Дисертації з теми "Urban policy “politique de la Ville”"
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Benchakroun, Mohamed. "Marrakech, une ville à la recherche d'une politique de gestion." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040289.
Повний текст джерелаRefusing the image most oftenly negative of certain parts of urban agglemerations, we are convinced to have found viable solutions for the new town of Tamansourte. This research shows that it is possible to do town planing in a whole new way, by proposing new reforms.Based on references such as feedback and narratives from the actors of the urban layout, this research proposes directions for reflection concerning the construction of a new social transformation project for a new town planning policy. The solution for a city like Marrakesh most certainly resides in a compromise between several urban forms, taking into account historical, morphological and cultural specificites and serving eventually as a basis for city policies. As far the new town of Tamansourte is concerned, the balance sheet is in the negative, easily understandable by a simple visit of the premises where several obvious factors demonstrate the scarcity of the population toghether with a feeble commercial activity. An « urban re-qualification » study is to be done urgently for this new town to be commercially, economically dynamised and permitting fruitful exchanges between all the actors of the township-thus founding a new era of vitality for this new town
Jamar, David. "Les rugosités de Bruxelles : ethnographie politique d'un milieu culturel d'intervention urbaine : entre ville des possibles et ville par projet." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209723.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse propose une description de l’émergence, de la constitution, des modes de stabilisation, de rigidification, de fermeture et de solidification de ce milieu à partir des situations hétérocilites qui le font autant diverger que tenir. Ces situations sont autant des actions culturelles, des actions de dénonciation, des plate-formes émergentes visant à peser sur le développement urbain, que des projets urbanistiques et architecturaux. Elle décrit les capacités dont se dotent des collectifs – parfois qualifiés d'alternatifs – à mettre la ville en problèmes ainsi que les effets de la capture de ces expériences sur la production de nouveaux dispositifs publics d'action urbaine.
C’est alors qu’est interrogée la constitution, à partir de nouvelles zones d’interventions publiques à Bruxelles, d’un nouveau pli institutionnel au sein de couches préexistantes héritières des premières luttes urbaines. Ce pli s’appuie sur une requalification des rapports entre créativité, attractivité urbaine, participation et action politique. Architectes et urbanistes jouent alors un rôle central dans la constitution d’un urbanisme par projet qui suppose à la fois une planification plus procédurale sensible à la spécificité des nouveaux pôles de développement et une nouvelle échelle de référence visant à situer Bruxelles comme métropole internationale.
Le milieu décrit oscille – et parfois se fragmente – entre des expérimentations de villes des possibles et constitution d’une ville par projet. Entre les deux, ce sont les effets de ce milieu qui font enjeu. Les frictions urbaines, les formes de créativité, les usagers, les interstices que ces deux acceptions partagent peuvent constituer de nouveaux mots d’ordre, des présupposés destinés à être digérés dans de nouvelles généralisations utopiques – une ville créative à appliquer sur des espaces pour des publics cibles à éduquer – ou alors devenir l’occasion de cultures interstitielles favorisant des reprises usagères de co-constructions de localités. L’engagement propositionnel de cette thèse consiste, à partir des réussites et des échecs partiels du terrain, à rechercher certaines des conditions de possibilité de cette dernière acception.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Zebiri, Imad. "La politique des transports en Algérie : l'impact du tramway sur l'aménagement urbain de la ville de Constantine." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI136.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to experts from the World Bank, our time is one in which the world is changing at the fastest pace because of the increase in the world's population. This phenomenon increases the demand for transport. Thus, existing infrastructures and previous public policies show their limits both in terms of the demand for mobility and transport infrastructure. The private car, often accused of causing both congestion and greenhouse gas emissions, is designated as responsible. Our study area, the city of Constantine in Algeria, is experiencing daily traffic jams, due to the massive presence of private cars and its morphology. In the same way the strong growth of the population and the urban sprawl of the city contribute to exacerbate the phenomenon in Constantine. In 2010, the Algerian government, aware of the congestion of large cities, decided to schedule the realization of a tram line in each major city. The arrival of the tramway in Constantine is part of this logic and has a twofold objective: to respond in an efficient and comfortable way to an ever-increasing demand for mobility and to develop and requalify the urban space. Our aim is therefore to understand the impact of the implementation of this tram line on the public spaces it crosses, on the one hand, and on the other hand, on the supply and quality of transport services made available to the population. Based on questionnaire surveys and direct observations, our research shows that the choice of the tramway has been accompanied by real transformations. Indeed, the arrival of the tramway in the city of Constantine has unquestionably led to a restructuring of urban space all along its corridor. Besides, the vast majority of tram users think that the latter responds quite well to their expectations in terms of urban mobility, under satisfactory conditions (comfort, length of journey, waiting time ...)
Shu, Yang. "Wuhan : aux interfaces ville / eau, les formes urbaines en mutation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1161.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis takes an urbanistic and morphological vision on the relation city/environment. It focuses on the problem of urban form at a particular space: interface city/water. It studies the case of Wuhan – a Chinese fluvial metropolis where the waters have determined the special urban forms. The analysis focus at first on the current state of the interfaces city/water: their dynamic deployment, their spatial characters and the different logics of the urban fabric. And then the analysis concern in the evolution of these interfaces on reviewing the urban projects and spatial models applied at waterfront in four successive periods with four distinct policies: military, commercial, industrial and environmental. In the end, the thesis proposes to resume the dialogue between the city and its waters. It confirms that when the waters are consciously taken into account, they may be revealed as a stimulant element for the urban development in all scales
Kazemian, A. Reza. "Urban renewal planning versus local values : a study of modern policy and renewal processes and of their impact on a local community /." Göteborg : Chalmers university of technology school of architecture, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36151510b.
Повний текст джерелаBaglin, Géraldine. "Le dispositif des secteurs sauvegardés : entre valorisation et modernisation du patrimoine urbain : étude du cœur historique de la ville de Vitré." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20017.
Повний текст джерелаThe safeguarded sectors plan, created by the "Malraux Law" in 1962, aimed not only to ensure historical architecture sets preservation but also to give them back an active place within the contem-porary city. Considered for a long time as monuments in their own right, the safeguarded sectors have been tending over the past ten years to become innovation places in terms of architectural rehabilitation. These old districts which are today representing only a tiny portion of the french urbanized areas are distinguishable by the durability of their buildings and the cleverness of their morphology. The historic core of Vitré, whose the transformations are regulated by a safeguarded sector since 1976, testify the economic, political, and social richness of the city history from the 13th century. Spared from the brutal city planning which has spread in the first half of the 20th century thanks to the will of the Historic Monuments Department, it has been subject of numerous restoration and rehabilitation since the creation of the safeguarded sector. From the study of the Vitré city, this research looks at the housing heritage before the creation of the safeguarded sector, what has been achieved with it and what it tends to become. The study is composed of five volumes: the text (Volume I), the maps, plans, tables and iconographic documents (Volume II) and the inventory studies catalogue (Volume III to V)
Lobry, Sylvaine. "Les politiques urbaines de l'industrie : interroger la consistance des politiques publiques au prisme des politiques urbaines de l'industrie : l'exemple de Lyon et Munich." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2115.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at questioning the consistency of urban policies through an analysis of the policies in favour of industry in Lyon and Munich. Three fundamental issues are addressed. Do urban policies of the industry exist? Have these policies consistency as urban policies and what are the factors, particularly institutional factors, contributing to this consistency? Does the analysis of urban industry policies validate the thesis of the "return of cities"? By characterizing and contextualizing stakeholder systems in different national and local contexts, we focus on the production processes of policies in favour of industry and we investigate their policy frameworks. We propose a definition of the consistency of urban policies resulting from an analysis of the role of distinct levels of government in the production of policies in favour of the industry, the distribution of power, mobilized or created public policy instruments. The institutional approach reveals the influence of social, political and institutional factors that explain the distinguished empowerment of urban governments and their ability to produce consistent urban policies. Our definition of the consistency of urban policy gives significant importance to the capacity of a city to become autonomous and to constitute itself as a collective actor. In view of the differentiated affirmation of the Munich and Lyon’s urban powers, we propose to speak of an "unequal return", to point out the conditions favouring or not the return of cities
Béal, Vincent. "Les politiques du développement durable. : Gouverner l'environnement dans les villes françaises et britanniques (1970-2010)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STETT093.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation provides an analysis of the influence of environ mental issues on the transformation of urbanpolicy-making. Based on four case studies (Nantes and Saint-Etienne in France, Leicester and Manchesterin the United Kingdom), it examines the rise of environ mental issues on urban agendas and its influence inthe transformation of urban policies and urban governance. Built around three main theoretical perspectives- public policy analysis, urban political science and urban political economy -, this work shows that urbanenviron mental management has been shaped by three different emblems : the emblem of« urban ecology »with its grass roots frame in the 1970s and 1980s, the emblem of « sustainable development » with itsentrepreneurial frame in the 1990s and 2000s, and, finally, the emblem of « climate change » with its newmanagerial and control frame since 2005. This periodisation of urban environmental management stressesthe rise of cities as prominent scales of environ mental regulation and construction. However, this rise has notbeen synonymous of a strengthening of local public spaces around environ mental issues. It is argued thatthe reshaping of state/society relationships has led ta a gap between urban political elites and urbansocieties. By helping ta reshape political elites' activities towards the production of urban policies and tamarginalise actors who are not considered as «responsible», urban environmental policies have supportedthe roll out of oligarchie and post-democratie patterns of urban governance
Demongeot, Benoît. "Discuter, politiser, imposer une solution d'action publique : l'exemple du tramway." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENH004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the success of light rail schemes in French and European cities. It considers successively light rail as a generic policy solution, a spatialised project and a policy output. In such way it questions the "reinvention" of the solution in 1970s France. Then the analysis dwells on three cities : Marseille, Dublin and Grenoble. It focuses on arguments that are exchanged within the corresponding systems of actors. It appears that during a first period, light rail is essentially promoted as a transport solution, framed as rationale and comparable to other public transport modes. However, from the 1990's, supporting discourses evolve dramatically in Grenoble and Marseille. The solution happens to agregate a wider range of « virtues », that is to say admitted qualities concerning new fields of interest : urbanism, the distribution of public realm, socio-spatial polarizations or local elections results. Such an evolution can be interpreted as a form of politicisation. It seems to foster the emergence of new projects in France. On the contrary, the case of Dublin helps to understand the difficulties that are faced by a light rail that remains justified mainly by its "transport" dimension, and how these difficulties are more or less overcome
Kaddour, Rachid. "Quand le grand ensemble devient patrimoine : Réflexions sur le devenir d'un héritage du logement social et la fabrication du patrimoine à partir de cas exemplaires en région stéphanoise." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967382.
Повний текст джерелаKabouche, Manel. "Le centre colonial de la métropole antique de Constantine : évolution des politiques et des pratiques urbaines depuis l'ère coloniale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH013.
Повний текст джерелаThe urbanization of Algerian cities is related to the classic trilogy follows: rapid population growth, a spatial extension disproportionate and inconsistent functional dynamics. This results in dynamic urban spatial irregularities. Different planning instruments and urban management remain outdated because of gaps between urban policies adopted and spatial practices. The urban structure of the city of Constantine raises the following reflections. Since the colonial period, the city has inherited a multifunctional urban grafted to the Arab-Muslim city, the medina. The colonial center assets has been in recent decades profound changes mainly related to urban dynamics, reflected in the proliferation of suburban centers which are sometimes complementary and sometimes competing colonial center. Functional dynamics of this result is a new form of spatial organization and centrality original. Spatial analysis shows that brief metropolis Constantine is structured with a mosaic zoning, each corresponding to a specific period and follows a specific urban policy involving distinct practices. The current structure of the central areas of the city of Constantine, especially the colonial center, demonstrates inconsistencies between policies combined with social and political actors. These considerations require a global approach to coordinate the various actors and practitioners in the metropolitan area. The urban as well as various associations of Constantine are rarely involved by decision makers in achieving urban development operations. All management decisions are local authorities (municipalities) and regional (wilaya). The progress of our research is focused in three main parts: The evolution of the metropolis and urban centrality in Constantine Regulations and planning policies adopted Urban centrality: practices and perspectives mutations
Costil-Levasseur, Mathilde. "Saint-Denis face au défi de l’habitat insalubre, enjeux et politiques publiques." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080032/document.
Повний текст джерелаSaint-Denis, a working class city in the suburb of Paris, is particularly impacted by run-down housing. How does a communist city that promotes an inclusive politics, addresses the question of degraded housing and what are the geopolitical stakes behind the resorption of this type of habitat? Saint-Denis’ elected officials have become outspoken on the question of slums at the national level and lead several projects for inserting their inhabitants in the territory. Those are however more akin to patch-up jobs considering the absence of a national policy and they face the lack of funding, the problem of rehousing, and sometimes negative reactions from other residents. With regards to apartment buildings’ insalubrity, it remains a problem despite thirty years of public policies. This is due to the low efficiency of incentivizing policies, city pauperization, and market-based solutions that attract landlords more interested in economic returns than good maintenance. Since 2008, city hall concentrates its efforts on the downtown area through a major program of urban renewal (PNRQAD), as part of a strategy to revalorize it to attract owners that would maintain housing’s upkeep. The implementation of the PNRQAD raises questions on issues of settlement, image, and sociological evolution of the downtown area, all the more so now that communists are faced with a rising socialist party. Communist elected officials therefore now face an internal contradiction: changing Saint-Denis’ image with the purpose of increasing the quality of housing conditions favors a settlement pattern that will be electorally detrimental to them
Godier, Patrice. "Fabrication de la ville contemporaine : processus et acteurs : le cas de l'agglomération bordelaise." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21647/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn a context where urban problems forms of public action and systems of actors drastically change the ways to build the city these last decades, we must understand the logics of action that influence the dynamics of spatial and territorial changes. The analysis model is developed from the point of view of the urban sociology and is based on three important intercative processes. A strategic framing process whose reference system gives the standart in terms of a base of shared representations. A complicated organizational process (networking), involving ressources and persons whose actions and interventions need to be coordonated and controlled within a specifical technical, legal and organisatinal system (urban contracting owner). A process, of a precise, material and spatial translation aiming the concrete realization, on privileged territories of operations which on the basis of the initial intentions and within the framework of a space of specific activities, combine economic, political and symbolic objectives. The concept of urban project is the expression of the chaining of these three processes. Starting from a jointly defined issue on the scale of the city of agglomeration, it generates during a given time period a collective activity, mobilizes and recruits in each stage of all levels of responsabilities a plurality of actors around a serie of urban and architectural operations. The agglomeration of Bordeaux and its transformation over the period 1995-2006 is used as reference base
Bissou, William II Paulin. "Approche par les instruments de l’action publique au Cameroun : le cas de la planification urbaine des villes de Douala et Yaoundé." Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMD003.
Повний текст джерелаThis Phd thesis focuses on public policy instruments for urban planning in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé. It is part of the dynamics of political research in Africa. It questions the trajectory of the state through its deployment in a concrete area of public policy, which is urban planning.Two geographical locations were mobilized to carry out this study, namely Douala the economic capital of the country and Yaounde the political capital.46 interviews, the collection of archival and working documents, as well as the non-participant observation were used to build an analysis of the political sociology based on the relations between the rulers and the ruled. The main results of the study concern a form of reappropriation of public action instruments and a contextualization of urban planning based on the specific realities of each territory. The development of public policy instruments as well as their mobilization within the framework of planning evolves according to the nature of the state. This instrument-based approach provides a comprehensive view of the urban planning sector and the development policies developed by Cameroon from the colonial era till date. This urban planning policy, which emerges in the colonial context, is primarily a territorial before becoming sectored policy with the establishment of the FIDES plans. The post-independent state will inherit this sector orientation. Faced with recurrent difficulties and considering the contemporary challenges of urban governance, the trend is now towards a (re) territorialization of this public action
Bah, Abdoul Hamidy. "Dynamique des langues et variation du français en milieu urbain en Guinée : cas de la ville de Conakry." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30045.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the results of a research on the dynamism of languages on one hand, and the expansions and variations of the French language in the city of Conakry on the other hand. In this urban and multilingual context, it is interesting to see the place of each language in the Guinean linguistic landscape. Especially because the question of the role of languages in the socio-economic development of Guinea in particular and the African countries in general rises with acuity in the political decision-making. In a sociolinguistic perspective, the languages in presence are observed under a dynamic angle. Which shows variations in languages practices of Conakry’s people. An analysis of sociolinguistic and identity representation of the speakers has enabled to explain the reason why the French language is progressively about to be the vehicular language in the city of Conakry. An analysis of the linguistics particularity of the French language spoken allowed to (bring) out the necessity of taking into account the features of the Guinean languages in the educational choices of the French teaching in Guinea. Eventually, the objective of this research is to understand the dynamism of the French language in Conakry both on the sociolinguistic and linguistic aspect
Prieur, Florent Marcel. "Dompter une ville en colère : Genèse, conception et mise en œuvre de la police d’État de Lyon 1800-1870." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20076.
Повний текст джерелаThe law of 19th June 1851 which establishes state control over the police of Lyon marks a major break in the history of urban policing in France. Since the French Revolution, mayors were in charged of the police in all the French municipalities, Paris excepted. From 1851, Lyon thus became an exception. Because it differenced itself by its recurring revolts since the end of the XVIIIth century, because it is considered as the capital of the southeast-part of France and because its population appeared unanimously as refusing any kind of domination, it was considered as a rebel city. During the "people’s spring" marked by the regular uprisings of the partisans of the democratic and social Republic, in June, 1848 then in June, 1849, Lyon became for the authorities, the headquarters of all those who wanted to turn upside down social order in France and even in Europe. Yet, during this period, the police of Lyon gave daily proofs of a total failure to fight criminality, in spite of a general reorganization tempted in autumn 1848.In reaction, the Parisian power gradually put Lyon "outside the common law". The city and its suburbs were firstly deprived of their national guards in July 1848, unlike the other municipalities, because its guards were perceived, between the Rhône and the Saône, as weak in front of riots and quick to turn around against the army and the police. On June 15th 1849, a new uprising burst in Lyon. Repressed by the army, it engaged the general reform of the administrative and police organization of the city and the suburbs. Lyon and the five departments of the 6th military division had immediately been are placed and maintained under state of siege. Firstly tried in autumn 1849, the reform succeeded with the law of 19th June 1851. From then on, Lyon had a state-controlled police, in the hands of the prefect of the Rhône who became a prefect of police, acting in a new administrative entity, the Lyon agglomeration, which included a dozen municipalities and suburbs. The decree of March 24th, 1852 made this reform succeed, by suppressing the mayor and by attributing its functions to the prefect, by annexing the suburban municipalities and by dividing the city into five districts. On the police plan, services were reorganized until 1854, on the basis of the models of Paris, London and Geneva.The State police of Lyon crossed the Second Empire and became the model from which the polices of the prefectures of more than 40 000 inhabitants passed under state control in 1855. Nevertheless, the State police is contested during the 1860s, in the Legislative Corps and the General Council of the Rhône. The republican asked for the restoration of an elected municipality in Lyon, seen as the first step of the return of the city in the police "common law". Gradually, political surveillance of the urban space became increasingly difficult, and the police staff seemed insufficient. Nevertheless, it was the defeat of Sedan that would mark the end of the State police. Once the Republic had been proclaimed, the municipality of Lyon just recomposed took back immediately the direction of the police on September 4th, 1870
Fallah, Bessam. "Pour une patrimonialisation intégrée au développement urbain : élaboration des conditions de conciliations entre obligations de préservation et impératifs de développement à travers l’étude de cas d’Avignon." Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG1133/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe preservation of historic cities requires on behalf of the actors committed to the urban development of the urban historic ensemble (EUH) additional efforts to extend their actions beyond isolated buildings. In practice, when developing historic urban ensembles, the conservation of the urban heritage seems to be relegated to an external if compulsory constraint which has to be overcome. This situation often results in the opposition of two aims: development versus conservatory.The question of how can the conservation of urban heritage be better considered is debated on international, national and local scales. By joining this current debate, our thesis aims to answer the following question: how can we improve the management of the imperatives behind urban development in historic cities, when tied to patrimonial obligation towards urban ensembles?The literature review helped us show that the notion of urban heritage, which justifies the urban preservation, was born in the minds of planners confronted with urban development, linking the notion of the urban heritage more closely to that of development than to conservation. In the absence of one that would move towards urban heritage preservation and confronted with the dominant if opposite postures, we realized, based on the literature review, that the opposition shared anchoring elements: the preservation paradigm of actions, centered on buildings and unsuitable in the case of ensembles, this paradigm supported by divergent institutional cultures and strengthened by an opposition between the modes of local implication.Considering the well-known difficulties and the contributions of the literature review, which clarifies the nature of the opposition between heritage conservation and development, how can the preservation of historic urban ensembles be thought differently? To answer that question, we propose reflecting on urban preservation as integrated to urban development.On the methodological level, the nature of the opposition between development and conservation sends us back to the analysis of what takes place on the field. We chose to look at the historic center of Avignon, where various actors have attempted to exceed this opposition. Avignon, as a mid-sized city of the South of France, is endowed with one of France’s biggest protected areas which cover the entire historic center. The history of the actions carried out in the intramural brings out archetypical situations which illustrate the opposition between development and conservation. The case study allowsus to intellectualise the mobilization of urban heritage on 3 levels: Institutional, Find and Urban action. Each of these levels distinguishes itself by the nature of the mobilization and by the point at which are made manifest the mobilization of the material and symbolic dimensions of urban heritage. Starting with the case study, we have conceptualised a model which goes beyond a restricted reading focused on the opposition to think out urban development within the context of urban conservation. The model brings into the urban development the notion of urban heritage designation as a succession of actions which qualify urban historic ensemble as heritage and preserve them. On the scientific level, the model mobilizes notions, borrowed from sociological, communicational, ethnological and geographical approaches of heritage designation. It proposes a new analytical framework for thinking about the actors involved in the urbanistic management of the historic urban ensembles, so as to exceed the oppositions and guarantee a sustainable creation of urban heritage which does not constitute an obstacle for the imperatives of development. The model helps us see the roles at stake and organizes the various actions undertaken by the various actors in favour of both heritage and development to come up with an integrated urban heritage designation
Diabate, Lancine. "Etude de développement du transport lagunaire de personnes dans la ville d'Abidjan." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209120.
Повний текст джерелаDepuis le début des années 80, Abidjan a connu une dynamique spatiale et une croissance démographique constante. On note à Abidjan une séparation des fonctions, les emplois étant concentrés dans les quartiers au Sud de la ville tandis que le Nord constitue une zone résidentielle. Dans un tel contexte, le défi est donc de savoir quels sont les voies et moyens pour rendre le transport public efficace et durable.
Cette thèse vise l'accroissement et la diversification de l'offre de transport en commun par l'utilisation du plan d'eau lagunaire pour désengorger les voies terrestres, le développement de moyens de transport alternatifs, la lutte contre la pollution de l'environnement. Elle vise à promouvoir le transport lagunaire de personnes comme une solution aux problèmes de mobilité qui se posent à la population abidjanaise et à susciter un transfert modal d'autres modes de transports — tels que les voitures particulières, les bus, les taxis, les taxis wôrô-wôrôs — vers les bateaux-bus.
On note actuellement que l'exploitation du plan d'eau lagunaire est encore à l'état embryonnaire malgré la présence de la lagune dans onze des quatorze communes que compte le district d'Abidjan.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guillon, Vincent. "Mondes de coopération et gouvernance culturelle dans les villes : une comparaison des recompositions de l'action publique culturelle à Lille, Lyon, Saint Etienne et Montréal." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675684.
Повний текст джерелаCodron, Émilia. "Entre accompagnement et activation des personnes éloignées de l'emploi issues des quartiers prioritaires : le cas du dispositif "Mobilisation Orientation vers l'Emploi" (MOVE) à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0601.
Повний текст джерелаFocusing on the MOVE program (Mobilization Orientation toward Employment) implemented in Marseille, this thesis analyzes the institutional treatment of people called “distant from employment” living in disadvantaged areas. Using an ethnographic method mixed with statistical analysis, it strives for understanding what the program produces, beyond its prescribed objective which is connecting people called “distant from employment” to the Employment Public Service. The first section contextualizes the program MOVE. Initially designed by community centers, then it is taken over by the institutions in charge of “politique de la Ville” and reframed in order to match with their own devices. Nevertheless, the program remains flexible, multi-stakeholder, and is able to adapt to local specificities. The second section questions the categorizations of the program’s target group, confronting them with the social characteristics of people who effectively use the program. It emerges that the use of the MOVE device is the counterpart of a partial and intermittent use of the public employment service.The third section analyzes the values and the practices of the facilitators in charge of implementing the program. They refer to values of “popular education”, and oppose them to those of the Employment Public Service’s counselors. The observation of their work in progress reveals in fact partnership practices. Ultimately, the MOVE program allows to struggle against non-recourse to Employment Public Service, but also to extend the right to a more adapted guidance for people who generally are vulnerable
Artioli, Francesca. "L’armée, les villes, l’État : restructurations militaires et politiques urbaines : les transformations de l’intégration territoriale en France et en Italie." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0054.
Повний текст джерелаIssues regarding public policies and territorial differentiation have risen as a result of three contemporary phenomena: sectorial structural adjustments and their corresponding territorial impacts; the rescaling of political authority; and the emergence of a variety of local governance models. This dissertation analyses the evolution of six cities, historically modelled by national defence policy, in light of recent defence policy reforms and the rise in local government competencies. The scope of the analysis covers six cities, three in France and three in Italy. The dissertation demonstrates the need to analyse locally-specific forms of national and local public intervention; and their reciprocal interactions; in order to understand urban and social evolutions. It develops a framework inspired by historical sociology of the State that conceptualizes the links between public policy and territorial structuring and integration. On one hand, territorial retrenchment of national defence policy varies accross cities, as a result of negotiations between central defence and financial administrations, and increasing local government lobbying of the central State. On the other hand, it illustrates the varying degrees to which local governments are capable of organising and managing public intervention; and can transform spaces which are historically structured by the State. This capacity hinges upon the nature of urban political agendas; the existing means of institutionalised collective action; as well as upon the ways in which the State operates in cities. The dissertation helps redefine central/local relations in the context of decentralization and budgetary constraints
Lagier, Elsa. "Le rapport à la politique des descendants d'immigrés dans les quartiers d'habitat social : de la diversité des parcours aux expériences communes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG012.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD questions the dynamics of political attitudes (interest, criticism, indifference, involvement etc.) of French youths from non-European immigrant background born or raised in France in deprived areas where a specific policy is implemented. The originality of this study is that it includes different attitudes towards politics and different countries of origin. The interlocutors interviewed are from Senegal, Algeria, Morocco, Vietnam, Laos, Comoros etc. The analysis developed from biographical interviews underlines the influence of the different migration paths of the parents, and the common experiences of their children on the construction of their political attitudes; it questions their possible specificity. This analysis pays particular attention to the family memory and the dynamics of intergenerational transmission, to the socio-professional trajectories of immigrants’ descendants and those of their parents as well as their local context of residence
Léostic, Fanny. "Rénovation urbaine, mobilités résidentielles et changement social : études comparées." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100192/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn 2003, a landmark enactment was passed in France to fight urban blight. Since then, the French government is engaged in a policy of major urban renewal that targets run-down neighborhoods in central or peripheral urban areas. Local projects consist in refurbishing existing buildings or in tearing down and rebuilding old ones, as a way to promote spatial and social changes. Those programs induce different types of residential mobility, from mandatory mobility implemented by local players, to mobility that is more spontaneous. This thesis addresses the impact of those projects upon the evolution of the targeted areas, studied on a middle-term basis. Do the spatial and social dynamics of those areas radically change? What are the social consequences of the transformations of the built environment and of residential mobility? Our approach is inductive, and pragmatic. The comparison of four projects, statistically studied, allows us to test the hypothesis of an impact of place on urban renewal. As the result of our analysis, structural facts, such as housing stock, or social and geographical contexts, appear to be determining factors of the evolution of the studied areas. Residential mobility tends to re-concentrate disadvantaged people, thus increasing spatial fragmentation – which does not match the initial goals of the 2003 law
Lee-Remond, Sora. "Essai d'anthropologie des transports en commun : Approche comparative des politiques, représentations et pratiques de bus en France et en Corée." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0011/document.
Повний текст джерелаMobility is a subject of complex research, which is inseparable from another complex subject: the city. Both subjects naturally request an interdisciplinary approach that has been engaged in this work. We wanted to study this subject with the city bus system of medium sized cities. The main challenge of this thesis was to understand the issue of the bus by examining the interactions between its uses and its images, between the organizers of transport policies and the users (in their practices or their perceptions of bus travel), which would reveal the consonance or dissonance in perceptions / practices that can appear between what the first imagined and how the second appropriates it.The mobility issue can also be brought up in different ways according to national and urban cultures. We compare our reference city (Belfort) and its neighbor city (Montbéliard) in Franche-Comte, with a far-away medium sized city (Changwon) in South Korea. These three cities share a common industrial identity and have a city bus as their only means of public transportation. The urban culture of France (horizontal structure) and that of Korea (vertical structure) have generated different urban transport systems and influenced the behavior of its use, and also the perceptions of the bus service
Liu, Chunmei. "Déterminants d’un BLM (Building Life Management) dans les villes chinoises en se focalisant sur la maintenance." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2536.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis seeks to identify what are the determinants os sustainable Building Life Management (BLM) in chinese cities, starting from the observation of the short average lifespan of buildings in the People's Republic of china (PPC) and its impact on sustainable development. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part highlights the determining variables of BLM in China. In this part, we demontrate thet buiding maintenance is the main lever of suistainable BLM. Sub-optimal maintenance decision-making is a multifactorail and complex phenomenon, influenced by the economic and political conditions governing the agents's decision on maintenance. The second part studies the five fundamental macroeconomic levers framing the decision-making of agents ; we also discuss the miroeconomic levers explaining the behavior of maintenance decision-making and we apply this model to three archetypes of political systems – liberal, traditional socialism, and mixed. In a thirs part, we return to the political system of China by analyzing the specifics of ownership of land, the tax regulation, the Hukou system, the urban planning and the emerging real estate market. From this analysis, we apply the analysis matrix previously presented in order to understand the causes of underinvestment in maintenance in the chinese context
Chabi, Moïse. "Métropolisation et dynamiques périurbaines : cas de l’espace urbain de Cotonou." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100166/document.
Повний текст джерелаMetropolisation is one of the processes responsible for the spatial reconstruction in West Africa. This process is underpinned by for pillars that the found a metropolitan system. We come to identify an approach that allows as to understand the different movements between the center and the periphery.Insert Cotonou in the network of the famous cities is the wish of the Benin political actors. But the desire to city play an more important role in the West Africa region is not always in line with approach of managers and the level of the organization of the urban community. First the difficulties of man live and in an environment inhospitable at the beginning, but forced to bear a heavy load make man’s relation with his environment at the tense. As the environment is not controlled and well managed, is negatively affects the process of metropolisation. Second, the policy of local actors is characterized by carelessness and the lack of strategically thinking about the the future and the role of the pole of the metropolitan area. The analysis of the evolution of the urban policy shows there phases, but the perception of political actors on the city has remained constant since independence. On the economic angle, Benin city is dominated by the informal, which causes problems to everything which is official and determines the morphology of the metropolitan area. Although the architectural and functional changes are obvious, you wonder if this type of economy is an affective pillar. On the contrary, the on which is on social values, such as affection, is not negligible in the reconstruction of urban society. They influence the decision of actors, encouraging either to act in favour of the one country or to abandon it. Production by a variety of situations including the affects of an unhealthy environment, the analysis of the affection for Cotonou and is periphery shows that it is an important element of the city’s axis which promotes suburbanization. The balances of power between these have spatial effects. Responsible for the current state of the Benin metropolis, they determine its spatial configurations. Moreover, Cotonou seems to be in a phase of passive or ‘’incomplete metropolisation”, will the actors have or will they provide the means to meet the challenges for a full or active metropolisation ?
Cunha, Borges Ralid Renata. "Politiques de logement et modes de gestion urbaine face à l’habitat précaire : regards croisés sur Brasilia et Paris." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040103.
Повний текст джерелаThis research explores the theme of contemporary urbanization, specially the articulation of policies related to urban planning and management with those dealing with housing for disadvantaged populations. This is a study and reflection on the influence of the evolution of knowledge, discourse and management methods on urban policies applied to the development process and to meet the housing needs of people and equipment urban poor credit.Housing is the main component of the urban substance, and it is in the housing policies and forms of habitat that urban inequalities emerge and turn out to be more pronounced in the South and the North hemisphere, in Brasilia or in Paris. The treatment of housing and urban integration of low income groups and remains the largest apparent and publicized pitfalls of all urban policies.The thesis traces a retrospective of housing policies and urban management the past 50 years in Brasilia and Paris in response to precarious housing. The creation of policies and programs of mass housing have contributed to the construction of the "peripheries" of these two cities. However, these peripheral areas are now considered disadvantaged neighbourhoods compared to the central areas of both cities.Through half a century of housing policy and urban management analyses how the two cities may consider another form of housing policy and the city with another generation of urban instruments productive equality and more inclusive?
Khalatbari, Arash. "La cohésion résidentielle, concepts et mesures." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0040.
Повний текст джерелаSocial cohesion is a recurrent concept in urban policy and urban planning, an ideal concept whose underlying notion is order. This research studies an overall equilibrium situation on the localized scale of a collective habitat: Residential Cohesion. Several factors contribute to this balance, in particular the behaviors of the inhabitants. We propose the theory of values as a measurement tool for its explanatory potential of supra-individual behavioral dynamics
Wazzan, Kinda. "LA PRODUCTION DE LA PÉRIPHÉRIE NORD DE LATTAQUIÉ (Syrie). STRATÉGIES D'ACTEURS ET FORMES PRODUITES : mécanismes généraux et application au cas des quartiers non réglementaires de DAATOUR et de BISNADA." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664346.
Повний текст джерелаSaint-Macary, Émilie. "Mixité sociale et diversité de l'habitat : l'investissement d'acteurs privés dans les opérations de rénovation urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1153.
Повний текст джерелаSince the vote of the orientation law in August 1st, 2003 on urban renewal, housing diversity is at the centre of new national injunctions by the government through the introduction of a new instrument: the diversification of the housing tenure. From the very first urban renewal program planning in France, social mix is used as a tool against poverty concentration. The introduction of housing diversity into the working-class neighbourhoods is therefore not a novelty. But, it has taken today a different turn in France's current urban renewal policy. Indeed, since the implementation of the Agence Nationale pour la Rénovation urbaine (ANRU) (national agency for urban renewal) we observe a shift in the financing sources of the urban renewal policy budget; the public sector has considerably reduced its participation while private investors such as Action Logement have become major investors. Second, we observe a quasi-systematic intervention of two types of private actors on the reconstruction projects, namely indepedant private developers and the Association Foncière Logement (AFL).This new economic setting gives another dimension to the implementation of social diversity in these areas. This notably raises the question of the ability of private actors to realize a public mission while being constrained by the necessity of profitability. The main hypothesis tested in this thesis is that private actors involved in urban renewal adjust their actions in order to provide an offer adapted to the newly targeted market. We test this hypothesis on three different sites: Mantes-la-Jolie (78), Le Blanc-Mesnil (93) and Le Havre (76) in which different diversification strategies have been applied. By investigating the implementation plans of diversification housing on each site, this thesis puts in evidence the different gaps existing between the initial intentions and the programs' achievements, both in terms of housing characteristics and of targeted populations. Such gaps potentially jeopardize the initially announced objectives of social mix
Quittelier, Benoît. "Les territoires du Hip-Hop à Bruxelles: marqueurs des transformations contemporaines d'un mouvement culturel populaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209299.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences
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Panicciari, Giulia. "De la ville soviétique à la ville postsoviétique : transformations sociales et culturelles à Almaty (Kazakhstan)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0003.
Повний текст джерелаIn Central Asia the imposition of the Soviet State proved to be difficult, as it implied the radical transformation of local societies. This dissertation shows how 70 years of Soviet power changed forever Kazakhstan’s society, economy and culture. Its focuses in particular on the Kazakh people starting from the first Soviet years to the 2000s, and on their journey towards the Soviet capital and later towards a contemporary metropolis. This dissertation approaches questions such as the encounter of the ex Kazakh nomads with the Russians in the urban space, the role of ethnicity and of the local culture in the transformations promoted by the Soviet State and, later, in the process of nation building. The reconstruction of the social history of the urban community, with the aid of archives and in-depth interviews, reveals a complex society which adapted the local culture and the Soviet one to create its own version of Sovietism. My dissertation argues that in such context, social questions connected to the urbanization, which remain actual till the end of the Soviet Union, will affect considerably the transformations after 1991 and that if we do not pay the just attention to the local universe, we cannot understand the Soviet past in Central Asia, neither the recent changes. In the city, the Soviet power and, later, that of Kazakh President Nazarbaev, contribute to the construction of public spaces and of urban memory telling about the modernity of the Kazakh people. The city is, as I put it in my research, is a useful case study to develop broader questions regarding world cultures and societies
Milwertz, Cecilia Nathansen. "Accepting population control : urban Chinese women and the one-child family policy /." Richmond : Curzon, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37023631d.
Повний текст джерелаPappalardo, Marta. "« Mériter » la ville globalisée : la production des espaces urbains en centre-ville, entre discours et pratiques micro-locales : Naples et Le Caire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100130/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research examines the discursive practices of domination and othering in urban production. Our analysis opens with the questioning of globalization in urban planning and its relationship with the micro-local level. Our hypothesis is that dominant groups use popular practices as an argument of delegitimization of the poor in the "visions" of the globalized city. This stigma is fuelled by the stereotypes of the undeveloped city and the immobilism of these "subaltern groups", but also by the conflicts between the inhabitants of the centre for the appropriation of space in everyday life. Thus, the domination results as a complex tangle between real social conditions and stereotypical discourses. This research follows an interdisciplinary approach, which crosses the architecture-specific analysis of the city with a sociological perspective. We chose as our case studies two cities, Cairo (Egypt) and Naples (Italy). Despite the profound differences in context, many issues overlap: the touristic appeal depending on the exclusion of a part of the population, the politics of heritage of the city centres, and an urban planning haunted by the myth of fallen greatness. Through the study of micro-local practices of domestic and urban space, and the process of construction and manipulation of a condition of "metropolitan subalternity", it appears that if, on the one hand, developers claim the monopoly of decision making, on the other, inhabitants develop a production of urban space "from below"
Markou, Efstathia-Efi. "La décentralisation industrielle en France dans le premier XXe siècle : du mot d’ordre réformateur à l’aménagement du territoire." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0023.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyses the stakes, logic and modalities of the construction of industrial decentralization as an object of reform and public action. The period of study extends from the renewal of debates at the dawn of the 20th century to the institutionalization of this action at the turn of the 1950s, involving several archival and printed sources. To follow the reconfigurations of "industrial decentralization" over the course of half a century, this research takes into account all the discourses postulating the displacement of industry (decentralization, transfer, dispersion...), issued by actors belonging to different professional fields (senior officials, politicians, urban planners, engineers, military, geographers, economists...). At the turn of the 20th century, industrial decentralization was conceived in terms of the opposition between cities (particularly Paris) and the countryside, in order to promote the return to the land, and to respond both to the abandonment of rural areas and to the urban question. These old concerns were being reformulated at the margins of the reform field, benefiting from the opening of a new repertoire of action, urban reform, and the professional practice that took shape as a result, urban planning. The belief in a possible reversal of the centripetal industrial movement was revived by advances in transport and electrical energy. The proposals were organized around three paradigms: the rural paradigm located industry in the countryside, reducing the size of settlements and aspiring to revitalize small workshops; the regional paradigm aimed at industrialization either of particular geographical areas, such as valleys, or of larger areas, dependent on large cities; and finally, the planning paradigm gave priority not to the deindustrialization of large cities but to the development of industrial areas in their suburbs. In the 1920s, the threat of aerial bombardments on strategic industries for the French army and on cities made national defence a new challenge for decentralization. It triggered the first policy, applied in the early 1930s to the aeronautical industries and then to other war industries, which were called upon to move away from the north-eastern part of France and from the Paris region in particular. Military considerations took over previous debates on decentralization, while adding to the major economic issues of their time, such as the modernization of production or unemployment, and confronting the practical aspects of operations, such as the availability or the housing of the labour force.The reformism and dirigisme of the Vichy government gave a new impetus to industrial decentralization, driven by the regime's modernist currents. Its planning administration undertook, by means of an extensive study, continued after the Liberation, to establish the principles of public action in this field which, while mitigating the effects of centralisation, would encourage further industrialisation. However, at the same time as these attempts were hampered by the conditions for carrying out reconstruction and economic planning, industrial decentralization lost its autonomy to become the main tool for country planning (aménagement du territoire), promoted in the late 1940s by the Ministry of Reconstruction and Town Planning. This thesis shows the historical dynamics of the continuous re-appropriation and re-semanticization by groups of actors grappling with social, economic or urban issues. It thus contributes to the sociology of the relationship between public action, the scholarly field and professional practices, but also to the history of the genesis of country planning
August, Zoé. "Ville durable : des concepts aux réalisations, les coulisses d’une fabrique urbaine : Marseille ou l’exemple d’une ville méditerranéenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1123/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhilst there seems to be a consensus on the feasibility of applying sustainability thinking to town and city development, our research contributes to the critical understanding of the notion of a sustainable city within the field of urban planning. We will begin with a study of the modalities of the emergence of this term, combining it with an analysis of the ways in which the notion is used in professional and scientific literature. Following on from the correspondence drawn between "méditerranéité" and complex thinking (MORIN 1999), our approach will then be embodied in the heart of a Mediterranean city : Marseille. Considering the mental pictures conjured up by the notion of sustainable city, we thus analyse the ways in which the elements of meaning previously highlighted are being used or not, interpreted, or even diverted, and how they influence decisions and actions. As the object of our work is the relationship between these and their material, socio-spatial and experiential impact, we then go on to conduct a sensitive exploration using observations and stories told by local residents within a sector in which actualisation principles are relating to the idea of sustainable city. This research shows, in the end, how the notion of sustainable city, which is exogenous to the domain of urban planning, does not offer a sufficiently emancipating or robust framework to allow the development of new “knowledge and know-how” or to outweigh the constraints and forceful trends that hinder the development of the town. This leads us to propose an "ecological" approach to explore what and whose contributions urban sustainability or rather sustainabilities might be built upon
Zanetti, Thomas. "Une ville et sa multinationale, une multinationale et sa ville : emprise spatiale, organisation sociale, fonction économique et régulation politique du « territoire Michelin » à Clermont-Ferrand (fin XIXe à nos jours)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20099/document.
Повний текст джерелаMichelin is a multinational presents on all the continents, it holds 70 sites worldwide, which employ all in all 108 000 employees. This way, the company has the capacity to value diverse territories within the framework of the globalization of its activities, by becoming emancipated spatial constraints to answer a global consumption. Yet, the multinational of the tire always maintained its head office in the city where the industrial company was born at the end of the XIXth century, Clermont-Ferrand, sign when a high degree of globalization can coexist with a hundred-years-old territorial anchoring. It is then advisable to wonder about reasons, inevitably evolutionary, of the presence of Michelin in Clermont-Ferrand.From the end of the XIXth century to the Second World War, the company set up in Clermont-Ferrand a paternalistic system of social frame of the working strength which accompanied the existence of the worker of the "cradle in the grave". Garden cities, schools, medical, sports equipments, charitable works, etc. were so designed to attract, develop loyalty and finally subject a workforce generally stemming from the rural environment from Auvergne. Being added to the spatial influence of the industrial sites, all located on the municipality of Clermont-Ferrand and composing a "space Michelin" spreading out between the old centers of Clermont and Montferrand, all the equipments of the paternalistic system draws a "world Michelin", defined as an autonomous socio-spatial entity, compared with the rest of the local urban society.This specific social organization has an essentially productive purpose. Confronted with the absence of industrial tradition which characterizes the clermontoise region at the beginning of the XXth century, the firm shapes an economic environment gradually subjected to the growth of a mono-industry, that some rubber, then to the single company, Michelin. The latter becomes then the main engine of the local economy, the powerful leader of a pond which becomes industrialized brutally.Finally, the relations of the company with the local public authorities are determining to understand how a private actor was able to shape a city to his economic logics. Indeed, the deployment of an initiative on the space cannot come true without link with the power institutionalized by the political elites, these mastering statutory resources indispensable to the implementation of the urban planning. The participation of Michelin to the urbanization is so inseparable public initiatives, led in particular by the municipality of Clermont-Ferrand. In the end, we can consider that we attend, in the first half of the XXth century, in the construction, by a company, of a territory structured by four interdependent dimensions: a spatial influence, a social organization, an economic function and a political regulation. Once put the modalities of the constitution of this "territory Michelin", the objective of this work is to analyze how this territorial construction evolves during the history, according to a cycle of "territorialization / deterritorialization / reterritorialization" which renews the conditions of the territorial anchoring of a world firm and informs about the dialectic between local and global, the territory which can then be considered as a key of reading of the capitalism and its consequences on the evolution of the urban societies
Languillon, Raphael. "Global Tokyo : ville mature, métropole renaissante." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22008/document.
Повний текст джерелаTokyo is a mature city characterized by two elements: its working population shrinks because of the demographic ageing, and its economic indicators stagnate (Growth Urban Product, real estate prices, stagflation). Nevertheless, in stead of this state, the urban frame of central spaces has been rapidly renewed since the turn of the 2000s. The dynamism of high rise building construction contrasts with the urban context. The urban renaissance policy initiated in 2002 by the central government encourages the great transformation of Tokyo’s central and sub‐central spaces. It allows to articulate public and private agents developing big urban renaissance projects, which concentrate investments in few urban spaces. This doctoral research work analyzes the impacts of urban maturity on real estate activities and on spatial restructurations of Tokyo’s urban frame. It investigates the strategy mutations of public and private agents involved in urban making. Maturity is the core of this PhD: What is a « mature » city? How to continue to create values in such a context of economic and demographic stagnation? This PhD thesis makes three conclusions. The mature city slightly changes at the macro scale, but faces intense internal recomposition at the meso and micro scales. It maximizes competition between agents and territories. As a result of this general competition, Tokyo is recomposed in hot spots, where are concentrated the investments, and in cold spots where economic and demographic losses are important. In order to maintain interessant rentability levels, a new capital accumulation regime appears: a « dynamic » capital accumulation regime. This new regime maximizes profits by speeding the rotation of capital and real estate investments speeding up the obsolescence of buildings and developing a cycle rotation of investments by category (commercial, residential, equipments, hotels). The counterpart is the shrinkage of economically profitable spaces. The mature city is therefore characterized by a spatial and temporal shrinkage of investments, and leads to more and more concentrated and more and more short- termist logics
Gigot, Mathieu. "Les dimensions territoriales des politiques du patrimoine urbain : instruments, enjeux et jeux d'acteurs dans trois villes du Val de Loire (Angers, Tours et Orléans)." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830734.
Повний текст джерелаFoucher, Yoann. "Mutations des zones d’activités commerciales suburbaines – Le renouvellement des entrées de ville : jeux d’acteurs et formes urbaines." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30025.
Повний текст джерелаThis research will cross-examine strategies used by private and public sector identities in addition to architectural morphologies of town entrance business activity areas' rehabilitation projects. Our analysis will aim to reveal current obstacles to urban rehabilitation and will be relying on the participant observation method inside the structure of the Society d'Amenagement de Montpellier (SAAM) - Building Society of the Urban Agglomeration of Montpellier - as well as interviews relating to two other projects: "Pont de l'âne Monthieu" in St Etienne and "Château-Redon" in La Valette du Var. These French examples are as interesting as they are rare, considering the intervention scale. They are managed by public project managers (Local public companies or Public development agencies) and rely on promoter-investors to create a new commercial site.The data corpus allows us to understand how the main stakeholders interact and manage urban projects: coalitions and oppositions between public bodies, supermarkets or specialized retailers, sponsors, store owners and city-scale community groups.The basis of public sector leads and promoters' strategies take its roots in the discrepancy of representations of urbanism, impacting directly on how the architecture is scheduled and designed.Our analysis of the morphological evolution of commercial centres will be complemented by other case studies in France and abroad and will show the hybrid trends of new suburban commercial centres towards a more dense and functional diversity.Urban projects in our research will show a drift towards more innovation in the sector, however it is difficult to foresee whether their specificities could be recreated in other middle size French cities
Calay, Vincent. "Gouverner la ville: Bruxelles à l'épreuve de son internationalisation, 2001-2008." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210297.
Повний текст джерелаAu plan théorique, ce choix se construit autour de deux courants sociologiques issus des sociologies dites « pragmatistes ». Premièrement, la thèse développe un travail ethnographique sur des situations spatialement et temporellement délimitées dans lesquelles se jouent des épreuves d’urbanités. Celles-ci révèlent et distribuent les statuts des différents êtres qui participent à la composition de l’urbanité de la ville. C’est donc à l’examen de telles épreuves que peuvent se reconstruire les modalités de production de savoirs sur la ville qui donnent forme aux mondes urbains. Ce travail se complète ensuite d’une étude du processus de normalisation, inspiré de la théorie de l’acteur-réseau. La notion d’épreuve est là conçue comme un ensemble de situations où s’observe la stabilisation de différentes formes de savoirs. Cette stabilisation peut ainsi se comprendre comme un processus de normalisation de certains cadres cognitifs qui conditionnent des manières différentes d’agencer l’ordre urbain, c’est-à-dire de le gouverner.
Au plan empirique, ce type d’approche implique l’étude de situations concrètes où se joue le gouvernement de la ville. De ce fait, la thèse structure la description du processus d’internationalisation de la ville à travers l’ethnographie de six situations spécifiques où le lien entre la ville et son internationalisation est mis à l’épreuve :un débat parlementaire, une assemblée consultative, la constitution d’un groupe de pression, une exposition d’architecture, une occupation artistique d’espace public et la production d’un guide touristique. L’étude de telles situations permet d’isoler cinq modèles du gouvernement de la ville (administrer, gérer, projeter, dénoncer et imaginer). Ceux-ci sont observés autant dans leur version purement discursive au sein de l’assemblée parlementaire que dans le contexte matériel, discursif et visuel qui organise leur pratique dans les cinq autres situations. Cette étude permet ainsi d’aborder, en profondeur, une histoire très contemporaine de l’internationalisation de Bruxelles qui montre la manière dont certaines modalités de son gouvernement se sont développées et stabilisées.
Enfin dans une dernière partie, les différents modèles sont respécifiés afin de saisir le processus de normalisation de certaines manières de gouverner la ville. Cette respécification des modèles passe par l’exploitation de la notion de "régime" telle qu’elle est conçue dans les sociologies pragmatistes, c’est-à-dire l'isolement, à partir des observations de terrain, d’un ensemble conventionnel qui ordonne la tenue des situations. Une telle respécification des modèles en régimes s’opère par l’intermédiaire d’une grille d’analyse qui rassemble dix-sept valeurs correspondant à six régimes particuliers (les régimes d’énonciation publique, d’action, d’engagement, cognitif, figuratif et d’urbanité). Ceux-ci permettent d’appréhender dans le même mouvement autant les modalités d’action retrouvées dans l’ensemble des modèles que le type d’urbanité auquel il fait droit. Dans un deuxième temps, les modèles sont évalués dans leurs rapports réciproques afin de saisir les valeurs qui les caractérisent le plus par rapport aux autres. Enfin, ce travail permet de hiérarchiser les différentes valeurs orientant les cinq régimes de gouvernement de la ville et d’évaluer les rapports de domination et de marginalisation entretenus entre les différents modèles.
Une telle exploitation de l’hypothèse des « régimes de gouvernement de la ville » permet ainsi de ne pas dissocier les modalités de gouvernement de la ville des situations dans lesquelles elles sont mises à l’épreuve. De ce fait, cette hypothèse incite directement à un travail comparatif qui permettent leur réévaluation à partir de nouveaux terrains. L’examen de leur hiérarchie permet en outre d’appréhender la question des rapports de force et de pouvoir non entre acteurs mais entre cadres cognitifs.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wilson, Wetter Yaneira. "La politique de la ville en images : le cas de la Gran Misión Vivienda Venezuela (2011-2020)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100064.
Повний текст джерелаThe Great Housing Mission Venezuela (Gran Mision Vivienda Venezuela or GMVV) was created in 2011 in a country that has been in constant change since 1999 after the arrival of President Hugo Chavez to the power and which is still experiencing a situation of generalized crisis 21 years later. This program proposes the massive and fast construction of houses mainly destined for families affected by a succession of climatic events. The thesis studies the transformation of the territory produced by the GMVV which goes beyond the traditional framework of city policies. I will analyze the status of the property, the purpose assigned to architecture and urban planning, the role of the image produced in this context, and the stance of the inhabitants in front of their new living environment. The GMVV, strongly supported by the government's official visual communication, combined with other, will be analyzed as a resilience factor for its beneficiaries facing a trauma that reveals the vulnerability of the territory and its inhabitants. One of the conclusions of this study is that the inhabitants express a paradoxical feeling of abandonment by the authorities concurrently with recognition for being sheltered and pride in overcoming the country's sustained crisis situation
Bessai, Bachir. "Dynamique linguistique et épilinguistique au sein des lycées de la ville de Béjaia." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30090.
Повний текст джерелаNoting that the city of Bejaia is characterized by multilingualism: Kabyle, Arabic and French, It seems interesting to understand how the coexistence of these languages is managed in the urban context. Indeed, our study attempts to determine the status and functions of the languages used by students from the Bejaia urban area. We are looking for an explanation of the operation areas of language use in Bejaia making allowances sociolinguistic representations. The goals we set for ourselves in our research are twofold: in practice, we try to identify the functions performed by each of the languages, as our field research is a crossroads of different languages. In terms of representation, the goal is to know the representations of students studying the values and hierarchies assigned to different languages. Our research also aims to identify the attitudes of high school students of Bejaia against the Algerian language policy in general, and the use of Arabic as a principal language of instruction at the university. To do this, we chose to conduct a survey of students in the city of Bejaia. We collected data not only quantitative but also qualitative, using two different methods. At first, we used questionnaires that informed us about the sociolinguistic profile of students, practices and linguistic representations. In order to complete the questionnaires, we conducted semi-structured interviews with some students. As the questionnaire was based on maintenance practices and linguistic representations of respondents. After analyzing the data, we tried to take stock of research and presented the results and their interpretation
انطلاقا من فكرة أن مدينة بجاية تتميز بتعدد لغوي يتمثل في القبائلية و العربية والفرنسية يبدو أنه منالمهم أن نرى كيف يتم التعامل مع هذا التعايش في هذا الوسط الحضاري. في واقع الأمر نحاول فيدراستنا تحديد مكانة و وظيفة اللغات المستخدمة من طرف تلاميذ الثانوية في مدينة بجاية. نحن نبحثعن تفسير كيفية استخدام المجالات الوظيفية للغات في بجاية و ذلك من خلال التمثيل الاجتماعي اللغوي.و بهذا الصدد نلاحظ أن الأهداف المسطرة في عملنا مضاعفة: فعلى المستوى التطبيقي سنحاول تحديدالوظائف المؤداة من قبل كل لغة متحدث بها، بما أن ميدان بحثنا ملتقى للغات المختلفة. انطلاقا من مبدأالتمثيل، نهدف إلى معرفة تمثيلات التلاميذ و دراسة القيمة و السلم المطبق لكل لغة، و في سياق آخرنهدف من بحثنا هذا إلى استنتاج موقف تلاميذ الثانوية في بجاية تجاه السياسة اللغوية المنتهجة فيالجزائر بشكل عام و استخدام اللغة العربية كلغة تدريس في الجامعة بشكل خاص. ولهذا الغرض، قررناالقيام باستبيان لدى تلاميذ الثانوية في مدينة بجاية، لقد قمنا بجمع معطيات كمية من جهة و نوعية من جهةأخرى، وذلك بتطبيق طريقتين مختلفتين. في بادئ الأمر، قمنا باستطلاعات أفادتنا بالملف الشخصي فياللسانيات الاجتماعية للتلميذ و الممارسات و التمثيلات اللغوية الخاصة به. من أجل استكمال الاستبيانات،أجرينا مقابلات شبه منظمة مع بعض التلاميذ. كما استند الاستبيان على الممارسات و التمثيلات اللغويةلأفراد العينة. وبعد تحليل البيانات، حاولنا أن اجراء مراجعة البحث وعرض النتائج وتفسيرها
Cristofol, Anna. "Mesurer l'enclavement dans les espaces urbains à l'aide d'un système d'information géographique : application aux territoires de la Politique de la ville." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1249/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, there is a debate in Urban Policies: are the “zones urbaines sensibles”, underprivileged urban areas benefiting from specific public policies, suffering from geographical isolation ? On the one hand, these areas are perceived in collective representations as “enclaves” where inhabitants are blocked in their district. On the other hand, this isolation is nuanced, even refuted, by many researchers who suggest focusing on the socio-economic factors of exclusion.With an approach in between social sciences and geomatics, this PhD thesis develops a generic method of measuring geographical isolation in urban spaces by using a geographic information system. We aims to question the contribution of geomatics to a debate that until then belong to disciplines such as geography, sociology or planning.We define geographical isolation as a situation of weak potential for contact with otherness, which reduces the exchanges between an entity and the rest of the territory, and causes the severance of its inhabitants. We propose to distinguish three dimensions of geographical isolation: Enclosing, Remoteness and Differentiation. These three dimensions give a frame to our method. Each refers to different fields of research – “community severance” or “barrier effect”, pedestrian mobility, characterization of urban form, accessibility, segregation measure – that we mobilize to construct indicators of geographical isolation.We then apply this method to the “zones urbaines sensibles”. This specific application enables us both to validate our method, by combining known results with other approaches (planning, sociology), and both to contribute to the debate on the geographical isolation of the “zones urbaines sensibles” with a quantitative approach
Tichit, Julia. "De la terre à la ville, de la ville à la terre : engagement de l'habitant dans les agricultures urbains interstitielles de Metro Manila (Philippines)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30090/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyzes interstitial urban agriculture through its forms and actors, in the fragmented city of Metro Manila in the Philippines, which is characterized by a wide disadvantaged population and an ultra-dense urban environment. The research problem is to understand the involvement of families and inhabitants in intra-urban agriculture, in the field of Social Geography, which aim is built on analyzing actors’ practices and representations toward the space. The inhabitant scale is seized within the family dynamic.Considering urban dynamics and systems of actors involved allows to introduce a typology of the interstitial forms of urban agriculture in Manila metropolitan area: an emerging aboveground farming carried by “organizational actors” and a spontaneous family open-field urban farming, which is distinguished according to its residual or resurgent position within the metropolitan dynamics.Postulating the intrinsic and forgotten spatial dimension of the notion of involvement, the thesis introduces a situational definition according to dwelling. The approach highlights the importance of considering the families practices, objectives and projects related to their involvement in urban agriculture. The notion of tactics is mobilized referencing to the daily diversionary practices and endeavors to counteract the poverty determinism emphasizing the capacity of being actor as vulnerable families.The challenge is to identify the involvement tactics of family in urban agriculture based on their complex practices to access resources. In a rather non-formal context, where material resources are scarce, the involvement of families and inhabitants in urban agriculture is based on a combination of socio-spatial, economic and political tactics to access the land and other everyday life resources.Using a diachronic approach, involvement tactics of families in urban agriculture are considered within their life pathways pointing both the settlement in urban agriculture as process and the everyday living through urban agriculture in the city. The involvement of families in urban agriculture means a better living, improving both their poverty situations and quality of life, but does not secure their Right to the city.The methodology is qualitative and mobilizes a battery of anthropo-geographic tools relying on round trip between the field and the data collected. The launch of the field survey identifies urban agriculture land use in the metropolitan area on aerial views and urban farming practices quoted in the bibliography. Direct observation and participatory observation are mobilized during the exploratory phase in order to stabilize the detection and to allow the field survey to reach families, living on “sensitive urban areas”. Then, comprehensive interviews inspired from life stories interview method are collected by repeated meeting with the members of the family. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with public and civil society actors
Mercurol, Quentin. "Kisumu en ses échelles : les conditions spatiales, temporelles et politiques des ambitions compétitives d'une ville secondaire kényane." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100095.
Повний текст джерелаKisumu, third largest Kenyan city on the shores of Lake Victoria, is today the place where are defined urban policies both by local and international actors that aim to make the city a logistic hub in the East African construction. At the world scale, these policies illustrate the proliferation of competitiveness oriented urban agendas, even in most ordinaries cities. However, Kisumu is not the passive container of circulating urban models imposed on a world periphery. We propose here to explore the geographical, historical and political parameters that explain the particular urban trajectory of Kisumu in the globalisation process. We see Kisumu beyond its local dimension: scalar relations from which the contemporary urban project is built highlight the local translation of a competitiveness-oriented agenda. Through a “multiscalar monography”, we bring three major directions out that help us to contextualize the scalar relations from which we can understand the contemporary evolutions of urban policies and their spatial consequences. First, the longue durée of the colonial embeddedness of the city in the world still helps the formulation of the contemporary urban agenda. Secondly, the construction and the formation of the colonial and postcolonial state are mediates the way the politics of the newly defined agenda is enunciated. Finally, the different scales of belonging to the Luo ethnicity the city is the anchorage shapes the way the project is locally both adopted and contested
El, Hadeuf Mounya. "De la ville de l'automobile à la ville des transports collectifs : le cas des sites propres bus du sud est parisien." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1074/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores the relationship between urban planning and transport, by studying dedicated bus lanes projects in ten cities of the near Parisian suburb, a territory which has both correct accessibility to the city-centre and real estate opportunities, so that it can constitute a potential of « rebuilding the city over the city ». By studying archival documents, it traces the genesis of these dedicated bus lanes, from propositions, to negotiations, adaptations and deployments, associated with the analysis of the urban evolution of the concerned territories, during 30 years, mainly by using the land-use database from IAU-IDF. By this double approach, the research tries to understand the concept of « Transit Oriented Development » and assesses contrasted strategies of concerned cities toward these types of projects, and highlights the correlation between these strategies and city’s history and the social demographic composition. It also reveals the gap between the stated will and undertaken implementation or achieved results, a difference that may have various causes, but also enables to understand the different efforts that must be made to ensure the coherence between transport projects and urban projects. A dedicated bus lane can be a basis for an action in favour of a « Transit Oriented Development » or lead to a « development oriented transit ». In both cases, we can consider its implementation as a success, according to transport systems criteria, or deem that in the second case, only a part of the project potentialities were achieved, and that it is possible to learn from these experiences to develop the current practices and process
Buhler, Thomas. "Eléments pour la prise en compte de l’habitude dans les pratiques de déplacements urbains : Le cas des résistances aux injonctions au changement de mode de déplacement sur l’agglomération lyonnaise." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0087/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 80’s the majority of French cities developed transport policies aiming at reducing car use. This involves the development of specific urban transport policies following various formulas (such as modal-shift, intermodal or multimodal policies) and various constraint levels on car use (incentive or restrictive policies). Several communicational and informational plans emerged since the 2000’s and support these policies in order to enable a change in urban transport practices. Local authorities’ injunctions to modal change take two principal shapes that are rather implicit or explicit. Implicit injunctions to modal change indicate a first hypothesis on the car-user developed by local authorities in charge of transportation planning and policies. This first hypothesis assumes a car-user in search of the “optimal” mode, and stipulates as a consequence a modification of urban environments in favor of “alternative modes” to make him change. Regarding explicit injunctions, a second hypothesis is assumed on the car-user, who is defined as an actor following an axiological rationality. As a consequence, communication campaigns on values and virtues of “alternative modes” are stipulated to achieve consent to change in the case of daily-life transport. In Lyon as elsewhere, these policies failed to meet with the expected success. The support to these plans and policies is not massive so that we observe strong resistances to injunctions to change. These resistances are not surprising in the case of low density spaces and are in line with the literature. However the resistances to modal change observed for the case of Lyon take place as well in central areas, accurately connected to public transportation services with high population density. We conclude that hypotheses of instrumental and axiological rationalities are limited in explaining the “reasons” of car use. Mainstream research literature on urban transport doesn’t go further than these two hypotheses. To contribute to this reflection we assume the hypothesis that habit - as a concept – can be mobilized to go beyond fruitless dualisms such as “individual vs. structure” or “choice vs. determinism” and enable the development of a rather phenomenological interpretation of transport behaviours. In order to identify the shapes and roles of habit in urban transport behaviours, we developed a two-step original method including the collection of comments recorded by car-drivers and a questionnaire. The latter enabled us to distinguish two sub-groups as regards to the strength of their automobile habit. As a major result we will show that automobile habit follows three dimensions, namely mental, temporal and spatial, and enable an explanation of user’s resistance to injunctions to modal change. In line with these results we will conclude with a critical reconsideration of transport policies based on injunctions to change, and with new operational and theoretical perspectives
Sinno, Maïa. "L'internationalisation de la fabrique de la ville, vers un produit politique : les investissements immobiliers des pays du Golfe au Caire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H100.
Повний текст джерелаThe issue of internationalization of financial involvement in Cairo's urban environment is fundamental in understanding the increasing role that international actors play in the region. Additionally, it enables a clearer perception of the State's increasing role through directive urban governance and is also central to any analysis of recent development of the city's social geography. This broad perspective is also a key to understanding the impact of neoliberal policies in developing countries and their increased dependence on international partnerships for urban development. One of the main explanation factors of the financialization of the city's construction is the evolving role of its various actors, through changing governance modes: who are the actors of large-scale real estate, when the balance of urban development project is not secured? One way of addressing this issue is through the question: "how is the risk distributed and absorbed where there exists two timescales, because of the mismatch between selling and buying in real estate investment?" These are the temporality of global finance, which obeys short term logics to serve specific interests and the temporality of the urban fabric which is over a much longer period of time. The longer the period for real estate return on investment, the lower the amount of profit for the investor. Distinction (or the lack of) between public and private sector interests and motivations remains the key parameter, since it refers to the State's withdrawal for urban governance as a way to give more power to private investors. The complex interference between public and private sector is therefore part of the very definition of the city financialization. This study is a way to understand mechanisms of regulation and balance of the markets related to the city production. The urban production of Cairo, before and after the Arab Spring popular uprising of 2011 is also a highly meaningful laboratory to analyze mobilization against financialization of urban production. ln Cairo, specific governance based on wealth accumulation by elite had been called into question by the 2011 revolution. The succession of transitory regimes and the numerous trials targeting fraudulent sales of some of the most powerful businessmen of the country could be viewed as a progress, in citizen's right to the city, of the revolutionaries. The fight for more justice caused a redefinition of the ruling assabiya, a community of public and private actors related by blood or marriage. But it did not destroy the corruption-based system, nor the dependence of Egyptian growth on occidental and regional aids, quite to the contrary. The specificity of the Egyptian neoliberal system is based on refusal of the state to let the contractors take control and on the interference of the public elite in contractors' activities. The new regime replicates with a heavier hand, this system from before the revolution. This enriches a core of actors belonging to an elite close to the regime. [...]
Vales, Teodoro Cândido. "De Lourenço Marques à Maputo : genèse et formation d'une ville." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is based on a historical approach. It addresses the process whereby the capital city of Mozambique was shaped and transformed, and analyses the links that appeared during the 19th and 20th centuries between economic change, institutional transformations and the evolution of urban morphology. The location of Lourenço Marques is peripheral in Mozambique. The city is close to the Union of South Africa, and was originally a trading outpost. It later became a feitoria, small town, then a coastal city. The creation of road and, later, of rail networks with the Transvaal in the 19th century meant that Lourenço Marques became the maritime gateway for South African mining products, which explains the city's economic development. During the period in which the city was shaped, its extensions were managed through plans drawn up by engineers and army officials, and, later, by architects who came from Lisbon. It is at this point in time that the city became the capital of the Province of Mozambique. Like many other colonial cities, Lourenço Marques was subject to a wide range of planning experiments (street patterns, subdivisions, zoning) designed in various European countries, including Portugal. During the entire colonial period, Portuguese engineers and architects somehow managed to contain the growth of this European town, by restricting African people's access to it. The fact that a quarter was created near the city centre for the “indigenous population” reflects the fact that colonizers wanted racial separation. When Mozambique became independent in 1975, the Portuguese exodus took place and the city was opened up to African people. This sudden decision generated mass immigration from the countryside and initiated the rapid demographic growth of Lourenço Marques, whose name then became Maputo. The authorities of Mozambique came up with many town planning documents (which were never approved), and found it increasingly difficult to manage the development process – many informal quarters appeared (subdivisions and shanty towns) – and to generate economic activities that would give permanent jobs to the new population