Статті в журналах: "Urban economics Social aspects"

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Lavrinova, Natalia N. "Social aspects of fair in the urban culture space." Neophilology, no. 21 (2020): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-21-176-182.

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We consider the necessity of the fair activities development in the urban culture space. A fair has the beneficial influence on social and cultural and economic changes in the urban environment. The research is based on the relevance of studying the fair potential as a social and cultural phenomenon, which is both economic and cultural as it contains functions of a social and cultural nature. To determine the fair social aspects in the urban culture space we consider fair as a social institution, examine its social and organizational activities. We consider the historical aspects of the fair appearance and functioning in the urban culture space. The social aspects of the fair are determined in many ways by the material world peculiarities which fill the fair space. Social, cultural senses and meanings are enclosed in the fair things and the fair itself is some kind of a language of culture. Communicative function of the fair is significant, it manifests itself in the creation of a communicative space, which includes communication, information exchange, self-realization, self-representation. A cultural and historical analysis of the fair social aspects led to several conclusions. Firstly, modern fairs are aimed at the preservation and reproduction of traditional culture. Secondly, such events contribute to the formation of new economic and social and cultural communication platforms. Such events as the fair fill the urban space with art, creative life, and allow urban culture to develop. The fair contributes to the renewal and dynamics of urban space. It preserves and complements the traditional sphere of cultural heritage.

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Maulina, Intan, and Bilferi Hutapea. "URBAN SOCIETY IN ROANNE VAN VOORST’S NOVEL TEMPAT TERBAIK DI DUNIA." AICLL: ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/aicll.v2i1.63.

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This research is aimed at showing urban society fosucing on the social aspects taking place at Bantaran Kali. The social aspects cover economic, political, econimic, religious, criminal and cultural aspects prevailing in the urban society at Bantaran Kali reflected in Roanne Van Voorst’s novel, Tempat Terbaik di Dunia. This research was conducted by using the sociology of literature approach, and the data analysis technique used in this study was genetic structuralism methods. The research results shows that the economic aspects focusing on the conditions of the people who glorify those who have Portofon, and those of the poor at Bantaran Kali were clearly reflected in chapters 1 and 2. Then in chapters 2 and 3, the story of the government's ignorance of the Bantaran people was vividly exposed. In these chapters, the thick political aspects which ultimately cause disasters and harm to other communities were illustrated in detail manners. In chapter 4, the economic aspects and poverty were again the most reflected aspects of the whole chapters, where the people of Bantaran Kali must accept the unfortunate fate that befalls them. Then, the religious aspect was described in chapter 5, and the criminal aspects taking place at Bantaran Kali were clearly reflected in chapter 6. The cultural aspect was illustrated in in chapter 7.

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3

Haqi, Faruq Ibnul. "Sustainable Urban Development and Social Sustainability in the Urban Context." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/emara.2016.2.1.21-26.

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Social sustainability and sustainable urban developments are major challenges across the world both developed and developing countries. In general there is a conflict between the approach of sustainable development and social sustainability in the urban context. The concept of sustainability brings a key framework for extensive literature on urban design, architecture and planning. Nevertheless there is a considerable overlap between the social dimensions of sustainability and the theories or notions, for instance the ‘sustainable societies’ that are highlighted in the midst of other aspects: social equity and justice. Such society is widely expected to offer a situation for long-term social relations and activities which are sustainable, inclusive and equitable in a wider perception of the term (environmentally, socially and economically). The method adopted to address this aim involves a content analysis of available academic literature, with focus on the planning sustainable development, built environment, social sustainability, and urban planning fields. The findings demonstrate that in spite of some opposing evidence, many studies have confirmed that there has been displacement of the debate on the term of ‘sustainability’ from ‘ecological and environmental aspects into social and economic aspects’. It is related to how the community feel safe and comfortable living in their own communities, how have they felt of proud of the place where they live. The aim of the paper is to improve our understanding of current theories and practices of planning sustainable development and discuss whether the approach of sustainable development aligns with social sustainability objectives.

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Haqi, Faruq Ibnul. "Sustainable Urban Development and Social Sustainability in the Urban Context." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/emara.v2i1.15.

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Social sustainability and sustainable urban developments are major challenges across the world both developed and developing countries. In general there is a conflict between the approach of sustainable development and social sustainability in the urban context. The concept of sustainability brings a key framework for extensive literature on urban design, architecture and planning. Nevertheless there is a considerable overlap between the social dimensions of sustainability and the theories or notions, for instance the ‘sustainable societies’ that are highlighted in the midst of other aspects: social equity and justice. Such society is widely expected to offer a situation for long-term social relations and activities which are sustainable, inclusive and equitable in a wider perception of the term (environmentally, socially and economically). The method adopted to address this aim involves a content analysis of available academic literature, with focus on the planning sustainable development, built environment, social sustainability, and urban planning fields. The findings demonstrate that in spite of some opposing evidence, many studies have confirmed that there has been displacement of the debate on the term of ‘sustainability’ from ‘ecological and environmental aspects into social and economic aspects’. It is related to how the community feel safe and comfortable living in their own communities, how have they felt of proud of the place where they live. The aim of the paper is to improve our understanding of current theories and practices of planning sustainable development and discuss whether the approach of sustainable development aligns with social sustainability objectives.

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5

Haqi, Faruq Ibnul. "Sustainable Urban Development and Social Sustainability in the Urban Context." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/eija.v2i1.15.

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Анотація:

Social sustainability and sustainable urban developments are major challenges across the world both developed and developing countries. In general there is a conflict between the approach of sustainable development and social sustainability in the urban context. The concept of sustainability brings a key framework for extensive literature on urban design, architecture and planning. Nevertheless there is a considerable overlap between the social dimensions of sustainability and the theories or notions, for instance the ‘sustainable societies’ that are highlighted in the midst of other aspects: social equity and justice. Such society is widely expected to offer a situation for long-term social relations and activities which are sustainable, inclusive and equitable in a wider perception of the term (environmentally, socially and economically). The method adopted to address this aim involves a content analysis of available academic literature, with focus on the planning sustainable development, built environment, social sustainability, and urban planning fields. The findings demonstrate that in spite of some opposing evidence, many studies have confirmed that there has been displacement of the debate on the term of ‘sustainability’ from ‘ecological and environmental aspects into social and economic aspects’. It is related to how the community feel safe and comfortable living in their own communities, how have they felt of proud of the place where they live. The aim of the paper is to improve our understanding of current theories and practices of planning sustainable development and discuss whether the approach of sustainable development aligns with social sustainability objectives.

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Ening Permini, Ni Luh Putu. "Kebijakan Sosial Di Perkotaan Sebagai Sebuah Kajian Implementatif." Jurnal Ilmiah Cakrawarti 1, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jic.v1i2.15.

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Human being cannot separate by a social problem. There is social problem on rural and urban area. But, more problems arise in urban than rural area. Base of it, the Urban Management have implementing as a management process to make an ideal city system as like as something was expected. The focus of urban management is closely connecting with the needs of the physical aspects, social and economic aspect of communities. The pattern of its management is highly related to the level of complexity of urban problems which related to a number of factors and challenges, such as population, high level on urbanization, Poverty increasing/minimally of employment opportunities, increasing of social inequality/economic inequality, declining of environmental quality in urban area, and ability human resources lim- itation, institutionally and fundrising for develop and to maintain the urban infrastructure. So- cial policy basically is a combination of two activities, discovering) and finding a solution for social problem (Bessant, et al 2009:3). In this case, integrated social policies in the academic scientific activities such as research using to find social issue such as poverty, that research will using to policy formulating. But sometime, government showed opposite. That was a break- through made with the means to anticipated a number of potential act which any time become to threaten. It includes several stages, as like as movement, awareness of unity among them, make an organization, tightened them line, all of that using to fight against an intervention of the officer. There are two Factors that influence to the existence of street vendors in the city of Denpasar. First aspects including problem through regulation, facilities and infrastructure, also human resources management. Another aspects is socio-cultural and economical factors

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7

Huston, Simon, and Sébastien Darchen. "Urban regeneration." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 7, no. 2 (May 27, 2014): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-01-2013-0005.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review sustainable planning literature and investigate a major development in an Australian regional city, looking for broad sustainable insights to improve urban growth management. Design/methodology/approach – First, the authors sketched the backdrop to Ipswich and looked for the drivers propelling its rapid growth. They then generated a sustainability framework from the urban regeneration literature. In the empirical phase, they analysed a major development – the Icon project. They evaluated three of five regeneration domains using secondary sources, site observations and interviews with stakeholders and experts. Findings – First, each city’s situation is unique, so the authors proffer no simplistic development formula. Internally, cities, including Ipswich, are spatially fragmented. Second, urban regeneration extends temporally and spatially beyond the project site boundaries or deadlines. Diminished property-driven regeneration neglects the social dimensions to sustainable housing or relegates it to an afterthought, but community participation is insufficient. Government needs to seed or drive (directly or via incentives) substantive social transformation. Projects supported with credible community social development are less risky, but, in competing for investment funds, local government can rush approve unsuitable projects. Research limitations/implications – The analysis focused on the planning and urban design aspects of the project. Only limited demographic, economic and social analyses were conducted, and the study would also benefit from interviews with a broader sample of experts. Practical implications – Sustainable urban regeneration needs to consider not only the unique mix of regional growth drivers and constraints, but also specific local precinct characteristics. Intelligently configured community consultation should inform but not dilute design leadership. Originality/value – This work investigates appropriate urban responses to growth pressure for sustainable outcomes in fast-growing regional cities.

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8

Jasso, Matej, and Maros Finka. "Selected aspects of territorial cohesion in Slovakia under the recent crisis." Spatium, no. 23 (2010): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1023017j.

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Territorial cohesion has been one of the most prominent topics of discourse among spatial planners, urban sociologists, economists and experts from various other fields. Territorial systems with high degree of cohesion are better equipped to withstand the external pressures and situational imbalancies. Recent global crisis exposed these imbalancies and challenged the smooth and balanced spatial development of European countries. Major economic setbacks influenced entire society in Slovakia. Global financial crisis evaporated the ultimate growth of Slovak economics and exposed hidden imbalancies of development policies solely related to GDP growth instead of creating the fundaments for sustainability in the transition economy. Spatial polarization on different levels of society weakened down the overall (mainly social) cohesion and highlighted the problems of marginalized regions and social groups. Social aspects of territorial and spatial processes are more visible than ever before and regional disparities are becoming more prominent issue in political and scientific discourse. Despite the deep profilation of regional identity and place attachment, there are still considerable distinctions and disparities between metropolitan/urban and rural communities in terms of values, consumption patterns, life style, sense of solidarity or wealth distribution. Selected aspects of territorial cohesion in Slovakia, mainly in the field of social cohesion are in the spotlight in this paper. Focus on integrative spatial development balancing the contradictions by effective mixture of general approach and reasonable and sensible differentiation is considered highly essential.

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9

Othman, Noriah, Rabiatul Adawiyah Latip, Mohd Hisham Ariffin, and Noralizawati Mohamed. "Expectancy in Urban Farming Engagement." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 2, no. 6 (November 8, 2017): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i6.948.

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Urban farming is seen as a sustainable practice with the social, economic and urban environment benefits. Despite the efforts by the government, there is lack of public participation in urban farming activities and challenges in sustaining urban farming participants’ interest. The study is aimed at measuring urban farming participation motivations using the Expectancy Theory of Motivation which is made up of three aspects; namely expectancy, instrumentality and valence. This paper describes the findings regarding the expectancy aspect of motivation (measured by using Expectancy theory) in urban farming activity in Malaysia.

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10

Semenyuk, Olga, Rakhima Chekaeva, and Farid Chekaev. "SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN." CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (September 19, 2015): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.624.

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At the present stage, questions of social infrastructure development in connection with history of settling and shaping of Kazakhstan, national traditions, and characteristics have not been answered. The need for a full-fledged social infrastructure in tandem with the requirements of efficiency increase associated with the utilization of territories, with regard to rational environmental management and load reduction on natural economic activity, is not supported by any standard or methodical basis. The change in geopolitical situation causes the need for a radical modernization in social infrastructure of urban spaces by taking into account the scale of the international relations of sovereign Kazakhstan.

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Scrieciu, S. Şerban, Nici Zimmermann, Zaid Chalabi, and Mike Davies. "Linking complexity economics and systems thinking, with illustrative discussions of urban sustainability." Cambridge Journal of Economics 45, no. 4 (June 16, 2021): 695–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beab017.

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Abstract The expanding research of complexity economics has been signalling its preference for a formal quantitative investigation of diverse interactions between heterogeneous agents at the lower, micro-level resulting in emergent, realistic socioeconomic dynamics at the higher, macro-level. However, there is scarcity in research that explicitly links complexity perspectives in economics with the systems thinking literature, despite these being highly compatible, with strong connections and common historical traces. We aim to address this gap by exploring commonalities and differences between the two bodies of knowledge, seen particularly through an economics lens. We argue for a hybrid approach, in that agent-based complexity perspectives in economics could more closely connect to two main systems thinking attributes: a macroscopic approach to analytically capturing the complex dynamics of systems, and an inter-subjective interpretivist dimension, when investigating complex social-economic order. Illustrative discussions of city sustainability are provided, with an emphasis on decarbonisation and residential energy demand aspects.

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12

Matijošaitienė, Irina, and Monika Gedvilaite. "Crime in Lithuanian Cities in Relation to Urban Planning and Design Aspects." Architecture and Urban Planning 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aup-2016-0004.

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Abstract Crime is a social phenomenon, which is closely related to human behaviour, economics, urban planning and design. The detailed research of six blocks of houses in three Lithuanian cities (Kaunas, Vilnius and Panevezys) with the highest crime rates and the most heterogeneous crimes was performed. Space syntax method, crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and correlation analysis were applied. Research results demonstrate that thefts from cars, other thefts, crime against human health, robberies, small-scale hooliganism and intentional damage or destruction of property correlate with particular properties of urban spaces and design elements.

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13

Zastavetska, L. B., T. B. Zastavetskyi, B. V. Zablotskyi, and K. D. Dudarchuk. "Social and geographical aspects of development of urbanizational process in Ukraine." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111877.

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The article examines the development of the urbanization process in Ukraine, highlights its stages and describes the factors that influenced the formation and development of cities. Considerable attention is paid to the peculiarities of the periods of urbanization in our country. In particular, the following stages of this process are highlighted: the emergence of the first cities and Greek colonial cities, the emergence of ancient Russian cities as defense and artisan centers, the strengthening of urban development under the influence of the development of manufactory production, transport routes, rapid urban development under the influence of industrialization, the formation of agglomerations and the modern period the development of urban settlements, which is characterized by the phenomenon ofdeurbanization. The main factors that had an impact on the formation of urban settlements in each period were identified, the largest cities that were formed at the time. The periods of prosperity and decline of cities, causes of urbanization, suburbanization anddeurbanization, transformation of functions of cities in the modern period and their role in resettlement systems are revealed. It is noted that the stages of prosperity of Ukrainian cities at the end of the XX century vary in the stage of evolutionary development, and later in degradation. This is evidenced by changes in the number of urban population and the number of cities in Ukraine. The main ways of the emergence of modern cities from the social and economic crisis are outlined. Cities, as centers of new territorial communities, will take on new functions. They will become centers of social and economic transformation, business centers for surrounding territories. To do this, it is necessary to determine for each city the main industry of production or services, which would be a "driver" for its further development. At the same time possible or rebranding (the restoration of activity that was previously in the city), or the creation of new types of economy, for the development of which are local resources. The importance of forming a modern city as a source of innovations is emphasized, which will allow it to become the center of investment transformation of territorial communities for the future.

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Sirjani, Amir Hossein, and Árpád Szabó. "Perceiving Liveability through the Diverse Aspects of Walkability." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 52, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.16449.

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A city's walkability is a measure of how friendly, safe and attractive a city is for walking within it. Moreover, a well-designed walkable environment can become a place where many social, political, and other important urban activities occur. Following the appearance of motorised vehicles, cars have occupied urban spaces, with many city structures changing according to motor vehicles' requirements rather than pedestrians. Regardless of the many benefits that cars bring to people’s lives, the overuse of cars has had many social, physical, and economic consequences. Based on the reviewed literature, this research analyses the relationship between the built environment and walking, behavioural factors and travel mode choices, walking as a means of socialisation and as a transportation mode. In addition to these factors, four main groups of criteria contributing to increased walking rate are identified: lifestyle, urban design factors, personal and locational factors. Each of these groups has comprehensive sub-categories that can evaluate the walkability of a street or an urban space. This research mainly examines the relationship between the built environment's physical properties and the walkability of urban space.

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Kopytenkova, Olga L., A. V. Levanchuk, and V. V. Ryabets. "Hygienic aspects of evaluating the process of creating a comfortable urban environment." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 6 (July 29, 2020): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-6-551-556.

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Introduction. The national programs focus on solving social and economic problems. At the same time, the hygienic characteristics of the urban environment that determine living conditions are not fully included in the documents regulating the formation of the urban environment. Materials and methods. The paper provides a content analysis of the current normative and methodological literature recommended for use in assessing the “formation of a comfortable urban environment” in Russian localities.Results. Currently, existing methods for assessing the “comfort of the urban environment” (methodology for forming the urban environment quality index dated March 23, 2019, No. 510-R) and “quality of the urban living environment” (methodology for assessing the quality of the urban living environment dated September 9, 2013, 371) are not suitable for determining the development strategy of the country’s territories because the assessment procedure does not include key hygienic indices of the comfort of the natural environment and living conditions of the population, which allow citizens to meet housing needs and ensure a high quality of life in General, including the birth of healthy children, maintaining the health of the adult population and preventing premature mortality.Conclusion. The urban environment integrates a variety of inter-level relations of various types (economic, social, cultural, etc.). It is intended to study it as a multi-level structure, for this purpose, it is necessary to use a hierarchical approach. To implement this approach, it is recommended to take into account the indices of various groups that affect the comfort of the urban environment and are directly related to the hygienic characteristics of the territory: A-climatogeographic; B-demographic; C-social; D-economic; E - urban planning; F - indices of transport infrastructure; G-environmental quality indices.

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Bara, Mario. "Some Aspects of Socialist Modernization in the Croatian Cities." Review of Croatian history 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v16i1.11288.

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The paper focuses on the period of socialist modernization in Croatian urban settings, in a country guided by ideologically shaped administrative measures, absence of social pluralism, and private economic initiatives. The socialist regime mainly promoted the announced transformation of social and economic relations, as well as technical progress, in the urban areas, where cultural and symbolic interventions took place along with the technical ones. The socialist city was to become an ideal city that met all the needs of the “working people”. Industrialization and urbanization caused labour migration from rural to urban areas. Due to the large number of new residents in the cities, the authorities paid much attention to housing policies. Accelerated construction resulted in a discrepancy with the existing urban and communal infrastructure. The consequences of half a century of socialist modernization in the cities were most evident in the altered population structure. At the beginning of the observed period, only one quarter of the population lived in cities, but when the socialist epoch ended, this ratio was over 50 %. The negative consequences of socialist modernization in the cities could be seen in the polarized development of the main urban centres, the unevenly developed network of medium-sized and small towns, and the depopulation of a significant part of rural areas.

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Hoa, Ta Quynh, and Phan Tien Hau. "Understanding the concept of urban village in Hanoi city, Vietnam: Social - Spatial - Economic interactions with surrounding urban areas." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 15, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(1)-12.

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In cities throughout Asian countries, there is an increasingly ubiquitous presence of “urban villages” that reflects the transformation of traditional farming villages into urban places under the impact of rapid urbanization. Hanoi - one of the two biggest cities in Vietnam - has been witnessing the fast changes of rural settlements into urban built environments during the in-situ urbanization process since the 1990s. It is very important to have a comprehensive understanding of the urban village model in the urban development context of Hanoi city. Therefore, the major aims of this research are to examine the characters of the urban villages formed by the urban sprawl in peri-urban areas, to explore the interactions among urban villages and surrounding new urban areas in terms of socio-economic and spatial aspects, and to detect the gaps, if any, between the two models of development. Yen Xa urban village in Tan Trieu commune was chosen as a case study. Structured and semi-structured interviews with villagers and local authority’s representatives were conducted in the research. The first findings from research are expected to propose recommendations that will help bridge the gaps between the two urban settlement models in terms of legal, physical and psychological aspects towards sustainable development. Keywords: urban village; urbanization; socio-economic transformation; peri-urban; Hanoi city.

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Ljesevic, Milutin, Milutin Mrksa, and Misko Milanovic. "Environmental aspects of rural development planning." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 91, no. 1 (2011): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1101033l.

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Environment of rural areas is specific. Rural area is different from the city because of the different densities of housing, different economic activities and different social psychological characteristics of the population. In contrast to the urban rural areas are mostly developed elementary, while the city doing different types of urban plans and development. Opinion is that the rural environment and healthier preserved from the city. However, as rising demand for food, so it is coming to an increase of different agro chemicals, additives and hormones. In recent times the current problems of genetically modified agricultural products. Therefore, is control and environmental management has become liabilities.

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Liu, Shaojun, Ling Zhang, Yi Long, Yao Long, and Mianhao Xu. "A New Urban Vitality Analysis and Evaluation Framework Based on Human Activity Modeling Using Multi-Source Big Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110617.

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A quantitative study of urban vitality brings new insights for evaluating the external construction environment and internal development power of cities. However, it still has limited knowledge of the relations between people’s diverse urban life and urban vitality, although urban activities are often used as the proxy for urban vitality. This paper aims to deeply mine the content of urban social life and reveal the driving mechanism of urban vitality after inspecting human activities. We propose a general framework for exploring the spatial pattern and driving mechanism of urban vitality using multi-source big data. It builds a mapping relationship between various urban activities and urban vitality aspects, including economic and social. In addition, the physical environment (static) and human–land interaction (dynamic) indicators are designed to analyze the driving mechanism of urban vitality using the Geographically Weighted Regression model. The results show that the spatial pattern and driving factors of urban vitality are heterogeneous over space regarding both the economic and social aspects of our experimental study. This work provides us with multiple perspectives to understand the connotation of urban vitality and urges us to develop rational strategies to make the city more vital, coordinated, and sustainable.

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Guan, Hai-ling. "Analysis of New Urban Planning Based on Green Ecological Economics." Open House International 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2016-b0018.

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With the development of social economy, the urbanization of the world has presented a new development trend. The green, ecological, and economic city has gradually attracted people's attention. How to plan new cities and towns to coordinate economic development with nature has been the focus of domestic and foreign scholars. Based on this premise, this article elaborates the domestic and foreign research status of ecological city and puts forward a new type of green ecological civilization from the perspective of evolution of civilization. From the perspective of green ecological economy, the evolution of China's urban planning is studied in terms of the urban and rural areas, nature, pollution, industry, culture, and other aspects. To accumulate experience, green ecological planning in New York is also analyzed at multiple levels, such as urban expansion, energy, and urban water use. According to the development of our country in the past 30 years, the development strategy of urbanization suitable to China's national conditions is introduced on the basis of ecological economy. From the perspective of green ecological planning and economy, practice has proved that new urban planning is able to promote the establishment of a resource-saving society, to enhance the coordinated development of the population, resources, environment, and economy, and to comprehensively improve people's quality of life.

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Szumigała, Paweł, and Karolina Szumigała. "Urban Farming – The Ecological, Spatial and Social Factors of Urban Landscape Transformation." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2018-0016.

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AbstractSubject and purpose of work: The subject of the study is urban farming and examples of urban gardens built in selected cities in North America and Europe. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of urban farming on urban landscape. Materials and methods: A case study - analysis of the ecological, spatial and social aspects of selected examples. Results: The idea of urban farming is gaining popularity and every year there are more urban gardens in cities in North America and Europe. There are several dozen urban gardens in Poland. Their structure is diversified so as to meet the needs of local communities. The character and scale of urban farming is diversified. These gardens satisfy aesthetic, scenic, ecological, social and even economic needs of small communities. They enrich the urban landscape with new, seasonally changeable enclaves of utility and aesthetic greenery. Conclusions: Urban farming is an ecological, social and spatial factor and a favourable alternative to urban landscape transformations. The development of urban farming should be successively supported by local authorities.

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Krunic, Nikola, Aleksandra Gajic, Danijela Srnic, and Dragutin Tosic. "Spatial aspects of demographic processes in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 56, no. 2 (2018): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1802023k.

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Changes in the trends, distribution and structures of the population identified through censuses (such as the changes in total population, gender, educational, age and other structures) are crucial for understanding spatial phenomena and processes like urbanization. Numerous urban geography studies researching the development of systems of settlements in former Yugoslavia, which carried on in Serbia, were the foundation for a singular theoretical and methodological framework for researching spatial phenomena and processes focused precisely on the understanding of dynamic changes in the structures of the population and their territorial manifestation. Other than in scientific research, this approach found direct application in spatial and urban planning, when defining the measures directing demographic development, arrangement of urban functions, formation of a system of settlements, planning infrastructure development, etc. More recently, this theoretical and methodological framework was enhanced using GIS technologies, which allow for the integration of spatial and statistical data and provide for a powerful analytical tool. Data integration has spurred new research on the correlation between demographic and spatial phenomena and the mutual relationships and influences between spatial and demographic development. This paper presents an overview of existing research on the mutual influence between population development trends and spatial changes manifest through the fluctuations in the intensity of built-up areas, population density, infrastructure development, etc. A model of population distribution was created by using selected census statistical data and correlating them with phenomena in actual geospace. Emphasis is placed on the significance of using this and similar models in further research on the population?s impact on the environment, directing economic development, protection in emergency situations, and numerous other areas.

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Bagnoli, Franco, Ada Baldi, Ugo Bardi, Marina Clauser, Anna Lenzi, Simone Orlandini, and Giovanna Pacini. "Urban Gardening in Florence and Prato: How a Science Shop Project Proposed by Citizens Has Grown into a Multi-Disciplinary Research Subject." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n6p111.

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Urban gardening mainly means growing edible vegetables in a town. This practice has been traditionally used for economic reasons (subsistence agriculture), but now it has also acquired educational, nutraceutical, therapeutic and social relevance. The educational aspect of urban gardening has been the subject of a proposal for the newly born Science Shop in Florence (Italy). In the spirit of action-research, in our project we first decided to involve all (or many) potentially interested people. This has brought into light the galaxy of different aspects related to urban gardening and allowed the establishing of promising research lines. We discovered that this is a multi-disciplinary subject that touches themes dealing with agriculture, botany, psychology, chemistry, city planning and politics. We examine here the various aspects of urban gardening in the towns of Florence and Prato, two very different urban environments despite their proximity.

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Hoon Leh, Oliver Ling, Muhammad Hanif Abdul Aziz, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, and Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam. "An Investigation On The Liveability Of Urban Settlement. Case Study: Mandy Villa, Segambut, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926606003.

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Urban areas are the main centres of growth in every country. However, urban areas face challenges such as environmental destruction, social deprivation, insecurity, health problem, and accessibility issue. These problems affect liveability level of the urban settlements. Liveability is influenced by the aspects of physical environment and social. A study had been carried out in Kuala Lumpur city with the Mandy Villa at Segambut as the study area. The purpose of the study is to investigate the liveability level of the study area and the relationship with the urban planning aspects of physical, and social. A questionnaire survey had been carried out. The respondents with different socio-economic background were mostly felt that the study area was liveable. From the relationship analysis by using correlation tests, the study found that some of the physical planning aspects and most of the social aspects were positively and significantly correlated to the liveability level. With the research findings, town planners, developers and government agencies are able to have a better understanding of the physical and social determinants of liveability. However, more future studies should be carried out for different cities and towns to further improve the understanding on the topic of urban liveability.

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Atakara, Cemil, and Gizlem Akyay. "Sustainable Urban Development in the Green City: Kyrenia White Zone." Open House International 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2017-b0013.

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Cities were first formed, they have been developed and advanced together with the development of humanity and technology. The cities in urbanization process have been going through technological, economical, social and cultural changes. These changes have brought along lots of problems affecting the environment humans live in. The environmental pollution caused by increasing population and degeneration of the environmental resources, and the problems caused by local economic and social disorganization have become the basic concerns of this area. The rapid population growth affects also the cities in social, cultural and economic manners. Especially with the increasing number of multi-story structure demolished in acts of urban centers, because of new and larger settlements housing, water, general health conditions, transportation, environmental degeneration, decrease in green fields etc. like these problems have been arose. The physical structure of a city is comprised of its habitants' social, cultural, economic aspects and their interaction with each other. In this study, in Kyrenia White Zone and Environmental Protection Area encountered in the development process like economic, ecological, environmental problems, and the green field areas that being destroyed day by day are analyzing for the city effects. While evaluating this analysis, LEED ND neighborhood scale, which is created for the advancement in urban sustainability and which is one of the environmental-performance certificate and evaluation systems have been preferred. In this study, the green fields, environmental problems, economic and ecological developments of the region were also taken into account. In order to learn the size of the development and problems, 5 regions-including environment protection region-with different aspects were chosen and a survey was conducted.

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Yu, Fei Fei, Yun An Yang, Hui Li, and Fei Xiang. "Sustainable Design on Urban Landscape." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.100.

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Puting forward the idea of sustainable development into the urban landscape design, it can reduce the huge pressure the urban environment suffers from, get ecological, social, economic multiple benefits. Exploring design principles and methods of sustainable landscape from land use, landscape materials, engineering technology, ecological system, maintenance and management of landscape and other aspects, then providing the reference for the healthy development of cities and urban landscape.

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Yarkova, Mikhailovna. "Basic aspects of rural social infrastructure development." International Review, no. 3-4 (2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/intrev2003098y.

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The social infrastructure of rural areas is of particular importance when considering issues of both an economic and social nature. Both production and non-production rural areas necessitate the availability of social facilities. The main purpose of social infrastructure facilities nowadays and in the past of rural and urban areas development is to meet the needs of the population. At the same time, social infrastructure defines the basis for the level and quality of life of civil society. Its condition is an indicator of the territorial development and provides opportunities for innovative development and investment attraction. For many years now, the rural social infrastructure has been in poor condition in Russia. Problems are observed in the living conditions of citizens, in elements of residential properties improvement, undeveloped system of medical and educational services, unavailability of cultural and leisure facilities, and so on. Due to such a negative state of the rural social sphere, problems arise with the demographic situation and the production sphere in terms of the inability to attract highly qualified personnel. The Program for the Sustainable Development of Rural Territories developed by the Government of Russia holds back the general, intensively negative situation, and is fundamentally changing it in some regions of the country. The paper presents the results of the implementation of the main Program directions and gives some recommendations on its further implementation and development of the rural social infrastructure.

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Kmak, Małgorzata. "Social Trust as a Development Factor – Selected Aspects." Studia Humana 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2021-0009.

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Abstract The aim of the article is to present selected relationships between social trust and the development of a territorial unit. Social trust affects the level of cooperation in society and decides about the competitiveness of a territorial unit [12, p. 7]. The main thesis of the article is the author’s conviction that there is a significant correlation between social trust and the activity of citizens, the consequence of which is the development of territorial units. This relationship applies to different categories of units, the article mainly focuses on municipal units. The conclusions presented are a consequence of the analysis of information sources and surveys carried out in three cities: Cracow, Helsinki and Valletta. The socio-economic situation of Poland, Finland and Malta is varied, also due to historical and political conditions. Social trust in these cities depends on different factors. Everywhere, however, significantly affects the direction of urban development, accelerating and stabilising it. Trust is a component of social capital, which translates into the ability to build an innovative and modern economy. In countries where citizens trust each other, a sense of security increases which significantly affects well-being.

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Gajić, Ranka. "Sustainable urban land use: Definition, theoretical basis and review of morphology aspect concepts." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 1, no. 2 (2009): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj0902153g.

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The topic of sustainable urban land use compared to the world theory and practice has almost not been elaborated by the professionals in Serbia. This paper's starting point is that it is important to analyze and apply this topic, not only for the master plan level but also for the more detailed levels of planning and for smaller spatial entities/complexes in the cities, focusing on the morphological implications of sustainable urban land use as the topic relevant from the architect/urban planner point of view. After the definition of the notion of sustainable urban land use and the theoretical basis has been defined in the introductory explications, followed by a brief review of that topic's presence in Serbia, the point of view has been explained - namely, focusing on one single aspect (morphology) followed by a review of relevant criteria of other aspects of sustainable urban land use (economical, ecological and social aspects). The conclusion derived by synthesis represents the recommendation for a possible practice/methodology for planner's approach to the sustainable urban land use from the viewpoint of the morphology aspect.

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WEI, Houkai. "China's Urban Transformation Strategy in New Period." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 01, no. 01 (December 2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748113500036.

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Urban Transformation refers to the significant change and transition in various urban fields and aspects, which is a comprehensive transformation with multi-field, multi-aspect, multi-level and multi-angle. In the past, China's urban development has mostly been on the road of extensive model, characterized by high growth, high consumption, high emission and high expansion. With this development model, some problems have appeared in the process of China's urban development, such as the disorderly and inefficient development, the imbalanced urban-rural and regional development and the unharmonious social development etc.; obviously, this is not sustainable. At present, Chinese cities are in a new stage of accelerated and overall transformation. It is important to quickly accomplish the economic, social and ecological overall transformation, to establish a new mode of scientific development with low consumption, low emission, high efficiency, and harmonious and orderly development, taking the intensive, innovative, integrated, harmonious, green and characteristic development road.

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Park, Yoonkyung, Ananta Man Singh Pradhan, Ungtae Kim, Yun-Tae Kim, and Sangdan Kim. "Development and Application of Urban Landslide Vulnerability Assessment Methodology Reflecting Social and Economic Variables." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4572498.

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An urban landslide vulnerability assessment methodology is proposed with major focus on considering urban social and economic aspects. The proposed methodology was developed based on the landslide susceptibility maps that Korean Forest Service utilizes to identify landslide source areas. Frist, debris flows are propagated to urban areas from such source areas by Flow-R (flow path assessment of gravitational hazards at a regional scale), and then urban vulnerability is assessed by two categories: physical and socioeconomic aspect. The physical vulnerability is related to buildings that can be impacted by a landslide event. This study considered two popular building structure types, reinforced-concrete frame and nonreinforced-concrete frame, to assess the physical vulnerability. The socioeconomic vulnerability is considered a function of the resistant levels of the vulnerable people, trigger factor of secondary damage, and preparedness level of the local government. An index-based model is developed to evaluate the life and indirect damage under landslide as well as the resilience ability against disasters. To illustrate the validity of the proposed methodology, physical and socioeconomic vulnerability levels are analyzed for Seoul, Korea, using the suggested approach. The general trend found in this study indicates that the higher population density areas under a weaker fiscal condition that are located at the downstream of mountainous areas are more vulnerable than the areas in opposite conditions.

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Widhyharto, Derajad Sulistyo, Desi Rahmawati, and Norin Mustika Rahadiri Abheseka. "Silent Political Apathy in Urban Society: The Case of Medan 2018 Election." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 24, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.51724.

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Studies on non-voting behavior and which depart from social perspectives have long been stagnated due to the dominance of analysis that puts systems, institutionalization, political mechanisms and participation as the main viewpoints of the studies. This study using social perspectives is useful to explain why voters were not present at polling stations during the Medan 2018 Election. It elaborates the social aspects that influenced non-voting behavior in the urban area of Medan in North Sumatra, Indonesia during the 2018 gubernatorial election. Utilizing mix- method strategies, instead of citing social aspects as a mere research context, this article argues that social aspects in the form of social cleavages worked behind the silent apathy, namely apathy that was implicitly indicated by voters who were not present at polling stations. Social cleavages including ethnicity, religion and gender indicated a paradox since they—with the exception of gender—were used by candidates as the main campaign substance. On the other hand, large numbers of people showed disinterest in these social cleavages during the election. This article explains why abstained voters hid their disinterest behind their excuses for not being present at the polling stations for economic (working activities) and other reasons.

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Kellett, Peter, and Wendy Bishop. "Reinforcing Traditional Values: Social, Spatial and Economic Interactions in an Indonesian Kampung." Open House International 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2006-b0008.

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Traditional environments consist not only of physical buildings and spaces but also the people and their activities which take place within them. This paper examines some aspects of the interrelationship between people and places. Traditional social values are believed to be undermined by the harsh imperatives of survival in the expanding urban areas of the developing world. The collaborative nature of many rural societies can be contrasted with the hard, individualistic and competitive character of life in developing cities. Unregulated, urban, economic processes in particular are assumed to be antagonistic towards gemeinschaft ideals because the logic of the market has little respect for non-monetary values. However one of the key characteristics of many informal economies is the ability of participants to draw creatively and flexibly on all potential resources: human, material and spatial. This is particularly evident in households and settlements where a significant proportion of the economic activity is within micro scale, home-based enterprises (HBEs). By blurring and re-configuring the spatial and conceptual boundaries between work and home, between production and reproduction, many households are able to generate income to sustain themselves. Intrinsic to these processes are the linkages and exchanges between neighbours and residents, many of which are based on cultural and religious value systems which can be supportive of the economic activities taking place. This paper will explore aspects of the interrelationship between economic and social processes through the use of empirical data collected during periods of participant observation in a consolidated informal urban settlement (kampung) in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. Detailed household case studies will be used to illustrate how income generation activities are embedded within social networks and how in many cases traditional collaborative cultural values directly reinforce economic production. This is echoed in the use of space, particularly the overlapping and shared use of streets and alleyways. The paper concludes that despite severe economic constraints many traditional values facilitate survival in times of crisis and can be conducive to longer term sustainability.

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Zanzi, Ambrogio, Valentina Vaglia, Roberto Spigarolo, and Stefano Bocchi. "Assessing Agri-Food Start-Ups Sustainability in Peri-Urban Agriculture Context." Land 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040384.

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Latest international directives indicate the need for sustainable development, linking socio-economic and environmental aspects, to reach the goals set by Agenda 2030. In this context, peri-urban agriculture can represent the opportunity to increase cities’ sustainability, improving their liveability level, fulfilling a crucial social part since it assures new sources of job opportunities and territorial requalification. This study presents a peri-urban requalification experience, conducted in Milan, Italy, where, within the European funded project OpenAgri, eight agri-food start-ups began their activities in a peri-urban area at the southern gates of the city. The study aims to assess and evaluate these start-ups’ sustainability using the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems (SAFA), which considers four sustainability pillars: Good governance, economic resilience, environmental integrity and social well-being. The application of SAFA indicators to the eight start-ups revealed their positive aspects and some limitations, typical of some not structured enterprises. The research describes a scalable and replicable example of peri-urban agriculture’s potentiality in solving environmental, social and economic issues and tests FAO’s SAFA framework, which is still unexplored in this sustainability assessment context.

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Lez’er, Viktoria, Nina Semerianova, Anna Kopytova, and Yuri Truntsevsky. "Youth entrepreneurship as a basis for sustainable urban development: social and legal aspect." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002093.

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Young people involved in entrepreneurial activities play an important socio-economic role. This fact is recognized by the state; therefore, youth entrepreneurship is defined as one of the priority directions of youth policy in Russia. The younger generation contributes to the rapid development of small and medium-sized businesses, formation of a sustainable middle class, creation of new jobs and reduction of unemployment, which has a beneficial effect on the economy of the state as a whole. However, at present, there is a decrease in the interest of young people to participate in entrepreneurial activities, this fact has determined the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of youth participation in entrepreneurial activities in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area - Ugra. For successful development of youth entrepreneurship in Russia, it is necessary to conduct a single comprehensive study of this institution by the efforts of various branches of science - sociology, economics, law, etc., taking into account geographical and national characteristics of development of territories, their budgets and state of finances.

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Salcedo Muñoz, Virgilio Eduardo, Ximena Alexandra Peña Neira, Carlos Moreno Loayza, and Luis Octavio Señalin Morales. "Responsabilidad social empresarial en el transporte público urbano de la Ciudad de Machala - Ecuador." ECA Sinergia 10, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/eca_sinergia.v10i3.1629.

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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el fin de determinar el grado de cumplimiento de la responsabilidad social empresarial en las empresas de transporte público urbano de la ciudad de Machala, el cual está enfocado en tres aspectos primordiales: relación con trabajadores, el cuidado del medio ambiente, y servicio a usuarios. Se aplicó un tipo de investigación descriptivo seccional mediante aplicación de 102 encuestas aleatorias a los socios activos de las cooperativas existentes en la ciudad de Machala que brindan el servicio de movilidad dentro del cantón. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la aplicación de los principios de Responsabilidad Social en este importante sector económico aun es deficiente. Palabras clave: responsabilidad social empresarial – Cooperativismo – Grupos de interés, transporte público, transporte urbano ABSTRACT The present research work has the purpose of determining the degree of compliance of Corporate Social Responsibility in the urban public transport companies of the City of Machala, which is focused on three fundamental aspects: relationship with workers, care of the environment , and service to users. A type of descriptive sectional research was applied by applying 102 random surveys to the active members of the existing cooperatives in the city of Machala that provide the mobility service within the canton. The results obtained indicate that the application of the principles of Social Responsibility in this important economic sector is still deficient. Key words: corporate Social Responsibility - Cooperativism – Stakeholders, public transport, urban transport

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Sekhani, Richa, Deepanshu Mohan, and Sneha Roy. "Inclusive Urban Eco-systems." Asian Journal of Social Science 47, no. 4-5 (November 19, 2019): 581–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04704008.

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Abstract Informality, associated with street vendors, is now seen as a generalised mode of metropolitan urbanisation. Street vendors form an important part of several economies around the world and are seen as a vital source of livelihood and employment opportunity for the low-skilled, lower-income class of the population. A closer understanding of profiles of street vendors and the nature of complexities present in the business of street vending—studied through the supply chain processes of product procurement and distribution—helps one in observing an entwined relationship between what are perceived as “informal” or “formal” in the urban ecosystem. This study on street vendors working across Kolkata emphasises the need to adopt an inclusive view to urban “informal” arrangements, providing a comprehensive picture in identified local market spaces. Our research focuses on two critical aspects: (a) capturing samples of oral account(s) from merchants/vendors operating in local markets across Kolkata, and (b) gauging the supply-chain (inventory) process of products procured and sold by street vendors in these markets. The observations made from the field help highlight the complexities present in studying urban supply-chain processes—especially street vending businesses—that form the core of most urban metropolises in cities (such as Kolkata) and are representative of the Global South.

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Abdul-Hameed, Huda Adel, and Osamah Abdulmunem Al-Temeemi. "Sustainable tourism in urban heritage places – Al-Qishlaq as a case study." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.011.

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Tourism is an economic aspect and a real engine of development in many countries. The importance of this aspect lies in the development of various sectors starting with architecture, urban development, as well as its contribution to the balance of performance and job creation, and its positive impact on the other sectors of the industry and trade in general, and architecture in particular. Architecture forms the physical and cultural dimension of tourism, all tourist activities are held in architectural facilities and many of the architectural facilities have become important tourist attractions. This creates a positive correlation between economic, social, urban development and the preservation of resources including the cultural heritage, especially those related to architectural heritage and traditional urban figures. Where sustainable tourism can be viewed as an industry that fulfills the functional need of the tourist without prejudice the location which to be invested, especially when the site has a historical or cultural significance or even the collective memory of the community. Therefore, the research problem focused on the knowledge deficit in studying the aspects of sustainable development and its role in tourism and its mutual effects on the urban heritage of cities in terms of their points of view and indicators and how to deal with them in order to achieve sustainable tourism for those places, If we consider sustainability is the environmentally conscious in tourism and architecture. The aim of this research is to draw the aspects of sustainable tourism in all its intellectual and applied dimensions and their impact on the urban heritage sites in order to promote these places to achieve the highest possible efficiency for sustainable tourism in the long term, with regard to their developments and their various impacts (social, environmental and economic) on those places.

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Shevchenko, Hanna, Mykola Petrushenko, Borys Burkynskyi, Nina Khumarova, and Yulia Opanasiuk. "Management of wellness and recreation in urban agglomerations." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(1).2020.20.

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The wellness and recreation situation in its complexity does not significantly differ from other socio-economic problems of urban agglomerations in Ukraine and needs to be addressed in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially in improving public well-being and health. The purpose of this article is to identify the relationship between health improvement, recreation and tourism, displayed in the management structure of the urban agglomeration, and the social, environmental and economic state of wellness and recreation. The relationship is determined by the index method/geometric mean of relevant relative indices (inclusion, experience economy, health improvement with rest, recovery function of leisure, wellness and recreation ecology) with the 2009–2018 dynamics by regions with the largest urban agglomerations of Ukraine. The analysis of management structures of the Dnipro, Kyiv, Odesa and Kharkiv executive bodies reveals special aspects in reflecting the wellness and recreation functions, including tourism and urban ecology. Based on the comparison of rating analyses, it is justified whether wellness and recreation reflected in the structure of urban agglomeration management meets its social, environmental and economic health. Comparison results for the relative indices of wellness and recreation in urban agglomerations and regions of Ukraine by economic (income level, directing additional funds for recreation), social (health, no impact of diseases on performance) or environmental (air pollution per person) factors, as well as altogether (comparison of integral indicators), are the basis for smoothing the situation with wellness and recreation in the country according to the inclusive sustainable development principle. AcknowledgmentThe article contains the results of research conducted under the President of Ukraine’s grant for competitive projects (0119U103141).

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Tavakoli, Davood Baradaran, Maryam Tafrishi, and Ehsan Abbaspour. "Criteria and Factors Affecting Sustainable Housing Design in Iran." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n3p194.

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Since the beginning of human life, housing problems are the most important matters of his life and with the expansion of urban life, importance in terms of the needs of mental, psychological and physical users has been doubled. The housing subject has been always interest to architects from various aspects and attempts made to improve affordable housing, attempts to improve relations or social housing, or seek to identify and develop the cultural origins, economics, management and other macro policies. On the other hand due to the growing population and consequently expand need to housing, and also identifying of residential needs of people in different dimensions necessity of this research is doubled. This study assuming more than half of the land in our cities is devoted to residential use and also lack of attention to sustainable development in the Residential Buildings the purpose of this study sustainable urban development and the achievement of sustainable affordable housin pattern.This study focuse on descriptive- analytical and based on library research seeks to answer this question: What are the criteria for designing sustainable housing in Iran? Thus, after the introduction, do analysis and commentary related content. Conclusion suggest that in addition to aspects of sustainability (economic, social and environmental), factors such as social, cultural and attention to the flexibility according to Iranian households, design sustainable housing should be considered.

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Rusta, Ana. "City: Melting Locus and Cross-Cultural Difference Versus Rural (The Case of Tirana after the 90s)." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, s2 (July 1, 2017): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0037.

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Abstract After the 1990s, with the recognition of a number of rights denied during the communist regime, such as free movement, there was a large movement of internal migration from rural areas to large urban areas, especially towards the city of Tirana. A number of factors, mainly economic and social factors, favored this massive population movement from rural areas to urban areas. Almost complete disintegration of the economic base in rural areas, as well as infrastructure shortages, have pushed large numbers of population into urban areas, especially towards the periphery, across migration flows. On the other hand, enormous rural migration not only redefined the physical boundaries of the city but also produced new social and economic forms. As a result of interaction and confrontation of the social and cultural mentalities between rural and urban population (the case of Tirana) emerged several phenomena that created a clear demarcation area under the cultural and social aspects, as well as semi-rural or semiurban hybrid interaction. In this perspective, this essay attempts to use a multidisciplinary approach to explain the general factors of this massive internal migration but also some aspects of the newly-formed landscape of social and cultural mentalities after this migration. As a result of this cultural interaction, we attempt to understand the reality of various subcultures in the city of Tirana and social behaviors in order to clarify the effects of this process regarding the dilemma on the ruralization of the urban or urbanization of the rural population.

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Braun, Boris, Jürgen Oßenbrügge, and Christian Schulz. "Environmental economic geography and environmental inequality: challenges and new research prospects." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 62, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2018-0001.

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Abstract The environmental dimension and sustainability-related issues have increasingly gained momentum in Economic Geography. This paper argues that integrating the inequality perspective into Environmental Economic Geography (EEG) and trying to disentangle the manifold interrelationships between economic, social, and environmental disadvantage could be worthwhile efforts. Based on three case studies – the debate on urban environmental justice in German cities, the spread of alternative food systems and food-sharing initiatives in Germany, and the socially selective migration in hazard prone areas in rural coastal Bangladesh – we demonstrate that aspects of social inequality indeed matter for EEG thinking.

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Williams, Gwyndaf. "Local governance and urban prospects: The potential of City Pride." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 10, no. 2 (August 1995): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690949508726270.

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Outline The recent re-alignment of urban policy, involving the promotion of a diversity of public-private partnerships, a fostering of local business elites, and the increasing importance of city marketing and image reconstruction, all point in the direction of a "new localism" in urban regeneration. Focusing on the potential of the recent City Pride initiative in building up consensual and holistic "visions" of Britain's main cities, the following set of papers assess the role of the "urban prospectus" in fostering local coalitions and the benefits of mutuality in order to address issues of resource procurement and allocation. The potential of this new approach for targeting large-scale programme and project investment in the local economy, infrastructural priorities and aspects of social cohesion are all considered by the contributing authors, who look specifically at recent developments in London, Manchester and Birmingham.

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Wichowska, Anna. "Economic Aspects of Shrinking Cities in Poland in the Context of Regional Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063104.

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Two trends are observed in contemporary cities around the world: whereas some urban areas develop rapidly and experience population growth, a steady population decline is noted in other cities. Demographic changes in urban areas are also accompanied by economic changes. These changes constitute a very serious challenge for sustainable regional growth. However, these problems have not been sufficiently investigated to date, including in Poland. The aim of this study was to identify shrinking cities in Poland and the phenomena that are related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage in Poland. Empirical research relied on analysis of the population growth rate in Polish urban municipalities, and the phenomena related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage were identified by multiple linear regression analysis. The period of research was 2003–2019. Thirty-three Polish cities experienced a steady population decline. The economic phenomena related to urban shrinkage included changes in own-source revenues, proportions of government transfers in municipal budgets, unemployment, migration, municipal spending on education, transport, communications, and social welfare. Population decline was not related to changes in the age-dependency ratio, public spending on housing, the number of companies, or the number of vacant homes in cities. The research results can be a source of important information for regional sustainable growth policies used not only in cities and regions in Poland, but also in other Central and Eastern European countries where this phenomenon occurs.

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Lv, Jing, and Wen Jing Chen. "The Evolution Research of Urban Morphology of the Changbai Mountains Surrounding Cities - Illustrated by the Case of Four Typical Cities in Jilin Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.204.

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This article sort out and research the urban morphology of the surrounding area of Changbai Mountain, the paper selected four typical cities in Jilin Province: Dunhua, Tonghua, Jiaohe, Huadian, analyze the Changbai Mountains surrounding urban morphology development models from the historical, economic, social, geography and spatial morphology aspects, and give specific improvement measures to the development and construction of the surrounding urban morphology layout in the future.

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Mijatovic, Bosko. "Economic and financial aspects of Serbia's regionalization." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 112-113 (2002): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0213069m.

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The paper has two parts: in the first one, economic aspect of regionalization is considered, in the second a financial one. Regionalization, like every type of decentralization, represents a serious reform of a state and brings upon several expected as well as unexpected although significant effects on political, social, and economic life. Its goal is an improvement of political, social, and economic functions of a state, not their deterioration. Unfortunately, experience of other countries does not support overwhelming optimism. Most frequently, regionalization is done due to political considerations; economic considerations are of secondary importance or even neglected. Such a dominance of political reasoning neglects fundamental principles and arguments of the economic science, standards of rational approach to decentralization, and even economic efficiency and equality between citizens. Because of that, the emphasis in this paper is on economic and financial aspects of regionalization in Serbia. In the first part the author explores economic aspects of regionalization; four state functions (regulation, stabilization, redistribution, and allocation) in decentralized setting; relations between regionalization, deregulation, and privatization; vertical distribution of functions (exclusive functions by the state, exclusive functions by regions, shared functions). After that he explores advantages of the selected model of creating regions and distribution of authorities in Serbia, particularly economic authorities of regions (1. land planning, urban land use, housing; 2. development and maintenance of infrastructure of regional importance and coordination of public utilities in municipalities; 3. agriculture; 4. tourism; 5. forestry 6. hunting and fishing; 7. vocational training and employment; 8. ecology; 9. public works). Separate section is devoted to social protection (financial transfers and institutions). In the second part of the paper (Financing the Regions) the author first examines certain issues in principle (fiscal revenues, vertical and horizontal balance, debts and moral hazard) and then considers topics of financing regions in Serbia, such as revenues subsidies, and debts.

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Othman, Noriah, Rabiatul Adawiyah Latip, Mohd Hisham Ariffin, and Noralizawati Mohamed. "Community Expectancy in Urban Farming Participation." Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, no. 13 (August 25, 2018): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i13.157.

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Urban farming is seen as a sustainable practice with the social, economic and urban environment benefits. Despite the efforts by the government, there is lack of public participation in urban farming activities and challenges in sustaining urban farming participants’ interest. The study is aimed at measuring urban farming participation motivations using the Expectancy Theory of Motivation which is made up of three aspects; namely expectancy, instrumentality and valence. This paper describes the findings regarding the expectancy aspect of motivation (measured by using Expectancy theory) in urban farming activity in Malaysia.Keywords: Expectancy, Urban farming, Motivational factor, Sustainable practice.eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i13.157

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Bakos, Daniela Schneider, and Christian Haag Kristensen. "Supervising Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Practitioners in Urban Brazil." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 27, no. 1 (2013): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.27.1.42.

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There is growing interest in the study of supervision as a core aspect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) learning and practice. Standard models of CBT supervision generally contain some components of the following structure: teaching therapist conceptualization skills, interpersonal processes to build a collaborative therapeutic relationship, clinical procedures, and treatment protocols presenting specific procedures for particular problems. As is true for CBT practice, supervision is affected by the cultural context, including macrostructures (e.g., social and economic aspects) and microstructures (e.g., the institution where training is provided). The main goals of this article are (a) to review some of the key elements in clinical supervision of CBT practitioners, (b) to postulate sources of cultural variation that may affect CBT supervision in Brazil, and (c) to illustrate differences between CBT supervision models proposed in the literature and the practice of supervision carried out in Brazil.

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Stobart, Jon. "Regions, Localities, and Industrialisation: Evidence from the East Midlands Circa 1780 – 1840." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, no. 7 (July 2001): 1305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a33221.

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Regions form one of the fundamental categories of geographical thought and analysis and yet are far from being fixed spatial entities. Analysis of the East Midlands in the 19th century highlights three important aspects of regional development. The first aspect is that causality was not unilinear. Industrialisation reinforced strong local specialisms and allegiances rather than generating the wider integrated regional economies and identities seen in other industrialising areas. The second aspect is the importance of scale. There was no preordained size for a region: coherent economic and cultural units in the East Midlands operated at a more localised level. The third aspect is the significance of temporal continuity, seen in the persistent centring of economy, social cohesion, and identity onto established urban centres, despite the coalescing forces unleashed by industrial and technological change.

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Qi, Ziwei. "An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges." Migration Letters 16, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182//ml.v16i2.664.

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The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.

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