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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Buliung, Ron, and Tony Hernandez. "Retail Development in Urban Canada." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013010103.

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During the last decade, rapid changes have occurred in the retail economy of North America that has brought about a functional transformation of retailing. Using data from a longitudinal database of commercial activity, this paper explores spatio-temporal patterns of retail development within Canada’s largest metropolitan region, the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The paper provides an overview of the evolution of retailing in Canada and spatio-temporal analysis of the developing retail structure of the GTA. The work is situated within the branch of spatial statistics concerned with the description of spatial point processes. Bivariate kernel estimation and the G function are used to describe spatial patterns of retailing over time and by retail format type. The results highlight the wave of power centre retailing that swept across the GTA between 1996 and 2005. The paper concludes with a discussion of the gap between policy and planning and an emerging retail reality.

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2

Burant, Jim. "Visual Records and Urban Development." Research Notes 12, no. 3 (October 21, 2013): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018942ar.

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This article describes the history and the holdings of the Picture Division of the Public Archives of Canada, with especial reference to their use as documents in the history of Canada. Visual records are often the most abused and misunderstood of all archival documents because researchers do not attempt to learn more about the context of their creation or their creators. Various examples are cited to buttress this contention, and attention is paid to some books where visual records form an integral part of the subject posited. A brief listing of useful resource publications in the study of Canadian visual records are given, as well as an explanation of how to gain access to the Picture Division's collections.

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3

Doberstein, Carey. "Institutional Creation and Death: Urban Development Agreements in Canada." Journal of Urban Affairs 33, no. 5 (December 2011): 529–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2011.00566.x.

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4

Hernandez, Tony, and Magnus Svindal. "Emerging Retail Strategies in Urban Canada." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 1, no. 2 (April 2010): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2010020902.

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In this article, the authors examine the spatial distribution of major retail chains across Canada. Using store location data for 2001 and 2006, the geospatial approach adopted in this study allows for the analysis of retail chains’ store portfolios by the size of the resident population of the ‘markets’ within which they operate. The analysis presented highlights the dominance of chain locations within and proximal to Canada’s major urban markets and provides further evidence of increasing interest amongst a number of major chains in ‘small town’ (or ‘C’) markets. It points to a future in which these smaller markets will become more competitive with an increased presence of major retail chains. The findings reported can be seen as the locational imprint of the processes of corporate concentration taking place across Canada, fuelled by the interplay of increased competition, concerns over market saturation and the need to sustain growth.

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5

Kolomechiuk, Vladyslav. "PRIORITIES OF CANADA URBAN DEVELOPMENT: FROM SUSTAINABLE TO SMART CITIES." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9942.

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The article deals with the priorities and dynamics of the Canada urban development and describes the sustainable cities evolution. The purpose of the work is to compare the main achievements in the implementation of sustainable cities in Canada and to outline the problems and prospects of the formation of smart cities. To date smart cities is also an innovative system, where technologies are used to improve the relationship between citizens and their governments and provide social innovation and improve quality of life. A sustainable and smart cities is a place where citizens work with local authorities to improve service delivery, develop community initiatives and create solutions to improve quality of life. In this context, it is important to analyze the current policy of sustainable urban development in Canada in order to identify problem points and formulate recommendations for further de-velopment.

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6

Colgan, Charles S. ""Sustainable Development" and Economic Development Policy: Lessons from Canada." Economic Development Quarterly 11, no. 2 (May 1997): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249701100202.

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7

Bloomfield, Elizabeth. "Boards of Trade and Canadian Urban Development." Research Notes 12, no. 2 (October 23, 2013): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018959ar.

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Boards of trade or chambers of commerce were formed in over 600 Canadian communities between the 1840s and 1950. The key role of these associations of businessmen has been demonstrated or suggested in many studies of particular urban centres. This paper offers a more general overview, summarizing the federal legislation and the patterns of incorporation across Canada and outlining the significance of boards of trade as city-building agencies.

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8

Hum, Derek, and Paul Phillips. "Growth, Trade, and Urban Development of Staple Regions." Articles 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019095ar.

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Certain themes in historical and contemporary studies of the economic development of Canada remain important. Among these are the staple approach to interpreting Canadian economic development, the notion of Canada as a collection of regional economies, and the distinction between metropolis and hinterland. These themes are both fundamental and interrelated; indeed, they are manifestations of a common process — that of a resource-dependent economic expansion. This paper relates the urbanization and development of staple regions to such determinants as trade, growth, and economic structure. We integrate the metropolis-hinterland framework within the broader staple approach and provide a synthesis of various aspects of economic theory, particularly trade and economic structure, export-led growth of a small, open economy, and the disequilibrium dynamics of urban development — all reinterpreted within the special context of the staple economy. While our major aim is to provide a formal synthesis of the staple approach and urban development, ultimately for policy guidance, references to Canadian economic and historical development are made throughout.

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9

Coffey, William J., and Richard G. Shearmur. "EMPLOYMENT GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN URBAN CANADA, 1971–1991." Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies 10, no. 1 (March 1998): 60–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-940x.1998.tb00088.x.

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10

Yeates, Maurice. "THE CORE/PERIPHERY MODEL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL CANADA." Urban Geography 6, no. 2 (April 1985): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.6.2.101.

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11

Marshall, Sheila K., Richard A. Young, Alison Stevens, Wayne Spence, Stewart Deyell, Adam Easterbrook, and Martin Brokenleg. "Adolescent Career Development in Urban-Residing Aboriginal Families in Canada." Career Development Quarterly 59, no. 6 (December 2011): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2011.tb00975.x.

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12

Pratt, Geraldine. "Housing Tenure and Social Cleavages in Urban Canada." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 76, no. 3 (September 1986): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1986.tb00125.x.

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13

Bharadwaj, Lalita, and Ray Machibroda. "Human Health Risk Assessment Approach for Urban Park Development." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 59, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-59-2008-1882.

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Human Health Risk Assessment Approach for Urban Park DevelopmentA Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) was undertaken for a proposed park development "River Landing", to be constructed along the north bank of the South Saskatchewan River in the City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The purpose of the HHRA was to determine whether chemical constituents identified at the site, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), and toxic and heavy metals, would adversely affect the health of construction workers and potential park users. Although more traditional remediation options were considered, the risk assessment approach was chosen since it represented the best available technology. The HHRA was undertaken using protocols and methodologies proposed and readily accepted by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), Health Canada, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Results of the risk assessment revealed that the magnitude and distribution of the chemicals at the site were such that extensive remediation was not required, and that the site could be developed without any significant restrictions on the proposed use. The assessment revealed that potential exposure to soil constituents would not result in adverse health risk to construction workers involved in park development or future park users.

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14

Kim, Sukkoo, and Marc T. Law. "Political Centralization, Federalism, and Urban Development: Evidence from US and Canadian Capital Cities." Social Science History 40, no. 1 (2016): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.83.

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A growing empirical literature links political centralization with urban development. In this paper we present evidence showing how different patterns of political centralization in the United States and Canada affected urban agglomeration during the twentieth century, with a specific focus on the impact on the population of capital cities. Using data on Canadian and US cities and metropolitan areas, we find that the national capital effect on population grew over time in both countries but more so in the United States whereas the subnational (i.e., provincial or state) capital effect rose much more significantly in Canada than in the United States, controlling for other factors like geography and climate. We argue that these patterns in the national and subnational capital city effects reflect different trends in federalism in the two countries. In the United States, the Jeffersonian-Jacksonian tradition of states’ rights and localism was transformed into a more nationally centralized form of federalism during the Progressive Era, but states and localities continued to retain significant autonomy. In Canada, federalism came to favor provincial rights but not localism. We believe that that these diverging trends were driven by institutional differences that gave the various levels of governments in Canada and the United States different access to revenue sources.

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15

Harris, Richard. "A social movement in urban politics: a reinterpretation of urban reform in Canada." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 11, no. 3 (September 1987): 363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1987.tb00055.x.

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16

Armstrong, David A., Jack Lucas, and Zack Taylor. "The Urban-Rural Divide in Canadian Federal Elections, 1896–2019." Canadian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 1 (November 2, 2021): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423921000792.

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Анотація:

AbstractUsing a new measure of urbanity for every federal electoral district in Canada from 1896 to the present, this article describes the long-term development of the urban-rural divide in Canadian federal elections. We focus on three questions: (1) when the urban-rural divide has existed in Canada, identifying three main periods—the 1920s, the 1960s and 1993–present—in which the urban-rural cleavage has been especially important in federal elections; (2) where the urban-rural divide has existed, finding that in the postwar period the urban-rural cleavage is a pan-Canadian phenomenon; and (3) how well urbanity predicts district-level election outcomes. We argue that the urban-rural divide is important for understanding election outcomes during several periods of Canadian political development, and never more so than in recent decades. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for research on urban-rural cleavages, Canadian electoral politics and Canadian political development.

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17

Linovski, Orly, and Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris. "Evolution of Urban Design Plans in the United States and Canada." Journal of Planning Education and Research 33, no. 1 (August 15, 2012): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x12454174.

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18

Cullingworth, J. Barry. "Groping for a national urban policy: The case of Canada." Planning Perspectives 1, no. 2 (May 1986): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665438608725616.

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19

Ferguson, Mark, Hanna Maoh, and Pavlos Kanaroglou. "Simulating Sustainable Urban Gateway Development." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2269, no. 1 (January 2012): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2269-16.

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The term “gateway” refers to a city, or to some transport and logistics-oriented area in a city, that is associated with goods movement in, out, and through the area. Although the definition of a gateway is typically focused on goods movement, a more holistic view is adopted with consideration of the movements of people and the environmental implications of all movements. The relevance of this view is based on the interdependence of commercial and persons mobility, because all moves are happening within the same transport network, and is based on considerations of quality of life in a gateway city. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, was chosen to test these concepts. Hamilton had a suitable geographical location, a busy port, an international airport, good highway and railway access, and an educated labor force. The gateway prospects for Hamilton were given perspective through a study of other prominent gateways that distilled success factors. Analytical work focused on multiregional economic impact modeling to assess the direct and indirect effects of Hamilton's potential evolution as a gateway. Local-level analysis, through integrated urban modeling and simulation of scenarios, stressed the impact of gateway development on commercial goods movement, auto commuting levels, emission levels, and transit ridership. Increased emissions resulting from gateway economic development could be overcome with forward-thinking policy focused on the uncongested movement of goods and people, compact urban form, and enhanced public transit working in concert. The addition of light rail transit in Hamilton and the promotion of a compact urban form would be catalysts for sustainable local gateway development. Finally, gateway-oriented development in Hamilton will cause noticeable regional economic growth. The models that were developed can be calibrated for other cities, given appropriate data.

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20

Muller, Jacob. "Management of Urban Neighborhoods Through Alinsky-Style Organizing: An Illustration from Vancouver, Canada." Community Development Journal 20, no. 2 (1985): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/20.2.106.

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21

Pratt, G. "Housing-Consumption Sectors and Political Response in Urban Canada." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 2 (June 1986): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040165.

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The theory of consumption sectors and the domestic property class model are both examined in terms of their claims about the links between position in the housing market and political alignment. These contradictory claims are then assessed in the Canadian context. It is argued that the theory of consumption sectors, as outlined by Dunleavy, is less helpful in understanding the Canadian situation insofar as one does find a relationship between housing position and political alignment in a situation of largely individualised housing consumption. Further, the concern of homeowners for housing programmes as election issues plays a part in maintaining the objective basis for distinctions between housing tenures, also supporting the domestic property class model.

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22

WOOD, PATRICIA K., and LIETTE GILBERT. "Multiculturalism in Canada: Accidental Discourse, Alternative Vision, Urban Practice." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29, no. 3 (September 2005): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00612.x.

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23

Huang, Haifang, Brad R. Humphreys, and Li Zhou. "Do urban casinos affect nearby neighbourhoods? Evidence from Canada." Papers in Regional Science 97, no. 3 (December 30, 2016): 757–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12277.

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24

Stunden Bower, Shannon. "Tools for Rational Development: The Canada Land Inventory and the Canada Geographic Information System in Mid-twentieth century Canada." Scientia Canadensis 40, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 44–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1048925ar.

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From the 1960s through the 1980s, Canadian scientists, resource managers, and computer experts collaborated on two linked undertakings: the Canada Land Inventory (CLI) and the Canada Geographic Information System. CLI was an extensive project that assessed the state of key resources across much of the country, while CGIS was a pioneering effort at computerizing CLI data to support decision-making about resource use. Fundamental components of the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act, CLI and CGIS reflect Canadian innovation in new information-management tools designed to facilitate state goals. This paper examines the production and affordances of CLI and CGIS, and considers the renewed optimism and collaborative relationships that emerged from them. It also examines historical concerns over the limitations of these technologies and explores how CLI and CGIS were oriented to change over space, not time. Ultimately, these technological innovations served to naturalize patterns of inequality and normalize urban-industrial modernity.

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25

Sinclair, A. John, Jaclyn Diduck, and Peter N. Duinker. "Elicitation of urban forest values from residents of Winnipeg, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 8 (August 2014): 922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0016.

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Trees play pivotal roles in urban ecosystems through reducing temperature, increasing humidity, reducing wind speed, absorbing air pollutants, and reducing carbon dioxide, among other benefits. The urban forest will become increasingly influential through the 21st century. Urban development, however, alters the relationships and interactions between humans and trees, making their management complex. The values held by urbanites about trees in their towns and cities are critical to socially responsive urban forest management. The purpose of our research, therefore, was to determine how residents of the city of Winnipeg value their urban forests. Our data were collected through site tours, participant journals, photo-elicitation, and interviews. The results indicate that the people of Winnipeg feel strongly about trees, and their urban forest values are most often associated with the naturalness of the urban forest as experienced through recreational activities.

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26

Zarifa, David, Brad Seward, and Roger Pizarro Milian. "Location, location, location: Examining the rural-urban skills gap in Canada." Journal of Rural Studies 72 (December 2019): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.10.032.

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27

Hindmarch, Sofi, Elizabeth A. Krebs, John Elliott, and David J. Green. "Urban development reduces fledging success of Barn Owls in British Columbia, Canada." Condor 116, no. 4 (November 2014): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/condor-13-052.1.

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28

Portnov, Boris A. "Urban Clustering, Development Similarity, and Local Growth: A Case Study of Canada." European Planning Studies 14, no. 9 (October 2006): 1287–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654310600933355.

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29

Forward, Charles N. "The Development of Victoria as a Retirement Centre." Research Notes 13, no. 2 (August 23, 2013): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018123ar.

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The significance of Victoria as a retirement location relative to other cities in Canada is the major focus of the article. Census data on the proportion of elderly and middle aged population in Canadian cities is investigated, as well as data on the migration of the elderly. Victoria is compared with other Canadian cities to determine when it became a significant destination for retirement and the degree of distinctiveness it achieved as a retirement centre since that time.

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30

Dalibard, Jacques. "MAIN STREET REVITALIZATION IN CANADA." Australian Planner 28, no. 2 (June 1990): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1990.9657456.

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31

Desbiens, Emelie. "Urban Forestry in Quebec." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1988.007.

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Urban forestry is a reality in the province of Quebec, Canada. Since 1977, several major events have encouraged greater recognition of this discipline in Quebec. For the last few years, the Ministry of the Environment of Quebec has assumed a certain leadership in Urban Forestry by providing substantial assistance. An urban forestry handbook was recently published and is currently distributed to municipalities and other parties involved in urban forestry. An urban forestry assistance program is offered by the Ministry to assist them in the development of municipal urban forestry programs.

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32

Grant, Jill L., and Stephanie Bohdanow. "New urbanism developments in Canada: a survey." Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 1, no. 2 (July 2008): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549170802221435.

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33

Guo, Jiaao, and Victoria Fast. "Growing up, growing out: comparing spatial patterns of urban populations in Canada." Geomatica 73, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-2019-0011.

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Анотація:

The spatial distribution of population and related density characteristics has a significant impact on urban form; a low-density urban form is typically associated with low efficiency of service delivery, poor connectivity between communities, and a high tendency of urban sprawl, whereas higher density urban form is associated with transit-oriented development, efficient service delivery, and lower overall infrastructure costs. However, an urban area is never a homogenous environment. Depending on the general community designs, natural barriers, and massive functional infrastructures (airports, large parks), the urban population be may spread out evenly or condensed into some disjointed, isolated clusters. Given the context that Canadian cities have typically low population densities, their population distributions are subject to high spatial variabilities. We use geographic information system (GIS) techniques and geostatistical approaches (Getis–Ord [Formula: see text] hot spot analysis and HDBSCAN) to visualize and compare sub-municipal level population density of the 10 most populous census subdivisions (CSDs) in Canada. Results reveal both low-density forms and density segmentations in most municipalities, especially those without a natural or political border to constrain growth. Population segmentation is sometimes unsolvable due to natural landscapes or massive infrastructures initially planned by local municipalities; however, segmentations may be mitigated if future growth strategies maximize existing population clusters.

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34

DE SOUSA, CHRISTOPHER A. "Urban brownfields redevelopment in Canada: the role of local government." Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 50, no. 3 (September 2006): 392–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2006.00148.x.

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35

Zelinsb, Wilbur. "Commentary on “Housing Tenure and Social Cleavages in Urban Canada”." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77, no. 4 (December 1987): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00186.x.

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36

Bucerius, Sandra M., Sara K. Thompson, and Luca Berardi. "“They're Colonizing My Neighborhood”: (Perceptions of) Social Mix in Canada." City & Community 16, no. 4 (December 2017): 486–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12263.

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Анотація:

In recent years, urban neighborhoods in many Western nations have undergone neighborhood restructuring initiatives, especially in public housing developments. Regent Park, Canada's oldest and largest public housing development, is a neighborhood currently undergoing ‘neighborhood revitalization’ based on the social mix model. One tenet of this model is the idea that original public housing residents are benefiting from interactions with middle class residents. Based on qualitative interviews and ethnographic observations with original housing residents as well as new middle–class homeowners, we examine whether cross–class interactions actually occur “on the ground” in Regent Park. By examining an iteration of the model that differs with respect to the direction of resident movement—that is, the revitalization of Regent Park involves more advantaged residents buying into the once low–income neighborhood, as opposed to providing lower–income residents with housing vouchers to move out of the community (and into more affluent neighborhoods across the city)—our study provides a unique contribution to the existing research on social mix. In particular, our research examines whether the direction of this resident movement has any distinct or demonstrable impact on: (1) the daily perceptions, attitudes, and actions of original and new residents, and (2) the nature of cross–class interactions. Second, unlike the vast majority of studies done in Europe and the United States, which are conducted “postrevitalization,” we examine the effects of neighborhood revitalization as the process unfolds.

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37

Hori, Hirofumi, Akito Murayama, and Hideki Koizumi. "The urban development approach and the implementation using transfer of development rights in Vancouver, BC, Canada." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 52, no. 3 (October 25, 2017): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.52.617.

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38

Grenier, Marcelle, Nicholas Lantz, François Soulard, and Jennie Wang. "The use of combined Landsat and Radarsat data for urban ecosystem accounting in Canada." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 823–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200663.

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This paper describes an approach for combining Landsat and Radarsat satellite images to generate national statistics for urban ecosystem accounting. These accounts will inform policy related to the development of mitigation measures for climatic and hydrologic events in Canada. Milton, Ontario was used as a test case for the development of an approach identifying urban ecosystem types and assessing change from 2001 to 2019. Methods included decomposition of Radarsat images into polarimetric parameters to test their usefulness in characterizing urban areas. Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) was used to identify urban ecosystem types following an existing classification of local climate zones. Three supervised classifiers: decision tree, random forest and support vector machine, were compared for their accuracy in mapping urban ecosystems. Ancillary geospatial datasets on roads, buildings, and Landsat-based vegetation were used to better characterize individual ecosystem assets. Change detection focused on the occurrence of changes that can impact ecosystem service supply – i.e., conversions from less to more built-up urban types. Results demonstrate that combining Radarsat polarimetric parameters with the Landsat images improved urban characterization using the GEOBIA random forest classifier. This approach for mapping urban ecosystem types provides a practical method for measuring and monitoring changes in urban areas.

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39

Goulet, Sharon, Liza Lorenzetti, Christine A. Walsh, Lana Wells, and Caroline Claussen. "Understanding the Environment: Domestic Violence and Prevention in Urban Aboriginal Communities." First Peoples Child & Family Review 11, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1077489ar.

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Aboriginal women in Canada are at significantly higher risk for spousal violence and spousal homicide than non-Aboriginal women. Although the majority of Aboriginal people in Canada live in urban settings, there is a dearth of literature focusing on the experiences and violence prevention efforts of urban Aboriginal peoples. In order to understand issues relevant to the prevention of domestic violence among this population, we employed Aboriginal community development principles to conduct a scoping review of the relevant literature to explore the meanings and definitions, risk and protective factors, and prevention/intervention strategies within urban Aboriginal communities. Our study underscores that a number of domestic violence risk and protective factors are present in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities. However, the multifaceted impacts of colonization, including residential school trauma is a key factor in understanding domestic violence in urban Aboriginal contexts. The limited available research on this topic highlights the need for Aboriginal-led research directed towards eliminating the legacy of violence for Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

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40

Ma, Lingfei, He Zhao, and Jonathan Li. "EXAMINING URBAN EXPANSION USING MULTI-TEMPORAL LANDSAT IMAGERY: A CASE STUDY OF THE MONTREAL CENSUS METROPOLITAN AREA FROM 1975 TO 2015, CANADA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-965-2016.

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Urban expansion, particularly the movement of residential and commercial land use to sub-urban areas in metropolitan areas, has been considered as a significant signal of regional economic development. In 1970s, the economic centre of Canada moved from Montreal to Toronto. Since some previous research have been focused on the urbanization process in Greater Toronto Area (GTA), it is significant to conduct research in its counterpart. This study evaluates urban expansion process in Montréal census metropolitan area (CMA), Canada, between 1975 and 2015 using satellite images and socio-economic data. Spatial and temporal dynamic information of urbanization process was quantified using Landsat imagery, supervised classification algorithms and the post-classification change detection technique. Accuracy of the Landsat-derived land use classification map ranged from 80% to 97%. The results indicated that continuous growth of built-up areas in the CMA over the study period resulted in a decrease in the area of cultivated land and vegetation. The results showed that urban areas expanded 442 km<sup>2</sup> both along major river systems and lakeshores, as well as expanded from urban centres to surrounded areas. The analysis revealed that urban expansion has been largely driven by population growth and economic development. Consequently, the urban expansion maps produced in this research can assist decision-makers to promote sustainable urban development, and forecast potential changes in urbanization growth patterns.

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41

Buckland, Jerry, and Xiao-Yuan Dong. "Banking on the Margin in Canada." Economic Development Quarterly 22, no. 3 (August 2008): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242408318738.

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42

VAN ROON, MARJORIE. "EMERGING APPROACHES TO URBAN ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT: THE POTENTIAL OF LOW IMPACT URBAN DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 07, no. 01 (March 2005): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333205001943.

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The incorporation of integrated water cycle management into urban design is essential for urban sustainability. This paper provides insight into the evolution of Low Impact Urban Design and Development (LIUDD). It explores changes in urban design and infrastructure that reduce or avoid adverse biophysical effects that have contributed to the decline of aquatic biotic integrity following urban intensification in catchments. Recent practices in Canada, the United States and New Zealand offset receiving water ecosystem degradation by maximising catchment stormwater infiltration at source, contaminant containment and catchment revegetation. Local soil, climate, maturity and density of urban form, and vegetation characteristics determine the balance between infiltration and evapotranspiration in application of techniques. Examples are cited of brownfield stormwater infiltration in the Netherlands (Ruwenbosch, Enschede), neighbourhood containment of water and waste cycles in Germany (Leipzig) and site-specific developments proving the cost-effectiveness of LIUDD. LIUDD, which is evolving from its origins in stormwater management, is making a major contribution to many facets of urban sustainability, including improved urban amenity and recreation, cost-effective infrastructure and biodiversity enhancement.

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43

Cartwright, Lyndsay A., Maja Cvetkovic, Spencer Graham, Douglas Tozer, and Patricia Chow-Fraser. "URBAN: Development of a Citizen Science Biomonitoring Program Based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada." International Journal of Science Education, Part B 5, no. 2 (November 12, 2013): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2013.855353.

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Portnov, Boris A., and Barry Wellar. "Development similarity based on proximity: A case study of urban clusters in Canada*." Papers in Regional Science 83, no. 2 (April 2004): 443–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2004.tb01917.x.

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45

Stott, Greg. "The Development of a Suburban City in the Midst of the Boreal Forest: Thompson, Manitoba, Canada, 1956–19701." Articles 46, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059113ar.

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Thompson, Manitoba, was established in the late 1950s as both a mining community and a service centre for the north. A collaborative project between provincial officials and the International Nickel Company of Canada (INCO), Thompson borrowed heavily from post–Second World War trends in urban and suburban planning and development while grafting these ideas onto the realities of the boreal forest. At the same time, this orderly design was heavily influenced by the area’s First Nations and the newly arrived inhabitants who came from across Canada and much of the world. While not always a seamless or harmonious process, the interactions and agency of these various players shaped Thompson as a centre for mining and services, as well as a diverse and complex community bridging southern trends and northern realities.

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Peters, Evelyn. "Indigeneity and marginalisation: Planning for and with urban Aboriginal communities in Canada." Progress in Planning 63, no. 4 (May 2005): 327–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2005.03.008.

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Watson, Nyeema, and Jennifer Johnson Kebea. "All In: The Urban Mission." Metropolitan Universities 31, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24223.

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The Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities (CUMU) celebrated its 25th annual conference in October 2019. Convening in Philadelphia PA, this conference was the largest for CUMU to date, selling out weeks in advance and drawing representatives from across the United States, Canada, and South Africa. With the theme of “All In: The Urban Mission”, attendees gathered purposefully to examine how universities are striving to intentionally align their goals with the priorities of their host cities to affect desired change, drive economic development and inclusion, and address issues of shared importance.

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Wideman, Trevor James, and Jeffrey R. Masuda. "Assembling “Japantown”? A critical toponymy of urban dispossession in Vancouver, Canada." Urban Geography 39, no. 4 (August 3, 2017): 493–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2017.1360038.

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Goheen, Peter G. "The changing bias of inter-urban communications in nineteenth-century Canada." Journal of Historical Geography 16, no. 2 (April 1990): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(90)90088-s.

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McCann, L. D. "The Myth of the Metropolis: The Role of the City in Canadian Regionalism." Urban History Review 9, no. 3 (November 6, 2013): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019299ar.

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The concept of metropolitanism, long an accepted fact in Canadian life and letters, has assumed the status of a national myth. Canada is no longer a country structured simply as metropolis and hinterland. Resource wealth has fostered sustained hinterland development and created regional metropolitan centres which directly influence the nation's economic, social, and political life. The strength of regional cities today affects both the redirection of national life and the renewed expression of regionalism which currently characterizes Canada.

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