Статті в журналах: "Urban Australia"

1

Newton, Peter. "Urban Australia 2001." Australian Planner 39, no. 1 (January 2002): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2002.9982279.

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2

Moriarty, Patrick. "Urban Australia 2020." AQ: Australian Quarterly 70, no. 6 (1998): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20637778.

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3

Smith, P., B. Maheshwari, and B. Simmons. "Urban water reform in Australia: lessons from 2003–2013." Water Supply 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2014): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.045.

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Extreme rainfall variability, record droughts, floods and high temperatures have had a major impact on social wellbeing, economic productivity and environmental functionality of urban settings in Australia. Compounded by urban growth and ageing water and wastewater infrastructure, Australia's urban water arrangements have undergone major reforms to effectively manage the challenges of recent years. This paper is a synthesis of urban water reform in Australia during a decade of unforeseen natural extremes. It summarises the evolution of urban water policy, outcomes from recent government reforms and investment, and presents future challenges facing the sector. As governments at state and federal levels in Australia have moved to diversify supply options away from the traditional reliance on rainfall-dependent catchment storages, they have been confronted by issues relating to climate uncertainty, planning, regulation, pricing, institutional reforms, and community demands for sustainable supply solutions. Increases in water prices to pay for new water infrastructure are illustrative of further reform pressures in the urban water sector. In the past 10 years the Australian urban water sector has weathered new extremes in drought and flood and emerged far different to its predecessor. The provision of safe, secure, efficient and sustainable water and wastewater services remains the primary driver for urban water reform. However the challenges and opportunities to improve nationally significant social, economic and environmental outcomes from urban water have evolved considerably. The focus now is on creating the institutional, regulatory and market conditions favourable for the integration of urban water services with the objectives for productive and liveable cities.

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4

Siksna, Arnis. "The study of urban form in Australia." Urban Morphology 10, no. 2 (April 11, 2006): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v10i2.3928.

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This paper reviews urban morphological research in Australia, undertaken since the 1960s mainly by urban geographers, urban planners, urban designers and architects. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Australian colonial governments generally prepared plans for towns, and also for rural lands, before allowing settlement to occur. Much of the study of urban form has therefore concerned the initial plans of Australian towns and cities, and how these have influenced the subsequent evolution of country towns, city centres, residential areas, and detailed urban forms. Some broader overviews, theoretical works, and studies in a comparative international context are also discussed.

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5

Dragovich, D. "Weathering rates of marble in urban environments, eastern Australia." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 30, no. 2 (July 9, 1986): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/30/1986/203.

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6

Droege, Peter. "Urban design in Australia." Australian Planner 41, no. 2 (January 2004): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2004.9982338.

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7

Fisher, Daniel T. "An Urban Frontier: Respatializing Government in Remote Northern Australia." Cultural Anthropology 30, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca30.1.08.

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This essay draws on ethnographic research with Aboriginal Australians living in the parks and bush spaces of a Northern Australian city to analyze some new governmental measures by which remoteness comes to irrupt within urban space and to adhere to particular categories of people who live in and move through this space. To address this question in contemporary Northern Australia is also to address the changing character of the Australian government of Aboriginal people as it moves away from issues of redress and justice toward a state of emergency ostensibly built on settler Australian compassion and humanitarian concern. It also means engaging with the mediatization of politics and its relation to the broader, discursive shaping of such spatial categories as remote and urban. I suggest that remoteness forms part of the armory of recent political efforts to reshape Aboriginal policy in Northern Australia. These efforts leverage remoteness to diagnose the ills of contemporary Aboriginal society, while producing remoteness itself as a constitutive feature of urban space.

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8

Hefni, Wildani, Rizqa Ahmadi, and Maslathif Dwi Purnomo. "RELIGIOUS MOBILITY AND IDENTITY IN THE LIVES OF URBAN MUSLIM SOCIETY IN AUSTRALIA: AN ANATOMY OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICE." Akademika : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 27, no. 2 (October 16, 2022): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v27i2.5411.

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This article discusses religious mobility in the lives of urban Muslim society in Australia by investigating organizational projects and religious practices. This paper uses ethnographic fieldwork consisting of in-depth interviews and hang-out in the organization meeting and gatherings among urban Muslim society in Australia. This paper argues that although urban Muslim society in Australia is associated with a Muslim minority, they contribute significantly to the development of Islamic education, Islamic altruism, and spirituality performance. Urban Muslim society in Australia demonstrates social sensitivity by establishing social institutions to show their embodied Muslim identity, such as Islamic Society of Melbourne Eastern Region (ISOMER) in Melbourne, Islamic Science and Research (ISRA) in Sydney, and Australian Sufi Association (ASA). They show their religious mobility as well as their religious practices as part of an agent of social change by promoting community engagement as an embodiment of social solidarity.

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9

Muston, M. H. "Changing of the water recycling paradigm in Australia." Water Supply 12, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.034.

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The development of water recycling schemes in Australia has, in recent years, undergone a maturity characterised by some emerging trends in the paradigm of water reuse and its integration into the overall water supply strategies for large urban and peri-urban areas. This paper looks at case studies within the context of these observed trends and discusses the institutional frameworks as well as some technical aspects of the case studies to illustrate the trends. Comparison is made with some selected international examples to develop a better understanding of these recent Australian developments within the international context. While not a complete inventory of the many recent recycling schemes in Australia, the paper examines these emerging trends within the context of the growing number of larger-scale industrial, agricultural and dual reticulation urban recycled water systems in Australia and the trend to decentralised recycling schemes.

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10

Inglis, Christine. "Australia." Education and Urban Society 18, no. 4 (August 1986): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124586018004004.

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11

Allan, Julie. "URBAN WATER SUPPLY IN AUSTRALIA." Water e-Journal 3, no. 1 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2018.012.

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12

Kalatharan, Lakshana, and Peter Kelley. "Eumycetoma diagnosed in urban Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 212, no. 3 (December 24, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50464.

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13

Tiller, KG. "Urban soil contamination in Australia." Soil Research 30, no. 6 (1992): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920937.

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The current knowledge of the pollution of Australian urban soils was reviewed with special reference to heavy metals. Increased community concern in recent years has resulted m a major upsurge in the investigation and rehabilitation of contaminated soils. This has led to a concomitant reassessment and development of regulatory procedures, and the establishment of some new environmental agencies. This review considers sources and extent of contamination, and approaches to the establishment of reference background levels in urban and rural areas. Assessment of contaminated sites has been largely based on overseas experience but site specific approaches relevant to Australian soils and climates are needed and are being developed by State authorities in collaboration with the Australian and New Zealand Environmental and Conservation Council and the National Health and Medical Research Council. The need for soil-based research and for standardized soil sampling procedures for site evaluation and action is stressed. Many opportunities exist for soil scientists in solving problems of soil contamination and rehabilitation.

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14

Sinnott, Richard O., Christopher Bayliss, Andrew Bromage, Gerson Galang, Guido Grazioli, Philip Greenwood, Angus Macaulay, et al. "The Australia urban research gateway." Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 27, no. 2 (April 23, 2014): 358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3282.

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15

YOUNG, GREG. "‘So slide over here’: the aesthetics of masculinity in late twentieth-century Australian pop music." Popular Music 23, no. 2 (May 2004): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143004000145.

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For Australian men, the very act of appearing on stage has for much of the twentieth century aroused suspicion about their gender status and their sexuality. To aspire to the stage often implied homosexuality culturally in Australia. This has been evident in the evolving aesthetic of white Australian masculinity in pop music from the 1970s onwards. For most of that period, Anglo-Australian males who presented themselves in a rigid, almost asexual way dominated the aesthetic. The reality of urban Australia was ignored in their images, which were essentially confined to outback or coastal Australian settings. This paper examines that development as part of a continuum of twentieth century Australian male music performance that has variously been informed by the bush legend; a mythologised late nineteenth-century Australian masculine image, popularised in The Bulletin under the editorship of Archibald, that saw the urban as the feminine and the rural as the masculine. The paper considers how the combination of sexual anxiety surrounding male gender identity in Australian performance, and this rigid bush aesthetic, have encouraged the development of unstable male gender representations in Australian music that for the most part have come across as either caricatured male, sexless or anti-pop. The exception is the late Michael Hutchence whose performances were a clear departure from this in that on stage and in music videos he conveyed a star persona that was sexually charged and often ambiguous about its sexuality. It is for that reason alone that Michael Hutchence has been referred to as Australia's only international rock star (Carney 1997).

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16

Molnar, Adam. "Technology, Law, and the Formation of (il)Liberal Democracy?" Surveillance & Society 15, no. 3/4 (August 9, 2017): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v15i3/4.6645.

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This article argues that the politics of surveillance and (il)liberalism in Australia is conditioned by the dynamic interplay between technological development and law. Applying criminologist Richard Ericson’s concept of ‘counter-law’, the article illustrates how rapidly advancing capacities for surveillance and Australia's legal infrastructure collide. In this view, even regulatory safeguards can be instrumental in the broader drift toward (il)liberal democracy. Drawing on the Australian context to illustrate a broader global trend, this article conveys how such an apparatus of control reflective of (il)liberal democracy might be more accurately understood as a form of socio-technical rule-with-law.

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17

Wolf, Rand, Swarbrick, Spehar, and Norris. "Reply to Crawford et al.: Why Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) Is an Ethical Solution for Stray Cat Management." Animals 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090689.

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The recently published article, ‘A Case of Letting the Cat out of the Bag—Why Trap-Neuter-Return Is Not an Ethical Solution for Stray Cat (Felis catus) Management,’ by Crawford et al. warrants rebuttal. The case presented in the paper, opposing the initiation of TNR trials in Australia, ignores peer-reviewed evidence which substantiates the effectiveness of TNR at reducing unowned urban cat numbers. In addition, the paper’s authors offer a number of unrealistic recommendations, which are little more than a rebranding of the failed status quo. Urban stray cats have long been considered a problem across Australia. Current practice calls for the trapping and killing of thousands of healthy urban stray cats and kittens each year with no apparent effect on the total population. In contrast, the literature offers numerous examples, including two recent studies in Australia, of reductions in urban stray cat numbers where TNR has been implemented. TNR has also been associated with reduced feline intake and euthanasia at shelters, which improves both animal welfare and the well-being of shelter staff. A large-scale trial of TNR in an urban Australian context is scientifically justified and long overdue.

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18

Peiris, Sujanie, Janneke Berecki-Gisolf, Bernard Chen, and Brian Fildes. "Road Trauma in Regional and Remote Australia and New Zealand in Preparedness for ADAS Technologies and Autonomous Vehicles." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 4347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114347.

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Achieving remote and rural road safety is a global challenge, exacerbated in Australia and New Zealand by expansive geographical variations and inconsistent population density. Consequently, there exists a rural-urban differential in road crash involvement in Australasia. New vehicle technologies are expected to minimise road trauma globally by performing optimally on high quality roads with predictable infrastructure. Anecdotally, however, Australasia’s regional and remote areas do not fit this profile. The aim of this study was to determine if new vehicle technologies are likely to reduce road trauma, particularly in regional and remote Australia and New Zealand. An extensive review was performed using publicly available data. Road trauma in regional and remote Australasia was found to be double that of urban regions, despite the population being approximately one third of that in urban areas. Fatalities in 100 km/h + speed zones were overrepresented, suggestive of poor speed limit settings. Despite new vehicle ownership in regional and remote Australasia being comparable to major cities, road infrastructure supportive of new vehicle technologies appear lacking, with only 1.3–42% of all Australian roads, and 67% of all New Zealand roads being fully sealed. With road quality in regional and remote areas being poorly mapped, the benefits of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) technologies cannot be realised despite the fact new vehicles with these technologies are penetrating the fleet. Investments should be made into sealing and separating roads but more importantly, for mapping the road network to create a unified tracking system which quantifies readiness at a national level.

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19

Sarker, Arif, Janet Bornman, and Dora Marinova. "A Framework for Integrating Agriculture in Urban Sustainability in Australia." Urban Science 3, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020050.

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Rapid urbanisation all over the world poses a serious question about urban sustainability in relation to food. Urban agriculture can contribute to feeding city dwellers as well as improving metropolitan environments by providing more green space. Australia is recognised as one of the most urbanised countries in the world, and achieving urban sustainability should be high on the policy and planning agenda. A strong consensus exists among policymakers and academics that urban agriculture could be a tenable way of enhancing urban sustainability, and therefore, it should be a vital part of planning processes and urban design as administered by local and state governments. However, in recent decades, planning has overlooked and failed to realise this opportunity. The most significant constraints to urban agriculture are its regulatory and legal frameworks, including access to suitable land. Without direct public policy support and institutional recognition, it would be difficult to make urban agriculture an integral part of the development and planning goals of Australian cities. Developing and implementing clear planning policies, laws and programs that support urban agriculture can assist in decreasing competing land demands. This study analyses the policy and planning practices that can support integrating urban agriculture into city land-use planning. It examines current practices and identifies existing opportunities and constraints. An integration framework for urban agriculture for Australian cities is presented. If implemented, such a conceptual framework would allow improved sustainability of cities by bringing together the advantages of growing food within a greener urban environment.

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20

Lesh, James. "City Life: The New Urban Australia." Australian Historical Studies 50, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2019.1633050.

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21

Michael Hall, C., and Christopher Hamon. "Casinos and Urban Redevelopment in Australia." Journal of Travel Research 34, no. 3 (January 1996): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728759603400305.

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22

Gray, John. "Urban forestry in Australia — the future." Australian Forestry 51, no. 2 (January 1988): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1988.10674519.

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23

Mees, Paul. "Urban transport policy paradoxes in Australia." World Transport Policy and Practice 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527619510075639.

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24

Dowling, Robyn. "Planning for Culture in Urban Australia." Australian Geographical Studies 35, no. 1 (March 1997): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00004.

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25

MacFarlane, E., G. Benke, D. Goddard, and M. Sim. "Urban pest control operators in Australia." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 64, no. 6 (November 27, 2006): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2006.030635.

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26

Bygott, Jeanine M., and Jenny M. Robson. "The rarity ofTrichomonas vaginalisin urban Australia." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, no. 6 (January 31, 2013): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2012-050826.

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27

Nott, Jonathan F. "The urban geology of Darwin, Australia." Quaternary International 103, no. 1 (January 2003): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(02)00143-x.

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28

Lea, John. "Urban Australia: Planning issues and policies." Cities 4, no. 4 (November 1987): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(87)90100-4.

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29

Wilkie, Ben. "Lairds of Suburbia: Scottish Migrant Settlement and Housing in Australian Cities, 1880–1930." Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 36, no. 1 (May 2016): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2016.0169.

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Drawing on decennial population statistics from 1881 to 1933, this article evaluates the settlement patterns of Scottish migrants in Australian cities. It considers the urban nature of Scottish settlement, and argues that settlement patterns were associated with employment opportunities for working-class Scots, along with various housing, lifestyle, and religious preferences, often grounded in pre-migration experiences of city living. Furthermore, this article demonstrates that Scottish migrants in Australia at the turn of the twentieth century largely belonged to an urban industrial working class, and provides a useful correction to the traditional images of Scots in Australia as mostly rural, well-off, and conservative migrants.

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30

Steward, Alistair. "Seeing the Trees and the Forest: Attending to Australian Natural History as if it Mattered." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 22, no. 2 (2006): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001403.

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AbstractDiscourse in the Australian Journal of Environmental Education of the last ten years has not addressed a pedagogy that draws on and reflects the natural history of the continent. Australia is an ecological and species diverse country that has experienced substantial environmental change as a consequence of European settlement. Australians have historically been, and increasingly are, urban people. With high rates of urban residency in a substantially modified landscape, what role might environmental education play in assisting Australians to develop understandings of the natural history of specific Australian places? While Australia has a rich history of people observing, comparing and recording the natural history of the continent, environmental education discourse in this journal has not addressed how pedagogy might be informed by a focus on natural history. This paper draws attention to this gap in Australian environmental education discourse and offers some thoughts and ideas for a pedagogy based on the natural history of specific places.

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31

Troutbeck, Rod, Dennis Walsh, and Miranda Blogg. "Managing Motorways and Urban Arterials in Australia: Country Report for Australia." Transportation Research Procedia 15 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.06.001.

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32

Davila, Federico, and Robert Dyball. "Transforming Food Systems Through Food Sovereignty: An Australian Urban Context." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 31, no. 1 (February 23, 2015): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2015.14.

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AbstractThis article draws on La Via Campesina's definition of food sovereignty and its potential for reconceptualising food as a basic human right within the dominant Australian food discourse. We argue that the educative value that emerges from urban food production in Australia stems from the action of growing food and its capacity to transform individuals’ social and environmental concerns over food systems. Community participation in urban food production can promote a learning process that generates political understanding and concerns over food systems. We use the education theories of transformative learning and critical consciousness to discuss how Australian urban food production systems can create this social and environmental support for alternative food systems. By having control over food production practices and building collective understandings of how food choices impact global food systems, elements of food sovereignty can develop in an Australian urban context.

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33

Tariq, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman, Alavaiola Faumatu, Maha Hussein, Muhammad Laiq Ur Rahman Shahid, and Nitin Muttil. "Smart City-Ranking of Major Australian Cities to Achieve a Smarter Future." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072797.

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A Smart City is a solution to the problems caused by increasing urbanization. Australia has demonstrated a strong determination for the development of Smart Cities. However, the country has experienced uneven growth in its urban development. The purpose of this study is to compare and identify the smartness of major Australian cities to the level of development in multi-dimensions. Eventually, the research introduces the openings to make cities smarter by identifying the focused priority areas. To ensure comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the smart city’s performance, 90 indicators were selected to represent 26 factors and six components. The results of the assessment endorse the impacts of recent government actions taken in different urban areas towards building smarter cities. The research has pointed out the areas of deficiencies for underperforming major cities in Australia. Following the results, appropriate recommendations for Australian cities are provided to improve the city’s smartness.

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34

EDWARDS, NATALIE, and CHRISTOPHER HOGARTH. "Contemporary French-Australian Travel Writing: Transnational Memoirs by Patricia Gotlib and Emmanuelle Ferrieux." Australian Journal of French Studies: Volume 59, Issue 2 59, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2022.14.

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This article focuses on the portrayal of Australia by two female French travel writers at the turn of the twenty-first century. Based upon Charles Forsdick’s theory of a set of uncertainties locatable in Francophone travel writing at the fin de siècle, this article analyzes how such uncertainties are played out in an Australian setting. It argues that while these texts ostensibly exoticize Australia in stereotypical manners, they gradually complicate these views, especially through their representation of rural Australia. Both writers find in rural Australia the means of recovery from the trauma that has spurred them to travel, which they locate in fast-paced, urban European life. Yet their texts are not simple celebrations of Australia as a site of return to simpler or “primitive” lifestyles, as they uncover links between supposedly exotic Australia and long-repressed aspects of their home cultures.

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35

Creighton, Colin, Paul I. Boon, Justin D. Brookes, and Marcus Sheaves. "Repairing Australia's estuaries for improved fisheries production – what benefits, at what cost?" Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 6 (2015): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14041.

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An Australia-wide assessment of ~1000 estuaries and embayments undertaken by the National Land and Water Resources Audit of 1997–2002 indicated that ~30% were modified to some degree. The most highly degraded were in New South Wales, where ~40% were classified as ‘extensively modified’ and <10% were ‘near pristine’. Since that review, urban populations have continued to grow rapidly, and increasing pressures for industrial and agricultural development in the coastal zone have resulted in ongoing degradation of Australia's estuaries and embayments. This degradation has had serious effects on biodiversity, and commercial and recreational fishing. A business case is developed that shows that an Australia-wide investment of AU$350 million into repair will be returned in less than 5 years. This return is merely from improved productivity of commercial fisheries of a limited number of fish, shellfish and crustacean species. Estuary repair represents an outstanding return on investment, possibly far greater than most of Australia's previous environmental repair initiatives and with clearly demonstrated outcomes across the Australian food and services economies.

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36

Ragusa, Angela T., and Olivia Ward. "Unveiling the Male Corset." Men and Masculinities 20, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x15613830.

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Contemporary sociological research indicates rural men face increasing pressure to comply with hegemonic masculine gender norms. Adopting Butler’s poststructural theory of gender performativity, this study presents findings from qualitative interviews with twenty-five self-identified male Goths living in rural Australia, revealing how participants enacted masculinity and how rurality shaped gender performance. Despite participants’ believing their Goth identity transcended geographic location, Goth self-expression of counternormative masculinity was met with societal pressure. Rural Australian communities were presented as strongly upholding normative, traditional gender expectations as most participants experienced adverse responses, namely, homophobic hostility, employment discrimination, bullying, and/or physical assault, which necessitated modification of gender performance for individual safety and well-being. Participants largely attributed negative reactions to rural communities’ “closed-mindedness” in contrast with the “open-mindedness” they experienced in urban communities. Overall, participants believed urban communities in Australia and beyond displayed greater acceptance of diverse gender performances than rural Australia.

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37

Hamamura, Takeshi, and Berlian Gressy Septarini. "Culture and Self-Esteem Over Time." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 8 (May 5, 2017): 904–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617698205.

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Self-esteem is increasing in the United States according to temporal meta-analyses of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. However, it remains unclear whether this trend reflects broad social ecological shifts toward urban, affluent, and technologically advanced or a unique cultural history. A temporal meta-analysis of self-esteem was conducted in Australia. Australia shares social ecological and cultural similarities with the United States. On the other hand, Australian culture is horizontally individualistic and places a stronger emphasis on self-other equality compared to American culture. For this reason, the strengthening norm of positive self-esteem found in the United States may not be evident in Australia. Consistent with this possibility, the findings indicated that self-esteem among Australian high school students, university students, and community participants did not change between 1978 and 2014.

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38

FURUKAWA, T. A., G. ANDREWS, and D. P. GOLDBERG. "Stratum-specific likelihood ratios of the General Health Questionnaire in the community: help-seeking and physical co-morbidity affect the test characteristics." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 4 (May 2002): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005494.

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Background. In evidence-based medicine, stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLRs) are now being increasingly recognized as a more convenient and generalizable method to interpret diagnostic information than an optimal cut-off and its associated sensitivity and specificity. We previously examined the SSLRs of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in primary care settings. The present paper aims to examine if these SSLRs are generalizable to the community settings.Methods. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the GHQ were administered on a representative sample of the Australian population in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. We first compared the SSLRs of GHQ in urban Australia with the estimates that we had previously obtained from the developed urban centres in the WHO Psychological Problems in General Health Care study. If the SSLRs in the community were found to differ significantly from those in the primary care, we sought for explanatory variables.Results. The SSLRs in urban Australia and in the urban centres in the WHO study were significantly different for three out of the six strata. When we limited the sample to those with physical problems who visited a health professional, however, the SSLRs in the Australian study were strikingly close to those observed for primary care settings.Conclusions. Different sets of SSLRs apply to primary care and general population samples. For general population surveys in developed countries, the results of the Australian National Survey represent the currently available best estimates. For developing countries or rural areas, the results are less definitive and an investigator may wish to conduct a pilot study.

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Beatty, Russell, and Mahala McLindin. "Rainwater Harvesting and Urban Design in Australia." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 9 (January 1, 2012): 6435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811710010.

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Mason, David, and Ian Knowd. "The emergence of urban agriculture: Sydney, Australia." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 8, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/ijas.2009.0474.

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Forrest, J., and M. F. Poulsen. "The urban social atlas movement in Australia." Australian Geographer 17, no. 1 (May 1986): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049188608702903.

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Mayne, Alan. "City Dreamers: The Urban Imagination in Australia." Australian Historical Studies 48, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2017.1302294.

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Huxley, Margo. "Urban and Regional Planning in Western Australia." New Zealand Geographer 50, no. 2 (October 1994): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1994.tb00423.x.

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Nott, Jonathan F. "The urban geology of Cairns, Queensland, Australia." Quaternary International 103, no. 1 (January 2003): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(02)00142-8.

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Stilwell, Frank, and Patrick Troy. "Multilevel Governance and Urban Development in Australia." Urban Studies 37, no. 5-6 (May 2000): 909–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980050011154.

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Burton, Paul. "City Dreamers: The Urban Imagination in Australia." Urban Policy and Research 36, no. 1 (September 3, 2017): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2017.1371374.

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Shellam, Tiffany, and Joanna Sassoon. "‘My country’s heart is in the market place’: Tom Stannage interviewed by Peter Read." Public History Review 20 (December 31, 2013): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v20i0.3747.

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Tom Stannage was one among many historians in the 1970s uncovering histories of Australia which were to challenge national narratives and community memories. In 1971, Tom returned to Western Australia after writing his PhD in Cambridge with the passion to write urban history and an understanding that in order to do so, he needed an emotional engagement with place. What he had yet to realize was the power of community memories in Western Australia to shape and preserve ideas about their place. As part of his research on the history of Perth, Tom saw how the written histories of Western Australia had been shaped by community mythologies – in particular that of the rural pioneer. He identified the consensus or ‘gentry tradition’ in Western Australian writing. In teasing out histories of conflict, he showed how the gentry tradition of rural pioneer histories silenced those of race and gender relations, convictism and poverty which were found in both rural and urban areas. His versions of history began to unsettle parts of the Perth community who found the ‘pioneer myth’ framed their consensus world-view and whose families were themselves the living links to these ‘pioneers’.

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Davison, Graeme. "Australia." Journal of Urban History 22, no. 1 (November 1995): 40–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009614429502200103.

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Kwok, Jen Tsen. "Chinese Australian Urban Politics in the Context of Globalisation." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2011): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i1.1853.

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Globalisation and the rise of East Asia have accelerated the migration of Chinese populations across the Asia-Pacific rim. Ethnic Chinese populations from highly diverse sub-ethnic, socio-economic and political backgrounds are increasingly aggregated in major cities throughout the region. Nonetheless, there remains insufficient attention to the implications of greater economic interdependence and accelerated population movement upon the political cultures of host nations such as Australia, especially in the context of ensuing spatial and economic concentrations of activity. Both articulate and interlocking relationships between political and economic fields exist in the metropolitan engagements of Chinese Australian community groups and associations. Many of these political dimensions extend into ‘formal’ modes of politics. Framed by urban regime theory and the broader notion of urban politics, this paper claims that network resource exchange within Chinese Australian communities are tied to ethnic economies, and in certain contexts global processes. These kinds of social dynamics have implications for the expression of diasporic Chinese affinity and constructions of Chineseness. Explorations of transnational political tensions, in fact, highlight the diversity and potential fragility of diasporic interdependence within ethnic Chinese communities – communities that are persistently refashioned through new waves of migration and from different points of origin. This paper seeks to advance these perspectives through a case study of a particular period of tension between two representative peak bodies in Brisbane, Queensland. Grounded in the testimony of elite political actors, it reflects upon the nature of ethnic Chinese community representation in contemporary Australia.

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Paget, Gary, and Patrick Troy. "Australian Cities: Issues, Strategies and Policies for Urban Australia in the 1990's." Pacific Affairs 71, no. 3 (1998): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2761453.

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