Статті в журналах: "Urban analyses"

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García-Pérez, Sergio. "Diseño urbano y espacio público en contextos de regeneración urbana integrada: conceptos, marco institucional y experiencias recientes | Urban design and public space in integrated urban regeneration contexts: Concepts, institutional framework, and recent experiences." ZARCH, no. 8 (October 2, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201782157.

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El interés institucional por la regeneración urbana integrada y la mejora de los tejidos urbanos obsoletos ha aumentado en los últimos años, siendo uno de los procesos por los que apuesta la nueva agenda urbana. Al respecto, numerosos autores señalan el carácter sistémico de los problemas, de múltiples dimensiones y reconocen que la calidad de la forma y el diseño urbano son una condición que puede favorecer la correcta evolución de un área urbana. El objetivo de este texto es analizar en qué grado están presentes la necesidad de un buen diseño y una atención específica por las formas urbanas en los conceptos, el marco institucional y en determinadas prácticas que promueven la regeneración urbana. Para ello, el artículo comienza con una exploración evolutiva del concepto de regeneración urbana focalizada en la experiencia española. A continuación, se analiza el marco institucional que regula actualmente la regeneración urbana, así como las políticas de estímulo estatales que la promueven. Al encontrar en el escenario nacional (Plan Estatal 2013) algunas debilidades en torno al diseño urbano y espacio público, se compara con otro de reconocida influencia (Ley de Barrios 2004) con el fin de conocer el rol del diseño urbano en cada uno de ellos. Por último, el artículo analiza dos experiencias recientes realizadas en el marco de la Ley de Barrios –Santa Caterina i Sant Pere y Sant Ildefons, (en Barcelona y su área metropolitana)–, verificando la relevancia del diseño urbano en determinadas prácticas de regeneración.PALABRAS CLAVE: regeneración urbana, diseño urbano, espacio público, legislación urbanística, políticas de estímulo, BarcelonaThe institutional interest for integrated urban regeneration and the improvement of deprived urban fabric has increased in last years, being one of the main processes included in the new urban agenda. At this regard, many authors point out the systemic nature of the problems, of multiple dimensions, recognising in the quality of the form and the urban design a condition capable of favouring an urban area evolution. The purpose of this paper is to analyse to what extent the need for good design and specific attention to urban forms are present in concepts, institutional framework, and certain practices that urban regeneration promotes. To this end, the article begins with an evolutive exploration of urban regeneration concept, focusing on the Spanish experience. Next, the recent institutional framework is analysed, as well as the state policies that support urban regeneration. Finding in the national scenario (Plan Estatal 2013) some weaknesses around the urban design and public space, which it is compared with one of recognized influence (Ley de Barrios 2004), in order to know the role of urban design in each of them. Finally, the article analyses two recent experiences carried out within the ‘Ley de Barrios’ framework -Santa Caterina i Sant Pere and Sant Ildefons, (in Barcelona and its metropolitan area)-, verifying the urban design relevance in certain regeneration practices.KEYWORDS: urban regeneration, urban design, public space, planning law, stimulus policies, Barcelona

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Moschitz, Heidrun, Jan Landert, Christian Schader, and Rebekka Frick. "From Urban Agriculture to Urban Food." Nature and Culture 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2018.130106.

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Urban agriculture is embedded in an urban food system, and its full potential can only be understood by looking into the dynamics of the system. Involving a variety of actors from civil society, policy, and the market, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the food system of the city of Basel, Switzerland, including policy and actor analysis, analysis of perceptions on urban agriculture, food flow analysis, and a sustainability assessment. The article presents the results of these analyses and discusses how research can contribute to the societal debate on food systems transformation. We particularly reflect on how the research project became a boundary object in a dynamic process to develop new ideas and activities, as well as to create a space for future debates in the city’s food system.

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Deluka-Tibljaš, Aleksandra, Sanja Šurdonja, Sergije Babić, and Marijana Cuculić. "Analyses of urban pavement surface temperatures." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.30.

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Heat islands are areas that have higher air temperatures than their surroundings. It has been proven that the use of certain types of pavement surface materials contributes to the occurrence of heat islands. The heat island effect is dominant in urban areas, mainly in city centres. To identify potentially favourable pavement surface materials that are suitable for the use on surfaces in urban areas, an extensive analysis of in-place material temperatures was conducted in the city centre of Rijeka (Croatia) during the summer of 2011 and 2012. The measurements included temperatures of pavement surfaces made of asphalt, concrete and stone. The analysis results identified local materials whose use help to reduce or mitigate the effect of additional heating in the urban environment caused by emission of heat from pavement surfaces. In terms of additional heating of urbanized areas, asphalt has proven to be significantly less favourable than other analysed materials. In addition to the materials selected for the use in wearing courses, their characteristics and the microclimates of the locations where they will be placed must be taken into consideration. Among the standard paving materials, in terms of heating and temperature, concrete is more favourable than asphalt because the differences between concrete surface temperatures and air temperatures are significantly smaller than between asphalt surface temperatures and air temperatures. Stone surfaces have proven to be the most favourable. The analysis results presented can be used to establish clear guidelines for using specific materials under specific conditions.

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Teramura, Hirofumi, and Takao Uno. "Spatial Analyses of Harappan Urban Settlements." Ancient Asia 1 (December 1, 2006): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aa.06108.

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Karakayacı, Zuhal. "Regression Analysis for the Factor Affecting on Farm Land/Urban Land Value in Urban Sprawl." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1357-1361.1886.

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In this study, the factors affecting on land value in urban sprawl were analysed via regression analysis. In the analyse, the nominal value of land was taken to be dependent variable while factors affecting the value of the land in urban sprawl were considered to be independent variables. 9 factors that were thought to affect the value of the land were handled. In this study, 3 separate models were analyzed, and all models provided statistically significant results. The basic reason for applying three separate models is to be witness the effects by including the variables in different categories (environmental, social amenity and economical factors) separately to the model. As a result of these analyses, all of environmental, amenity and economic factors should be considered for valuation of urban sprawl.

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Steinberger, Marília. "A (re)construção de mitos sobre a (in)sustentabilidade do(no) espaço urbano." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no. 4 (May 31, 2001): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2001n4p9.

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O trabalho parte de uma leitura do conhecimento produzido sobre meio ambiente, no âmbito dos Encontros da Anpur dos anos 90, para discutir a emergência do meio ambiente urbano como área de investigação que constrói e reconstrói mitos sobre a sustentabilidade ou insustentabilidade do espaço urbano. Para tanto, numa primeira seção, são analisados documentos que constituem o marco institucional da área e realiza-se um breve resgate de marcos teórico-conceituais estabelecidos em algumas disciplinas, sugerindo que eles devem ser desconstruídos, para que o meio ambiente urbano seja apreendido com um olhar baseado em uma racionalidade não-instrumental. Na seção seguinte, são discutidos os focos social-histórico e político-espacial de três pares de noções/conceitos: ambiente/meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável/sustentabilidade e território/urbanização, para se chegar a um entendimento sobre sustentabilidade urbana. Tais focos orientam as questões centrais que perpassam a área: qualidade ambiental urbana, instrumentos de gestão ambiental e conflito de interesses entre os atores. À guisa de conclusão, mostra-se que, embora a maioria dos discursos sobre o meio ambiente urbano considere o espaço urbano como insustentável, há caminhos que apontam para uma definição da área.Palavras-chave: meio ambiente; sustentabilidade; espaço urbano. Abstract: The work is based on a study of knowledge concerning the environment, within the scope of the 1990s ANPUR Meetings, which discussed the emergence of the urban environment as a field of inquiry that constructs and reconstructs myths concerning the sustainability or unsustainability of urban space. To this end, the first section analyses documents which constitute the institutional imprint of the field, followed by a brief recollection of theoretical-conceptual landmarks established in some disciplines. It is suggested that these be deconstructed, so that the urban environment may be understood through a perspective based on a non-instrumental rationality. In the following section, the socio-historical and politico-spatial focuses of three pairs of notions/concepts are discussed: ambient-environment, sustainable development-sustainability and territory-urbanization, in order to arrive at an understanding of urban sustainability. Such focuses guide the central issues that are related to the field: urban environmental quality, instruments of environmental management and the conflict of interests among actors. In conclusion it is shown that, although most of the discourse on the urban environment considers urban space to be unsustainable, there are paths that point to a definition of the field.Keywords: environment; sustainability; urban space.

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Fernández-García, Manuel, Clemente J. Navarro, and Irene Gómez-Ramirez. "Evaluating Territorial Targets of European Integrated Urban Policy. The URBAN and URBANA Initiatives in Spain (1994–2013)." Land 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090956.

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Since the 1990s, the EU has promoted urban integrated programmes in vulnerable urban areas, combining top-down and bottom-up approaches to select the target areas. The bottom-up approach refers to selecting disadvantaged areas by municipalities, and the top-down approach deals with the eligibility criteria established by programmes. However, the level of compliance with these criteria among the areas selected is not usually evaluated. This study proposes a research strategy and analyses the URBAN and URBANA Initiatives in Spain (1994–2013). The objective is to evaluate the adequacy of selected areas through a methodology (effect size analysis) that assesses the level of vulnerability of urban areas defined in each city according to the criteria specified by the calls for proposals of the different urban regeneration programmes. According to the existing literature on the subject, a good selection of territorial targets is a fundamental element in the success of area-based interventions. The principal findings are that selected areas meet eligibility criteria, especially as regards urban fabric and unemployment. This article’s main contribution is to show that effect size analysis is an easy method to evaluate target selection in area-based policies from a methodological perspective. Together with centred measures of eligibility criteria (indicators), this methodological approach allows for comparisons between and within programmes and can be helpful to both practitioners or policy analysis scholars.

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Wang, Ling, Hao Zhong, Wangyue Huang, and Wanjing Ma. "Pedestrian Spatial Violation Analyses for Urban Roadways." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 146, no. 11 (November 2020): 04020125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jtepbs.0000400.

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Cao, Yin Gui, Zhen Zhou Du, Yuan Qing Lu, and Xue Jiao Song. "Driving Force Differences of Urban Construction Land Changes among Urban Agglomerations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.867.

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In this paper, the author compared the changes of urban construction land and driving forces in Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Peal River Delta urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2008, which was in order to find out the differences in changes laws and influential factors. The author introduced Correlation analysis, Co-integrated relationship and Granger causality test in metrology analyses to further research the relationship between urban construction land changes and driving forces.

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Marry, Solène. "Assessment of Urban Soundscapes." Organised Sound 16, no. 3 (November 15, 2011): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771811000252.

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This article presents the different tools for assessing soundscapes within urban public spaces and develops in particular the use of the sonic mind map. We will successively define the notions of sonic perception and representation, and sonic and spatial evaluation; we will approach the concept of soundscape and finally give details about the sonic mind-map tool. Through this tool, the soundscape of urban public spaces can be understood, not through speech analysis, but through spatial representations of memorised sonic ambiances.Investigation results based among other things on sonic mind-map analyses explain the significance of sonic spatialisation and of the sound source distance in urban soundscape assessment. Using the sonic mind map to analyse the sonic representations associated with certain urban spaces seems to be relevant for researchers in space sciences or even for urban planners.

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Antiporta, Daniel A., Liam Smeeth, Robert H. Gilman, and J. Jaime Miranda. "Length of urban residence and obesity among within-country rural-to-urban Andean migrants." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 7 (September 14, 2015): 1270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002578.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between length of residence in an urban area and obesity among Peruvian rural-to-urban migrants.DesignCross-sectional database analysis of the migrant group from the PERU MIGRANT Study (2007). Exposure was length of urban residence, analysed as both a continuous (10-year units) and a categorical variable. Four skinfold site measurements (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) were used to calculate body fat percentage and obesity (body fat percentage >25% males, >33% females). We used Poisson generalized linear models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and 95 % confidence intervals. Multicollinearity between age and length of urban residence was assessed using conditional numbers and correlation tests.SettingA peri-urban shantytown in the south of Lima, Peru.SubjectsRural-to-urban migrants (n 526) living in Lima.ResultsMultivariable analyses showed that for each 10-year unit increase in residence in an urban area, rural-to-urban migrants had, on average, a 12 % (95 % CI 6, 18 %) higher prevalence of obesity. This association was also present when length of urban residence was analysed in categories. Sensitivity analyses, conducted with non-migrant groups, showed no evidence of an association between 10-year age units and obesity in rural (P=0·159) or urban populations (P=0·078). High correlation and a large conditional number between age and length of urban residence were found, suggesting a strong collinearity between both variables.ConclusionsLonger lengths of urban residence are related to increased obesity in rural-to-urban migrant populations; therefore, interventions to prevent obesity in urban areas may benefit from targeting migrant groups.

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Nikezić, Ana. "Urban house transformation: From traditional to contemporary urban house: Part one: Development of the traditional urban family house." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 1, no. 2 (2009): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj0902131n.

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The principal aim of this research is maladjustment of the traditional family house space concept to the requirements of the contemporary city and to the needs of an urban emancipated citizen. New patterns of every-day life seek their sanctuary in new living models, striving to re-evaluate the current patterns and determine spatial and social frame for the development of the contemporary family house adjusted to the urbanity of the 21st century town. The main aim is to define the elements and characteristics of contemporary urbane family house spatial structure by establishing mutual support between private and public domain of every-day life, throughout observation and analyses of spatial concept of the traditional urban family house, and also throughout the examination of its transformation during the first and second half of the 20th century, and by establishing the potential and final limits of its growth at the beginning of the 21st century. The first part of the analysis deals with transformation of the traditional house structure and determination of basic elements of the traditional urban house.

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Huston, Simon, and Sébastien Darchen. "Urban regeneration." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 7, no. 2 (May 27, 2014): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-01-2013-0005.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review sustainable planning literature and investigate a major development in an Australian regional city, looking for broad sustainable insights to improve urban growth management. Design/methodology/approach – First, the authors sketched the backdrop to Ipswich and looked for the drivers propelling its rapid growth. They then generated a sustainability framework from the urban regeneration literature. In the empirical phase, they analysed a major development – the Icon project. They evaluated three of five regeneration domains using secondary sources, site observations and interviews with stakeholders and experts. Findings – First, each city’s situation is unique, so the authors proffer no simplistic development formula. Internally, cities, including Ipswich, are spatially fragmented. Second, urban regeneration extends temporally and spatially beyond the project site boundaries or deadlines. Diminished property-driven regeneration neglects the social dimensions to sustainable housing or relegates it to an afterthought, but community participation is insufficient. Government needs to seed or drive (directly or via incentives) substantive social transformation. Projects supported with credible community social development are less risky, but, in competing for investment funds, local government can rush approve unsuitable projects. Research limitations/implications – The analysis focused on the planning and urban design aspects of the project. Only limited demographic, economic and social analyses were conducted, and the study would also benefit from interviews with a broader sample of experts. Practical implications – Sustainable urban regeneration needs to consider not only the unique mix of regional growth drivers and constraints, but also specific local precinct characteristics. Intelligently configured community consultation should inform but not dilute design leadership. Originality/value – This work investigates appropriate urban responses to growth pressure for sustainable outcomes in fast-growing regional cities.

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Wang, Xiao Ming, and Ying Lv. "Analyses of the Model Design of Urban Emergency Management System." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5448.

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In order to tackle the insufficiency of policies of urban crisis management and conform to the ability to deal with urban crisis, it asks to establish a comprehensive emergency management system. Under this circumstance, this paper puts forward a general framework of urban crisis, analyzing the corresponding key technologies of the system and founding a risk rating evaluation model of urban natural calamities based on the improvement of projection pursuit so as to offer scientific basis to the effective establishment and application of the evaluation system and the enhancement of the abilities to urban disaster emergency.

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Pratt, Geraldine. "FEMINIST ANALYSES OF THE RESTRUCTURING OF URBAN LIFE." Urban Geography 11, no. 6 (November 1990): 594–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.11.6.594.

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Nylund, Katarina. "Cultural Analyses in Urban Theory of the 1990s." Acta Sociologica 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000169901750528340.

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Larson, Sharon L., and John A. Fleishman. "Analyses of National Data Using Urban Influence Codes." Medical Care 41 (July 2003): III—65—III—74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200307007-00008.

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Zhang, Yan, Zhifeng Yang, and Wei Li. "Analyses of urban ecosystem based on information entropy." Ecological Modelling 197, no. 1-2 (August 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.032.

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Wurbs, Ralph A. "State-Frequency Analyses for Urban Flood Control Reservoirs." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2002)7:1(35).

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Shiferaw Tessema, Negussie, Chalachew Getahun Desta, Nigatu Regassa Geda, and Terefe Degefa Boshera. "Residential inequalities in child mortality in Ethiopia: Multilevel and decomposition analyses." International Journal of Population Studies 7, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ijps.v7i2.392.

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Ethiopia is among the five countries which account for half of the global under-five deaths, with the under-five mortality rate of 67 deaths/1000 live births in 2016. Ethiopia had significant inequalities in child mortality between rural and urban areas where the risk of child mortality is largely higher in rural than urban areas. Inequalities in the distribution of factors influencing child mortality need to explain the gap between and within urban-rural areas. The study used the risk of child mortality as an outcome variable. Multilevel logistic regression was used as a standard model for assessing the effect of socioeconomic and contextual factors on child mortality. Furthermore, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used to explain the urban-rural, intra-rural, and intra-urban inequalities in child mortality. The birth order and sanitation type seem to be the most important explanatory factors, followed by wealth status in explaining the rural-urban inequality of 39 deaths/1000 children. Mean proportion indicates that there would be 47 deaths/1000 children for urban poor and 21 deaths/1000 children for urban non-poor, resulting in 26 deaths/1000 children change in urban poor when applying the urban non-poor coefficient and characteristics to urban poor behavior. The findings showed that some residential inequalities in child mortality occur at a level that could be addressed by targeting children, households, and some occurs at a community level that could be addressed by targeting regions. Therefore, any residential sensitive and specific interventions should consider child’s and household’s characteristics, and geographical location.

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Galušková, I., L. Borůvka, and O. Drábek. "Urban soil contamination by potentially risk elements." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 2 (May 30, 2011): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/55/2010-swr.

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A high displacement of inhabitants into large towns, presence of industry, and constantly growing traffic have a high impact on the environment and considerable exposure of human health to environmental risks. Therefore, putting emphasis on the best environmental quality is necessary. In this work, the pollution level of urban parks was studied, the influence of the type of pollution source was analysed, and the effect of shading by trees was studied. The analyses were carried out on soil samples taken from thirteen parks in two towns of the Czech Republic, in Prague, a town considered to be mainly residential, and Ostrava, a predominantly industrial town (steel working plant). The sampling points were selected to cover the whole towns equally. In each park, two sampling points were chosen, the first one under trees, the second one in the open area. The sampling was done in the summer of 2006 in the depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm. In addition to basic soil analyses performed by routine methods, potentially risk elements (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and As) in cold 2M HNO<sub>3</sub> extract were determined. Differences between the sampling points shaded and not shaded by trees were evidenced, with higher concentrations of risk elements under trees. The element contents differed between both towns as well. Significantly higher values of lead (mean 86 mg/kg) and copper (mean 28 mg/kg) were found in Prague, as a traffic consequence, compared to Ostrava, where lead reached the mean of 41 mg/kg and copper of 18 mg/kg. Maximum permissible limits were exceeded in Ostrava parks especially with Cd, in Prague with Pb.

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Rusu, Mihai S. "Gendering Urban Namescapes." Names 70, no. 2 (June 3, 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2022.2233.

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The gender relations of power embedded within the urban landscape and materialized in street nomenclature remain an underexplored topic in place-name studies. This paper situates the gendered spaces of street names within the broader investigation of identity politics played out in the public space. Drawing on scholarship from “critical toponymies”, this article diachronically examines the gender patterning of urban nomenclature in a city from Eastern Europe (Sibiu, formerly Hermannstadt, Romania). For this purpose, a dataset was compiled from the entire street nomenclature of the city across seven successive historical periods, from 1875 to 2020 (n = 2,766). The statistical analyses performed on this dataset revealed a “masculine default” as a structuring principle underpinning Sibiu’s urban namescape for the two centuries investigated. As this analysis demonstrates, contrary to the overall democratization of the Romanian post-socialist society, Sibiu’s streetscape continues to tell a patriarchal story informed by hegemonic masculinity.

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Feldman, Sarah. "Avanços e limites na historiografia da legislação urbanística no Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no. 4 (May 31, 2001): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2001n4p33.

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a produção recente no campo da história da legislação urbanística no Brasil, procurando detectar avanços e limites para a reflexão sobre desenvolvimento urbano e práticas urbanísticas. O texto organiza-se em três eixos analíticos. Em primeiro lugar, procura-se situar os trabalhos no processo de disseminação de estudos da história urbana no Brasil, vinculando-os ao movimento de ampliação do território da história que ocorre na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, a partir dos anos 60, com a chamada História Nova. Em segundo, baseado em um panorama da produção recente, são detectadas as vertentes dominantes e emergentes nos trabalhos sobre legislação. Em terceiro, são discutidos dois aspectos que se configuram como lacunas na historiografia da legislação: o lugar ocupado pelas normas, a partir do momento em que idéias e práticas urbanísticas têm um espaço institucionalizado na administração pública; e o lugar dos pressupostos modernistas na legislação brasileira, visto que o movimento modernista formula a proposta de um novo sistema legal para o urbanismo.Palavras-chave: legislação urbanística; história; movimento moderno. Abstract: This paper analyses recent developments in the history of Brazilian urban legislation, pointing out the progress made and limits faced, as a basis for reflection in the debate on urban development and planning practice. The analysis is divided into three parts. The first relates the dissemination of urban historical research in Brazil to the expansion of the field of history which began in the 1960s with the "New History" movement in Europe and the United States. The second part sets out the dominant and emerging approaches to urban legislation. Finally, there is a discussion of two aspects that are seen as gaps in the history of urban legislation: the role of norms, as the ideas and practices of urban planning become institutionalised within public administration, and the influences of modernist ideas on Brazilian urban legislation, taking into account that the modern movement proposes a new legal system for urban planning.Keywords: urban legislation; history; modernist movement.

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Kamenská, Miroslava, and Katarína Smatanová. "The impacts of climate change on urban structures in Slovak cities: Identifying vulnerable urban structures." Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alfa-2022-0005.

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Abstract In the coming decades, our cities will face extreme weather caused by climate change, which they will have to adopt. Adaptation of the urban environment is attracting the growing attention of planners, researchers, and policy makers in Slovakia and around the world. As essential for urban environment, the National Adaptation Strategy identified the adaptation at local level, which represents the participation of municipalities, supports the development of local adaptation strategies and subsequent implementation of actions that provide the cities with stronger sustainability and resilience. Within the last 8 years since the adoption of the national strategy, only 8 out of 141 Slovak cities in total elaborated an adaptation strategy that could be considered for further investigation. Consequently, this paper aims to broaden our knowledge of the two most significant impacts of climate change–heatwaves and floods–on urban structures in Slovak cities and validate the importance of spatial vulnerability analyses as a considerable tool for the expected unified national methodology for developing local adaptation strategies. The study examines analyses of spatial vulnerability to heat-waves in Hlohovec, Košice – Západ, and Trnava, and analyses of spatial vulnerability to floods in Hlohovec and Kežmarok, developed as part of vulnerability assessment within the framework of adaptation strategies of these cities. The analyses selected for comparison allow us to identify vulnerable urban structures and provide a deeper understanding of the causes of vulnerability in Slovakia, which is crucial for the development of adaptation strategies in the future and the building of resilience in Slovak cities. The article provides an exploratory spatial analysis of vulnerability hotspots. Based on the findings, it outlines the principles of spatial planning and urban structures that are resilient to the impacts of heatwaves and floods.

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Soldić Frleta, Daniela, and Dora Smolčić Jurdana. "Seasonal variation in urban tourist satisfaction." Tourism Review 73, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 344–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-09-2017-0148.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to detect the differences in satisfaction levels with regard to different elements of the city tourism offering during the season and off-season. Furthermore, the aim is to find out what factors determine the satisfaction of season and off-season tourists. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the results of a survey conducted during 2016 in Opatija and Rijeka (Croatia). The analyses were conducted on a sample of 1,249 respondents. Data analysis included principal component analyses, ANOVA and series of regression analyses. Findings Results confirmed that there is a significant difference in overall satisfaction, as well as in all five satisfaction dimensions, between tourists visiting the cities during the season and those visiting in the pre- and post-season. In addition, simple regression analyses revealed that tourists staying in those cities during the peak season expressed a statistically significant higher level of satisfaction than those visiting in the pre- and post-season. However, no statistically significant difference was found in overall satisfaction and in four out of five satisfaction dimensions, between pre- and post-season tourists. Practical implications The findings have relevant implications for destination managers in their further decisions aimed at developing a more satisfactory tourism offering in the season and off-season. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper lies in the connection between tourist satisfaction and the season of their visit, as previous studies have rarely considered the season when analysing tourist satisfaction with the destination offering.

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26

Mirkov, Andjelka. "Urban social sustainability: A concept analysis." Sociologija 54, no. 1 (2012): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1201055m.

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The paper analyses the concept of urban social sustainability in order to provide a systematization of the main ideas contained in various interpretations of the term. First, it deals with the problems and dilemmas in defining the term of urban social sustainability, showing complexity of the idea and disagreements about its interpretation. Then it discusses the relation between the main dimensions of sustainable development for the purpose of explaining the two complement approaches to urban social sustainability. One approach sees urban social sustainability as a mean of achieving environmental and economic sustainability, while the other approach analyses urban social sustainability as a value in itself. A significant part of the paper concerns the dominant concepts within the discourse of urban social sustainability. Normative principles and operational dimensions of the term may be derived on the basis of these concepts.

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27

ROÈ˜U, Lucian Ionut, and Ana Maria OIÈ˜TE. "Urban Landscape Patterns of Iași City. Analysing City Relations Between Urban Land use, Topography and Inhabitants Pressure Upon Urban Morphology." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 71, no. 1 (May 29, 2014): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9859.

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The quality of urban environment has increasingly been regarded as an important matter, being analysed from different points of view (quality of life, economic trends, accessibility to major facilities etc.). In this study case, we use Iași Municipality for analysing city-wide relationships betwen anthtropogenic factors (landuse, connectivity, population density, occurence of urban facilities) and natural ones (topographic features transformed into landslide susceptability). The indicators taken into consideration, appended into an factorial analyses are predictors for changing environment in a dynamic context. Connectivity is the most influent factor, having the capability to reshape the structure of density of population or occurence of facilities whence they modify the shape of the entire city. The landscape patterns of Iași city reveal a different image upon landuse of the city, creating an integral display upon the urban area analysed.

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Kim, Sungil, and Jinho Lee. "2E21 Dynamic analyses and field tests of Incheon urban maglev train-guideway interaction system(Infrastructure)." Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed-up and Service Technology for Railway and Maglev Systems : STECH 2015 (2015): _2E21–1_—_2E21–7_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmestech.2015._2e21-1_.

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Lu, Shiwei, Chaoyang Shi, and Xiping Yang. "Impacts of Built Environment on Urban Vitality: Regression Analyses of Beijing and Chengdu, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234592.

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The loss of urban vitality is an important problem in the development of urban central areas. Analyzing the correlation between urban built environment and urban vitality supports urban planning and design. However, current research excludes the study of how consistent built environment factors affect urban vitality of cities with different development situations. Therefore, using social media check-in data, this paper measures neighborhood vibrancy in urban central areas in Beijing and Chengdu, China. Four levels of spatial information were used to measure the built environment: regulatory planning management unit (RPMU), land use, road network, and building. Regression model is used to quantify the correlation between urban vitality and the built environment of these two cities. The study found a strong correlation between built environment factors and urban vitality. Among the built environment factors, points of interest (POI) diversity and public transport accessibility indicators were strongly positively correlated with neighborhood vibrancy. However, the density indicators had totally different effects on urban vitality of cities with different development situations, which is excluded in existing studies. This research strengthens the practical understanding of the compact city concept, and can support the design and planning of urban built environment.

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Miles, Lindsay S., Rodney J. Dyer, and Brian C. Verrelli. "Urban hubs of connectivity: contrasting patterns of gene flow within and among cities in the western black widow spider." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1884 (August 2018): 20181224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1224.

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As urbanization drastically alters the natural landscape and generates novel habitats within cities, the potential for changes to gene flow for urban-dwelling species increases. The western black widow spider ( Latrodectus hesperus ) is a medically relevant urban adapter pest species, for which we have previously identified population genetic signatures consistent with urbanization facilitating gene flow, likely due to human-mediated transport. Here, in an analysis of 1.9 million genome-wide SNPs, we contrast broad-scale geographical analyses of 10 urban and 11 non-urban locales with fine-scale within-city analyses including 30 urban locales across the western USA. These hierarchical datasets enable us to test hypotheses of how urbanization impacts multiple urban cities and their genetic connectivity at different spatial scales. Coupled fine-scale and broad-scale analyses reveal contrasting patterns of high and low genetic differentiation among locales within cities as a result of low and high genetic connectivity, respectively, of these cities to the overall population network. We discuss these results as they challenge the use of cities as replicates of urban eco-evolution, and have implications for conservation and human health in a rapidly growing urban habitat.

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Zheng, Bohong, Francis Masrabaye, Gerald Madjissembaye Guiradoumngué, Jian Zheng, and Linlin Liu. "Progress in Research on Sustainable Urban Renewal Since 2000: Library and Visual Analyses." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084154.

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Urban renewal is an ideal approach to promoting the value of the urban fabric and improving the sustainability of the urban environment. This study, which shows the continuity of research on sustainable urban renewal, aimed to identify sustainable urban renewal literature based on a library analysis of scientific research since 2000. A total of 3971 scientific papers from the SCIE (Science Citation Index Expanded) and SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index) databases were reviewed to examine how research concerning “sustainable urban renewal” has emerged and developed in the past 20 years. The h-indices and impact factors of the most relevant journals in urban renewal and sustainable development since 2000 were analyzed. The most frequently cited articles were analyzed using analysis of social networks (VOSviewer). The results revealed potential future focuses of research and guidelines that link urban renewal and sustainability: the engagement of all stakeholders in the decision-making process; the involvement of residents in projects; the development of cooperation between towns and cities; the preservation and reuse of built and industrial heritage while respecting environmental law; and, finally, the search for new financing techniques. These potential future research topics were analyzed in four research areas so that sustainable development can easily be integrated into an urban renewal project.

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32

King, Roger. "Urban Politics and Markets." British Journal of Political Science 15, no. 2 (April 1985): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000712340000418x.

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The study of urban politics has undergone considerable change over the last ten to fifteen years. During the 1950s and 1960s the ‘community power’ approach became well-established in American political science as the dominant form of analysis of local politics, although it was less marked in Britain. In contrast, and in part as reaction, to the ecological determinism and naturalistic explanation of the Chicago school in urban sociology that preceded it, power and decision making were seen as key features in explaining urban processes. Intentionality and human action were afforded explanatory dominance. In turn, however, this approach came under sustained critique as part of the ‘anti-behaviouralist’ or structuralist resurgence in Western social science in the 1970s which attributed causal primacy to structural determination and system contradictions, not actors or voluntarism. Yet structural approaches face methodological problems of functionalism and circularity, and in constructing tests of empirical adequacy and falsifiability. Some of the more interesting, recently-published work in urban politics seeks to maintain a non-behaviouralist, more structuralist interpretation of local policy outcomes within empirically-grounded analyses that allow space for politics and power. Dunleavy, Friedland and Saunders provided three of the best examples of such an approach, and have each sought to understand either a particular policy, or a set of policies in a particular locality, through frameworks which in varying degrees incorporate structuralist assumptions. They seek to apply objective cost-benefit analyses of public policies as empirically refutable hypotheses and accept the necessity of objective criteria for assessing whether or not interests have been met in any given situation. This article examines the extent to which these selected ‘non-behaviouralist’ interpretations of urban politics have successfully been applied to empirical contexts. A central element in this examination is a consideration of the way in which business is seen as a major influence in local politics.

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Cintolesi, Carlo, Francesco Barbano, and Silvana Di Sabatino. "Large-Eddy Simulation Analyses of Heated Urban Canyon Facades." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113078.

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Thermal convective flows are common phenomena in real urban canyons and strongly affect the mechanisms of pollutant removal from the canyon. The present contribution aims at investigating the complex interaction between inertial and thermal forces within the canyon, including the impacts on turbulent features and pollutant removal mechanisms. Large-eddy simulations reproduce infinitely long square canyons having isothermal and differently heated facades. A scalar source on the street mimics the pollutant released by traffic. The presence of heated facades triggers convective flows which generate an interaction region around the canyon-ambient interface, characterised by highly energetic turbulent fluxes and an increase of momentum and mass exchange. The presence of this region of high mixing facilitates the pollutant removal across the interface and decreases the urban canopy drag. The heating-up of upwind facade determines favourable convection that strengthens the primary internal vortex and decreases the pollutant concentration of the whole canyon by 49% compare to the isothermal case. The heating-up of the downwind facade produces adverse convection counteracting the wind-induced motion. Consequently, the primary vortex is less energetic and confined in the upper-canyon area, while a region of almost zero velocity and high pollution concentration (40% more than the isothermal case) appears at the pedestrian level. Finally, numerical analyses allow a definition of a local Richardson number based on in-canyon quantities only and a new formulation is proposed to characterise the thermo-dynamics regimes.

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Nunes, Valdirene Henrique, Flávio Cipriano de Assis do Carmo, Yasmim Yathiara Gomes Araújo Morais, Patrícia Carneiro Souto, Vinicius Staynne Gomes Ferreira, Hanne Alves Bakke, Pompeu Paes Guimarães, and Giselle Lemos Moreira. "Posture Analyses and Biomechanical Evaluation of Urban Pruning Activities." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2019/45354.

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Louiza, Haddad, Haddad Djamel, and Aouachria Zéroual. "NOISE POLLUTION ANALYSES IN URBAN CITES: BATNA CITY CASE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT ENGINEERING 6, no. 3 (September 2016): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7708/ijtte.2016.6(3).02.

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36

Grubert, John P. "Urban Airborne and Blood Lead Analyses Using Neural Networks." Journal of Transportation Engineering 123, no. 1 (January 1997): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(1997)123:1(69).

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FINCHER, RUTH. "Women In The City: Feminist Analyses of Urban Geography." Australian Geographical Studies 28, no. 1 (April 1990): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1990.tb00619.x.

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38

Lee, Dongwoo, and Kyushik Oh. "Classifying urban climate zones (UCZs) based on statistical analyses." Urban Climate 24 (June 2018): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.06.005.

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39

Demirel, Hande, and Wasim Shoman. "Spatio-Temporal Analyses for Dynamic Urban Road Network Management." Transportation Research Procedia 22 (2017): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.03.070.

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Razmjoo, Armin, Andreas Sumper, Mousa Marzband, Afshin Davarpanah, Ahmad Shahhoseini, and Shayan Sarlak. "Energy sustainability analyses using feasible indicators for urban areas." International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 3, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42108-019-00022-y.

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41

Jacobs-Crisioni, Chris, Piet Rietveld, and Eric Koomen. "The impact of spatial aggregation on urban development analyses." Applied Geography 47 (February 2014): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.11.014.

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Alves Filho, Elenilson G., Luci Sartori, Lorena M. A. Silva, Bianca F. Silva, Pedro S. Fadini, Ronald Soong, Andre Simpson, and Antonio G. Ferreira. "Non-targeted analyses of organic compounds in urban wastewater." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 53, no. 9 (October 29, 2014): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.4169.

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43

Nascimento, Mara Regina do. "A IRMANDADE DO SENHOR DOS PASSOS E A SANTA CASA DE MISERICÓRDIA: HISTÓRIA, CARIDADE E EXPERIÊNCIAS DE URBANIDADE EM PORTO ALEGRE/RS. SÉCULOS XVIII-XIX "The 'Senhor dos Passos' brotherhood and the Holy House of Mercy..."." PARALELLUS Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP 5, no. 9 (August 3, 2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25247/paralellus.2014.v5n9.p93-118.

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Este artigo propõe-se a ser uma colaboração com os estudos dedicados às irmandades religiosas brasileiras, na sua face regional. A linha de pensamento adotada toma a cidade, a experiência urbana e as ditas associações religiosas como instâncias sociais intimamente relacionadas e interdependentes. Durante o século XIX, a irmandade gestora da Santa Casa de Misericórdia em Porto Alegre cumpria um papel fundamental não apenas para a composição material de seu espaço, mas igualmente para conferir-lhe o status de importante cidade dentro do mosaico urbano que compunha o Império brasileiro. Tomando por base o histórico de ações concretas da irmandade, como a construção do Hospital, as iniciativas para a caridade e filantropia e a promoção das festas litúrgicas, este artigo analisa o vínculo indissociável entre o associativismo católico e o estilo de vida urbano dos setecentos e oitocentos. Palavras-chave: Irmandades Religiosas. Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Cultura Urbana.AbstractThis paper intends to collaborate with other works dedicated to the study of brazilian religious brotherhoods, in their regional aspect. The line of thought adopted takes the city, the urban experience and the religious associations above mentioned as closely related and interdependent social instances. During the XIX century, the brotherhood in charge of the Holy House of Mercy in the city of Porto Alegre played a fundamental role, not just in the material composition of the urban space, but also in giving it the status of an important city within the urban mosaic comprised by the Brazilian Empire. Based on the (historic of) concrete actions of this brotherhood, as were the construction of the Hospital, the creation of a social representation for the notion of charity, and the promotion of liturgic feasts, this article analyses the unbreakable bond between catholic associativism and the urban lifestyle of the XVIII and XIX centuries.Keywords: Religious Brotherhoods. Holy House of Mercy. Urban Culture.

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Maira Muniz Almeida, Wanda, and Eliane Guaraldo. "Urban Green Equity." Life Style 8, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19141/2237-3756.lifestyle.v8.n2.p64-74.

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The growing concern with the impacts of climate change and the fast urbanization of cities has led international policies to guide changes in attitudes by governments and civil society, directing effective models of sustainable governance aimed at environmental health and equal access for society environmental benefits. In this study, we seek to understand the evolution of research and scientific production on a topic of great relevance today – green equity. Through scientometric analysis based on a systematic literature review, we analyzed articles published in the period between 1992 and 2021. We used the open source R-tool Biblioshiny, which processes information from academic databases to carry out the analyses. Through this methodology it was possible to identify the main fields of research and relate the results obtained with important historical milestones for sustainable development. We also seek to highlight the evolution of research lines and highlight the significant flows in the global collaboration network. We found that the theme of green equity was driven by international agendas such as the SDG and has been gaining more space in scientific production, linked to a greater variety of issues such as climate change, accessibility to green spaces, ecosystem services, green infrastructure and socioeconomic issues.

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Hermand, Séverine, and Monica García Quesada. "Rethinking the Impact of Urban Form in Sustainable Urban Planning Policy." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n2p325.

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This paper examines how urban form affects the sustainable development of cities. It look at the case of Brussels, a city and a region with a very distinctive position in Belgium and in Europe, where public and political institutions have developed together detailed management plans to ensure the responsible management of the city in environment, social and economic terms. The paper first examines the concept of urban form and its constituent features. It then analyses two main questions: How can urban form indicators be integrated in decision-making process for sustainable urban planning? What urban development priorities are in place in Brussels-Capital Region and how do they impact the urban form development of the city? By proposing an analysis on the notion of urban form in Brussels-Capital Region, this paper intends to equip designers and decision makers with a better overview the type of city environmental strategies that can be deployed in the early stages of urban development projects. Keywords: Urban form, Density, Polycentric, Brussels-Capital Region, Policy development

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Covington, Kenya L. "Poverty Suburbanization: Theoretical Insights and Empirical Analyses." Social Inclusion 3, no. 2 (April 9, 2015): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i2.120.

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Today almost every major metropolitan area in the U.S. has experienced rising poverty at a rate that surpasses its urban core (Kneebone & Berube, 2013, p. 2). Poverty suburbanization has accelerated about 3.3 percentage points over the last decade. In this article, factors associated with the growing share of poor in suburbs in the 100 largest metropolitan areas were examined. The analysis sought to address the overarching question: what metropolitan factors are associated with poverty suburbanization? Poverty suburbanization growth rates and temporal changes in metropolitan level factors for 2000 and 2008 are highlighted. Change regression results reveal important macro level and within suburb effects illuminating recent changes in the spatial distribution of the poor. Positive changes in housing affordability appear to open up access to suburban neighborhoods, while metropolitan job decentralization and residential segregation have countervailing effects on the suburbanization of the poor. Findings from this paper suggest that it is appropriate to place the suburbanization of poverty in the contemporary period within an urban political economy framework of urban growth and change.

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47

Dugato, Marco. ""Crime in the city": an analysis of the connections between crime, urban scale, and urban centrality." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 129 (November 2022): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2022-129005.

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This study analyses the connection between crime and the structural characteristics of mu-nicipalities. The first part compares the concentration of different crime types in the municipali-ties ranked by their population size across eight countries worldwide. The second part anal-yses the relationships between crime rates, urban scale and urban hierarchy among the Italian municipalities. The analysis suggests that both urban scale and hierarchy are relevant for un-derstanding crime rates.

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48

Lee, Dongwoo, Kyushik Oh, and Seunghyun Jung. "Classifying Urban Climate Zones (UCZs) Based on Spatial Statistical Analyses." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2019): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071915.

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The objective of this study is the classification of urban climate zones (UCZs) based on spatial statistical approaches to provide key information for the establishment of thermal environments to improve urban planning. To achieve this, using data from 246 automatic weather stations (AWSs), air temperature maps in the summer of the study area were prepared applying universal kriging interpolation analysis. In addition, 22 preliminary variables to classify UCZs were prepared by a 100 m × 100 m grid. Next, six influential urban spatial variables to classify UCZs were finalized using spatial regression analysis between air temperature and preliminary variables. Finally, the UCZs of the study area were delineated by applying K-mean clustering analysis, and each spatial characteristic of the UCZs was identified. The results found that the accuracy of the air temperature of the study area ranged from ±0.184 °C to ±0.824 °C with a mean 0.501 root mean square predict error (RMSPE). Elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), commercial area, average height of buildings, terrain roughness class, building height to road width (H/W) ratio, distance from subway stations, and distance from water spaces were identified as finalized variables to classify UCZs. Finally, a total of 8 types of UCZs were identified and each zone showed a different urban spatial pattern and air temperature range. Based on the spatial statistical analysis results, this study delineated clearer UCZs boundaries by applying influential urban spatial elements that resulted from previous classification studies of UCZs mainly based on pre-determined spatial variables. The methods presented in this study can be effectively applied to other cities to establish urban heat island counter measures that have similar weather observation conditions.

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49

Baffoe, Gideon. "Rural-urban studies: A macro analyses of the scholarship terrain." Habitat International 98 (April 2020): 102156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102156.

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Catana, Rodica D., Aurelia Podosu, Larisa I. Florescu, Raluca A. Mihai, Mădălin Enache, Roxana Cojoc, and Mirela Moldoveanu. "Quantitative Analyses of Chemical Elements in Phragmites australis as Bioindication of Anthropization in Urban Lakes." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010553.

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Urban areas face numerous provocations, such as air, water, and soil contamination. Additionally, urban lakes have numerous beneficial services that contribute to urban sustainability. In urban aquatic ecosystems, X-ray fluorescence can provide complex answers regarding the presence of elements associated with environmental risk. The study aimed to screen the elements with different potentials (critical raw materials—CRMs; toxic; potentially toxic) from Phragmites australis leaves along the Colentina urban river. The samples from the peri-urban and urban river courses highlighted the presence of elements with different potentials for ecosystems and human health. The investigated stations were influenced by regional anthropogenic pressures, where P. australis highlighted the absorption of the dominant elements found in the environment. From the total of 56 elements present in the samples, some have structural roles (K, Si, Ca, and Cl), some are from the CRM category, and some are airborne heavy metals and rare metals. Furthermore, among CRMs, cesium, lanthanum, magnesium, phosphorus, vanadium, sulfur, holmium, and titanium were recorded with higher values. Although the values of the elements in the anthropogenic source were in low concentrations, spatial differences were highlighted. The stations in agricultural areas were different from the peri-urban and urban ones.

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