditions before performing field tests. The need for a tailored platform to perform specific research on the cooperative Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS) to assess the effect on driver behavior and driving performance motivated the development of a driver-centric traffic simulator that is built over a 3D graphics engine. The engine creates a driving situation as it communicates with a traffic simulator as a means to simulate real-life traffic scenarios. The TraCI as a Service (TraaS) library was implemented to perform the interaction between the driver-controlled vehicle and the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO). An extension of a previous version, this work improves simulation performance and realism by reducing computational demand and integrating a tailored scenario with the ADAS to be tested. The usability of the implemented simulation platform was evaluated by means of an experiment related to the efficiency of a Traffic Light Assistant (TLA), showing the analysis of the answer that 80% of the participants were satisfied with the simulator and the TLA system implemented.

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FUJII, Hideki, Hideaki UCHIDA, and Shinobu YOSHIMURA. "Resilience Analysis of Urban Road Network Using Microscopic Traffic Simulator." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2016 (2016): J1220102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.j1220102.

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17

Mon, Ei Ei, Hideya Ochiai, Chaiyachet Saivichit, and Chaodit Aswakul. "Bottleneck Based Gridlock Prediction in an Urban Road Network Using Long Short-Term Memory." Electronics 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091412.

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The traffic bottlenecks in urban road networks are more challenging to investigate and discover than in freeways or simple arterial networks. A bottleneck indicates the congestion evolution and queue formation, which consequently disturb travel delay and degrade the urban traffic environment and safety. For urban road networks, sensors are needed to cover a wide range of areas, especially for bottleneck and gridlock analysis, requiring high installation and maintenance costs. The emerging widespread availability of GPS vehicles significantly helps to overcome the geographic coverage and spacing limitations of traditional fixed-location detector data. Therefore, this study investigated GPS vehicles that have passed through the links in the simulated gridlock-looped intersection area. The sample size estimation is fundamental to any traffic engineering analysis. Therefore, this study tried a different number of sample sizes to analyze the severe congestion state of gridlock. Traffic condition prediction is one of the primary components of intelligent transportation systems. In this study, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network was applied to predict gridlock based on bottleneck states of intersections in the simulated urban road network. This study chose to work on the Chula-Sathorn SUMO Simulator (Chula-SSS) dataset. It was calibrated with the past actual traffic data collection by using the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) software. The experiments show that LSTM provides satisfactory results for gridlock prediction with temporal dependencies. The reported prediction error is based on long-range time dependencies on the respective sample sizes using the calibrated Chula-SSS dataset. On the other hand, the low sampling rate of GPS trajectories gives high RMSE and MAE error, but with reduced computation time. Analyzing the percentage of simulated GPS data with different random seed numbers suggests the possibility of gridlock identification and reports satisfying prediction errors.

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18

Shi, Yanjun, Yuhan Qi, Lingling Lv, and Donglin Liang. "A Particle Swarm Optimisation with Linearly Decreasing Weight for Real-Time Traffic Signal Control." Machines 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9110280.

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Nowadays, traffic congestion has become a significant challenge in urban areas and densely populated cities. Real-time traffic signal control is an effective method to reduce traffic jams. This paper proposes a particle swarm optimisation with linearly decreasing weight (LDW-PSO) to tackle the signal intersection control problem, where a finite-interval model and an objective function are built to minimise spoilage time. The performance was evaluated in real-time simulation imitating a crowded intersection in Dalian city (in China) via the SUMO traffic simulator. The simulation results showed that the LDW-PSO outperformed the classical algorithms in this research, where queue length can be reduced by up to 20.4% and average waiting time can be reduced by up to 17.9%.

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19

Ordinez, Leo, Mauricio Savarro, Octavio Ascagorta, Rodrigo Cura, Carlos Buckle, Damián Barry , and Romina Stickar. "A Cyclist Traffic Simulation and Analysis Tool." Proceedings 2, no. 19 (November 2, 2018): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2191220.

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The movement in favor of the use of bicycles as an alternative to mobility has been booming in the last two decades. This has been inserted within the policy of revaluation of the urban environment and improvement of the quality of life in the city. In this work we expose: an analytical model of cyclist transit, the design of a cycling simulator and a path analysis and visualization tool. The objective of this simulator is to determine the appropriate streets to install bikeways in the city of Puerto Madryn. The results of this work can be extrapolated to other intermediate cities, which present low density and high population growth, with a size of less than 150,000 inhabitants.

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Tettamanti, Tamás, Alfréd Csikós, Krisztián Balázs Kis, Zsolt János Viharos, and István Varga. "PATTERN RECOGNITION BASED SPEED FORECASTING METHODOLOGY FOR URBAN TRAFFIC NETWORK." Transport 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 959–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2017.1352027.

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A full methodology of short-term traffic prediction is proposed for urban road traffic network via Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The goal of the forecasting is to provide speed estimation forward by 5, 15 and 30 min. Unlike similar research results in this field, the investigated method aims to predict traffic speed for signalized urban road links and not for highway or arterial roads. The methodology contains an efficient feature selection algorithm in order to determine the appropriate input parameters required for neural network training. As another contribution of the paper, a built-in incomplete data handling is provided as input data (originating from traffic sensors or Floating Car Data (FCD)) might be absent or biased in practice. Therefore, input data handling can assure a robust operation of speed forecasting also in case of missing data. The proposed algorithm is trained, tested and analysed in a test network built-up in a microscopic traffic simulator by using daily course of real-world traffic.

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21

Azevedo, Carlos Lima, Neeraj Milind Deshmukh, Balakumar Marimuthu, Simon Oh, Katarzyna Marczuk, Harold Soh, Kakali Basak, Tomer Toledo, Li-Shiuan Peh, and Moshe E. Ben-Akiva. "SimMobility Short-Term: An Integrated Microscopic Mobility Simulator." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2622, no. 1 (January 2017): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2622-02.

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This paper presents the development of an integrated microscopic mobility simulator, SimMobility Short-Term (ST). The simulator is integrated because its models, inputs and outputs, simulated components, and code base are integrated within a multiscale agent- and activity-based simulation platform capable of simulating different spatiotemporal resolutions and accounting for different levels of travelers’ decision making. The simulator is microscopic because both the demand (agents and its trips) and the supply (trip realization and movements on the network) are microscopic (i.e., modeled individually). Finally, the simulator has mobility because it copes with the multimodal nature of urban networks and the need for the flexible simulation of innovative transportation services, such as on-demand and smart mobility solutions. This paper follows previous publications that describe SimMobility’s overall framework and models. SimMobility is an open-source, multiscale platform that considers land use, transportation, and mobility-sensitive behavioral models. SimMobility ST aims at simulating the high-resolution movement of agents (traffic, transit, pedestrians, and goods) and the operation of different mobility services and control and information systems. This paper presents the SimMobility ST modeling framework and system architecture and reports on its successful calibration for Singapore and its use in several scenarios of innovative mobility applications. The paper also shows how detailed performance measures from SimMobility ST can be integrated with a daily activity and mobility patterns simulator. Such integration is crucial to model accurately the effect of different technologies and service operations at the urban level, as the identity and preferences of simulated agents are maintained across temporal decision scales, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of simulated accessibility and performance measures of each scenario.

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Rahimi, Amir Masoud, Maxim A. Dulebenets, and Arash Mazaheri. "Evaluation of Microsimulation Models for Roadway Segments with Different Functional Classifications in Northern Iran." Infrastructures 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6030046.

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Industrialization, urban development, and population growth in the last decades caused a significant increase in congestion of transportation networks across the world. Increasing congestion of transportation networks and limitations of the traditional methods in analyzing and evaluating the congestion mitigation strategies led many transportation professionals to the use of traffic simulation techniques. Nowadays, traffic simulation is heavily used in a variety of applications, including the design of transportation facilities, traffic flow management, and intelligent transportation systems. The literature review, conducted as a part of this study, shows that many different traffic simulation packages with various features have been developed to date. The present study specifically focuses on a comprehensive comparative analysis of the advanced interactive microscopic simulator for urban and non-urban networks (AIMSUN) and SimTraffic microsimulation models, which have been widely used in the literature and practice. The evaluation of microsimulation models is performed for the four roadway sections with different functional classifications, which are located in the northern part of Iran. The SimTraffic and AIMSUN microsimulation models are compared in terms of the major transportation network performance indicators. The results from the conducted analysis indicate that AIMSUN returned smaller errors for the vehicle flow, travel speed, and total travel distance. On the other hand, SimTraffic provided more accurate values of the travel time. Both microsimulation models were able to effectively identify traffic bottlenecks. Findings from this study will be useful for the researchers and practitioners, who heavily rely on microsimulation models in transportation planning.

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Galante, Francesco, Filomena Mauriello, Alfonso Montella, Mariano Pernetti, Massimo Aria, and Antonio D’Ambrosio. "Traffic calming along rural highways crossing small urban communities: Driving simulator experiment." Accident Analysis & Prevention 42, no. 6 (November 2010): 1585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.03.017.

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24

Gemou, Maria, and Evangelos Bekiaris. "Protocol for Transferability of Driver Simulator Results to Real Traffic Conditions." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2014010106.

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The current manuscript presents the research protocol that has been developed in order to enable the valid transferability of driver simulator results in real traffic conditions. It responds to the weaknesses that have been recognised in the driving simulator validity research field, with respect to the validity of the experimental process being followed as well as to the methodology applied for the comparative analysis of the collected measurements. A case study concerning a semi-dynamic driving simulator is presented. The research hypotheses, the experimental plan and the basic conditions of the analysis methodology that have supported it are described. Trials have been conducted in a semi-dynamic simulator and on-road with 36 drivers (12 trainees, 12 novice and 12 experienced), in “following vehicle” and “free driving” scenarios in highway, rural and urban roads in order to prove the established research hypotheses for a series of driving behaviour metrics.

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Kuthe, Annaji, Tejas Chaudhari, Shekhar Thakare, Praful Dohtare, and Divyadeep Waghmare. "Design and Implementation of VANET in Ad hoc Network using MATLAB." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 11, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2022.v11i03.007.

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Today wireless communications is becoming the most useful means of transferring data, and the most active research sector. In this I will demonstrate one of the most useful types of the Ad-Hoc networks; the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. VANET is the sort of technology of constructing an Ad-Hoc network with resilience between vehicles and each other, as well as, between mobile vehicles and with all roadside unit additionally. To facilitate the communication between automobiles, a special type of MANET known as VANET has been developed. Using realistic vehicle mobility models, we develop VANET simulators and models for representing vehicle communication and mobility. This test necessitates the use of both a traffic and network simulator. However, because it is simple, easy, and inexpensive, the MATLAB has been preferred to the traffic simulation. An urban scenario Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VAN) simulation is the goal of this paper, which can be used for testing. MAC protocols in VANETs can benefit from this type of environment.

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Khelafa, Ilyas, Abdelhakim Ballouk, and Abdenaceur Baghdad. "Control algorithm for the urban traffic using a realtime simulation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp3934-3942.

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Many types of research have been interesting by real-time control of urban networks. This paper, basing on a simplified urban traffic model, proposes a novel control approach based on model predictive control concept to reduce congestion and improve the safety of cars on the roads. The contributions of this paper are: First, we consider vehicle heterogeneity, represented by a mathematical model called “S Model” and integrate it with a realtime simulator to evaluate the performance of controllers on real traffic conditions. Second, in order to assess each controller's success under particular circumstances, the structured network-wide traffic controller based on model predictive control (MPC) theory is compared to a fixed time controller (FTC). Using two scenarios, different indicators are tested, i.e total time spent, vehicle number, queue length. The results show that the model predictive control quickly converges, with the different scenarios, and further improves social welfare.

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Corradini, Flavio, Francesco De Angelis, Andrea Polini, Carlo Castagnari, Jacopo de Berardinis, and Giorgio Forcina. "Tangramob: An Agent-Based Simulation Framework for Validating Urban Smart Mobility Solutions." Journal of Intelligent Systems 29, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 1188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0321.

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Abstract Estimating the effects of introducing a range of smart mobility solutions within an urban area is a crucial concern in urban planning. The lack of a simulator for the assessment of mobility initiatives forces local public authorities and mobility service providers to base their decisions on guidelines derived from common heuristics and best practices. These approaches can help planners in shaping mobility solutions; however, given the high number of variables to consider, the effects are not guaranteed. Therefore, a solution conceived respecting the available guidelines can result in a failure in a different context. In particular, difficult aspects to consider are the interactions between different mobility services available in a given urban area and the acceptance of a given mobility initiative by the inhabitants of the area. In order to fill this gap, we introduce Tangramob, an agent-based simulation framework capable of assessing the impacts of a smart mobility initiative within an urban area of interest. Tangramob simulates how urban traffic is expected to evolve as citizens start experiencing newly offered traveling solutions. This allows decision makers to evaluate the efficacy of their initiatives, taking into account the current urban system. In this paper, we provide an overview of the simulation framework along with its design. To show the potential of Tangramob, three mobility initiatives are simulated and compared in the same scenario. This demonstrates how it is possible to perform comparative experiments so as to align mobility initiatives to the user goals.

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Sangeetha, M., and P. Sankar. "An Experimental Study of the Noise Due to Traffic in a Congested Urban Area." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 15, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477516500103.

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Noise pollution in an urban environment is an issue of serious concern in the major cities of India. There are various factors that contribute to the increase of noise levels in urban areas. The intensity of traffic is one of the factors which contributes to a drastic increase in environmental noise. The management of noise pollution has to be considered in the decision making process. In this paper, an attempt is made to study the existing noise level due to the traffic in Velachery which is declared as a sensitive area by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). The noise level data is collected using the MS6710 digital sound meter. The Custic simulation software version 3.2 is used for finding the propagation of noise. The spatial patterns of measurement were also calculated, in the sub-urban area of Velachery, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. A means of transmitting this data to vehicles moving in the area, through a wireless medium is simulated using NCTUns 6.0 (network simulator), to enable drivers to understand the environmental conditions. A hardware was also designed which can be used to transmit and receive the noise data using the Zigbee module. A noise transmitting station is placed at a junction, so that it can transmit this noise data to the receivers which are fitted inside the vehicles.

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YOSHIKAWA, Yasuo, Ikuhiro MORITA, Shinichi KATSUKI, Eiji HATO, and Yasuhisa KISHI. "Development of a Micro-Traffic Simulator for Urban Area Traffic. Study on Applicability of TRAF-NETSIM on Domestic Urban Traffic and Development of Parked-Vehicles Influence Model." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 63, no. 610 (1997): 2252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.63.2252.

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30

Keler, Andreas, Georgios Grigoropoulos, Heather Kaths, Klaus Krämer, Jakob Kaths, Matthias Spangler, and Fritz Busch. "Designing maps with fictional and real road intersections for the evaluation of countdown timer displays for bicyclists." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-60-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban environments are more or less characterized by active travel modes, including the bicycle usage. Present transport infrastructure for bicyclists can often not serve the high traffic volumes, especially in rush hours. Therefore, introducing novel and specific traffic control strategies for bicyclists might serve as supportive element for improving bicycle traffic efficiency and safety. We evaluate a traffic control strategy implying countdown timer displays for bicyclists with one device being permanently installed in Munich (Germany) by (1) extracting cyclist trajectories from video observations before and after the installations, and, (2) introducing a bicycle simulator scenario via a map design approach. The latter includes a sequence of fictional and real road intersections and goes beyond evaluating the present countdown timers in VR, since different other countdown timer display designs are being tested. The whole bicycle simulator study consists of test rides and subsequent questionnaires with test subjects. We explain the design of the first simulator study and show selected results, which imply significant new insights resulting from the first 30 test rides and questionnaires.</p>

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31

Ikidid, Abdelouafi, Abdelaziz El Fazziki, and Mohammed Sadgal. "A Fuzzy Logic Supported Multi-Agent System For Urban Traffic And Priority Link Control." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 27, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): 1026–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jucs.69750.

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Artificial technologies are rapidly becoming one of the most powerful and popular technologies for solving complicated problems involving distributed systems. Nevertheless, their potential for application to advanced artificial transportation systems has not been sufficiently explored. This paper presents a traffic optimization system based on agent technology and fuzzy logic that aims to manage road traffic, prioritize emergency vehicles, and promote collective modes of transport in smart cities. This approach aims to optimize traffic light control at a signalized intersection by acting on the length and order of traffic light phases in order to favor priority flows and fluidize traffic at an isolated intersection and for the whole multi-intersection network, through both inter- and intra-intersection collaboration and coordination. Regulation and prioritization decisions are made on real-time monitoring through cooperation, communication, and coordination between decentralized agents. The performance of the proposed system is investigated by implementing it in the AnyLogic simulator, using a section of the road network that contains priority links. The results indicate that our system can significantly increase the efficiency of the traffic regulation system.

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32

Feierle, Alexander, Michael Rettenmaier, Florian Zeitlmeir, and Klaus Bengler. "Multi-Vehicle Simulation in Urban Automated Driving: Technical Implementation and Added Benefit." Information 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11050272.

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This article investigates the simultaneous interaction between an automated vehicle (AV) and its passenger, and between the same AV and a human driver of another vehicle. For this purpose, we have implemented a multi-vehicle simulation consisting of two driving simulators, one for the AV and one for the manual vehicle. The considered scenario is a road bottleneck with a double-parked vehicle either on one side of the road or on both sides of the road where an AV and a simultaneously oncoming human driver negotiate the right of way. The AV communicates to its passenger via the internal automation human–machine interface (HMI) and it concurrently displays the right of way to the human driver via an external HMI. In addition to the regular encounters, this paper analyzes the effect of an automation failure, where the AV first communicates to yield the right of way and then changes its strategy and passes through the bottleneck first despite oncoming traffic. The research questions the study aims to answer are what methods should be used for the implementation of multi-vehicle simulations with one AV, and if there is an added benefit of this multi-vehicle simulation compared to single-driver simulator studies. The results show an acceptable synchronicity for using traffic lights as basic synchronization and a distance control as the detail synchronization method. The participants had similar passing times in the multi-vehicle simulation compared to a previously conducted single-driver simulation. Moreover, there was a lower crash rate in the multi-vehicle simulation during the automation failure. Concluding the results, the proposed method seems to be an appropriate solution to implement multi-vehicle simulation with one AV. Additionally, multi-vehicle simulation offers a benefit if more than one human affects the interaction within a scenario.

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33

Punia, Divya, and Rajender Kumar. "Experimental Characterization of Routing Protocols in Urban Vehicular Communication." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 20, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2019-0019.

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Abstract Vehicular communication is a cynosure in automotive industry these days. V2V communication is one of the types of vehicular communication which render lane change warning, emergency vehicle alert, intersection alert, congestion alert, payment at tolls etc. A simulation research on the utilization of vehicle to vehicle connectivity via different routing protocols in VANET, contemplating the instance of a city situation has been introduced in our paper in order to resolve the issue of traffic routing. A routing algorithm is proposed which firstly selects optimal path via carry and forward approach and then transmits information on that path and the proposed algorithm is then compared with contemporary routing protocols based on different QoS parameters like throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay which are measured using NETSIM simulator to evaluate the behaviour of dissimilar routing protocols. The proposed algorithm outperforms most of the simulation cases.

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34

Mecheva, Teodora, Radoslav Furnadzhiev, and Nikolay Kakanakov. "Modeling Driver Behavior in Road Traffic Simulation." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 9801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249801.

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Driver behavior models are an important part of road traffic simulation modeling. They encompass characteristics such as mood, fatigue, and response to distracting conditions. The relationships between external factors and the way drivers perform tasks can also be represented in models. This article proposes a methodology for establishing parameters of driver behavior models. The methodology is based on road traffic data and determines the car-following model and routing algorithm and their parameters that best describe driving habits. Sequential and parallel implementation of the methodology through the urban mobility simulator SUMO and Python are proposed. Four car-following models and three routing algorithms and their parameters are investigated. The results of the performed simulations prove the applicability of the methodology. Based on more than 7000 simulations performed, it is concluded that in future experiments of the traffic in Plovdiv it is appropriate to use a Contraction Hierarchies routing algorithm with the default routing step and the Krauss car-following model with the default configuration parameters.

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Chen, Yanzi, Lei Ma, Xinjian Ou, and Jingjing Liao. "Vehicular Channel Characterization in Urban Environment at 30 GHz considering Overtaking and Traffic Flow." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (December 13, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2566153.

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To realize reliable and stable millimeter-wave (mmWave) vehicular wireless communication, the research of vehicular channel characteristics in the dense urban environment is becoming increasingly important. A comprehensive research on the channel characteristics for 30 GHz vehicular communication in the Beijing Central Business District (CBD) scenario is conducted in this paper. The self-developed high-performance ray-tracing (RT) simulator is employed to support intensive simulations. Based on simulation results, the effects of multiantenna and beam switching on the key channel parameters are analyzed, as well as the impact of different traffic flows. The results can provide theoretical and data support for the evaluation of vehicular channel characteristics and will help for the design of the vehicular communication system enabling future intelligent transportation.

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36

Lin, Ciyun, Yongli Yu, Dayong Wu, and Bowen Gong. "Traffic Flow Catastrophe Border Identification for Urban High-Density Area Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory: A Case Study under Sudden Fire Disaster." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093197.

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For traffic management under sudden disasters in high-density areas, the first and foremost step is to prevent traffic congestion in the disaster-affected area by traffic flow management and control, so as to provide enough and flexible traffic capacity for emergency evacuation and emergency rescue. Catastrophe border identification is the foundation and the key to traffic congestion prediction under sudden disaster. This paper uses a mathematical model to study the regional traffic flow in the high-density area under sudden fire disaster based on the Cusp Catastrophe Theory (CCT). The catastrophe border is identified by fitting the CCT-based regional traffic flow model to explore the stable traffic flow changing to the instable state, as to provide a theoretical basis for traffic flow management and control in disaster-affected areas, and to prevent the traffic flow being caught into disorder and congestion. Based on VISSIM simulator data by building simulation scenarios with and without sudden fire disaster in a Sudoku traffic network, the catastrophe border is identified as 439 pcu/lane/h, 529 pcu/lane/h, 377 pcu/lane/h at 5 s, 10 s, 15 s data collection interval in a Sudoku traffic network respectively. The corresponding relative precision, which compares to the method of Capacity Assessment Approach (CAA), is 89.1%, 92.7% and 76.5% respectively. It means that 10 s data collection interval would be the suitable data collection interval in catastrophe border identification and regional traffic flow control in high-density area under sudden fire disaster.

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37

Gregurić, Martin, Edouard Ivanjko, and Sadko Mandžuka. "The Use of Cooperative Approach in Ramp Metering." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 28, no. 1 (February 23, 2016): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v28i1.1889.

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To ensure higher Level of Service (LoS) at urban motorways,new traffic control concepts are being applied since in most cases there is no available space for infrastructural build-up. For urban motorways, the mostly used control methods are ramp metering combined with additional control methods like variable speed limit control (VSLC). This paper gives a review of the current ramp metering approaches with special emphasis on cooperative control concepts between ramp metering, VSLC, prohibiting lane changes system and the vehicle itself. Additionally, a learning framework for ramp metering proposed by the authors is described. The CTMSIM Matlab based macroscopic motorway simulator with ramp metering control support is used for the simulation of selected ramp metering approaches. The simulatoris also augmented to enable the development and implementation of cooperative ramp metering approaches. TheZagreb bypass is used as test case for evaluation of severaldifferent ramp metering algorithms.

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38

Jobaer, Sayed, Yihong Zhang, Muhammad Ather Iqbal Hussain, and Foysal Ahmed. "UAV-Assisted Hybrid Scheme for Urban Road Safety Based on VANETs." Electronics 9, no. 9 (September 12, 2020): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091499.

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Traffic congestion control is becoming a popular field of research due to the rapid development of the automotive market. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become the core research technology for numerous application possibilities related to road safety. Road congestions have been a serious issue of all time since the nodes have high mobility and transmission range is limited, resulting in an interruption of communication. One of the significant technical challenges faced in implementing VANET is the design of the routing protocol, providing adequate information and a reliable source for the destination. We proposed a novel mechanism unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol (UAVa) for current-time traffic information accumulation and sharing to the entire traffic network and to control congestions before it happens. The UAV-assisted (UAVa) protocol is dedicated to urban environments, and its primary goal is to enhance the performance of routing protocols based on intersections. We compared the overall performance of existing routing protocols, namely ad hoc on-demand distance vector. The simulations were done by using OpenStreetMap (OSM), Network Simulator (NS-2.35), Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), and VanetMobiSim. Furthermore, we compared the simulation results with AODV, and it shows that UAV-assisted (UAVa) AODV has significantly enhanced the packet delivery ratio, reduced the end-to-end delay, improved the average and instant throughput, and saved more energy. The results show that the UAVa is more robust and effective and we can conclude that UAVa is more suitable for VANETs.

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39

Wang, Xing Bin. "The Simulator Research of the Traffic Network Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Wireless Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2638.

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To solve the problem of optimizing node deployment of wireless sensor network for urban traffic informat ion acquisit ion, a constraint optimization model for wireless sensor network node deployment was proposed. Both the comprehensive evaluation function for connectivity and coverage and the restriction on the practical demands of connectivity and coverage are used. The constraint optimization model is converted to unconstraint one using penalty function. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem. The dynamically changing weight method is used as an improved algorithm to avert the premature convergence. Sensors inside the Second Ring Road in Beijing are taken as examples in simulation experiments. Experiment results indicate that compared with initial manual deployment the evaluation function value has been increased by 1.71% and 3.18%, respectively after using particle swarm optimization and its improved a lgorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithms have the ability to improve the node deployment of wireless sensor network in urban traffic information acquisition.

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40

Zontone, Pamela, Antonio Affanni, Alessandro Piras, and Roberto Rinaldo. "Skin potential response for stress recognition in simulated urban driving." ACTA IMEKO 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i4.1138.

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In this paper, we address the problem of possible stress conditions arising in car drivers, thus affecting their driving performance. We apply various Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to analyse the stress of subjects while driving in an urban area in two different situations: one with cars, pedestrians and traffic along the course, and the other characterized by the complete absence of any of these possible stress-inducing factors. To evaluate the presence of a stress condition we use two Skin Potential Response (SPR) signals, recorded from each hand of the test subjects, and process them through a Motion Artifact (MA) removal algorithm which reduces the artifacts that might be introduced by the hand movements. We then compute some statistical features starting from the cleaned SPR signal. A binary classification ML algorithm is then fed with these features, giving as an output a label that indicates if a time interval belongs to a stress condition or not. Tests are carried out in a laboratory at the University of Udine, where a car driving simulator with a motorized motion platform has been prearranged. We show that the use of one single SPR signal, along with the application of ML algorithms, enables the detection of possible stress conditions while the subjects are driving, in the traffic and no traffic situations. As expected, we observe that the test individuals are less stressed in the situation without traffic, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed slightly invasive system for detection of stress in drivers.

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41

Wahbeh, W., M. Ammann, S. Nebiker, M. van Eggermond, and A. Erath. "IMAGE-BASED REALITY-CAPTURING AND 3D MODELLING FOR THE CREATION OF VR CYCLING SIMULATIONS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-4-2021 (June 17, 2021): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2021-225-2021.

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Abstract. With this paper, we present a novel approach for efficiently creating reality-based, high-fidelity urban 3D models for interactive VR cycling simulations. The foundation of these 3D models is accurately georeferenced street-level imagery, which can be captured using vehicle-based or portable mapping platforms. Depending on the desired type of urban model, the street-level imagery is either used for semi-automatically texturing an existing city model or for automatically creating textured 3D meshes from multi-view reconstructions using commercial off-the-shelf software. The resulting textured urban 3D model is then integrated with a real-time traffic simulation solution to create a VR framework based on the Unity game engine. Subsequently, the resulting urban scenes and different planning scenarios can be explored on a physical cycling simulator using a VR helmet or viewed as a 360-degree or conventional video. In addition, the VR environment can be used for augmented reality applications, e.g., mobile augmented reality maps. We apply this framework to a case study in the city of Berne to illustrate design variants of new cycling infrastructure at a major traffic junction to collect feedback from practitioners about the potential for practical applications in planning processes.

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42

Ivanjko, Edouard, Daniela Koltovska Nečoska, Martin Gregurić, Miroslav Vujić, Goran Jurković, and Sadko Mandžuka. "Ramp Metering Control Based on the Q-Learning Algorithm." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 15, no. 5 (April 1, 2015): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2015-0019.

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Abstract Modern urban highways are under the influence of increased traffic demand and cannot fulfill the desired level of service anymore. In most of the cases there is no space available for any infrastructure building. Solutions from the domain of intelligent transport systems are used, such as ramp metering. To cope with the significant daily changes of the traffic demand, various approaches with autonomic properties like self-learning are applied for ramp metering. One of these approaches is reinforced learning. In this paper the Q-Learning algorithm is applied to learn the local ramp metering control law in a simulation environment, implemented in a VISSIM microscopic simulator. The approach proposed is tested in simulations with emphasis on the mainstream speed and travel time, using a typical on-ramp configuration.

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43

Gu, Jaun, Minhyuck Lee, Chulmin Jun, Yohee Han, Youngchan Kim, and Junwon Kim. "Traffic Signal Optimization for Multiple Intersections Based on Reinforcement Learning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 10688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210688.

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In order to deal with dynamic traffic flow, adaptive traffic signal controls using reinforcement learning are being studied. However, most of the related studies are difficult to apply to the real field considering only mathematical optimization. In this study, we propose a reinforcement learning-based signal optimization model with constraints. The proposed model maintains the sequence of typical signal phases and considers the minimum green time. The model was trained using Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO), a microscopic traffic simulator. The model was evaluated in the virtual environment similar to a real road with multiple intersections connected. The performance of the proposed model was analyzed by comparing the delay and number of stops with a reinforcement learning model that did not consider constraints and a fixed-time model. In a peak hour, the proposed model reduced the delay from 3 min 15 s to 2 min 15 s and the number of stops from 11 to 4.7 compared to the fixed-time model.

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Costa, Breno C., Samara S. Leal, Paulo EM Almeida, and Eduardo G. Carrano. "Fixed-time traffic signal optimization using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and microsimulation of urban networks." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 4 (November 13, 2016): 1092–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216675026.

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Large cities have been facing serious problems in the management of traffic, owing to the increasing number of vehicles and pedestrians. Traffic engineering is essential in managing traffic and improving urban mobility. This paper deals with the problem of fixed-time signal programming on traffic networks. A new bi-objective optimization model is proposed to maximize the average and minimize the variance of the vehicle speeds in the network. Although the first function is commonly discussed in the literature, the second one is novel, and its aim is to provide flow balance along the network. This combination of functions is optimized by the Memory-Based Variable-Length Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2 (MBVL-NSGA2), which avoids the revaluation of candidate solutions. This approach was validated through experiments using the microscopic simulator GISSIM, in a multi-intersection real network, using measured data from Belo Horizonte traffic engineering company (BHTRANS). The practical results of MBVL-NSGA2 were compared with four approaches: (1) current BHTRANS solutions; (2) a genetic algorithm optimizing the first function; (3) a genetic algorithm optimizing the second function, and; (4) the traditional NSGA2. Analysis showed that this proposal is able to generate better traffic signal plans, at the same time that it generates a diversified set of efficient candidate solutions.

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45

Malik, Sumbal, Manzoor Ahmed Khan, Aadam, Hesham El-Sayed, Farkhund Iqbal, Jalal Khan, and Obaid Ullah. "CARLA+: An Evolution of the CARLA Simulator for Complex Environment Using a Probabilistic Graphical Model." Drones 7, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7020111.

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In an urban and uncontrolled environment, the presence of mixed traffic of autonomous vehicles, classical vehicles, vulnerable road users, e.g., pedestrians, and unprecedented dynamic events makes it challenging for the classical autonomous vehicle to navigate the traffic safely. Therefore, the realization of collaborative autonomous driving has the potential to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. However, an obvious challenge in this regard is how to define, model, and simulate the environment that captures the dynamics of a complex and urban environment. Therefore, in this research, we first define the dynamics of the envisioned environment, where we capture the dynamics relevant to the complex urban environment, specifically, highlighting the challenges that are unaddressed and are within the scope of collaborative autonomous driving. To this end, we model the dynamic urban environment leveraging a probabilistic graphical model (PGM). To develop the proposed solution, a realistic simulation environment is required. There are a number of simulators—CARLA (Car Learning to Act), one of the prominent ones, provides rich features and environment; however, it still fails on a few fronts, for example, it cannot fully capture the complexity of an urban environment. Moreover, the classical CARLA mainly relies on manual code and multiple conditional statements, and it provides no pre-defined way to do things automatically based on the dynamic simulation environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to extend the off-the-shelf CARLA with more sophisticated settings that can model the required dynamics. In this regard, we comprehensively design, develop, and implement an extension of a classical CARLA referred to as CARLA+ for the complex environment by integrating the PGM framework. It provides a unified framework to automate the behavior of different actors leveraging PGMs. Instead of manually catering to each condition, CARLA+ enables the user to automate the modeling of different dynamics of the environment. Therefore, to validate the proposed CARLA+, experiments with different settings are designed and conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that CARLA+ is flexible enough to allow users to model various scenarios, ranging from simple controlled models to complex models learned directly from real-world data. In the future, we plan to extend CARLA+ by allowing for more configurable parameters and more flexibility on the type of probabilistic networks and models one can choose. The open-source code of CARLA+ is made publicly available for researchers.

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Abenza, Pedro, Manuel Malumbres, Pablo Piñol, and Otoniel López-Granado. "Source Coding Options to Improve HEVC Video Streaming in Vehicular Networks." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 3107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093107.

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Video delivery in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks has a great number of applications. However, multimedia streaming over this kind of networks is a very challenging issue because (a) it is one of the most resource-demanding applications; (b) it requires high bandwidth communication channels; (c) it shows moderate to high node mobility patterns and (d) it is common to find high communication interference levels that derive in moderate to high loss rates. In this work, we present a simulation framework based on OMNeT++ network simulator, Veins framework, and the SUMO mobility traffic simulator that aims to study, evaluate, and also design new techniques to improve video delivery over Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks. Using the proposed simulation framework we will study different coding options, available at the HEVC video encoder, that will help to improve the perceived video quality in this kind of networks. The experimental results show that packet losses significantly reduce video quality when low interference levels are found in an urban scenario. By using different INTRA refresh options combined with appropriate tile coding, we will improve the resilience of HEVC video delivery services in VANET urban scenarios.

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47

Tapani, Andreas. "Versatile Model for Simulation of Rural Road Traffic." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1934, no. 1 (January 2005): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193400118.

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In many countries the road mileage is dominated by rural highways. For that reason it is important to have access to efficient tools for evaluation of the performance of such roads. For other road types, e.g., freeways and urban street networks, a wealth of microsimulation models is available. However, only a few models dedicated to rural roads have been developed. None of these models handles traffic flows interrupted by intersections or roundabouts, nor are the models capable of describing the traffic flow on rural roads with a cable barrier between oncoming lanes. These are major drawbacks when Swedish roads, on which cable barriers and roundabouts are becoming increasingly important, are modeled. Moreover, as new areas of application for rural road simulation arise, a flexible and detailed model is needed. Such applications include, among other things, simulation of driver assistance systems and estimation of pollutant emissions. This paper introduces a versatile traffic microsimulation model for the rural roads of today and of the future. The model system presented, the Rural Traffic Simulator (RuTSim), is capable of handling all common types of rural roads, including the effects of roundabouts and intersections on the traffic on the main road. The purpose of the paper is to describe the simulation approach and the traffic modeling used in RuTSim. A verification of the RuTSim model is also included. RuTSim is found to produce outputs representative of all common types of rural roads in Sweden.

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48

Rai, Ibrahim Abdo, Riaz Ahmed Shaikh, and Syed Raheel Hassan. "A hybrid dual-mode trust management scheme for vehicular networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 7 (July 2020): 155014772093937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720939372.

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Vehicular ad-hoc networks allow vehicles to exchange messages pertaining to safety and road efficiency. Building trust between nodes can, therefore, protect vehicular ad-hoc networks from malicious nodes and eliminate fake messages. Although there are several trust models already exist, many schemes suffer from varied limitations. For example, many schemes rely on information provided by other peers or central authorities, for example, roadside units and reputation management centers to ensure message reliability and build nodes’ reputation. Also, none of the proposed schemes operate in different environments, for example, urban and rural. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel trust management scheme for self-organized vehicular ad-hoc networks. The scheme is based on a crediting technique and does not rely on other peers or central authorities which distinguishes it as an economical solution. Moreover, it is hybrid, in the sense it is data-based and entity-based which makes it capable of revoking malicious nodes and discarding fake messages. Furthermore, it operates in a dual-mode (urban and rural). The simulation has been performed utilizing Veins, an open-source framework along with OMNeT++, a network simulator, and SUMO, a traffic simulator. The scheme has been tested with two trust models (urban and rural). The simulation results prove the performance and security efficacy of the proposed scheme.

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Vatchova, Boriana, and Yordanka Boneva. "Design of Fuzzy and Conventional Controllers for Modeling and Simulation of Urban Traffic Light System with Feedback Control." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020373.

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Анотація:

Traffic patterns in urban areas present a complex and dynamic system that is characterized by inherent uncertainties. The presented study is a traffic light control system with feedback. The controller of the system is designed in a fuzzy and conventional way and is applied to a network of two junctions. The verification is performed using the MATLAB fuzzy toolbox platform (for designing the fuzzy controller) and Aimsun platform for microsimulation of the two junctions using the two types of controllers. To accomplish the control of the system a fuzzy controller on heuristic rules proposed to allow adaptive traffic control on signalized junctions in urban environments. The Fuzzy Toolbox in MATLAB is used to simulate the fuzzy controller. The Aimsun traffic simulator is used to model and simulate a traffic network of two intersections. The green light duration in the Aimsun model is based on the results for the two controllers from two separated experiments. Simulations of Aimsun models with the two types of controllers, the fuzzy and the conventional one, are compared. The experiment is performed under the premise that the traffic flow is oversaturated. Findings show that in a network of two junctions both controllers perform in a similar manner for the first junction. However, for the second junction, the fuzzy controller tends to have some advantages over the conventional controller with regard to higher traffic flow. In conclusion, the overall performance of the fuzzy controller is better than the one of the conventional controller, but further research is needed for more complex traffic networks.

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Hirai, Shoichi, Jian Xing, Ryota Horiguchi, Tomoyoshi Shiraishi, and Masato Kobayashi. "Development of a Network Traffic Simulator for the Entire Inter-urban Expressway Network in Japan." Transportation Research Procedia 6 (2015): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2015.03.022.

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