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Ngagine, Soulemane Halif. "Chemical heterogeneity of atmospheric particles in urbanized and industrialized environments during pollution events." Thesis, Littoral, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022DUNK0617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail de thèse vise à améliorer notre connaissance des sources proches et lointaines contrôlant le dépassement des seuils réglementaires de qualité de l’air, tels qu’ils peuvent être appréciés par les réseaux de mesure existants, sur le site fortement industrialisé et urbain du Grand Dunkerque. Il s’agit notamment de s’appuyer sur le calcul d’un indice d’état de mélange des particules, prenant en compte l’hétérogénéité de leur composition élémentaire, celle-ci étant liée à leur temps de séjour dans l’air et à la distance entre les sources et le site récepteur étudié. Pour répondre à cette problématique, il a fallu dans un premier temps développer un impacteur séquentiel de particules à haute résolution temporelle, nommé TRAPS, qui répondait au besoin de suivre les changements rapides observés au sein des particules atmosphériques lors d’épisodes de pollution. Couplé à un granulomètre et après analyse individuelle des particules prélevées par microscopie électronique (MEB-EDX), le TRAPS permet de rendre compte de l’évolution physico-chimique des particules atmosphériques au cours du temps. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, des expériences menées en laboratoire et une campagne de terrain ont permis de valider notre prototype, de rendre compte de la dynamique de dépôt des particules sur les zones d’impaction et de vérifier les diamètres de coupure des étages grossier et fin du TRAPS, déterminés respectivement à 1.32µm et 0.13µm. Une étude statistique des épisodes de pollution aux PM₁₀ survenus sur le grand dunkerquois a ensuite été réalisée sur 3 ans, entre 2018 et 2020. Elle nous a permis d’identifier 12 principaux types d’épisodes sur la base de leur étendue spatiale, mais aussi des conditions locales de dispersion des polluants. On a pu ainsi identifier des épisodes locaux et des épisodes régionaux observés, soit en conditions atmosphériques stationnaires ou au contraire en conditions de dispersion des pollutions à plus grande échelle. Alors que 78 % des jours de dépassement du seuil réglementaire des PM₁₀ correspondent à des épisodes locaux, les 22.4% restant correspondent à des panaches de pollution d’étendue au moins régionale, avec une proportion égale des jours de dépassements en condition de dispersion et en conditions stationnaires. Hormis les épisodes très localisés, une étude fine de la variabilité temporelle des concentrations en particules fines (PM₂.₅) montre la présence systématique d'une période d'accumulation progressive des polluants, pouvant atteindre une dizaine d'heures et caractérisée par une contribution importante de ces particules. La dernière partie de ce travail a consisté en l'étude de la composition et l'état de mélange des particules individuelles collectées lors d'évènements de pollution sur la zone du Grand Dunkerque en 2021. La campagne a permis l'échantillonnage et la caractérisation de 5 épisodes de pollution durant lesquels le TRAPS était déployé en parallèle d'autres instruments fournissant des informations complémentaires sur la granulométrie des aérosols, la météorologie ou la dynamique atmosphérique. Près de 28000 particules individuelles ont été caractérisées par MEB-EDX. Avec plus de 90% des échantillons associés à des valeurs de l'indice d'état de mélange chimique supérieures à 0.5, il est possible d'affirmer que les particules collectées sur la zone du Grand Dunkerque, durant ces épisodes de pollution, sont, en général, de composition très hétérogène à l'échelle de la particule individuelle (particules dites "en mélange interne"). Les résultats obtenus montrent en outre une influence de l'origine, locale ou transportée, des particules sur leur composition chimique et par là même sur l'indice d'état de mélange chimique de la population de particules échantillonnées. Une évolution croissante de l'indice d'état de mélange avec le temps de résidence des particules dans l'atmosphère lors de ces évènements est notamment observéeThis thesis aims at improving our knowledge of the near and distant sources controlling the exceedance of the regulatory thresholds of air quality, as detected by the air quality monitoring networks, at the strongly industrialized and urban site of Great Dunkirk Area (GDA). This appreciation is notably based on the calculation of a mixing state index of the particles, taking into account the heterogeneity of their elementary composition, this one being related to their residence time in the atmosphere and the distance between the sources and the studied receptor site. To do that, it was firstly necessary to develop a time resolved cascade impactor with high temporal resolution, named "TRAPS", which answered the need to follow the rapid changes observed within the atmospheric particles during pollution episodes. Coupled with a particle size analyser and after individual analysis of the collected particles by electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), TRAPS allows to report the physicochemical evolution of atmospheric particles over time. In the first part of this thesis, laboratory experiments and a field campaign allowed to validate our prototype, to report the dynamics of particle deposition on the impaction stages and to verify the cut-off diameters of the coarse and fine stages of TRAPS, determined respectively at 1.32µm and 0.13µm. A statistical study of PM₁₀ pollution episodes occuring over the GDA was then carried out over 3 years, between 2018 and 2020. It allowed us to identify 12 main types of episodes based on their spatial extent, but also on the local conditions of pollutant dispersion. We were able to identify local episodes and regional episodes observed, either in stationary or dispersive atmospheric conditions. While 78% of the PM₁₀ exceedance days correspond to local episodes, the remaining 22% correspond to pollution plumes with at least a regional extent, with an equal proportion of exceedance days in dispersion and stationary conditions. Except for very localized episodes, a detailed study of these pollutions episodes shows the systematic presence of a period of pollutant accumulation, of about 10 hours, characterized by an important contribution of fine particles (PM₂.₅) except for episodes of limited spatial coverage. The last part of this work consisted in the study of the composition and mixing state of the individual particles collected during pollution events in the GDA in 2021. The campaign allowed the sampling and characterization of 5 pollution episodes, during which TRAPS was deployed in parallel with other instruments providing complementary information on aerosol granulometry, or atmospheric dynamics. Nearly 28000 individual particles were characterized by SEM-EDX. With more than 90% of the samples associated with values of the mixing state index higher than 0.5, it can be said that the particles collected in the GDA during pollution episodes are in general of very heterogeneous composition at the particle scale (internal mixing). Nevertheless, the results show an influence of the local or transported origin of the particles on their chemical composition, but also on the mixing state index. An increasing evolution of this index with the particles residence time during these events is observed
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Kim, Aehyung. "Technological adaptation and innovation in newly industrialized countries : the case of Korea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67386.
Повний текст джерела
3
Huang, Feiya. "Determinants of energy intensity in industrialized countries : a comparison of China and India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37871.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-73).
The amount of final energy per unit of economic output (usually in terms of gross domestic product, or GDP), known as energy intensity, is often used to measure the effectiveness of energy use and the consumption patterns of different economies. China and India are both developing countries with large population and rapid economic growth. China has decreased its energy intensity by 67% from 1978 to 2003; while India only decreased its energy intensity by 5% over the same period. By applying shift-share analysis on each country's industry sector, I decompose their changes of industrial energy intensity into two factors: structural change and efficiency change; then, I explore the determining factors of energy intensity in China and India, and analyze why they are different. The result shows that, in China, the driving force of energy-intensity change is the improvement of energy efficiency, which decreases the energy intensity. Meanwhile, structural-mix changes played a low, but positive, role in decreasing the energy intensity. In India, energy efficiency also plays a positive role.
(cont.) However, the industrial structure has become more energy-intensive because of the increasing share of energy-intensive sub-sectors, which offsets the impact of energy efficiency on energy intensity; thus, the overall energy intensity only decreased slightly in India over time.
by Feiya Huang.
M.C.P.
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GALVAO, E. S. "Chemical Characterization of Particles in Iron-rich Atmosphere of Urban and Industrialized Regions." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10470.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Previous issue date: 2018-10-30Estudos epidemiológicos mostram a associação do tamanho do material particulado (MP) no ar e sua composição química com problemas de saúde, nas quais afetam o sistema nervoso central e cardiorrespiratório. Portanto, a identificação das fontes de MP é um passo importante nos programas de gerenciamento da qualidade do ar. Modelos receptores são frequentemente utilizados em estudos de distribuição de fontes de MP a fim de identificar a contribuição de fontes locais. Apesar dos benefícios do uso desses modelos no gerenciamento da qualidade do ar, algumas limitações como efeitos de colinearidade, principalmente para fontes que possuem perfis químicos similares, restringem sua aplicação ou comprometem uma separação precisa de fontes. Para fontes altamente correlacionadas, a identificação de marcadores específicos ainda é o melhor caminho para uma distribuição de fontes mais precisa. Existem vários trabalhos usando diferentes técnicas analíticas na caracterização química e física do MP a fim de fornecer informações de entrada para os modelos receptores. A escolha entre tais técnicas depende de: as propriedades físicas das partículas, do tipo de amostragem, do tempo de medição, do acesso às instalações e equipamentos, dos custos associados à aquisição e manutenção de equipamentos, entre outras considerações. Apesar das numerosas técnicas analíticas descritas na literatura para caracterização de MP, os laboratórios são normalmente limitados às técnicas disponíveis internamente, o que levanta a questão se uma determinada técnica é adequada para o propósito de um trabalho experimental específico. Neste trabalho, é apresentado o estado da arte sobre as tecnologias disponíveis para a caracterização de MP. Adicionalmente, é proposto um guia para a escolha da(s) técnica(s) mais apropriada(s) para um estudo específico. Uma nova abordagem também é proposta para identificar as fontes mais apropriadas associadas aos fatores revelados através do modelo Fatoração de Matriz Positiva (PMF), na qual são utilizados conjuntamente a caracterização de espécies químicas, inorgânicas e orgânicas, e a direcionalidade dessas espécies através das rosas dos poluentes. Amostras de MP foram coletadas em uma região costeira, urbana e industrializada no Brasil e analisadas por EDXRF, TD-GC-MS e TOC para a caracterização de metais, PAHs, EC e OC. Esta região possui uma particularidade, uma atmosfera rica em ferro devido à presença de indústrias de pelotização e siderurgia. A metodologia proposta revelou que marcadores consolidados pela literatura: veiculares como o carbono elementar (EC) e carbono orgânico (CO), marcador de sal marinho: cloreto (Cl) e sódio (Na) e marcador industrial: ferro (Fe), também estavam fortemente associados a outras fontes. Cl, um marcador típico de sal marinho, também foi atribuído às atividades industriais de sinterização. Alguns fatores de PMF mostraram altas cargas de CO, um marcador típico tanto para exaustão veicular quanto para queima de carvão. A definição da fonte mais adequada para esses fatores só foi possível devido à avaliação da direcionalidade dessas espécies pelas rosas dos poluentes. O potássio (K), um marcador comum de queima de biomassa, foi predominantemente associado a ventos advindos de um parque industrial e, portanto, provavelmente associado a emissões do processo de sinterização. Alguns PAHs como naftaleno, criseno, fenantreno, fluoreno e acenaftileno foram essenciais como marcadores que permitiram a separação de fontes com perfis químicos inorgânicos similares, entre elas a sinterização, a pelotização e a queima de biomassa. Os resultados mostraram que a combinação de marcadores químicos orgânicos e inorgânicos, e a análise das rosas dos poluentes para a identificação da direcionalidade das fontes melhorou a interpretação dos resultados do PMF no estudo de distribuição de fontes. Além disso, a técnica de Difração Ressonante de Raios-X por Luz Síncrotron (RSr-XRD) foi conduzida no Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS) em Campinas, Brasil, para análise de partículas sedimentáveis (SP), partículas suspensas totais (TSP), PM10 e PM2.5. Os resultados mostram altos níveis de fases cristalinas baseadas em ferro. Em comparação com o uso de espécies químicas elementares, a identificação das fases cristalinas proporcionou uma abordagem aprimorada para classificar marcadores específicos de fontes baseadas em ferro. Compostos como α-Fe2O3, Fe metálico, FeS2 e K2Fe2O4 estão associados, respectivamente, ao minério de ferro, pelotização e sinterização; altos fornos e siderurgia; depósitos de carvão; e emissões de sinterização. A atribuição da composição cristalina, e não apenas elementar, na identificação de fontes melhorou a precisão dos estudos de distribuição de fontes. K2Fe2O4 e NH4ClO4 são compostos especificamente ligados ao processo de sinterização, formado principalmente durante a queima de matérias-primas em fornos. Cristais de sulfatos incomuns como FeAl2(SO4)4.22H2O e (NH4)3Fe(SO4)3 em amostras de PM2.5 mostraram a forte influência de α-Fe2O3 na foto-redução atmosférica de Fe em sulfatos. Os resultados também mostraram, além do mar, alta influência de outras fontes com alta contribuição de Cl, como sinterização e fornos de coque. Portanto, acreditamos que o uso de modelos de receptores em conjunto com os perfis químicos das fontes definidos por fases cristalinas, espécies elementares e compostos orgânicos, como os HPAs, podem melhorar os resultados de fontes altamente correlacionadas.
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Tofte, Christopher Shawn. "Urban Entertainment Destinations: A Developmental Approach for Urban Revitalization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban Entertainment Destinations (UED) are a new form of development comprised of unanchored retail projects that mix entertainment venues and icon restaurants as a solution for enticing visitors back to the city. The difference between these destinations and the traditional shopping mall is the experience gained when leaving the destination. As a solution, several cities have considered Urban Entertainment Destinations as a developmental means for revitalizing the downtown.
This thesis design project attempts to explore the significance of UED's by conducting a literature review and case study analysis of nine UED's across the United States. Studies extracted from each module revealed the importance of six key strategies- Placemaking, Multi-Anchoring, Contextual Links, Critical Mix & Mass, Programmability, and Branded Identity. Particular attention was placed on placemaking; designing gathering spaces, pathways, material choices, spatial relationships, and programmed land use. An emphasis has been made on incorporating the history and culture and the site's sense of place, two placemaking components that help create a distinct destination. These strategies were used as a basis for developing a set of design criteria that were in turn applied to the development of a master plan for a new UED in Rockford, Illinois.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Gan, Guo, and 甘果. "Urban vintage: revitalization of cultural andhistorical area in urban center." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47542603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The urban renewal is the inevitable product during the urban development process. Chongqing has been carrying out a serious of reconstruction and urban revitalization during these years, and the SHI-BA-TI area is included in the process. SHI-BA-TI area is one of the most famous sight-spots of Chongqing which represents the traditional culture spirit of the city. So that the high-valuable culture features of the site should be reserved in the reconstruction project and expressed in new way with creative method.
The concept of my design is reserving the “old core and skin” while adding in the “new core and skin”. This reconstruction design achieved the objective that reserving the historic and cultural core of the site while adding some urban public functions upon the site, which makes the site correspond to the land value of the city center and help with enhancing the status and image of the city center.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture
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Jones, Kathleen Lucy. "Visual representations of provincial urban sites in England, 1790-1860." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614053.
Повний текст джерела
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Lanuza, Rilling F. A. "Layering through absence : from experiencing urban leftovers to reimagining sites." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1560066/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As built reality, architecture constitutes presence: a place created to have a present use and meaning. Absence, in contrast, reflects the condition of no longer used leftover spaces and structures that escape the definition of architecture and the city as designed and planned environments. I investigate absence as it appears in the experience of urban leftovers, drawing its qualities into processes of design and representation. Using a cross-disciplinary approach centred in architecture, I ground my research on a series of distinctive sites, which feature different forms of absence. The layering of photographs, videos, drawings and writings is the method through which I explore absence, responding to its capacity of evoking distant, uncertain and multiple presences. By studying an unrealised project by Peter Eisenman for the Cannaregio Ovest district in Venice and George Descombes’ Parc de Lancy near Geneva I focus on absence in the relation between site and design. In two further case studies, located in South London, I analyse and interpret absence in the context of broader processes of urban transformation: Burgess Park, intermittently built over the last 60 years on a partially effaced industrial setting that still bears traces of its former configuration; and the Heygate, a modernist council estate that remained almost empty for a decade, and was recently demolished to give way to a contentious regeneration project. I reveal absence as key for a nuanced architectural understanding and representation of the experience of the city – not opposed to presence but in balance and complementarity to it. Through layering I show how the awareness of and engagement with absence enables a richer, denser and more inclusive dialogue between site and design, rendering absence as such: something that remains away from our grasp so it has to be recreated through memory and imagination.
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Taljaard, Carolina Augusta. "Urban Currents: urban regeneration + boundary of isolated natural sites in the context of Wonderboom Nature Reserve." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Situated within the Wonderboom Poort on the banks of the Apies River, this architectural manifestation is a culmination of the exploration of how the forgotten or left over urban spaces can be revived to contribute to the creation of sustainable facilities and infrastructures accommodating ‘Third space’ within the South African urban context. These forgotten spaces include isolated and underutilised natural spaces, such as Wonderboom Nature Reserve. This dissertation briefly explores the shortfalls of traditional urban planning, while addressing how architectural interventions can contribute not only to urban fabric, but also how they create a platform for positive change through combining socio-economic programme and natural processes. The designer utilises Landscape Urbanism and similar theories as lens to explore appropriate interventions at various scales. This is not only an interrogation of site and context to identify the most appropriate site for intervention, but also an interrogation of form, function and the larger role architecture plays in the social and environmental context of the city. In conclusion it is evident that fragmented (lost/forgotten) urban spaces possess the latent potential to positively alter the status quo of South African cities, generating network continuity (whether natural, infrastructural or social) through the implementation of appropriate architectural intervention when rooted in sustainability theory. In this case the intervention will primarily be focussing on the continuity of public space, serving as a catalyst for future growth and improvement in the area and significantly encouraging the inclusion of the ‘human focus’ – setting a precedent for future development or intervention.Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
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Larsson, Paulina. "A comparison of the temperature climate at twourban sites in Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302887.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Meteorological data from two observation sites in Uppsala, the Observatory Park (Op) andthe Geocentre (Gc), during the period January 1998 to September 2000, have been used tocheck the differences in the temperature climate at the two places. Since Op is situatedcloser to the city centre than Gc the site is thought to be more affected by the so calledurban heat island effect. Dependence on different meteorological parameters, time of theday and time of the year, has been investigated and different methods to correct thetemperature for the inhomogeneity that was introduced when the observation site wasmoved from the Observatory Park to the Geocentre. From the different methods investigated it is shown that to correct the temperaturesmeasured at the Geocentre to make them represent the conditions at the Observatory Parka division according to wind speed, wind direction, cloudiness and time of the year wasshown to be the most reliable method. But if it had been possible to divide the material alsointo hours of the day, this would probably have increased the reliability of the correction.For practical purposes a correction simply based on the monthly mean differences betweenthe two sites is probably accurate enough, as the most important factor is the annual cycle inthe temperature difference between the two urban sites.Väderdata från två observationsplatser i Uppsala, Observatorieparken (Op) och Geocentrum(Gc), under perioden januari 1998 till september 2000, har använts för att undersökaskillnader i temperaturklimatet vid de två platserna. Eftersom Op ligger närmare stadenscentrum än Gc, anses platsen vara mer påverkad av den så kallade värmeöeffekten. Beroendeav olika meteorologiska parametrar, tid på dygnet och tid på året, har undersökts, samt olikametoder att korrigera för inhomogeniteten i temperaturen som introducerades dåobservationsplatsen flyttades från Observatorieparken till Geocentrum. Bland de olika metoder som undersökts för att korrigera de vid Geocentrum uppmättatemperaturerna så att de ska representera förhållandena vid Observatorieparken, visas enuppdelning med avseende på vindhastighet, vindriktning, molnighet och tid på året vara denmest pålitliga metoden, men hade det varit möjligt att dela in materialet även i tid på dygnet,skulle detta troligtvis ha ökat pålitligheten av korrektionen. För praktisk användning är enkorrektion baserad endast på de månatliga medelskillnaderna mellan de två platsernaantagligen tillräcklig, eftersom den viktigaste faktorn är den årliga cykeln itemperaturskillnaden mellan de två platserna.
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Lenfer, Anouchka. "Aboriginal heritage sites in urban environments : a study of issues relating to Kaurna heritage sites in metropolitan Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl565.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Varat, Adam (Adam Simon) 1976. "Redeveloping big box sites toward a more sustainable land use." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves [114]-[117]).
The history of shopping centers in the United States is closely associated with decentralizing urban trends and increased auto dependence, both of which have severe environmental effects. Retail formats have shifted over the years from downtown shopping to indoor shopping centers, and more recently to big box superstores. As retail formats and markets continue to evolve, many older, less modem stores have suffered. Most recently, this trend has affected big boxes, creating an opportunity to reuse and re-image many of these sites. Vacant shopping centers represent an expanding phenomenon that has been little studied. I survey examples of vacant superstores in the Boston region, and characterize their physical and neighborhood characteristics, as well as procedural barriers and opportunities toward reusing these sites in a way that promotes land-efficient, non-auto-dependent development. I found two primary types of site: urban and suburban. In both types, site plan characteristics are similar. They have low density site plans, and are serviced almost entirely by the automobile. There are few concessions to pedestrian or transit amenity, and in both cases, sites are disconnected from surrounding parcels. Both also face similar procedural redevelopment difficulties, especially regarding ownership and tenant issues, sprawl-oriented zoning regimes, and known but uncertain levels of environmental contamination. However, characteristics of the surrounding areas differ greatly between the two types. "Urban" sites are located in compact, connected, older suburban areas with connected street grids. The shopping center parcels represent a coarse-grain anomaly in a fine-grain area. "Suburban" types are located in urban fringes, in areas that are primarily single-use, auto-oriented, and poorly connected. Planning for both types of site should account for urban design and pedestrian connectivity deficiencies by encouraging connections among different sites and to circulation systems, and to take advantage of other underutilized parcels nearby. To this end, municipalities should plan for an entire area surrounding the shopping center sites, using the tools of design guidelines, site plan review, and flexible zoning regimes. Additionally, municipalities should engage and coordinate private and community sectors to promote cohesion among many sites. Suburban sites should emphasize site planning for connectivity and directing new superstores into existing space. Urban sites should capitalize on existing neighborhood infrastructure to reintegrate the sites into surrounding neighborhoods, and to direct investment and development away from auto-dependent greenfield sites to connected, accessible locations within the metropolitan region.
by Adam Varat.
M.C.P.
13
Hare, Sean M. "Returning Dead Mall Sites to Vitality through Age-in-Place Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491317507719622.
Повний текст джерела
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Brownell, Matthew (Matthew Christopher). "Redeveloping modern housing sites : improving the livability of the ground plane." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39928.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references.
Le Corbusier's "towers in the park" urban design plan had a profound impact on city form in the United States. Its precepts were used to inform many urban renewal schemes of the 1950s and 1960s that tore down existing urban fabric and replaced it with towers surrounded by undefined open space. Streets were closed off and rerouted to create "superblocks" for these Corbusian tower/park plans but very soon after urban renewal began, people started to decry its effects. Besides the loss of neighborhoods and harm to people forced to move, the new plans often suffered from safety concerns and isolation. The ground planes of Corbusier inspired plans were disconnected from the public. Over time advocates of traditional city form have pushed new ideas to the forefront of urban design to facilitate a pedestrian-friendly environment, such as new urbanism and smart growth. This paper examines the impact of Corbusier's urban designs versus traditional city movements and suggests a middle ground. Towers are not inherently bad and a form-based approach to city design, such as the one used in Vancouver, successfully integrates both towers and pedestrian-scaled environments. Towers and traditional city form can coexist and benefit from each other to address urban design problems shared by both Corbusier and today's planner.
by Matthew Brownell.
M.C.P.
15
Leney, Anthony D. "A systems approach to assess the redevelopment options for urban brownfield sites." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10657/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem addressed is: How can an appropriate redevelopment option for an urban brownfield site be determined? A systems-based approach, Brownfield REMIT/RESPONSE (BRR), to assess the impact of brownfield redevelopment on the surrounding urban area has been developed. This utilises REMIT/RESPONSE combined with urban theory to develop a dynamic model of the generic impact of brownfield redevelopment that when combined with site-specific information can be used to identify and compare the impact of different redevelopment options. The development of a roadmap of the brownfield redevelopment process identified when decisions about the redevelopment option of a brownfield site were likely to be taken and was used to produce a list factors relating to the brownfield site and the surrounding urban area that could affect this decision. A review of the National Garden Festivals identified that the most important factor in delivering an appropriate redevelopment option where a site is initially redeveloped for a temporary event is the planning component of the characterisation, planning and design stage of the brownfield redevelopment process. An assessment of urban models determined that it was not possible to predict the impact of brownfield redevelopment on urban area as a means of comparing alternative redevelopment options. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a new tool to compare alternative redevelopment options. The developed tool, BRR, provides a means to assess the redevelopment options of brownfield sites in an integrated and systematic manner that considers the social, economic and environmental aspects of the redevelopment. To demonstrate that BRR could be applied to assess brownfield redevelopment it was applied to develop a systematic objective-based model of the redevelopment of the Radford site. By analysing the effects of policy identified within the model it was identified that, at the Radford site, there was no policy requirement to assess the sustainability of the redevelopment option chosen and that conflicting policies delayed the redevelopment of the site. BRR was applied to assess the proposed redevelopment options at three sites. At the first two sites, a single option was assessed to determine if it was appropriate. At the Shaw and Marvin site it was shown that the redevelopment option was appropriate and at the Willoughby Garages site it was shown that whilst the redevelopment option was not inappropriate, it was likely that a more beneficial option could be identified. At the third site, Basford gasworks three redevelopment options were compared and it was determined that industrial and commercial units were the most appropriate of three options.
16
Lei, Yu Daniel. "Towards a gradual and small-scale approach in conservation and renewal of the urban historic quarter in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4165142X.
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deFilippis, Audrey. "Urban Collision - Design Opportunities in Tensions and Fragments." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277144387.
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Debold, Ryan J. "Catalyzing the urban surface : strategizing sites along the historic Smoky Hill River corridor." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4087.
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Dans, Paul Edouard. "A reuse solution for derelict industrial sites : the case of two Navy yards." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65451.
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Konkel, Richard Steven. "Using joint fact-finding to resolve disputes over cleanup of hazardous waste sites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13472.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1991.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, leaves 296-331).
by Richard Steven Konkel.
Ph.D.
21
Alkan, Özgür BaÅ ak 1977. "Choices and benefits : alternative access and venue sites for Ä°stanbul Olympics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.Some pages folded and some maps have transparent overlays.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-154).
This thesis is based on the idea that the Olympics, a global mega-project that interrupts and re-channels the forces of urban evolution in its host city, can be planned in ways that bring long-term benefits to that city. It is inspired by the urban regeneration of Barcelona in 1992 and the environmental achievements of the Sydney Olympics in 2000. The immense mobilization of resources for the Olympics, however, has a potential to deliver even more to the city. In this thesis, I will present an alternative Olympic plan for Istanbul, a three-time bidder for the Olympics that seeks to guide the city to a more environmentally sustainable future. I begin the thesis with twelve photographs that convey my observations of Atlanta, Athens and Istanbul, in the post-Olympic, pre-Olympic and bidding stages of Olympic development. The photographs reveal the significance of sports venue location and transportation choices for the Long-term impacts of the Olympic event on the environment. A quick survey of past host cities shows similar patterns of Olympic development; in Chapter I, I analyze the IOC's Manual for Candidate Cities to identify planning guidelines that limit planners' toolkit. Following a brief analysis of Istanbul's Olympic plan submitted for the 2008 Summer Games in Chapter I, I devote Chapter II to an exploration of environmental benefits that can potentially be derived from the Olympics, Laying down the conditions for their realization.
(cont.) In Chapter III, I study the environmental history of Istanbul and generate a vision for a sustainable future that can guide site selection and transportation investments for the Olympics. The Alternative Olympic Plan for Istanbul introduced in Chapter IV is ambitious. It aims to reverse the trend of environmental destruction in Istanbul by channeling the city's growth away from environmentally sensitive zones in the north by strategically locating Olympic investments. The epilogue, in conclusion, contains reflections on the thesis topic and directions for future research.
by Özgür, BaÅak Alkan.
M.Arch.
M.C.P.
22
Allen, Alice Louisa. "Sites of transformation : urban space and social difference in contemporary Brazilian visual culture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648282.
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Gallet, Romain. "Redeveloping Lyon Part-Dieu : Innovative construction sites management in a dense urban area." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169590.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims at identifying on a concrete example the possible transfer of methods from strategic spatial planning to lower scales of planning like urban programming or operational planning of construction sites. Strategic spatial planning is a participatory and open method establishing the basis for cooperation between public and private stakeholders to achieve what is defined by said stakeholders as the best evolution for the territory it is dealing with, it relies on tools and processes like territorial diagnosis, thematic workshops and roundtables; Objectives are more qualitatively than quantitatively defined to allow flexibility to adapt to internal and external changes. This paper considers the territory of Lyon conurbation, France, as its territory of focus and particularly the redevelopment project of its central business district and multimodal hub, Part-Dieu. The planning of Lyon conurbation was in the 80s at the vanguard of strategic planning in France. Driven by Lyon urban planning agency and Grand Lyon, the local authority in charge of the area, under the pressure of local economic actors, Lyon conurbation acquired and integrated new tools and methods from strategic spatial planning. The hypothesis of this study is that, from then on, strategic planning methods and processes got transferred from the field of pure strategic spatial planning to the lower notches of the decision-making chain leading to the realization of a project: the stage of the programming of a neighborhood – the Part-Dieu district – and the stage of the operational planning of a construction or redevelopment operation. This study puts forward the following reasoning to explain this transfer of methods: an acculturation process to the collaborative and qualitative methods of strategic spatial planning took place in the territory of Lyon conurbation. It happened between the corporate cultures of spatial planning and those of urban program design and construction operation management. However, more than a way to really involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process in a bottom-up approach, this study suggests that the use of these methods at the stage of construction/redevelopment operation management is more of a facade to make stakeholders better accept decisions already taken by experts and/or public authorities. One could talk about a top-down approach disguised as a bottom-up approach.
24
Tang, Siu-sing. "Forecast of industrial land requirement in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13117221.
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Wong, Fei Queenie. "Historical heritage and urban development in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21042056.
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26
Reimers, Carlos A. "After sites and services : planned progressive development strategies in low income housing during the 1990s." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-90).
Planned progressive development strategies and low-income housing have been out of the international development agenda since funding agencies cut-off support to sites and services and similar housing schemes. These projects were among the most widely used approaches to address the need for low-income housing during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The last fifteen years since their abandonment in the mid 1980s have been characterized by the absence of major investments in shelter for the poor in developing countries and the lack of new paradigms in housing. This study argues that planned progressive development strategies in low-income housing were inappropriately abandoned by international sponsors. The prevalent explanation is that projects were discarded because the minimum standards established by governments and donors in these projects made them unaffordable and unsustainable. While this study finds support for this explanation, it also finds that projects became too complex because of the inclusion of many components to the single idea of experimenting with progressive development under controlled conditions of planning. In addition, implementation criteria were too rigid and contrary to the principle of flexibility which is central in progressive development. The criteria used to assess these projects by donors, focusing on affordability, cost recovery and replicability, were inappropriate because they assumed that the process of progressive development which had been observed in informal housing would also occur in planned progressive development projects, but failed to evaluate this directly. A central aspect of this housing strategy was thus assumed rather than evaluated directly. The thesis reviews assessments made to sites and services after international funding of planned progressive developments and shelter projects was withdrawn. In addition, the study collected, organized and analyzed evidence about recent planned progressive development strategies that have continued on a small, local scale in several developing countries around the world. The outcome of these recent experiences demonstrates that these simpler strategies were more viable in addressing low-income housing needs, and that projects can be implemented with very little initial investment and without external support. Thus, planned progressive development strategies are still a promising approach to low-income housing.
by Carlos A. Reimers.
S.M.
27
Johner, Julia. "Pollinators in the city : Exploring the potential of urban environments as sites for conservation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Insect pollinators provide indispensible ecosystem services for agricultural, natural and urban ecosystems, and have been declining drastically around the globe. These declines are largely due to fragmentation and loss of habitat resulting from urbanization and intensification of agriculture, and raise concerns over global food security. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of urbanization on abundance, species richness and diversity of insect pollinators, and whether urban environments have potential as sites for conservation. Cities are highly heterogeneous environments with ample foraging and nesting opportunities and can house an abundance and diversity of pollinators. Urban environments can serve as refuges for many pollinator species. Effective city planning and mixed conservation strategies can help to promote healthy populations of insect pollinators in urban environments, which can help to stabilize populations in rural settings, thereby ensuring pollination services for agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems.Pollinerande insekter (pollinatörer) bidrar med oumbärliga ekosystemtjänster till jordbruk och naturliga och urbana ekosystem, och de har minskat drastiskt i antal runt hela jorden. Dessa nedgångar orsakas till största del av habitatförstöring och -fragmentering, och väcker oro över den globala matsäkerheten. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur urbanisering påverkar abundans, artrikedom och biodiversitet hos pollinatörer, samt om urbana miljöer har potential som platser för bevarande av pollinatörer. Städer är mycket heterogena områden med gott om matresurser och boplatser, och kan husera en mångfald av pollinatörer. Urbana miljöer lämpar sig bra som platser för bevarande av pollinatörer. Med effektiv stadsplanering och en blandning av olika bevarandestrategier kan städer uppehålla hälsosamma populationer av pollinatörer. Detta kan hjälpa till att stabilisera populationer på landsbygden och därmed säkerställa pollinationstjänster till såväl jordbruk som naturliga terrestra ekosystem.
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Matthews, Peter John. "The sites and services approach: a partial solution to South Africa's urban housing shortage." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44966.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Racially discriminatory apartheid-era policies, population growth, and high unemployment have given South Africa a severe shortage of urban low-income housing. This thesis evaluates the sites and services approach as a means to reduce the housing shortage. The limited success of the new democratic government's efforts to provide the urban poor with formal low-income housing suggests that sites and services housing's reliance on self-help labor may reduce the housing shortage more effectively than formal housing. This study will assess the sites and services approach in terms of several basic factors. They include: government costs per housing unit, speed of construction, affordability for the poor, and the degree to which the method can produce a standard of housing that could be acceptable to the poor.Master of Science
29
Flanery, Trevor H. "Planning Local and Regional Development: Exploring Network Signal, Sites, and Economic Opportunity Dynamics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82907.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban development planning efforts are challenged to enhance coevolving spatial and socioeconomic systems that exist and interact at multiple scales. While network and simulation sciences have created new tools and theories suitable for urban studies, models of development are not yet suitable for local and regional development planning. A case study of the City of Roanoke, Virginia, grounded network development theories of scaling, engagement, and collective perception function, as well as network forms. By advancing urban development network theory, frameworks for urban simulation like agent-based models take more coherent shape. This in turn better positions decision-making and planning practitioners to adapt, transform, or renew local network-oriented development systems, and conceptualize a framework for computational urban development planning for regions and localities.Ph. D.
30
McCarney, Patricia Louise. "The life of an idea : the rise and fall of sites and services at the World Bank." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14798.
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Sarikaya, Levent Yasemin. "Conservation Of Archaeological Sites In Urban Areas In Turkey: Soli-pompeiopolis As A Case Study." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610127/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban development has long been the major threat to archaeological sites. Recent theoretical discussions advocate that archaeological sites in urban areas should be protected not only through technical solutions and archaeological studies, but also through spatial planning processes, which define basic mechanisms to direct and control the urban development.
Despite a specific type of spatial plan, the ‘
conservation plan&
#8217
in Turkish legislation, negative impacts of urban development on archeological sites could not be successfully eliminated. This is due to the reason that conservation and planning systems do not concern &
#8216
integration of the archaeological site with the urban built environment&
#8217
, which results in either isolation or destruction of the archaeological remains. Based on this assumption, the objective of this dissertation is to determine in which points Turkish conservation and planning systems fail to achieve integration and how this failure could be overcame. Turkish conservation and planning systems are evaluated on selected case study area, Soli-Pompeiopolis Archaeological Site, by using three-step qualitative analysis methodology. First, conservation and planning decisions and the built environment shaped by these decisions are examined in details through process analysis. Then, based on qualities of spatial planning process redefined through theoretical discussions, &
#8216
process integration&
#8217
and &
#8216
outcome integration&
#8217
are evaluated through context analysis. Lastly, reasons of problematic issues on integration are discussed through causality analysis. Concluding the study, a discussion is carried on how to achieve &
#8216
integration of conservation of archaeological sites in urban areas into spatial planning processes&
#8217
by making modifications within the &
#8216
Turkish conservation and planning systems&
#8217
.
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Imam, Ayman Amin. "Exploring the potential usage of underused urban space: Hajj sites in Mecca as case study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457773.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The term Underused Urban Spaces (UUS) refers to spaces within urban areas that have become unused, or that are being used to a lesser degree than they could or should be. The emergence of such spaces has therefore encouraged researchers, urban planner, social and local authorities to explore ways in which to utilise these spaces in alternative ways, particularly in order to bring about positive social, economic and environmental benefits.
Since the Islamic pilgrimage sites, known as the Hajj Sites (HS), are viewed as a type of UUS, the main objective of this research is to explore the effectiveness of using the HS in a different manner, specifically when the Hajj is not occurring. This investigation was conducted by exploring the different aspects that may inform how likely it is that the use of the HS might be a success. This was achieved by exploring their internal and external features, the potential benefits due to their location, along with the possibilities they offer in terms of people accepting the alternative use of the HS when the Hajj is not in progress.
Current theory and information regarding practices relating to the UUS concept and the HS was gathered from secondary data sources. Subsequently, a quantitative approach was adopted in order to achieve the goals set out for the research, which employed advanced urban analysis methods, including remote sensing and GIS techniques, a morphological index, multiple regression analyses and online questionnaires. Therefore, all of these components aimed to enhance the outputs of the research.
The results showed that using the HS when the Hajj is not taking place has the potential to be hugely effective and advantageous, mainly as the sites possess the capacity to be used for this purpose. Their internal potential includes the diversity and quality of their existing facilities, and their external potential encompasses their connectivity and the proximity of their surroundings. Their future potential can be demonstrated by Mecca's urban growth patterns, alongside the social potential, which is represented by people's acceptance in terms of the possibility of using the HS differently and when the Hajj is not in progress. Their willingness to utilise the facilities at alternative times, if this was offered, is also of significance. The methods employed in this research could also be applicable with regard to future research focused on examining either HS or similar contexts, possibly in a comparative study.El término Espacios Urbanos Subutilizados (en adelante UUS) se refiere a espacios, dentro de un área urbana, que no han sido usados o que están siendo utilizados en menor medida de lo que podrían o deberían ser. El surgimiento de dichos espacios ha alentado por tanto a investigadores y urbanistas, así como a autoridades sociales y locales a explorar maneras alternativas de utilizar estos espacios, en particular con el objetivo de brindar beneficios sociales, económicos y ambientales. Dado que los lugares de peregrinación islámica o sitios de Hajj (en adelante HS) son vistos como un tipo de UUS, el principal objetivo de esta investigación es explorar la eficacia en la utilización de los HS de una manera diferente, específicamente cuando el Hajj no está ocurriendo. La investigación se llevó a cabo mediante la indagación de los diferentes aspectos que pudiesen explicar qué tan probable es que el uso de los HS sea un éxito. Esto se logró a través del reconocimiento de sus características internas y externas, de los beneficios potenciales debidos a su localización, junto con las posibilidades que ofrecen en téminos de la aceptación de la gente a un uso alternativo de los HS cuando el Hajj no está en curso. Para proporcionar la teoría actual y la información respecto a las prácticas relacionadas con los UUS y los HS se utilizó fuentes de información secundarias. Se adoptó después una investigación empírica en el cual empleó métodos avanzados de análisis urbano, incluyendo teledetección, técnicas de SIG, un índice morfológico, análisis de regresión múltiple y cuestionarios en línea. De esta forma, todos estos componentes tenían como objetivo mejorar los resultados de la investigación. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de los HS cuando el Hajj no está ocurriendo tiene el potencial de ser enormemente eficaz y ventajoso, principalmente porque los sitios poseen la capacidad de ser utilizados para este fin. Su potencial interno incluye la diversidad y la calidad de las instalaciones existentes, y su potencial externo abarca la conectividad y la proximidad de sus alrededores. El potencial futuro de los HS puede ser demostrado por la importancia de su ubicación dentro del crecimiento urbano de La Meca, y a la vez, por el potencial social representado en la aceptación de la gente en términos de la posibilidad de utilizar los HS de manera diferente y cuando el Hajj no ocurre. La disposición a participar en la utilización de las instalaciones en momentos alternativos al Hajj, si ello llegara a ejecutarse, también es destacable. Estas revelaciones pueden desempeñar un papel importante en las futuras decisiones y en el planeamiento en relación con los HS y con el crecimiento urbano de La Meca. Por otra parte, los métodos empleados en esta investigación también podrían ser aplicables a futuras investigaciones centradas en examinar ya sea los HS o contextos similares, o posiblemente en estudios comparativos.
33
Wheeler, Carole. "A re-examination of medieval material culture : Buckingham and Oxfordshire rural and urban sites reconsidered." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553686.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study takes as its primary data the medieval portable fmds from eight excavated sites in the south Midland region, with a date range from the c. lOth to c. 16th/l7th century. The finds within historical archaeology present us with a number of fundamental problems ranging from the quality of the surviving evidence and method of excavation to the post-excavation analysis and interpretation. The purpose of this research is to critically review how we deal with fmds from medieval sites and to explore new ways of approaching and using site evidence. In this explicitly archaeological approach the finds data is drawn from both rural and urban sites, and includes four deserted villages in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, two Oxford suburbs and two moated manor house sites. Working as far as possible with the whole finds assemblage, a critical reassessment of each site challenges certain methodological issues and assumptions that are reoccurring and significantly affect site interpretation. A strong correlation was noted between the stratified and the unstratified finds when compared by category confirming the value of unstratified material to site interpretation. The three Buckinghamshire sites present the opportunity to compare the fmds assemblages of near neighbours. Contextual issues are debated including new interpretations of residual artefacts, and the contrasting use of single objects and whole assemblages. This intra-site critique is followed by inter- site comparisons of objects. Some distinctions are drawn between security and horse equipment items that may imply a rural/urban divide. The decorated objects provided an opportunity to examine the social conventions ofthe time embedded in the imagery on objects made for display. The changing social status of objects that appear to have been reused in a secondary capacity is highlighted and it is argued that the disposal of some 'rubbish' reflects cultural practices beyond the purely functional or practical.
34
Bhattarya, Shefali. "Strategy for identifying and implementing sites for urban agriculture a case study of Gainesville, Florida /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012943.
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Wilseman, Jennifer A. "A Comparison of Design Processes Between Sustainable SITES Certified and Noncertified Urban Open Space Projects." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In response to the World Commission on Environment and Development’s Brundtland Report (1987) and other documents that have brought the need to address environmental, economic, and social issues to the forefront of the awareness of the public, the Sustainable SITES Initiative was modeled after LEED certification and was formed to establish a rating system and comprehensive framework of guidelines for development. It is a collaborative effort between the ASLA, the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, and the United States Botanic Garden. In June 2015, the Green Building Certification, Inc. of the United States Green Building Council acquired SITES and will oversee future certifications. SITES was formed to address the need for a coordinated response between all landscape design professionals, and to work in addition to and synergistically with LEED certification.
This study investigates the new sustainability rating system while exploring the professional marketplace and the design processes of three landscape architecture firms. The purpose of this study is to answer the question, “How do the design processes differ between SITES certified and noncertified urban open space projects in the Puget Sound area?”. There are currently 47 landscape projects across the United States that have been certified by the SITES pilot program rating system.
This is an exploratory study that examines the processes of three landscape architecture firms, with two projects within each firm: one sustainably certified through SITES, one is not certified, for a total of six case studies. By analyzing and documenting the presence and nature of patterns, similarities and differences, this study aims to strengthen the objective of SITES certification for the purpose of recognition and to validate existing sustainable landscape architectural practices.
This study pinpoints the components of sustainable landscape architectural and highlights landscape architecture’s commitment to sustainable development. Landscape architecture has a rich history of incorporating sustainable practices into their work. With this new rating system, landscape projects can gain recognition for sustainable practice through marketing projects as SITES certified, as the LEED certification program exemplifies. This study can also inform future collaborations with LEED certifications. SITES currently works synergistically with LEED certification on several components, but increased collaboration will be mutually beneficial. The SITES certification process is very involved and time-consuming, and with valuable feedback from Landscape Architects, expedited certification can be possible.
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Bacon, Kevin L. Jr. "Terra fluxus urban design in the wake of deindustrialization /." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24723.
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Keogh, Maureen. "A multi-dimensional approach to policy implementation : the case of the 1968 Caravan Sites Act." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257316.
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Chow, Kwok-sang. "A case study on the environmental impacts of a large site formation contract in the urban area /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498332.
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Tucker, Carol Goldsberry 1965. "Remediation of place : the role of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in designing reuse at superfund sites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70360.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-102).
This thesis will explore what the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) direct and indirect roles should and could be in fostering place making for Superfund site redevelopment. The EPA manages the clean up of severely contaminated abandoned property under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation Liability Act (CERCLA), a.k.a. the Superfund Program, in order to protect human health and the environment. These neglected places are often a blight to the surrounding communities, causing disinvestment and decay. Redevelopment of these abandoned sites is often difficult and plagued with challenging circumstances and uncertainties. Impediments to Superfund site redevelopment include fears associated with health risks and liability, uncertainty on the length of clean up time, lack of willingness of the property owner, and stigma. The revitalization of these sites is vital to improving the quality of life of the surrounding community and the region. The redevelopment design is a critical component of revitalization and needs to be thoughtfully constructed. Urban design goals should be geared towards enhancing the public realm, improving quality of life, and creating a sense of place. This is place making and should be inclusive and account for the needs of the occupants. EPA's current policies and tools under the Superfund Redevelopment Initiative do not achieve pace making results. Recommendation for change include the development of urban design principles and reuse planning guidance, providing education and training for both EPA staff and affected communities, shifting the expertise of the workforce, providing more funding for planning activities and changing legislative to incorporate regional environmental solutions.
by Carol Goldsberry Tucker.
M.C.P.
40
Binkley, Laura Elyse. "Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Salmonella, and Cephalosporin-Resistant E. coli Strains in Canada goose Feces Urban and Peri-Urban Sites in Central Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430861581.
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Alsalloum, Ataa. "Heritage-led sustainable urban regeneration : the development of an assessment model for World Heritage Sites cities." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569900.
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Peizerat, Catherine. "The meanings of Europe and integration : a discursive interpretation of the development and planning of business sites." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337189.
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Gandhi, Vidhu Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Aboriginal Australian heritage in the postcolonial city: sites of anti-colonial resistance and continuing presence." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Built Environment, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41460.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aboriginal Australian heritage forms a significant and celebrated part of Australian heritage. Set within the institutional frameworks of a predominantly ??white?? European Australian heritage practice, Aboriginal heritage has been promoted as the heritage of a people who belonged to the distant, pre-colonial past and who were an integral and sustainable part of the natural environment. These controlled and carefully packaged meanings of Aboriginal heritage have underwritten aspects of urban Aboriginal presence and history that prevail in the (previously) colonial city. In the midst of the city which seeks to cling to selected images of its colonial past urban Aboriginal heritage emerges as a significant challenge to a largely ??white??, (post)colonial Australian heritage practice. The distinctively Aboriginal sense of anti-colonialism that underlines claims to urban sites of Aboriginal significance unsettles the colonial stereotypes that are associated with Aboriginal heritage and disrupts the ??purity?? of the city by penetrating the stronghold of colonial heritage. However, despite the challenge to the colonising imperatives of heritage practice, the fact that urban Aboriginal heritage continues to be a deeply contested reality indicates that heritage practice has failed to move beyond its predominantly colonial legacy. It knowingly or unwittingly maintains the stronghold of colonial heritage in the city by selectively and often with reluctance, recognising a few sites of contested Aboriginal heritage such as the Old Swan Brewery and Bennett House in Perth. Furthermore, the listing of these sites according to very narrow and largely Eurocentric perceptions of Aboriginal heritage makes it quite difficult for other sites which fall outside these considerations to be included as part of the urban built environment. Importantly this thesis demonstrates that it is most often in the case of Aboriginal sites of political resistance such as The Block in Redfern, the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra and Australian Hall in Sydney, that heritage practice tends to maintain its hegemony as these sites are a reminder of the continuing disenfranchised condition of Aboriginal peoples, in a nation which considers itself to be postcolonial.
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Green, Jamaal William. "Manufacturing in Place: Industrial Preservation in the US." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5138.
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In the face of growing economic inequality and population growth, several large cities in the US have started to proactively protect vital industrial lands from conversion to non-industrial uses. These new policies signal a potentially dramatic shift in both land-use and economic development practices.
In the first essay of this dissertation I present a typology of existing industrial land protective policies after reviewing the comprehensive plans and zoning codes of the United States' fifty largest cities. I identify 11 cities with protective policies and highlight the variance of these policies by offering a simple two part typology based upon a city's use of increased usage restrictions or greater process requirements for conversion of protected parcels.
The second essay presents results of a survey I administered to planners exploring the varied ways that planners understand the pressures facing industrial land in their cities and the political contexts they operate within regarding industrial land policy in their respective cities. I find that planners are generally supportive of industrial land protective policies but are ambivalent about the long term viability of industrial labor in cities and face political pressure to convert industrial land to non-industrial uses.
The final essay presents an evaluation of protective land policies. I estimate a propensity score model measuring the change in manufacturing and broader "industrial" employment a the census tract level between 2009 and 2015 using LEHD LODES workplace association data. I estimate the propensity score model using a gradient boosted model and ultimately find a null effect of protective policies on manufacturing and "industrial" job growth.
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Jokinen, Johanna. "From dump-sites to resilient urban residence areas : Successful adaptation to tropical cyclone related flooding in Nicaragua." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28469.
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This MSc thesis contributes with new information on how vulnerability to tropical cyclone (TC) induced flooding has evolved at two coastal lowland study sites in the town of Corinto in Nicaragua over a period of 50 years. The research was done through rain station data analyses, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Analyses of changing poverty, human mobility, housing conditions, and occurrence of flood-related diseases were used as additional indicators supporting the overall vulnerability assessment.
The recent increase in the North Atlantic TC activity can not be seen in the data from Corinto. The both studied neighborhoods built on dump-sites and mangrove marsh have clearly become less exposed, less sensitive, and more resilient to external stress brought by TCs. These two sites have been developing into different directions since one has reached a more prosper status whereas the other is still rather marginal. The former has been supported by the local government while the latter has been growing in a less regulated way.
This thesis suggests that there are coastal communities in developing countries, which are able to cope with and adapt to extreme climate events even though this kind of vulnerability has been predicted to increase due to global warming.
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Morrison, K. M. "Exploring the cultural ecosystem services associated with unmanaged urban brownfield sites : an interdisciplinary (art and sciences) approach." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36752/.
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Unmanaged urban brownfields are widely perceived as wastelands and derelict empty spaces in need of a determined future end-use; how people utilize these spaces and connect with unmanaged nature appears inconsequential. There is a dearth of knowledge on the Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) of seemingly abandoned urban brownfields. The benefits of these sites as natural green space CES providers are neglected. Consequently, they are latent landscapes not fully understood or taken into consideration by decision-makers. Perspectives on brownfields vary: informed by profession, discipline, experiential knowledge, and brownfield terminology. Knowledge from across disciplines that articulates connections that shed light on unmanaged brownfields as CES providers is reviewed critically. Process-led interdisciplinary fieldwork - integrating participatory social art practice, durational and performative public art - was used to explore every day phenomena of brownfields, and link the environmental settings and nature of unmanaged brownfields to cultural practices, benefits, and values. Analysis of the data generated by the fieldwork reveals that unmanaged brownfields are accessed for cultural practices - play and exercise; creating and expressing; producing and caring; gathering and consuming - that yield cultural benefits. Reflexive practice provides a rich picture of unmanaged urban brownfields as CES providers: as natural green space for near-by communities and urban nature explorers. It also reveals physical and sociocultural barriers that affect access, perception, and appreciation. Unmanaged urban brownfields have cultural value for those who use them. The interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences research and practice presented here reveals cultural practices and hitherto not-yet-valued CES of unmanaged urban brownfields. This is a new area of research: a first step in embedding approaches from these disciplines within ecosystem service and CES research. This research also identifies a need for an interdisciplinary characterization of brownfields to fully understand brownfields as environmental settings and the gamut of CES they provide.
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Russell-McKenzie, Elisabeth. "Evaluating student teaching experiences at urban and suburban field sites: Relationship to teacher efficacy, preparedness, and commitment." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/35125.
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Educational PsychologyPh.D.
Preparedness, efficacy, and commitment to a teaching career are important products of the teacher preparation process. Yet research on how the context of field experiences influences the development of these products is limited. The purpose of this study is firstly to confirm the existence of hypothesized differences between urban and suburban field placements and secondly to investigate the relationship between individual components of these contextualized field experiences and the outcomes of preparedness, efficacy, and commitment. Field experiences are examined through the lens of Bandura's (1997) sources of teacher efficacy belief development (mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, emotional arousal) and their interactions with student teaching contextual influences. The results suggest that urban-based student teachers have a qualitatively different experience from their suburban-based counterparts. Although the study did not find significant differences in resultant teacher efficacy, or preparedness for assuming fulltime teaching responsibilities, urban-based teachers report less long-term teaching commitment, but are more likely to be seeking an initial placement in an urban school. Regression analyses were performed to identify those components of the field experience and individual student characteristics that predict preparedness, efficacy and commitment. Location and on-site school contextual variables (school climate, school poverty) play an integral role in prediction of teaching efficacy. While long-term teaching commitment was most strongly predicted by emotional interpretations of the experience (satisfaction, stress, confidence) together with feeling supported by the field supervisor, intentions regarding teaching location were more dependent on support and encouragement received from mentor teachers in those locations, and viewing the mentor as a good career model. The findings of this study have important implications for teacher training since the results confirm that student teachers have very different experiences based on field site location and that these experiences do contribute differentially to the development of preparedness, efficacy and commitment.
Temple University--Theses
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Wong, Mei-ling. "Urban renewal and cultural heritage conservation in Hong Kong : a case study of Hong Lok Street renewal project /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14802399.
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Wheeler, Kathleen Louise. "The characterization and measurement of archaeological depositional units: Patterns from nineteenth-century urban sites in Portsmouth, New Hampshire." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186055.
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This dissertation is an examination of the formation processes operating at nineteenth-century housesites in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The approach stresses the reconstruction in behavioral terms of all urban deposits, including those considered "mixed" or "disturbed." The data base for the dissertation consists of three disparate archaeological collections at the Strawbery Banke Museum in Portsmouth. The analysis was performed under a unifying research agenda and with a consistent set of analytic techniques in a kind of "postexcavation salvage." These methods include developing a Harris matrix to reconstruct site stratification, plotting deposition locations in reference to known activity areas (such as doors and windows), measuring relative sherd size, and calculating a minimum number of vessels through the examination of ware, form, and surface decoration and the refitting of sherds. This latter exercise of crossmending helped to establish the horizontal and vertical displacement of sherds. Measures of diversity included counting the number of artifact classes to determine richness and developing a prevalence index to assess evenness; i.e., the distribution of artifact types within a deposit. The behavioral unit of analysis was the household, as it was hypothesized that individual households generated refuse in patterned ways. Nineteenth-century households from three sites were reconstructed from historical sources such as city directories, census information, family genealogies, and tax assessment records. Twelve households occupying three different housesites were linked with various refuse deposits and compared over time and space. Several patterns of trash-disposal behaviors recurred at the three sites. Preferred modes of refuse discard included the use of open-air middens, privies, and opportunistic middens. Households apparently also transformed or redeposited secondary-refuse aggregates to create tertiary deposits. Often characterized as mixed or disturbed, these tertiary deposits can be informative about depositional behaviors in the urban context. Conclusions summarize how immigrant status, stage in household development, tenancy, and owner occupation affect the discard behaviors at the three sites. Once a "grammar of garbage" is reconstructed in behavioral terms, more abstract constructs, such as the worldview of hygiene and sanitation, can be suggested.
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雷禹 and Yu Daniel Lei. "Towards a gradual and small-scale approach in conservation and renewalof the urban historic quarter in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4165142X.
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