Дисертації з теми "Urbain de fond"
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Dufresne, Marvin. "Sources et déterminants des composés organiques volatils à Marseille." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022MTLD0007.
Volatil Organic Compounds (VOC) are key species because of their role as precursors of secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). However, the knowledge on VOC emissions remains insufficient, leading to high uncertainties on emission inventories and consequently on chemistry-transport models (CTM) which are crucial for the successful implementation of efficient air quality policies. This lack of information is all the more critical in the Mediterranean basin since this region is particularly affected by air pollution and climate change. In order to provide new knowledge on the sources and factors controlling VOC in this region, an 18-months field campaign took place from March 2019 to August 2020 in Marseille. It allowed to obtain a unique database of 70 non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) compounds for the study of the evolution of the VOC composition of the atmosphere of Marseille. The analysis of observations using the source-receptor model PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization), allowed to determine eight major NMHC emission sources for the measured compounds. Road traffic is the main emitter of these compounds in Marseille in all the seasons contributing to 40% of concentrations whereas residential heating contributes to 20% in winter. A sharp decrease of the NMHC emissions due to road traffic has been observed in Spring 2020 associated to the lockdown due to the sanitary crisis of Covid-19. An industrial source has been identified as high emitter of xylenes, species with a high potential on SOA formation. Global, regional and local emission inventories were compared to each other with the observations in the Marseille area. A high variability on the total VOC emissions but a very good agreement on the VOC emissions from road traffic. This comparison showed the chemical speciation of VOC emission sources is significantly higher for the inventories in the case of HCNM emitted by combustion (alkenes and aromatics) possibly due to an overestimation of residential heating. In addition, the study showed a difference in chemical composition for road traffic between the local emission inventory and observations
Tiger, Guillaume. "Synthèse sonore d'ambiances urbaines pour les applications vidéoludiques." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0968/document.
In video gaming and interactive media, the making of complex sound ambiences relies heavily on the allowed memory and computational resources. So a compromise solution is necessary regarding the choice of audio material and its treatment in order to reach immersive and credible real-time ambiences. Alternatively, the use of procedural audio techniques, i.e. the generation of audio content relatively to the data provided by the virtual scene, has increased in recent years. Procedural methodologies seem appropriate to sonify complex environments such as virtual cities.In this thesis we specifically focus on the creation of interactive urban sound ambiences. Our analysis of these ambiences is based on the Soundscape theory and on a state of art on game oriented urban interactive applications. We infer that the virtual urban soundscape is made of several perceptive auditory grounds including a background. As a first contribution we define the morphological and narrative properties of such a background. We then consider the urban background sound as a texture and propose, as a second contribution, to pinpoint, specify and prototype a granular synthesis tool dedicated to interactive urban sound backgrounds.The synthesizer prototype is created using the visual programming language Pure Data. On the basis of our state of the art, we include an urban ambiences recording methodology to feed the granular synthesis. Finally, two validation steps regarding the prototype are described: the integration to the virtual city simulation Terra Dynamica on the one side and a perceptive listening comparison test on the other
Tiger, Guillaume. "Synthèse sonore d'ambiances urbaines pour les applications vidéoludiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0968.
In video gaming and interactive media, the making of complex sound ambiences relies heavily on the allowed memory and computational resources. So a compromise solution is necessary regarding the choice of audio material and its treatment in order to reach immersive and credible real-time ambiences. Alternatively, the use of procedural audio techniques, i.e. the generation of audio content relatively to the data provided by the virtual scene, has increased in recent years. Procedural methodologies seem appropriate to sonify complex environments such as virtual cities.In this thesis we specifically focus on the creation of interactive urban sound ambiences. Our analysis of these ambiences is based on the Soundscape theory and on a state of art on game oriented urban interactive applications. We infer that the virtual urban soundscape is made of several perceptive auditory grounds including a background. As a first contribution we define the morphological and narrative properties of such a background. We then consider the urban background sound as a texture and propose, as a second contribution, to pinpoint, specify and prototype a granular synthesis tool dedicated to interactive urban sound backgrounds.The synthesizer prototype is created using the visual programming language Pure Data. On the basis of our state of the art, we include an urban ambiences recording methodology to feed the granular synthesis. Finally, two validation steps regarding the prototype are described: the integration to the virtual city simulation Terra Dynamica on the one side and a perceptive listening comparison test on the other
Paim, Alessandra Bonotto Hoffmann. "A agricultura urbana e as suas contribuições para a segurança alimentar e o desenvolvimento mais sustentável das pequenas municipalidades : estudo de caso : hortas domésticas no Município de Feliz/RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181262.
The following research proposal emerges from the reflection of our current food production system and cities supply and their consequences to the environment and to city people’s health. Presently, there is a movement towards food production comeback in cities, where the majority of the present world population lives. Such movement has the goal of reducing the environmental impacts caused by intensive farming, as well as providing fair access to healthier food, at more affordable prices. Sustainable development aims at resilient systems of production, as well as on safer and more self-reliant cities. A self-reliant city provides basic infrastructure, keeping it into its ecological footprint. During the search for alternatives for more sustainable cities planning, the concept of urban agriculture (UA) was identified, more specifically backyard food production. Home food gardens, considered to be one of the oldest ways of producing food, seem to be UA’s most successful strategy to increase family food security, besides providing a number of added benefits. This way, the main goal of this research is contributing to a better understanding on how residential food gardens can constitute a strategy to increase food security in cities, particularly in urban areas and small towns aiming a higher degree of sustainability. For the development of this study, two specific research strategies were used: literature review and case study. The research was carried out in three steps: comprehension, development and reflection. In the comprehension step, a literature review was made in order to better understand the subject and to look for subsidies for the following steps. In the development step, an exploratory study on the object of study was made. The object of study was the municipality of Feliz (RS), where the goal was to evaluate in what extent residential food gardens could supply a family’s necessities of food and what other benefits it could provide to urban inhabitants, and, on a second stage, a methodology was developed to assess the potential of the area of study with regard to food self-reliance. In the reflection step, the results of the research and theoretical contributions were presented. In addition, a sample of home food gardens were identified and analyzed, and showed that there are already various good initiatives aiming at food self-reliance in the area of study, being as well identified the availability of potential plots for expanding urban agriculture in the municipality’s area.
Maggioni, Alessandro. "The regulation of urban logistics platforms : the urban governance of food wholesale markets in France and Italy : the case of Paris (Semmaris) and Milan (Sogemi)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0008.
One of the elements that characterize the process of economic globalization is the development of freight logistics as a strategic sector to determine the competitive advantages of urban regions. This study analyses the link between market changes, state reorganisation and the development of urban logistics infrastructures. The entry point for this analysis is the study of the policies that have produced and governed over time two European wholesale food markets: the MIN Rungis and the General Markets of Milan. Their comparison explains how structural changes have influenced their evolution and why today two wholesale markets, which were initially very similar from an analytical point of view, have nowadays two very different policy outcomes. Using a theoretical and methodological approach based on the contributions of historical neo-institutionalism and urban political economy, the role of interest groups, political actors, political rules and the market is clarified. These factors are interrelated to explain the policy conversion observed for MIN Rungis and the policy drift in the case of Milan. Finally, the policy processes that led to these results are explained in terms of causal mechanisms. The analysis highlights the central role of local policy rules and political context in determining the ability of local interest groups to influence decision-making processes, and the effect of their mobilization on the development of these urban infrastructures
Adhikari, Bijaya K. "Urban food waste composting." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97883.
In this thesis, a project was also undertaken to develop compost recipes for urban center such as downtown Montreal. Monthly (June to August) average residential FW production was found to 0.61 (+/-0.13) kg capita-1 day-1 and that of a restaurant was found to be 0.56 (+/-0.23) kg customer-1 day-1. From trial tests, the best compost recipes mixed 8.9 kg, 8.6 kg and 7.8 kg of UFW for every kg of wheat straw, hay and wood shaving, on a wet mass basis. However, quantity and characteristics of FW vary from one month to another; therefore, regular adjustment of compost recipe is recommended. When using wood shavings as bulking agent, it is strongly recommended to correct the acid pH.
Mann, David. "Urban Agriculture: A Response to Urban Food Deserts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250617494.
Mann, David R. "Urban agriculture a response to urban food deserts /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1250617494.
Advisor: Frank Russell. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Dec. 15, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: urban agriculture; food systems; food deserts. Includes bibliographical references.
Reis, Mayra. "Urban activation through food : Stockholm’s new food destination." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266886.
Mannette, Jessica. "Food Security in Urban New Zealand: Food Waste, Food Utopias, and Food Values." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40383.
Van, der Merwe Louise. "Urban agriculture : food for thought." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53706.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An ever changing urban environment, limited economic opportunities and rising poverty, have brought into sharp relief the need for strategies that support the livelihoods of the poor. Urban areas are complex and dynamic systems. No town or city is immune from either external forces (globalisation) that dictate the need to adapt, or to internal pressures (the natural growth pattern of an urban population and rural-urban migration) that collectively can precipitate growth or decline. The formal sector cannot, in most instances, fulfil the need for secure, regular employment in the urban areas, which leads to increases in unemployment, gradual breakdown of basic services - visual evidence includes large squatter settlements in and around urban centres - and the not unlikely increase in food insecurity. There is no doubt that the future of urban centres is dependent on the effective absorption of the increasing number of urban dwellers into its environmental, economical and social structures, and public policy plays an important role in the success of this process. The important contribution of urban agriculture in bolstering food security of urban households raises critical planning issues. The spatial integration of our settlements is critical; it holds the potential to enhance economic efficiency and social development. Spatial strategies should be combined with economic and environmental programmes to form an integrated approach towards development. Urban agriculture could possibly catalyse broader developmental processes such as local economic development, whereby disadvantaged communities could potentially secure the benefits of employment and increase food security. The provision of opportunities for urban agriculture not only makes it possible to meet the food needs of the urban poor, but to also ensure sustainable human settlements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die lig van 'n dinamiese stedelike omgewing, beperkte ekonomiese geleenthede en toenemende armoede, beklemtoon die nood aan strategieë wat die arm stedelike gemeenskap bevoordeel. Stedelike gebiede is ingewikkelde en dinamiese sisteme. Geen dorp of stad is vrygeskeld van eksterne invloede (globalisasie), óf van interne invloede (die natuurlike groeipatroon in 'n stedelike gebied en migrasie van platteland na stede) wat kollektief groei of verval van stede kan aanhits. Die formele sektor kan in die meeste gevalle nie aan die behoefte van vaste werksaanstelling in stedelike gebiede voldoen nie. Dit lei tot 'n toename in werkloosheid en die geleidelike afbreek in fundamentele basiese dienste - ooglopende bewys hiervan sluit die groot plakkerskampe in en om stedelike sentrums - en die nie onwaarskynlike toename in voedseltekorte. Daar is geen twyfel dat die toekoms van stedelike sentrums afhanklik is van die absorpsie van toenemende stedelinge in hul omgewings-, ekonomiese- en sosiale strukture, en openbare beleid speel 'n kardinale rol in die suksesvolle verloop van hierdie proses. Die belang van die bydrae van stedelike landbou tot die rugsteuning van versekering van voedselsekuriteit in stedelike huishoudings kompliseer beplanning geweldig. Die ruimtelike integtrasie van ons nedersettings is belangrik; dit het die potensiaal om ekonomiese vaardigheid en sosiale ontwikkeling te verbeter. Strategieë om ruimte te optimaliseer behoort gekombineer te word met ekonomiese- en omgewingsprogramme, om sodoende geïntigreerde benaderings tot ontwikkeling te vorm. Stedelike landbou kan moontlik n katalisator vir verreikende ontwikkelingsprosesse soos plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling wees, waar minder-bevoorregte gemeenskappe werksversekering en -geleenthede het en daar ook voedsel-sekuriteit is. Die voorsiening van geleenthede vir stedelike landbou maak dit nie net moontlik om die behoefte aan voedsel van minder-bevoorregte stedelinge te bevredig nie, maar verseker ook langdurige, volhoubare stedelike nedersettings.
DiDomenica, Bessie. "Food Policy: Urban Farming as a Supplemental Food Source." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/575.
Mossler, Adrienne C. "Urban agriculture and education center an answer to urban food deserts /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212011471.
Advisors: Jay Chatterjee (Committee Chair), Elizabeth Riorden (Committee Co-Chair). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sept. 5, 2008.). Includes abstract. Keywords: grocery; food deserts. Includes bibliographical references.
MOSSLER, ADRIENNE C. "Urban Agriculture and Education Center: An Answer to Urban Food Deserts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212011471.
Mamba, Sipho Felix. "Drought, urban resilience and urban food security in kaKhoza, Manzini, Swaziland." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6839.
Food security is the ability to secure an adequate daily supply of food that is affordable, hygienic and nutritious and it has become a chronic development problem in most urban areas of the global South. This thesis contributes to the urban food security debate by exploring the connection between drought and food security in urban Swaziland. Specifically, the study examines the effects of the 2015/16 drought on access to food in the informal settlement of kaKhoza in the city of Manzini. The study used climate change and food security conceptual framework to interrogate the connection between drought and food security in the urban context. The framework shows how climate change variables like extreme weather events (e.g. drought) impact food security drivers such as agricultural management, demographic, cultural and socio-economic variables, and how these drivers impact the four components of food security (food availability, access, utilization and stability of access). The study drew from both the positivistic and interpretivistic paradigms and adopted a case study approach based on the mixed methods research design. Data was collected from the informal settlement of kaKhoza using a three step procedure involving a questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. A questionnaire was administered to 145 heads of households using systematic sampling technique. Purposive sampling was employed to select 30 and 8 respondents for in-depth and key informant interviews, respectively. The researcher also engaged the observation method approach to capture additional information about effects of drought as observed in the study site. The researcher adhered to all legal and ethical procedures during the data collection and research writing processes. As such, participation in the research was strictly voluntary without any form of coercion, whatsoever. The results reveal that drought contributes to food insecurity in low income urban spaces by reducing the quantity and frequency of free or low priced rural-urban food transfers. As a result, low income households have had to rely more on food purchases, thereby making them increasingly food insecure. The problem is compounded by reverse food flows from urban to rural areas. The drought induced food price hike, compelled many low-income households to be less dependent on the supermarket as the main source of their food, and to buy increased amounts of food from the vegetable markets and tuck shops. Residents employ different coping mechanisms to deal with drought induced food shortage, some of which are too risky and further expose them to food insecurity. These coping strategies include: skipping meals, begging, use of informal credit, over reliance on informal markets and selling of sexual favours, which expose respondents to HIV and AIDS infection.
Cameron, Caitlin. "Geography of urban food access : exploring potential causes of food deserts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73811.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-86).
We believe we understand food deserts, but we do not. In the last decade the phenomenon of food deserts has been often discussed, and many solutions are proposed to alleviate food access issues in American cities. However, I argue that the efficacy of these solutions is questionable until the causes of urban food deserts are better understood. Beyond the economics of retail grocery exist systemic, physical factors which contribute to the gaps in food access. Although grocery retailers have different models and consider varying factors when choosing where to locate, it is true that the built environment plays a part in whether a city is hospitable or hostile to grocery stores, especially of the types that sell healthy, fresh food.
by Caitlin Cameron.
M.C.P.
Jiayin, Hu. "Participative Food Supply." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297399.
Van, Breemen Hayley. "Cape Town's urban food security plan : a conceptual framework for achieving an accessible and healthy urban food system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13234.
Until recently food insecurity has been thought to be a primarily a rural problem. Local, national and international food security agendas have focused primarily on agricultural production as a means to addressing food insecurity. However more recent analyses of urban food insecurity indicate that is not a result of food shortage but rather food access and affordability. This research focuses on Cape Town as a case study as its rapidly rising urban population, especially amongst the lower income groups, is placing further pressure on the urban food system as the poor are often unable to purchase sufficient food throughout the month due to income constraints. Nevertheless, enhanced food production still remains the cornerstone strategy to alleviate food insecurity and even poverty in Cape Town. The interviews revealed that urban food insecurity is absent from urban planning agendas which has consequently caused food insecurity to proliferate in the city environment, especially amongst the urban poor. Considering that urban food insecurity is a relatively new concept, especially for South Africa, it is important to understand how it manifests itself within urban contexts and understand the determinants of it in Cape Town. The research identified that food moves through the city differently between formal and informal markets and that informal markets tend to have higher unit prices. Regardless of the higher prices of products from informal markets they were still found to be key food sourcing strategy for the urban poor as supermarkets were found to be, for the most part, absent from the Cape Flats area. The challenge for urban planners in Cape Town is to understand how food insecurity manifests itself spatially and to consider what policy approaches are available to them to improve food access and thus food security throughout Cape Town. The intention of this research is to understand the extent of these problems in Cape Town and to develop an Urban Food Security Plan to place urban food systems planning on the planning agenda.
Lane, Jordan. "Urban Shepherd : Cultivating space, food and us." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146240.
Urban Shephard förespråkar utformningen och tillämpningen av naturliga system integrerade i vår urbana miljö. I fokus ligger skapandet av det multifunktionella urbana systemet, designat att förbättra de befintliga ekosystemen och samtidigt möta människors behov genom att möjliggöra förändringar på såväl systemnivå som för enskilda individer. Genom att utforska arkitekturens roll i det sociala och praktiska användandet av det urbana rummet med hänsyn till samhällets behov av anknytningen till naturen, kan Urban Shepherd erbjuda effektiva lösningar i nydanande urbana miljöer med hjälp av en och annan gris, ko och höna.
Reynolds, Stuart David. "Resilience to food insecurity: Measuring access to food in the urban environment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9454.
Eckert, Jeanette Elizabeth. "Food Systems, Planning and Quantifying Access: How Urban Planning Can Strengthen Toledo’s Local Food System." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271266072.
Santos, Rogério Gomes dos. "SEGREGAÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL, ECONOMIA URBANA E FOME: UMA ANALISE A PARTIR DA VILA OURO VERDE EM PONTA GROSSA-PR." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2015. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/572.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between socio-spatial segregation process, the consumption of food in the lower circuit of the urban economy, and food security. The proposed debate shows that the effects of a locational order in socio-spatially segregated environments bring the urban poor close to the food consumption at typical premises of the lower circuit. Such a fact is contributing to the worsening of quantitative and qualitative hunger. The spatial area of this analysis is the community of Vila Ouro Verde, located in Maria Otilia, in Ponta Grossa-PR. Result of an occupation during the year 2001, the community is the picture of spatial segregation and social exclusion. This research, in addition to showing a socioeconomic profile of families connected to the community, seeks to understand the factors that would help set up their habits of acquiring and consumption of food. We found that the higher prices, coupled with the low quality and little variety of existing products at small markets in the locality, collaborate for the formation of a food insecurity frame. Although the research presents a more exploratory nature, the results are relevant and provide a contribution to the study field of hunger
O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a relação entre o processo de segregação socioespacial, o consumo de alimentos no circuito inferior da economia urbana e a segurança alimentar. O debate proposto demonstra que os efeitos da trama localizacional em ambientes socioespacialmente segregados aproximam os citadinos pobres do consumo de alimentos em estabelecimentos característicos do circuito inferior, contribuindo assim para o agravamento da fome quantitativa e qualitativa. O recorte espacial da análise é a comunidade da Vila Ouro Verde, situada no bairro Maria Otília, em Ponta Grossa-PR. Fruto de uma ocupação ocorrida no ano de 2001, a comunidade é o retrato da segregação espacial e da exclusão social. Esta pesquisa, além de traçar um perfil socioeconômico das famílias ligadas à comunidade, procura compreender os fatores que ajudariam a configurar seus hábitos de aquisição e consumo de alimentos. Constatou–se que os preços mais elevados, aliados à baixa qualidade e pouca variedade de produtos presentes nos pequenos mercados da localidade colaborariam para a formação de um quadro de insegurança alimentar. Ainda que a pesquisa apresente um caráter mais exploratório, os resultados obtidos são pertinentes e constituem uma contribuição ao campo de estudos da fome.
Wilson, Allison, and Allison Wilson. "Urban Food Growth: Designing for Vertical Building Surfaces." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12381.
Chaddick, Justin Garrett. "Sustainable tilapia feed derived from urban food waste." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54468.
Wang, Yan. "China’s Urban Household Food Consumption, Nutrition and Health." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28360.
Van, Zyl Fransa. "Growing urban ecosystems : a food market in Menlyn." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30012.
Hierdie studie reageer op die uitwerking wat huidige voedsel produksie op die natuurlike omgewing het, deur stedelike stelsels en ekostelsels te bestudeer. In reaksie op die bevindings word ‘n nuwe voedsel produksie stelsel en die stedelike koop-en verkoop- kultuur ondersoek. ‘n Varsproduktemark en hidroponiese produksie-gebou word ontwerp om ‘n alternatief te bied vir die supermark en konvensionele voedselproduksie.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted
Rosen, Jules M. "Lost (and Found) Connectivity in an Urban Framework." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1530023925907993.
Coombs, Casey. "Promoting Client Nutrition in Urban Utah Food Pantries." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7036.
Ercilla, Montserrat Mireia. "Air, food and soilless substrate quality assessment in rooftop agriculture." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667159.
La agricultura urbana (AU), especialmente en las cubiertas (AR), es una práctica cada vez más implementada para complementar la creciente demanda de producción local de alimentos en las ciudades. Diversos trabajos de investigación han demostrado la viabilidad técnica de este tipo de agricultura y han cuantificado sus impactos ambientales. Sin embargo, aún no se ha llevado a cabo una investigación profunda sobre la calidad del sistema productivo en cubiertas que afecta tanto, al entorno, al propio sistema en donde se cultiva, como al producto final obtenido, en este caso, el alimento. En general, la contaminación por metales pesados es uno de los temas principales en el debate sobre la seguridad alimentaria y en el caso de la AU hay mayor preocupación debido a que los cultivos suelen estar próximos a zonas de alta densidad de tráfico. Otra preocupación específica de los cultivos protegidos es la calidad aerobiológica dentro de los invernaderos. El nivel de concentración de polen y esporas de hongos puede afectar los trabajadores y se desconoce cuál es la situación de los invernaderos urbanos (RTG) y el potencial impacto en caso de realizar una recirculación. El alto consumo de agua en la UA mediterránea, donde el agua es un recurso escaso y que aumentará en el futuro a causa del cambio climático es un aspecto clave a resolver. Además, existe una demanda para promover la AU en el marco de la economía circular en las ciudades aprovechando residuos verdes cercanos al lugar del cultivo, y reduciendo sus impactos ambientales. Los aspectos mencionados anteriormente llevan a analizar cuál es la percepción y aceptación de este tipo de agricultura y los alimentos producidos entre los consumidores. La presente tesis doctoral aborda este ámbito de estudio intentando dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: - ¿Cuál es la potencial contaminación de metales pesados en los cultivos sin suelo de la agricultura urbana en cubierta al aire libre o en invernaderos debida a la contaminación atmosférica de las ciudades? - ¿Las condiciones biológicas del aire en los invernaderos en cubierta son adecuadas para proporcionar entornos de trabajo seguros? Y en el caso de los invernaderos integrados, ¿se puede recircular su aire residual con finalidades aprovechamiento energético y al mismo tiempo se garantiza un entorno seguro de calidad biológica para los usuarios del edificio? - ¿Estamos utilizando sustratos ambientalmente adecuados para la agricultura urbana sin suelo y capaces de mitigar los efectos del cambio climático haciéndolos resilientes a la sequía? - ¿Cuál es la percepción del consumidor de la agricultura en cubierta y los productos cultivados en ellas? Esta tesis contribuye a un mayor entendimiento de los principales factores que influyen en la calidad de los productos de RA y los sistemas de cultivo a la vez que aporta nuevas estrategias para mejorar calidad. Los resultados obtenidos en los distintos escenarios de estudio demuestran que en el contexto urbano se pueden producir alimentos de alta calidad, con elevados rendimientos productivos a la vez que se promueven estrategias de economía circular como el uso de residuos vegetales urbanos como sustrato. La futura investigación relacionada con esta área de conocimiento podría centrarse en los siguientes temas: • evaluar la contaminación de otros contaminantes atmosféricos • estudiar la contaminación por metales pesados en cultivos de ciclo largo • estudiar la dinámica de partículas alergénicas durante el invierno, época con menor tasa de renovación de aire en un RTG • profundizar en la búsqueda y optimización de sustratos orgánicos locales en la RA • Profundizar en la percepción de la calidad a través de estudios organolépticos con paneles de cata así como utilizar otras técnicas de caracterización de alimentos como la espectroscopia
Urban agriculture (UA), particularly rooftop urban agriculture (RA), has increased in the last few years to satisfy the growing demand for local food production in cities. Previous research has demonstrated the technical viability and quantified the environmental impacts of producing food on rooftops, both in and outside greenhouses. However, no in-depth research has been carried out yet on the key aspect of food quality, which cuts right across the environment, the system and the final product, in this case the food. In general, heavy metal pollution is one of the most pressing concerns in the deliberation about food security and food safety in Europe. Additionally, in the case of UA, crops are often very close to roads with heavy traffic and with a high atmospheric pollution risk. Another relevant concern about air quality specific to protected crops is the biological air quality inside greenhouses. The concentration levels of pollen and fungus spores suspended in the air can affect people who regularly work in the greenhouse and it is not known how this plays in an urban context. High water consumption of gardens in Mediterranean cities, where water is a scarce resource, is also a key factor to assess. At the same time, there is a demand to promote UA in the context of circular cities, using green materials near the place of consumption, which helps reduce the environmental impacts of food production. For these reasons, it was also considered essential to study customers’ perception and acceptance of this type of agriculture and the food it produces. This doctoral thesis aims to fill these gaps by addressing the following research questions: - Does atmospheric heavy metal pollution in cities contaminate soilless crops from RA and RTGs? - Are the biological air conditions in RTGs adequate to provide safe working environments? And in the case of i-RTGS, can its air be recirculated while ensuring safe environment for building users? - Are we using adequate substrates for urban agriculture to mitigate the effects of climate change and increase resilience to drought? - What is the consumer’s perception of RA and products grown in these systems? This dissertation contributes to understanding the main factors influencing the quality of food and RA cultivation systems and provides new strategies to increase their quality. The results from the different points analyzed demonstrate that, in an urban context, it is possible to produce high quality food products from high crop yields while adopting circular economy strategies, such as the use of biowaste as a substrate. Future research on the fields assessed might focus on the following areas: • Evaluating contamination through additional atmospheric pollutants • Determining the heavy metal content in longtime leafy crops • Studying the dynamics of allergenic particles in winter, the season with the lowest ventilation levels inside an RTG • Exploring and optimizing organic substrates from local RA • Further assessing the perception of quality through organoleptic studies with trained panels and with other techniques of food characterization, such as spectroscopy
Close, Bowen. "Niche to Mainstream in Sustainable Urban Food Systems: The Case of Food Distribution in Portland, Oregon." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2006. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/9.
Obosu-Mensah, Kwaku. "Food production in urban areas, a case study of urban agriculture in Accra, Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0011/NQ41481.pdf.
VUATTOUX, Romain. "INTENSIVE VERTICAL URBAN AGRICULTURE: Rethinking our Cities’ Food Supply. Moving Towards Sustainable Urban Development." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23454.
Parham, Susan. "Exploring London's food quarters : urban design and social process in three food-centred spaces." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3008/.
Canal, Vieira Leticia. "Creating sustainable and resilient urban food systems: A study of Australian alternative food networks." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392015.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Tomkins, Mikey. "Making space for food : everyday community food gardening and its contribution to urban agriculture." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/4efe7b08-df19-4e36-ad16-d9b62a6b00b6.
Morris, Deborah Helaine. "One thousand friends of food : strategies for the implementation of local food policy in New York City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50108.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-44).
This thesis is an exploration into how New York City can incorporate local food system planning into their existing sustainability program by capitalizing on recent energy and grassroots initiatives. I argue for the importance of local and regionally produced food as a part of food system sustainability, and propose that food issues be addressed at the local level. In order to learn how food planning transforms from a social and advocacy movement and into policy, I compare food policy initiatives in Chicago, San Francisco, and Vancouver. My analysis of each city's food program reveals their shared aspiration to provide affordable, accessible, and fresh food with few adverse environmental impacts. Each city's strategies are the product of local conditions, interests, and political culture. I recommend that as the New York City government looks towards coordinating food policy, these precedents illustrate the necessity of tailoring urban food policy practices to suit local conditions, community culture, and needs. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of nascent food policy efforts while suggesting roles for policy makers, community groups, and citizens in New York City.
by Deborah Helaine Morris.
M.C.P.
Farah, Leila. "Food paths, architecture and urban form. A case study." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104615.
Les chercheurs en architecture ont étudié l'origine et le développement des colonies dans le Nouveau Monde et leurs travaux documentent des aspects tels que la division territoriale, l'infrastructure, la planification urbaine, les matériaux et techniques de constructions. Toutefois, les répercussions physiques que les activités journalières des colons ont eues sur l'environnement qu'ils ont occupé, particulièrement celles liées à l'alimentation, n'ont pas fait l'objet d'études approfondies. Cette thèse explore les relations entre la subsistance et l'architecture au cours du 17ième et 18ième siècles dans l'établissement de Montréal en Nouvelle France. Elle étudie comment les aliments se sont déplacés depuis les espaces de production aux lieux de consommation et de déchet. Pour cela, elle introduit le concept de trajectoires alimentaires qu'elle analyse selon les catégories suivantes: céréales, viandes, fruits et légumes. Ce travail examine les liens entre les flux alimentaires, la forme urbaine, le bâti, la structure sociale et les rythmes temporels de l'établissement humain en question. Méthodologiquement, les nombreux inconnus liés à la période de recherche et à la nature périssable des aliments ont constitué un défi de taille et ont requis une approche interdisciplinaire. Ce travail s'appuie sur des sources iconographiques et manuscrites (plans, carnets de voyage, ordonnances, actes notariés, débris archéologiques) liés au paysage, à la forme urbaine, à l'architecture et aux artéfacts de l'époque et du site en question. Cette thèse contribue à une nouvelle interprétation de l'architecture et du développement des colonies. A travers l'analyse des trajectoires alimentaires, elle crée un nouveau cadre d'étude qui pourrait être ajusté et réutilisé pour d'autres cas circonscrits à des périodes temporelles et des espaces géographiques différents. Au delà du paradigme forme/fonction, cette étude permet une nouvelle compréhension de l'architecture qu'elle lie à des processus.
Wang, Yan. "China?s Urban Household Food Consumption, Nutrition and Health." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28360.
Schmidt, Katherine. "Bridging the Gap: Connecting Food and the Urban Environment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1394725447.
Brown, Stephen. "Unavailable and Inaccessible: An Analysis of Urban Food Insecurity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2731.
Dorsey, Mark A. "Slow Food, Slow Architecture: Regional Approaches in Urban Environments." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1243310191.
Advisors: John Hancock (Committee Chair), Gerald Larson (Committee Co-Chair), Terry Boling (Advisor). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 25, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Slow food; regional; local; place. Includes bibliographical references.
Bosio, Andrea. "City and Countryside: Considering the Urban after Slow Food." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366158.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Eckert, Jeanette Elizabeth. "Food systems, planning and quantifying access : how urban planning can strengthen Toledo's local food system." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1271266072.
Typescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Geography." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 52-57.
Smith, Leah. ""Food System Makers": Community Organization and Local Food System Development at the Rural-Urban Interface." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253581266.
Kelly, Jazmone E. "The Availability, Affordability, and Quality of Healthy Food Options in an Urban Local Food Desert." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479816298389627.
Claeys, Anthony, and Gal August Le. "Sustainable Last Mile Logistics in Urban Food Retail : Case of Axfood, a Swedish Food Retailer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65793.
Turner, Katherine Leonard. "Good food for little money food and cooking among urban working-class Americans, 1875-1930 /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 288 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597612821&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Luokkala, Rosaleena. "Food and Urban Gardening in Planning : An Exploration in Helsinki and Stockholm." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104256.
Alcarraz, Nuñez Katherine Elizabeth, and Suarez Ricardo Yonathan Huaylinos. "Habilitación Urbana en Ancón con Fondo Mivivienda." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/609.
Nziengui, Yvon PL. "Les bas-fonds de Libreville (Gabon) : un enjeu de développement urbain et d'aménagement." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30075.
The site of Libreville is characterized by a hilly landscape, makes of hills, but especially boxed small valleys and wide swampy valleys: the slums. At first, the city evolved on hills and zones exshowers, avoiding systematically the stiff slopes, the boxed small valleys and the swampy zones. With the increase in population of the 1970s and in the absence of any planning, the urbanization continued in the slums creating sub-integrated districts where concentrate the main urban troubles. In the physical depressions thus settled down the social depressions, making of Libreville a city mined by the urban problems of any orders. The floods, the landslides and the collapses coexist with the insalubrity and the problems of health, the poverty and the precarious living conditions. The slums, still called matitis or mapanes, represent more than 80 % of the built surface today and are the expression of a not mastered urban growth. For a long time indicated as spaces of socio-spatial segregation, matitis is henceforth places of social coeducation where meet themselves populations of various social classes. To envisage the development of the Gabonese capital supposes the drastic arrangement and the viabilisation of mapanes. It also supposes that the local authorities take in hand and supervise the urban growth. For that purpose, the application of the principles of good governance turns out authoritarian in a city which lived at the rate of the more or less scandalous diversions of the public deniers. The eradication of matitis is a challenge for authorities and a chance for thousands of populations which live there