Дисертації: "Urbain agriculture"

1

Robineau, Ophélie. "Vivre de l'agriculture dans la ville africaine : une géographie des arrangements entre acteurs à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917958.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des dynamiques de développement de l'agriculture urbaine à Bobo-Dioulasso, au Burkina Faso. Elle s'intéresse à la façon dont les agriculteurs arrivent à vivre et produire en ville en s'appuyant sur une démarche systémique centrée sur les interactions ville-agriculture. Elle cherche à décrypter les facteurs d'intégration de l'agriculture au système urbain. Cette intégration peut être d'ordre économique, socio-spatial, naturel, technique, et politique. Dans toutes ces dimensions de l'intégration, les arrangements entre acteurs sont un facteur de maintien de l'agriculture en ville : c'est la thèse défendue ici. Dans la première partie, la thèse retrace l'évolution des liens entre la ville et l'agriculture depuis l'origine de la ville, et décrit la diversité des dynamiques agricoles à l'oeuvre dans la ville et ses franges urbaines. Le développement de Bobo-Dioulasso, carrefour commercial de produits agricoles, est fortement basé sur le dynamisme agricole régional. Dynamiques régionales et urbaines ont favorisé le développement multiforme de l'agriculture urbaine : cette agriculture s'est développée, transformée et adaptée et est aujourd'hui pratiquée par une multitude d'acteurs urbains. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse analyse les pratiques agricoles et les arrangements socio-spatiaux entre acteurs. Les agriculteurs urbains, à travers des arrangements avec d'autres acteurs, arrivent à maintenir des formes agricoles contrastées en ville : les maraîchers, à travers une logique de mobilité au sein de l'espace urbain et des arrangements à la fois avec des acteurs institutionnels et des fournisseurs d'intrants, accèdent à des ressources essentielles à la conduite de leur activité. [etc.]

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2

Monbureau, Barbara. "Vers une agriculture urbaine : l'exemple de la plaine de Beaudinard à Aubagne /." Dijon : Éducagri, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41085175n.

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3

KANE, MAMADOU LAMI. "Les petites villes du Sahel du Sénégal." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE1A001.

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Le sahel senegalais est caracterise par une urbanisation tres ancienne mais discontinue. Depuis l'independance du senegal en 1960, de profondes transformations economiques et sociales sont intervenues et il en est resulte une nouvelle organisation urbaine. Pendant toute cette periode le rythme de croissance demographique des petites villes est demeure dans l'ensemble eleve. Les activites agricoles jouent un role essentiel dans les petits centres urbains car elles determinent l'existence et le developpement des autres activites economiques. L'industrie agro-alimentaire a fait la fortune de richard toll et de dagana dans le delta du senegal, alors que l'artisanat voit ses possibilites de developpement limitees a la fois par l'etroitesse du marche local et par les faibles revenus des populations. L'amenagement du reseau routier a conduit au court-circuitage des vieilles escales. Quant au petit commerce urbain il se limite aujourd'hui a la redistribution des produits manufactures et vivriers. Enfin les petites villes sont caracterisees par l'insuffisance de leurs equipements mais on observe, depuis quelques annees, une dynamique de differenciation aussi bien au niveau de l'habitat, de la societe que des villes entre elles
The senegalese sahel is characterized by a very old but still discontinuous urbanization. Since senegal was independent in 1960, deep changes have occured, which have given birth to a new urban setup. During all that time, the rate of the population increase in those small towns has by and large remained high. In small urban centres, farm activities play an essential part in that they promote the development of other economic activities. Farmproduce industry has successfully contributed to the wealth of richard toll and dagana in the senegal delta, while both the tightness of the local market and the low income of the population have shrunk the expansion of craft industry. The road system development has led up to bypass old colonial commercial stops. Presently, small, urban trade confines itself to the redistribution of manufactured and food-producting goods. Lastly, small towns are also characterized by their inedequate equipement but, for some years, they have been tending to differentiate as far as housing conditions ans social development are concerned

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4

Boissière, Thierry. "Le jardinier et le citadin : ethnologie d'un espace agricole urbain dans la vallée de l'Oronte en Syrie /." Damas : Institut français du Proche-Orient, Direction scientifique des études médiévales, modernes et arabes, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401475298.

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5

Racaud, Sylvain. "Les montagnes Uporoto entre ville et campagne, géographie de flux et integration territoriale en Tanzanie." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967439.

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Les montagnes Uporoto sont un territoire agricole densément peuplé dont les conditions environnementales permettent la production d'une gamme variée de cultures à destination des marchés urbains nationaux. Située à 1700 m d'altitude, à la périphérie sud-ouest de la Tanzanie, la ville de Mbeya compte environ 400 000 habitants. Elle est la métropole régionale et la porte d'entrée pour les pays enclavés de la sous-région. La ville de Mbeya et les Uporoto sont des entités entre l'urbain et le rural et entre plusieurs échelles géographiques. La fonction d'échange prédomine, elle s'appuie sur l'essor d'un modèle agricole basé sur les cultures alimentaires commerciales. A travers une approche systémique, ce travail géographique montre comment le développement agricole et l'urbanisation sont imbriqués et produisent les causes et les effets de leurs dynamiques. Le propos s'organise en quatre parties et neuf chapitres qui analysent comment l'émergence d'un modèle d'intégration fondé sur de nouvelles cultures commerciales, reposant sur un réseau de marchés et sur la complexité des flux, produit un système qui redéfinit la montagne et sa place dans le territoire. La cohésion du système montagnard est fondée sur les complémentarités à l'intérieur du massif et entre ce dernier et les basses terres, elle est imprégnée de logiques commerciales qui renforcent la dépendance des Uporoto vis-à-vis du marché. Cette thèse propose que l'organisation extravertie du système montagnard participe à une fragmentation du massif et à une intégration défaillante au territoire national.

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6

Zhong, Xueqian. "Modélisation des bilans et des flux de métaux en traces dans les sols sous agriculture urbaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0051.

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La consommation de légumes cultivés dans un sol contaminé par des métaux et l'inhalation directe du sol représente un risque pour la santé humaine. Afin de maintenir la durabilité des jardins urbains, la prédiction de l'évolution des métaux dans les sols devrait nous permettre d'identifier les risques liés à la contamination des sols par les métaux, et ainsi de mettre en place des pratiques permettant de mieux préserver les fonctions rendues par les sols des jardins et de cibler une réhabilitation plus efficace des sols contaminés. Nous avons utilisé un modèle de bilan de masse pour simuler l'évolution des métaux du sol sous les différentes pratiques de jardinage au cours du temps. Le modèle de bilan de masse a été amélioré pour le rendre applicable aux jardins potagers en considérant leur utilisation régulière et intensive d'amendements organiques. La lixiviation et le prélèvement par les plantes sont les principaux flux de perte de métaux dans les sols. Nous avons incorporé, respectivement, les modèles RothC et VSD+ pour simuler les changements du carbone et du pH dans les sols. Des valeurs spécifiques de PUF (plant uptake factor) pour plus de 60 espèces végétales ont été recueillies dans la littérature pour simuler la perte de métaux par le prélèvement par les plantes. Les flux d'entrée de métaux ont été pris en compte dans le modèle de bilan de masse, en considérant les apports d’engrais chimiques, d’amendements organiques, de pesticides et les dépôts atmosphériques. La profondeur du travail du sol et la rotation des cultures ont également été prises en compte dans le modèle. Nous avons prédit l'évolution des concentrations de métaux dans le sol de 104 jardins potagers français au cours des 100 prochaines années. Si les pratiques de jardinage actuelles sont maintenues, une augmentation des teneurs en Cd (35% en moyenne), Cu (183%) et Zn (27%) du sol devrait se produire après un siècle. La concentration de Pb dans le sol ne devrait pas varier de façon notable. Le modèle a également été utilisé pour simuler les tendances historiques et futures des concentrations en métaux du sol dans le Potager du Roi à Versailles, qui compte plus de 300 ans de pratiques de jardinage depuis sa création en 1683. Le pH du sol et la MO du sol simulés par les modules RothC et VSD+ sont très proches des valeurs mesurées, avec une variation inférieure à 10%. Les teneurs en Zn des sols ont été bien simulées par rapport aux valeurs mesurées, avec un intervalle de variation de 3% à 25% dans les différents scénarios. Des résultats moins précis ont été trouvés dans les simulations de tendances historiques de la teneur en Cd, Cu et Pb dans les sols. Dans les simulations de tendances futures, les teneurs en métaux des sols du Potager du Roi augmenteront de 39 % pour le Cd, 20 % pour le Cu, 5 % pour le Pb et 32 % pour le Zn dans un siècle, alors que les pratiques de jardinage actuelles seraient maintenues. Le compost de déchets verts contribue à plus de 70 % du total des flux de métaux entrants et sortants. En outre, il existerait une surexposition alimentaire chronique au Cd et au Pb pour les personnes qui ne consommeraient que des légumes cultivés dans le Potager du Roi à l'avenir. D'après les résultats des simulations, les pratiques de jardinage actuelles peuvent entraîner une accumulation de métaux dans les sols des potagers français. Une norme relative aux pratiques de jardinage devrait être élaborée pour prévenir/atténuer la contamination des sols par les métaux afin de garantir la sécurité alimentaire
Consumption of vegetables grown in a soil contaminated by trace metals and direct soil inhalation pose a risk to human health. In order to maintain the sustainability of urban gardens, predicting the evolution of metals in soils should allow to identify risks related to metal contamination of soil, and thus to apply practices to better preserve the functions rendered by garden soils and target a more efficient rehabilitation of contaminated soils. We used a mass balance model to simulate the evolution of soil metals under the different gardening practices over time. The mass balance was improved to make it more applicable to vegetable gardens by considering the regular and intensive use of organic waste amendments. Leaching and plant uptake are the main flows of metals loss in soils. We incorporate the RothC and VSD+ models to simulate the changes in soil carbon and pH over time, respectively. Specific values of plant uptake factor for over 60 vegetable species have been collected from literature to simulate metal loss via plant uptake. Metal input flows are associated to chemical fertilizers, organic waste amendment, pesticides and atmospheric deposition. Soil tillage depth and crop rotation have also been considered in the model. We predicted the evolution of soil metal (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentrations in 104 French vegetable gardens over the next 100 years. If current gardening practices are maintained, an increase in soil Cd (35% on average), Cu (183%), and Zn (27%) contents should occur after a century. Soil Pb concentration should not vary consistently. The model has also been used to simulate the historical and future trends of soil metal concentrations in the King’s Vegetable Garden (Potager du Roi) in Versailles, which has more than 300 years of gardening practices since its creation in 1683. Simulated soil pH and OM by the integrated RothC and VSD+ modules are very close to measured values, with variation less than 10%. Soil Zn contents have been well simulated comparing to measured values, with a variation range of 3% to 25% in different scenarios. Less accurate results were found in the historical trend simulations of Cd, Cu and Pb content in soils. In the future trend simulations, the soil metal contents will increase by 39% for Cd, 20% for Cu, 5% for Pb, and 32% for Zn for the next century, while the current gardening practices will be maintained in King’s Vegetable Garden. Green waste compost contributes over 70% of the total input and output metal flows. Moreover, there would be a chronic over-exposure to Cd and Pb for people who would only consume vegetables grown in the King's Vegetable Garden in the future. According to the results of the simulations, current gardening practices can lead to accumulation of metals in French vegetable garden soils. A standard for gardening practices should be developed to prevent/mitigate soil metal contamination in order to ensure food safety

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7

Grard, Baptiste. "Des Technosols construits à partir de produits résiduaires urbains : services écosystémiques fournis et évolution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA043/document.

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Les villes ne cessent de se densifier au détriment des espaces de nature qui corrélativement se réduisent, tout comme les services écosystémiques qui leur sont associés. Face à ce constat, la végétalisation du bâti apparaît comme une alternative indispensable. Dans ce cadre, les toitures végétalisées font partie des outils d'aménagement des villes qui sont en pleine expansion. Ces toitures revêtent différentes formes, s'adaptant aux contraintes et enjeux urbains. Depuis quelques années, une nouvelle forme de toiture végétalisée a émergé : les toitures végétalisées productives (e.g. de biomasse alimentaire). Encore peu développée et mal connue, l'intérêt concernant cette forme de toiture ne cesse de croître. Leur conception, leur aménagement et surtout les services écosystémiques quelles peuvent rendre sont aujourd’hui encore mal connus et nécessitent d’être mieux appréhendés. Clé de voûte des toitures végétalisées, le sol en place influence directement et indirectement les services écosystémiques rendus par celles-ci. En dépit du rôle majeur de ces sols, peu d'études leur sont consacrés. Par ailleurs, des produits non renouvelables tels que la pouzzolane, l’argile expansée ou la tourbe sont aujourd’hui très majoritairement utilisés dans leur composition. Nous avons étudié des Technosols, c’est à dire des sols reconstitués, de toitures productives composés uniquement de produits issus de résidus du milieu urbain. Ce travail a eu une double ambition : (i) évaluer quantitativement les services écosystémiques rendus et (ii) comprendre les premières phases d’évolution des Technosols. Pour cela, trois dispositifs expérimentaux, installés sur la toiture « Bertrand Ney » de l’école AgroParisTech ont été utilisés. Il s’agit de bacs de cultures dans lesquels des sols sont construits, avec des agencements divers de cinq résidus urbains: un compost de déchet vert, du bois broyé, de la brique et de la tuile concassée, un résidu de champignonnière et un compost de biodéchet. Nous avons étudié l’effet des différents types de Technosols construits sur (i) les services écosystémiques rendus, (ii) la production alimentaire (quantitative et qualitative), (iii) la fertilité physico-chimique et (iv) leur évolution temporelle. Les Technosols construits sont fertiles et permettent une production alimentaire conséquente sur une à cinq années, caractérisée par de faibles teneurs en éléments traces métalliques équivalentes à celles de la moyenne des productions maraichères. L’évaluation quantitative de services écosystémiques (production alimentaire, recyclage de résidus urbain, rétention des eaux de pluies et qualité des eaux de percolations (C et N), a souligné le caractère multifonctionnel des systèmes étudiés et met en évidence un disservice, qui est une altération de la qualité des eaux de percolation par lixiviation du carbone, pouvant être liée à celle d’autres éléments. Une première phase de pédogénèse rapide et intense est observée, marquée par une forte biodégradation des matériaux et une forte lixiviation. Nos travaux ont mis en évidence l’existence d’un double compromis dans la conception d’un Technosol productif, entre (1) la biodégradation des matériaux (assurant la fourniture des nutriments minéraux aux plantes) et le maintien de la structure et porosité du matériau, donc de sa fertilité physique d’une part et entre (2) la fourniture d’élément nutritifs par biodégradation et la lixiviation, se traduisant par une perte de ces éléments et une altération de la qualité des eaux de percolation d’autre part. La connaissance des propriétés des matériaux utilisés et de ses liens avec les services écosystémiques attendus permet déjà de concevoir des toitures productives multifonctionnelles à partir de résidus urbains et de les gérer de manière durable
Cities are becoming denser at the expense of nature spaces that are correspondingly decreasing, as are the ecosystem services associated with them. Faced with this observation, the greening of buildings appears as a valuable alternative. Nowadays, green roofs have become a planning tool in urban planning. These roofs take different forms, adapting to urban constraints and challenges. In recent years, a new form of green roof has emerged: productive green roofs (i.e. of edible biomass). Despite a growing interest, rooftop farming is still poorly developed and known. Their design, their development and especially, the ecosystem services they could deliver are still poorly understood and need to be known. Keystone to green roofs, the soil in place directly and indirectly influences the provided ecosystem services. Despite, it’s key role, soil is still poorly studied. Furthermore, non-renewable products such as pozzolan or expanded clay or peat are today mostly used in their composition. In this work we have studied constructed soils, named Technosols, for productive roofs made only of urban wastes. The objectives of this thesis were: (i) to achieve a quantitative assessment of delivered ecosystem services (ii) analyze the first stages of Technosol pedogenesis. In order to do so, three experimental devices were implemented on the “Bertrand Ney” rooftop of the technical University AgroParisTech in Paris. The experimental devices consist of multiple plots filled with different disposal of five urban wastes: green waste compost, shredded woods, crushed tiles and bricks, spent coffee grounds used to grow mushroom and a biowaste compost. The impact of the different Technosols on (i) ecosystem services, (ii) food production (quality and quantity), (iii) fertility) and (iv) temporal evolution, were assessed. Constructed Technosol are fertile and allow a consistent food production over one to five years. The level of food production was equivalent to that of a professional producer and food quality regarding trace metal element was below existing norms. The quantitative assessment of ecosystem services (food production, urban waste recycling, rainwater retention and overflow quality (C and N)), highlighted the multifunctional nature of productive green roofs. However, we identified an ecosystem disservice which is an alteration in the quality of the leachates due to carbon leaching and presumably other elements. A first phase of rapid and strong pedogenesis was observed marked by an intense biodegradation and lixiviation of the Technosols. Our works identified two trade-offs in the design of a productive Technosol: between (i) the biodegradation or organic materials (ensuring the supply of mineral nutrient to plants) and the maintenance of the structure and porosity of the Technosol (i.e. its physical fertility) and (ii) the supply of nutrients by biodegradation and leaching, resulting in a loss of these elements and an alteration of the quality of percolation waters on the other hand. Knowledge of the properties of the materials used to build Technosols and on their link with the expected ecosystem services already makes it possible to design multifunctional productive rooftop based on urban waste and manage them sustainably

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8

Faussey-Domalain, Catherine. "Une économie villageoise assistée en milieu peri-urbain (villages de memni et de montezo- sud-est ivoirien)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996VERS0051.

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L’étude se situe dans le sud-est ivoirien, l'une des zones pionnières de l’économie de plantation villageoise. Elle s’intéresse au dépérissement d'une société agricole qui adopte une stratégie de scolarisation migration pour la main d’œuvre domestique de la plantation (les enfants), alors qu'elle connaît une aporie de son système de production. Cette stratégie est initiée par le groupe domestique (unité agricole domestique gérée par le chef de ménage). Le cadre théorique de l’économie des organisations permet de mettre en évidence les principaux nœuds de contrats au sein de cette société et de comprendre les choix stratégiques de ces planteurs. Ces choix induisent la dissociation en deux zones géographiques, ville-campagne, sans pour autant entamer l’identité de l'ethnie, qui conserve la même origine, les mêmes coutumes et revendique son identité. Des liens très forts subsistent entre ces deux mondes qui sont le jeu de multiples échanges. L'adaptation de cet espace ces nouvelles contraintes passe par une modification des règles au cœur du lignage et de la société akye. . . La mutation des contrats au sein de la société et le passage du pouvoir de décision aux mains des ressortissants sont d'autres répercussions de ces changements. Un autre type de société apparaît mais qui ne correspond pas obligatoirement a un dépérissement de la société agricole.

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9

Thomas, Gérard. "De « l’urbanisme agricole » à l’agriurbanisme : un processus exploratoire pour un développement urbain durable." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30026.

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Cette recherche, engagée par un urbaniste professionnel, se fixe pour objectif d’explorer les modalités d’aménagement mises en œuvre dans les territoires, d’analyser les formes et conditions de la rencontre des politiques publiques dans les domaines de l’urbanisme et de l’agriculture, d’identifier les leviers à disposition des décideurs locaux pour réaliser cette rencontre et tendre ainsi vers les objectifs de développement durable fixés par le législateur. La gestion sectorielle des espaces agricoles et des espaces urbains a contribué à la perte du lien historique d’interdépendance et de complémentarité qui a longtemps organisé le rapport entre villes et campagnes. Au regard du constat d’une efficacité limitée des documents d’urbanisme pour réduire la consommation des espaces agricoles, le problème à gérer est celui du maintien de l’agriculture dans les espaces de concurrence avec d’autres usages. Par l’analyse des impacts territoriaux (environnementaux et socio-économiques) des politiques publiques mises en œuvre, dans le domaine de l’agriculture et de l’urbanisme, cette recherche vise à questionner les pratiques professionnelles à l’œuvre, les concepts et les méthodes d’urbanisme mobilisés. L’hypothèse de recherche pose la nécessité d’envisager la construction d’un cadre de pensée agriurbaine de l’action qui intègre l’ensemble des interactions entre l’agriculture, la ville et la nature, pour définir des connaissances et des méthodes permettant l’intégration de « l’agriurbanisme » dans l’action publique. Cette hypothèse conduit à mobiliser un corpus qui intègre une diversité de terrains vécus, passés et présents de l’urbaniste chercheur, et de terrains explorés dans le cadre de cette recherche (communauté d’agglomération du Bassin de Brive en Corrèze). La mobilisation de ce corpus vise à appréhender les conditions du passage d’un impensé agricole en urbanisme à la construction d’un cadre de pensée agriurbaine de l’action, puis à explorer comment la mise en œuvre d’un « agriurbanisme » opérationnel peut s’opérer. Ce passage de la pensée agriurbaine de l’action à l’agriurbanisme opérationnel questionne les pratiques des professionnels de l’urbanisme, interpelle les politiques locales dans leurs modalités de gouvernance et les acteurs de la société civile (notamment de l’agriculture), invite la transdisciplinarité et la controverse pour conduire à la gestion économe de l’espace ou à la préservation des sols agricoles. Ainsi la relation complexe de la ville avec son environnement naturel et vivant, les interdépendances agriurbaines, sont appréhendées pour définir une nouvelle approche de l’aménagement plus favorable aux attendus d’un développement durable des territoires
This research, undertaken by a professional urban planner, aims to explore already implemented regional planning methods, to analyze the forms and conditions of the convergence of public policies in the fields of urban planning and agriculture, to identify the tools available to local decision makers to achieve this convergence, resulting in sustainable development objectives set by the authority. The separate management of agricultural and urban spaces has contributed to the loss of the historical link of interdependence and complementarity, which has long defined the relationship between cities and countryside. With the existence of a limited effectiveness of planning documents to reduce the consumption of agricultural space, the problem to be managed is that of maintaining agriculture as it competes with other uses. By analyzing the regional impacts (both environmental and socio-economic) of existing public policies regarding agriculture and urban planning, this research aims to question the professional work practices, the concepts and existing urban planning methods. The research hypothesis posits the need to consider the construction of an agri-urban actionable framework, which integrates all interaction between agriculture, the city and nature, to discover new methods which will allow the integration of “agriurbanisme” into public action. This hypothesis integrates all previous studies, which include a diversity of personal experience, past and present, of the urban planner/researcher as well as specific project research experience (e.g. urban community of Bassin Brive in Corrèze). This endeavor aims to comprehend the conditions of the transition from an agricultural misconception of urban planning to the construction of an actionable framework and, ultimately to the implementation of an operational “agriurbanism” model. This shift from an agri-urban perspective to operational agri-planning questions the practices of urban planning professionals, challenges not only local politicians in their governance methods but civilians as well (particularly in agricultural areas), invites both transdisciplinarity and controversy resulting in economical space management or agricultural land preservation. As for the complex relationship of the city with it’s natural and living surroundings, the agri-urban interdependencies are challenged to define a new developmental approach more favorable to the needs of regional sustainable development

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10

Dieye, Papa Nouhine. "Comportements des acteurs et performances de la filière lait périurbain de Kolda, Sénégal /." Montpellier : Institut agronomique méditerranéen, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39122454q.

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11

Boulifa, Abdelaziz. "Mutations et organisation d'un espace péri-urbain : le Fahs de Tanger et ses bordures : le Tangerois /." Poitiers : Centre interuniversitaire d'études méditerranéennes, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349448203.

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12

Baba, Abdul-Rahim Mumuni. "Système urbain, système agraire, production et valorisation de déchets ménagers : le cas de la région de Tamale, Ghana." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1804.

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Face à la croissance urbaine, le sous-développement et l'insalubrité, est-ce que la valorisation agricole des déchets ménagers en Afrique noire est possible ? La recherche a eu lieu à Tamale au nord du Ghana. Les objectifs de la thèse : - cerner le lien entre la croissance urbaine et la production de déchets ménagers - Evaluer la faisabilité de la collecte, du transport et du compostage de déchets ménagers, - Evaluer les possibilités d'intégration du compost en cultures. Les principaux résultats obtenus : L'approche globale de la production et la gestion de déchets ainsi que l'intégration du compost en cultures semble concluante. Apparemment la croissance urbaine n'est pas synonyme de surproduction de déchets. L'insalubrité urbaine est plutôt liée aux comportements des citadins et au manque de moyens adéquats pour traiter les déchets. Le taux de production de déchets ménagers est faible dans la ville africaine. La matière organique compostable est abondante et constitue plus de 80 % des déchets ménagers. L'origine de groupe ethnique constitue un indice pertinent dans l'évaluation de la production quantitative et qualitative des déchets urbains. L'étude de la gestion des déchets ménagers démontre que la collecte, le transport et le compostage sont possibles. Mais il faudra au préalable repenser le cadre institutionnel, la méthode de gestion et le rôle du secteur privé. Le milieu tropical apparaît très favorable au processus de compostage. Une technologie intermédiaire moins coûteuse semble adaptée au contexte socioculturel et économique du milieu africain. Plus le système d'exploitation agricole se modernise moins il est susceptible d'intégrer le compost. Les cultures maraîchères périurbaines semblent plus stables et susceptibles d'intégrer le compost urbain. La gestion intégrée des déchets ménagers semblent possible à condition de repenser le cadre institutionnel, la technologie adaptée, le financement du projet et le contexte économique et socioculturel du milieu.

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Kesseiri, Sadok. "Mutation agraire et intensification agricole dans la Wilaya d'Oran : un exemple de dynamique de l'espace péri-urbain en Algérie." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30059.

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La question qui a toujours ete posee est la suivante : - comment rehabiliter l'agriculture ? les principales preoccupations sont axees sur l'assainissement prioritaire du foncier agricole pour la stabilite des producteurs, ce que nous avons traite a travers les changements subis par les exploitations agricoles la mutation agraire la mise en valeur et l'exploitation maximale des terres necessitent l'etablissement d'un programne de developpement susceptible d'ameliorer la production par l'introduction de moyens et techniques modernes appropries : l' intensification agricole l'agriculture oranaise se trouve dans un espace peri-urbain donc dans une situation conflictuelle ce qui explique le developpement des problemes demographiques et urbains dans la 1 ere partie : l enjeu spatial cette agriculture depend de ses ressources limitees en terres. Son etude a ete developpee dans la 2 eme partie de notre recherche. : le maillage spatial. L'agriculture doit proteger ces terres pour produire. La protection des terres agricoles et l'amenagement du territoire sont traites dans la 3 eme partie : le zonage
The question whick is always askad is : - how to renovate agriculture ? the nain preoccupations concern the purification of the real estate to insuse producers stability. This was dealt with through the changes whick have occured in land working : agrarian mutation. Restore the land and maximase it cultivation, it is neceseary to develop a program whick will introduce modern neans and techniques : agrarian intensification the oran agriculture is in peri-urban environment thus in a conflictual situation whick explains the demographic and urban problems development, in the first part : spacial stake. This agriculture depended of ressources is limited in soil this etude is developed in the second part of recherche : spatial maillage. Agriculture must protect its land to produce. Agrarian land protection and territory organization are exposed in the third part : zonation

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Le, Ha Phong. "Les enjeux territoriaux contemporains de l’endiguement en milieu urbain : L’évolution des rives du fleuve Rouge à Hanoï." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI124/document.

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L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser les caractéristiques de la relation entre les villes et leurs fleuves, ainsi que les transformations des zones riveraines sous l’effet de l’urbanisation, avec le cas d’études de Hanoï et le fleuve Rouge, qui est représentatif de cette relation des pays du sud-est asiatique. Ce fleuve est la base importante de l’installation des Vietnamiens, de l’évolution des zones riveraines et de la forme urbaine de Hanoï. Sa relation avec cette ville est structurée par des caractères contradictories. Le fleuve offre la ville des opportunités, mais la menace par un risque d’inondations : tout d’abord, il contribue à développer l’agriculture en alimentant la ville en eau et alluvions, effectue un axe de transport fluvial important et constitue la forme d’une ville au milieu des eaux. Mais ses crues sont toujours un péril persistant de la ville. Au long de l’histoire, les habitants ont cherché à s’adapter au courant du fleuve. La construction et l’évolution de la digue est l’exemple de cette adaptation. La digue protège la ville contre les inondations, mais la sépare en deux parties. Cette séparation entraîne beaucoup de problèmes. Sous l’urbanisation et en raison du manque d’un cadastre d’autorités, les zones densément peuplées hors digue au centre ville et les nouveaux quartiers riverains du sud se transforment rapidement. Donc, une recherche pluridisciplinaire a été effectuée pour analyser le processus et les conséquences de ces transformations. Dans le contexte de la « nouvelle capitale » depuis 2008 et de son schéma directeur pour le développement de 2030, avec plusieurs stratégies du développement, l’étalement urbain et la migration vers le centre ville, cette recherche s’appuie particulièrement sur l’évolution économique suite aux changements administratifs, les questions foncières, les transformations des infrastructures et leurs conséquences environnementales des nouveaux quartiers ; les problèmes sociaux et démographiques des zones centrales où concentrent un grand nombre de migrants ; l’hésitation entre la préservation des valeurs architecturales et la modernité des villages de métiers. Enfin, la thèse cherche à analyser aussi les impacts de ces transformations sur le développement urbain de Hanoï, surtout au niveau du paysage et de la technique urbaine
This thesis is aimed to analyze the characteristics of the relation between cities and rivers, and also the transformations of riverine zones under urbanization, with the case study of Hanoi and Red river, which is typical of this relation in Southeast Asia. Red river is an important base of Vietnamese’s settlement, the evolution of the riverine zones and urban water form of Hanoi. Its relation with the city is built by some contrary characteristics. The river brings the city opportunities, but also threatens it with a risk of inundation: firstly, the river contributes to the development of agriculture by bringing water and depositing alluvium on the riverbank; it also creates an important fluvial traffic and make up the city’s form. However, flood from the river is always a persistent peril. Throughout the history, the inhabitants have been seeking to cohabit with the river. The construction and the evolution of the dyke is a typical example of this process. The dyke prevents the river from flooding the city, but it also divides the city into 2 parts. This separation brings on many problems. Under pressure of urbanization and lack of land register, the densely populated outside-dyke zones in city center and the new urban quarters in the South are transforming rapidly. Accordingly, an interdisciplinary research was carried out in order to analyze the process and the consequences of these transformations. In the context of a « new capital » from 2008 and its master plan for 2030 with many development strategies concerning urban expansion and the migration towards the city center, this research focus on economic evolution, land dispute, transformations of the system of urban infrastructure and their environmental consequences in the new riverine urban quarters, social problems in the central zones where concentrated by a lot of immigrants, the hesitation between modernity and tradition in the handicraft villages. Finally, this thesis is aimed to analyze the contrary impacts of these transformations to urban development of Hanoi, especially in landscape and in urban infrastructure

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Ba, Awa. "Les fonctions reconnues à l'agriculture intra et périurbaine (AIPU) dans le contexte dakarois : caratérisation, analyse et diagnostic de durabilité de cette agriculture en vue de son intégration dans le projet urbain de Dakar (Sénégal)." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/4646/01/These_Dr_Awa_BA.pdf.

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Résumés en français et en anglais
A l’instar de ce qui est constaté dans d’autres pays du Sud, la population urbaine de Dakar croît rapidement, tant par le croît naturel que l’immigration. Cela pose, entre autres, les questions de l’approvisionnement alimentaire, notamment en produits frais et de la gestion durable des espaces ouverts : les Niayes et les zones agricoles en périphérie de Rufisque. Aussi, deux programmes sont en cours à Dakar : le PASDUNE et les Microjardins, réactualisent la nécessité d’examiner la place d’une agriculture durable dans le fonctionnement de cette région capitale. La problématique présente les concepts d’ griculture urbaine, multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture et ville durable ainsi que le contexte. La méthodologie repose sur des enquêtes auprès de six catégories d’acteurs (agriculteurs, commerçants et bana-banas, consommateurs, élus, planificateurs et aménageurs et agents du conseil et de l’encadrement technique agricoles) pour tester les trois hypothèses suivantes : différentes fonctions sont reconnues aux Niayes et à l’agriculture ; les fonctions économiques prédominent ; cette reconnaissance fonctionnelle est importante pour maintenir une agriculture in situ. Nos résultats montrent que : - même si toutes les catégories d’acteurs sont conscientes du rôle alimentaire de proximité que joue l’agriculture intra et périurbaine à Dakar, les acteurs de la filière agricole – agriculteurs, intermédiaires (commerçants et bana-banas) et consommateurs – plébiscitent les fonctions économiques alors que les décideurs – élus, planificateurs et aménageurs et agents du conseil et de l’encadrement technique agricoles – mettent en avant les fonctions environnementales et paysagères (poumon vert) ; - à partir de la typologie fine que nous avons construite, il existe une grande diversité des types de systèmes de production et d’activité dans les quatre zones clé (avec ou sans Niayes, dans ou hors du tissu urbain dense) d’agriculture que nous avons identifiées. De plus, la durabilité intrinsèque et exogène des exploitations, au sens de Godard et Hubert (2002), est variable selon les types de systèmes de production et d’activité et les zones ; - les intermédiaires et les consommateurs accordent beaucoup d’importance à la fraîcheur et au prix bon marché des produits de Niayes mais certains évoquent la limite de l’utilisation des pesticides et des eaux usées urbaines sur certains sites et considèrent les produits micro-jardins comme plus sains. Enfin, la discussion confronte nos résultats avec la bibliographie et relève les limites de notre étude tout en soulignant les perspectives scientifiques et opérationnelles qu’elle offre. Notre travail montre la grande diversification de l’agriculture dakaroise et la nécessité d’instaurer une médiation entre les catégories d’acteurs pour une agriculture durable, un cadre de vie meilleur et une ville durable
As it is generally noted in other developing countries, the urban population of Dakar is fast growing, due to natural growth and immigration. This situation raises, among others, the issues of food supply, particularly fresh produces and sustainable management of opened spaces: Niayes and agricultural areas in the surroundings of Rufisque. Moreover, two programs ongoing in Dakar: the PASDUNE (Program of actions for protection and urban development of the Niayes and green zones of Dakar) and the Microgardens are re-actualizing the necessity to examine the place of a sustainable agriculture in the working of this capital region. The problematic presents the concepts of urban agriculture, multifunctionality of agriculture and sustainable city and the context. The methodology is based on surveys of six categories of actors (farmers, retailers and bana-banas, consumers, elected people, planners and agents of the agricultural council and technical training) to test the three following hypotheses: different functions are recognized to Niayes and agriculture; economic functions predominate; this functional recognition is important to maintain agriculture in situ. Our results show that: - even if all categories of actors are aware of the food supply role of the intra and periurban agriculture in Dakar, the actors of the agricultural sector - farmers, middlemen (retailers and bana-banas) and consumers – place in a prominent position the economic functions while decision-makers - elected people, and agents of the agricultural council and technical training - put forward environmental and landscape (green lung) functions; - From the thorough typology we built, there is a great diversity of production and activity’s systems in the four key areas (with or without Niayes, near or far from the city) of agriculture we have identified. Moreover, intrinsic and exogenous sustainability of farms, in the meaning of Godard and Hubert (2002), is variable depending on the types of production and activity’s systems and the areas; - The middlemen and consumers give great importance to the freshness and the cheapness of Niayes produces but some of them have talked about the limit of using wastewater and pesticides in some sites and have considered that micro-gardens’ produces are more wholesome. At last, the discussion compares our results with the bibliography and notes the limits of our study while stressing the scientific and operational perspective it offers. Our work shows the great diversification of Dakar’s agriculture and the necessity to set up mediation between the different categories of actors in order to promote a sustainable agriculture, a better living environment and a sustainable city

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Nahmias, Paula. "L’habiter citadin interrogé par l’agriculture urbaine." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20012/document.

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Dans le cadre d’une recherche en géographie sociale, cette thèse s’intéresse aux agricultures urbaines, particulièrement à celles pratiquées ou vécues par les citadins : agriculture professionnelle formant les paysages périurbains, agriculture de proximité en circuits courts, agriculture de loisirs, jardins familiaux et jardins partagés, espaces publics mis en production. Sur la base de critères de localisation, de fonctionnalités réciproques et de gouvernance métropolitaine, nous avons proposé une définition de l’agriculture urbaine qui intègre de manière constructive les espaces intra- et périurbains, les agricultures professionnelles et non professionnelles, les espaces agricoles privés, publics et auto-appropriés.La réflexion a été menée dans la ville de Rennes, en Bretagne, sur la base d’études exploratoires, d’observation participante et de douze entretiens approfondis avec des citadins jardiniers qui vivent le rapport ville campagne en termes d’activités productives mais aussi de sociabilités, de pratiques alimentaires et d’initiatives agro-écologiques. Les principaux résultats de la thèse sont au nombre de quatre. Premièrement, la description détaillée des modes d’investissement de l’espace-enjeu que représente aujourd’hui la nature productive dans la ville. Deuxièmement la mise en évidence, grâce à une approche topologique et à la cartographie associée, de la richesse des espaces vécus des habitants-jardiniers, espaces vécus qui dépassent largement le seul jardin du moment. Troisièmement, les « réseaux polytopiques » construits par les expériences agricoles des citadins, facteurs de questionnement non seulement sur lesmodes d’agriculture mais aussi sur l’alimentation et sur leur contribution à la construction de la ville. Quatrièmement, la production agricole construite comme une fonction urbaine qui renouvelle les modes d’habiter en reconnectant l’habitant à son milieu, par une déclinaison d’« attitudes jardinières » : « jardinier malin », « jardinier rurbain » et « jardinier militant »
Within the framework of a research in social geography, this thesis is interested in the urban agricultures, particularly in those practiced or lived by the city-dwellers: the professional farming that makes the periurban landscapes, the farms involved in short food supply chains, hobby farming, family and community gardens, public places used as farming places. According to location, mutual features and metropolitan governance, we proposed a definition of the urban agriculture which joins in a constructive way intra- and peri-urban spaces, professional and hobby farms, private, public and auto-appropriate agricultural spaces.The study took place in the city of Rennes, in Brittany (France), on the basis of exploratory surveys, on the basis of participating observation and on the basis of twelve in-depth interviews with gardening citydwellers who live the town and country relationship in terms of productive activities but also in terms of sociability, food practices and agro-ecological initiatives. The main results of the thesis are among four. Firstly, the in-depth description of the modes of involvment in the gardens as a spatial issue which represents today the productive nature in the city. Secondly, thanks to a topological approach and to its associated mapping, the highlighting of lived spaces richness for the inhabitants-gardeners, spaces which exceed widely the only current gardening place. Thirdly, "polytopic networks" built by the agricultural experiences of the city-dwellers are sources of questioning not only on the modalities of farming but also on the food and on their contribution to the construction of the city. Fourthly, the agricultural production can be considered as an urban function reconnecting the inhabitant with his environment, thus renewing the inhabiting modes, itemized as three "gardening attitudes": "clever gardener", "rurban gardener" and "militant gardener"

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Robert-Boeuf, Camille. "Les jardins collectifs : entre urbanisation de la campagne et agrarisation de la ville : mise en regard de l'Ile-de-France et de Kazan." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100131.

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Les jardins collectifs de l’Île-de-France et de la région de Kazan offrent l’exemple d’une des plus anciennes formes de jardinage urbain en Europe qui se positionne à l’interface entre le monde de la ville et celui de la campagne. À l’échelle locale, si les jardins sont d’abord des espaces domestiques, de l’ordre de l’intime, ils renvoient aussi à la construction d’une communauté qui se fonde sur le travail agricole et des relations de voisinage fortes, faisant écho à une communauté paysanne idéalisée. Ces communautés se structurent autour de jeux de normalisations complexes non sans tensions entre différentes générations de jardiniers. À l’échelle métropolitaine, les jardins collectifs affirment une agrarisation de la ville tout d’abord à travers la construction de modes d’habiter agri-urbains qui promeuvent un desserrement du tissu urbain et de nouveaux modes d’alimentation. Ensuite, ils servent de passerelles entre acteurs urbains et acteurs des périphéries rurales. Enfin, la mise en tension entre agrarisation et urbanisation souligne le rôle des jardins dans la fabrique de la ville, notamment leur participation dans le maintien d’un foncier agricole dans la ville en dépit de l’étalement et de la densification. Dans cette approche, la mise en regard franco-russe soutient tout particulièrement une réflexion sur l’hybridation entre urbanisation et agrarisation avec l’affirmation d’un droit à la terre en regard du droit à la ville
Collective gardens of Île-de-France and the Kazan region are examples of one of the oldest forms of urban gardening in Europe and they are at the interface between the city and the countryside. At the local level, despite their domestic and private roles, gardens also referring to a community structured around complex norms and tensions between different generations of gardeners. These communities are based on agricultural work, strong neighborhood relations which is why they can be analysed through the concept of idealized peasant community. At the metropolitan level, collective gardens affirm an agrarisation of the city because they build an agri-urban way of live, promoting a low urban density and new eating habits. Moreover, they make connections between urban and rural actors. Finally, tension between agrarization and urbanization highlights the role of gardens in the city’s construction, as they maintain agricultural land in a context of urban spreading and densification. In this approach, the franco-russian comparison particularly supports a reflection on the hybridization of agrarization and urbanization with the affirmation of a right to land in resonance with the right to the city
Коллективные сады из Иль-де-Франс и Казаны являются одной из древнейших форм городского садоводства в Европе, которая находятся между городским и сельским миром. На местном уровне, несмотря на их домашнюю и частную роль, сады строят сообщества, структурированные вокруг сложных норм и напряженности между разными поколениями садоводов. Эти сообщества - основаны на сельскохозяйственной работе и крепких соседских отношениях, поэтому их можно проанализировать с помощью концепции идеализированного крестьянского сообщества. На уровне метрополии, коллективные сады утверждают аграризацию города и создают сельско-городской образ жизни, способствуя созданию менее плотного городского пространства и новых привычек питания. Кроме того, они устанавливают связи между городскими и сельскими населением. Наконец, напряженность между аграризацией и урбанизацией подчеркивает роль садов в строительстве города, поскольку они сохраняют сельскохозяйственные земли в условиях распространения и уплотнения городов. При таком подходе, франко-российское сравнение особенно подчеркивает гибридизацию аграризации и урбанизации с подтверждением права на землю и права на город

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Rousseau, Guillaume. "Analyses multidimensionnelles des effets de la rotation et d'un compost urbain sur la sclérotiniose du soja et la santé du sol." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22392/22392.pdf.

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Chez deux sols (loam argileux ou sableux), on a comparé l'effet de la monoculture de soja et de la rotation soja-maïs (2-3 ans de maïs puis 1-2 ans de soja), ainsi que l'effet d’un compost urbain et de la fertilisation minérale, sur la survie et la germination carpogénique des sclérotes du Sclerotinia sclerotiorum et sur la sclérotiniose du soja. Au site argileux, la rotation de 3-ans-de-maïs a réduit (effet suppressif) la gravité de la maladie par un rendement accru du soja et par la diminution du couvert de dicotylédones, alors que le compost a augmenté la maladie. L'azote était négativement corrélé à la survie des sclérotes sous fertilisation minérale. Au site sableux, l'interaction 3-ans-de-maïs x compost a réduit la maladie. La teneur en argile a favorisé la germination carpogénique et la gravité de sclérotiniose, alors qu'une stabilité structurale accrue et l'activité microbiologique étaient négativement corrélées à la germination. Cette étude approfondit les interactions entre pratiques culturales, santé du sol et couvert végétal, et contribue à mieux expliquer leurs effets propres et communs sur la sclérotiniose.

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Siqueira, Manoel Francisco Beauclair de. "Avaliação de projeto de agricultura familiar em faixa de dutos na Baixada Fluminense, RJ." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256979.

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Orientador: Maristela Simões do Carmo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T05:42:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Siqueira_ManoelFranciscoBeauclairde_M.pdf: 4403810 bytes, checksum: 906f8e7759fe9c87508ef2f10ee107de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Esta dissertação avalia o Projeto de Agricultura Familiar em Faixa de Dutos (PAF Dutos), entre os anos 2005 e 2008, em 04 diferentes áreas nos municípios de Nova Iguaçu e Duque de Caxias no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este projeto foi uma parceria entre a Petrobrás, a Transpetro, as organizações não governamentais ITPA (Instituto Terra de Preservação Ambiental) e Entidade Ambientalista Onda Verde. No projeto 85 famílias foram selecionadas nas comunidades próximas e receberam todos os insumos necessários para produção (sementes, mudas, equipamentos e ferramentas, poço semi-artesiano, energia elétrica, caminhão e agroindústria, dentre outros), além de uma equipe multidisciplinar para assessoramento técnico e organizacional. Analisaram-se as oportunidades locais geradas com a implantação do projeto e as possibilidades de garantia de sustentabilidade para as famílias envolvidas. Foram produzidas mais de 15 variedades de hortaliças em lotes de aproximadamente 1000m². Os produtos foram comercializados principalmente para merenda escolar nas creches e escolas municipais, atendendo mais de 30000 crianças nos dois municípios. Além disso, os produtos comercializados em feiras locais nas comunidades mostraram que alimentos orgânicos podem ser acessíveis às comunidades de baixa renda. Houve benefícios diretos e indiretos, tanto para os agricultores quanto para as comunidades envolvidas. A metodologia de implantação mostrou-se replicável para outras realidades. Entretanto a descontinuidade do projeto, antes da completa formação dos agricultores, dificultou a permanência das famílias na atividade e a manutenção dos resultados positivos. Observou-se que a parceria Estado - sociedade civil pode trazer desenvolvimento para comunidades pouco assistidas, desde que haja um trabalho multidisciplinar e um investimento permanente em toda a cadeia produtiva até a completa formação das famílias, tanto do ponto de vista de produção quanto do ponto de vista de organização.
Abstract: This thesis evaluates the Family Farming Project in Pipeline Range (PAF Pipeline) between the years 2005 and 2008, in 04 different areas in the municipalities of Nova Iguaçu and Duque de Caxias in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This project was a partnership between Petrobrás, Transpetro, non-governmental organizations ITPA (Institute of Earth and Environmental Preservation) and environmentalist entity Onda Verde. In the project were selected 85 families in nearby communities that received all inputs needed for organic production (seeds, seedlings, equipment and tools, semi-artesian well, electric power, truck and agro industry, among others), they also had a multidisciplinary team for technical and organizational advice. Local opportunities generated by the implementation of the project and the possibilities of ensuring the sustainability for the families involved were analyzed. More thann 15 varieties of vegetables were produced in lots of land of about 1000m ². The products were marketed primarily for school feeding in public schools and kindergartens, having served more than 30,000 children in the two municipalities. Furthermore, products sold at fairs in local communities have shown that organic food can be accessible to low-income communities. There were both direct and indirect benefits for farmers and for the communities involved. The methodology of implementation has proven replicable for other realities. Meanwhile the discontinuation of the project before full training of farmers hampered the permanence of families in the activity and the maintenance of positive results. It was observed that the partnership between Governmental enterprises, non-governmental and civil society can promote the development of communities little assisted, when provided with a multidisciplinary work and a permanent investment throughout the production chain until the full formation of families, both in production and organization.
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

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Pierart, Antoine. "Rôle des champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules et des bioamendements dans le transfert et la bioaccessibilité de Cd, Pb et Sb vers les végétaux cultivés en milieu urbain." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30148/document.

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Pollution et agriculture urbaine (AU) sont deux mondes interconnectés soumettant les villes au défi de la durabilité, dans un contexte où la pollution aux metalloïdes augmente au moins autant que l'intérêt pour l'agriculture urbaine. Les biofertilisants / bioamendements utilisés en AU (champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules, compost, biochar) peuvent influencer la mobilité des polluants du sol. Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre le devenir de contaminants inorganiques géogéniques et anthropiques, majeurs (Cd, Pb) ou émergents (Sb), dans des systèmes sol-plante-biofertilisant et leur bioaccessibilité pour l'homme. Si la mobilité des polluants est modifiée par les biofertilisants, le type de source influence aussi leur bioaccessibilité. La communauté fongique semble cruciale dans ces phénomènes mais est impactée par l'ajout de compost. Ainsi, l'utilisation de ces biofertilisants sur sol pollué est à raisonner du fait des interactions multiples affectant la phytodisponibilité des polluants
Urban agriculture (UA) and pollution are two worlds more inter-connected every day, creating one of the main challenges of sustainable cities as persistent metal(loid) contamination increases as much as the interest for urban agriculture. Biofertilizers and bioamendments used in UA (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, compost, and biochar) can influence the mobility of contaminants in soil. This study aims to better understand the fate of anthropic or geogenic, major (Cd, Pb) and emerging (Sb), inorganic contaminants in soil-plant-biofertilizer systems and their human bioaccessibility. While contaminant mobility in soil is affected by biofertilizers, their origin influences also their bioaccessibility. The fungal community seems crucial in this phenomenon but is impacted by compost addition. Hence, using these biofertilizers in contaminated soils has to be thought wisely because of the multiple interactions affecting contaminant's phytoavailability

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Riedel, Jodi Songer. "Effects of an Introductory Agricultural Education Course on Agricultural Literacy and Perceptions of Agriculture in Urban Students." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07102006-202453/.

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The purpose of this study has been to determine the effects of an introductory agricultural education course on high school urban students agricultural literacy and their perceptions of the food and fiber industry. North Carolina schools offer an introductory course called Agriscience Applications and is meant to be the first in a series of agricultural education courses. This course is expected to positively impact the agricultural literacy and perceptions of agriculture upon its students. Data were collected from six schools in urban counties throughout North Carolina with 152 respondents. Five questions were specified for this study as follows: 1) Does an introductory agricultural education course increase students agricultural literacy in an urban agricultural education program; 2) does an introductory agricultural education course increase student knowledge of agricultural careers and opportunities for employment; 3) does an introductory agricultural education class increase student knowledge of agriculture?s relationship with public policy; 4) does an introductory agricultural education class change a student?s understanding of agriculture?s relationship with the environment and natural resources; 5) what influence does an introductory agricultural education class have upon students? perceptions of the food and fiber industry? Upon completion of the Agriscience Applications course, students did increase their agricultural literacy. The students showed greatest improvement in agriculture literacy regarding public policy and the least improvement in career related knowledge. The perception scores of students regarding agriculture were not statistically significant.

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Ponton, Martin. "Diagnostic et perspectives d'un système de gestion des déchets domestiques urbains : le cas de Santiago de los Cabaileros en République Dominicaine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11451.

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Une ville peut être considérée comme un éco-sociosystème conçu par l'homme, ayant des analogies paradigmatiques avec les écosystèmes naturels. Une telle perspective met l'accent sur les interrelations et les complémentarités actuelles et potentielles entre différentes activités humaines conduites dans la ville. Ainsi, l'urbanisation engendre, dans une perspective de développement durable, un effet négatif sur l'environnement et la santé des populations. Plus spécifiquement, la croissance démographique et économique ainsi que l'étalement de l'espace urbain de la ville de Santiago soulèvent d'immenses problèmes. Ceux-ci requièrent des investissements considérables pour leurs solutions et créent des besoins en matière de services urbains que cette ville peut difficilement se permettre. Par exemple, les déchets domestiques pourraient être récupérés et utilisés pour la satisfaction d'autres besoins humains : v. g. compost pour la production alimentaire et énergétique. L'éco-sociosystème urbain apparaît donc comme un vaste réservoir de ressources potentielles à identifier et dans lesquelles il faut puiser pour tenter d'arrêter la détérioration (et peut-être améliorer la qualité) de la vie urbaine, particulièrement pour les sous populations marginalisées.

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Bloise, Carolina Peyró. "Hortas urbanas de Évora: práticas culturais, troca de saberes e contribuição para a biodiversidade agrícola." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16439.

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As hortas urbanas de Évora, criadas pela autarquia em 2011, albergam 228 talhões, todos ocupados. Através deste trabalho, pretendeu-se definir o perfil dos hortelões, estudar aspetos relativos à agricultura que aí se pratica, nomeadamente práticas agrícolas utilizadas, biodiversidade agrícola, recolha de semente e existência de variedades locais e tentar perceber se existe um fluxo de informação, que contribua para a educação desta comunidade. Para isso foram realizados inquéritos a 46 hortelões. Concluiu-se que existe uma diversidade de pessoas que se reflete nas práticas agrícolas, tendo-se definido dois grupos: um utiliza práticas mais convencionais e outro práticas mais biológicas. Foram encontrados oito hortelões com variedades locais e um número considerável que recolhe a própria semente. Existe uma partilha de produtos hortícolas, sementes e conhecimentos que parece ser enriquecedora para todos. As hortas urbanas de Évora têm um importante potencial educativo, desempenhando simultaneamente o papel de espaço recreativo e de apoio social; ABSTRACT: Allotment Gardens in Évora: agricultural practices, exchange of knowledge and contribution to agricultural biodiversity Allotment gardens in Évora are promoted by the City Hall since 2011 and include 228 garden plots, all occupied. This work aimed to study the gardener’s profiles and some aspects related with agricultural practices and agricultural biodiversity, if gardeners collect their own seeds and cultivate local varieties. We also wanted to understand if there is a flow of information that may contribute to everyone’s education. We made inquires to 46 gardeners and concluded there is a diversity of people who implement a diversity of agricultural practices. Two different groups were defined: one uses conventional agriculture and the other uses organic. There are eight gardeners planting local varieties and a considerable amount who collect their own seeds. There is also an exchange of products, seeds and knowledge that is enriching for everyone. In conclusion, allotment gardens in Évora have a huge educational potential and work like recreation and social support spaces.

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Silva, Gustavo Henrique Pereira da. "Os efeitos de áreas agrícolas urbanas na intensidade das ilhas de calor em Florianópolis - SC /." Presidente Prudente, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192773.

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Orientador: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim
Resumo: O acelerado crescimento das cidades associado a um planejamento ineficiente ocasionou inúmeros problemas ambientais que recaem sobre a qualidade de vida da população. Nesse contexto de alterações das condições do ambiente natural, inúmeros estudos científicos foram suscitados, dentre eles, destacam-se os que se propuseram a estudar o clima das cidades. Diante disso, esta pesquisa baseou-se na proposta teórica e metodológica do Sistema Clima Urbano (S.C.U), com enfoque no subsistema termodinâmico e teve como objetivo central investigar os efeitos de áreas agrícolas urbanas na intensidade das ilhas de calor em Florianópolis - SC, no que se refere às condições de temperatura, um dos principais elementos climáticos responsáveis pelo conforto térmico. A ênfase dada à Florianópolis relaciona-se à presença de um marco legal que prevê a implantação e apoio à prática agrícola nos espaços intraurbano e periurbano. Os procedimentos metodológicos realizados, consistiram na busca por dados de temperatura a partir de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e pontos fixos. Foram tratadas e analisadas as imagens do satélite Landsat-8, que mostraram diferenças nas características térmicas dos alvos, comparando-se áreas densamente construídas com áreas não construídas, apresentando intensidades de ilhas de calor de superfície de até 14ºC. As áreas com maior desenvolvimento vegetativo, com destaque para aquelas localizadas nos topos dos morros, apresentaram as menores temperaturas das cenas e as áreas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The accelerated growth of cities associated with inefficient planning has caused numerous environmental issues that affect the population quality of life. In this context of changes in natural environment conditions, several scientific studies have been carried out, among which stand out those who focused on studying the climate of cities. Therefore, the present research was based on the theoretical and methodological proposal of the Urban Climate System (UCS), with emphasis on the thermodynamic subsystem. The main objective was to investigate the effects of urban agricultural areas on the intensity of heat islands in Florianópolis - SC, with regard to temperature conditions, one of the main climatic elements responsible for thermal comfort. The emphasis given to Florianópolis is related to the presence of a legal framework that provides for the implementation and support of agricultural practice in intra-urban and peri-urban spaces. The methodological procedures performed consisted of researching temperature data using remote sensing techniques and fixed points. Landsat-8 satellite images were treated and analyzed, which presented differences in the thermal characteristics of the targets, comparing densely built areas with non-built spaces, revealing intensities of surface heat islands of up to 14ºC. The areas with the highest vegetative development, with emphasis on those located at the top of hills, presented the lowest temperatures in the scenes, and the areas of urban an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Paim, Alessandra Bonotto Hoffmann. "A agricultura urbana e as suas contribuições para a segurança alimentar e o desenvolvimento mais sustentável das pequenas municipalidades : estudo de caso : hortas domésticas no Município de Feliz/RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181262.

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A presente pesquisa surge a partir da reflexão sobre o sistema atual de produção de alimentos e abastecimento das cidades e as consequências geradas no ambiente e na saúde da população. Há um movimento para o retorno da produção de alimentos nas cidades, onde a maioria da população mundial habita, tanto com a finalidade de reduzir os impactos ambientais da agricultura industrial, quanto para proporcionar o acesso equitativo a alimentos mais saudáveis e com preços mais acessíveis. O desenvolvimento sustentável busca sistemas resilientes de produção visando à existência de cidades mais seguras e autossuficientes. Uma cidade autossuficiente é aquela que consegue gerar infraestrutura básica para se manter dentro de sua pegada física e metabolizar os resíduos gerados, minimizando os efeitos negativos dos assentamentos urbanos no ambiente. Dentre a busca por alternativas que contribuíssem para o planejamento de cidades mais sustentáveis, foi identificado o conceito da agricultura urbana (AU); em particular, das hortas domésticas. As hortas domésticas, consideradas um dos sistemas de cultivo mais antigos do mundo, parecem ser a mais bem-sucedida estratégia de AU para aumentar a segurança alimentar das famílias, além de proporcionar diversos outros benefícios. Desse modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é contribuir para um maior entendimento sobre como as hortas domésticas podem se constituir em uma estratégia para aumentar a segurança alimentar nas cidades, particularmente em áreas urbanas de pequenas municipalidades objetivando uma maior sustentabilidade urbana. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foram utilizadas duas estratégias de pesquisa principais: pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas: compreensão, desenvolvimento e reflexão Na etapa de compreensão, realizou-se a revisão bibliográfica para entendimento do tema e para obtenção de subsídios para as etapas seguintes. Na etapa de desenvolvimento, foi realizado um estudo exploratório, no objeto de estudo, o Município de Feliz (RS), cujo objetivo foi avaliar o potencial das hortas domésticas, em termos de produção de alimentos, bem como de outros benefícios proporcionados aos moradores urbanos. Em uma segunda etapa, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para avaliar o potencial da área de estudo, em termos de produção de alimentos para suprir as necessidades alimentares da população local, visando a autossuficiência alimentar. Na etapa de reflexão, apresentam-se os resultados da pesquisa e as contribuições teóricas. A presente pesquisa é inovadora, e corroborou a teoria acerca do potencial de produção de alimentos das hortas domésticas, em termos de segurança alimentar e autossuficiência das pequenas municipalidades, a partir do estudo realizado em Feliz/RS. Além disso, os casos de hortas domésticas analisados no estudo exploratório, revelaram que já existem inúmeras iniciativas de autossuficiência alimentar com diversa produção de alimentos na área de estudo, bem como disponibilidade de áreas potenciais de agricultura urbana, para ampliar essa atividade.
The following research proposal emerges from the reflection of our current food production system and cities supply and their consequences to the environment and to city people’s health. Presently, there is a movement towards food production comeback in cities, where the majority of the present world population lives. Such movement has the goal of reducing the environmental impacts caused by intensive farming, as well as providing fair access to healthier food, at more affordable prices. Sustainable development aims at resilient systems of production, as well as on safer and more self-reliant cities. A self-reliant city provides basic infrastructure, keeping it into its ecological footprint. During the search for alternatives for more sustainable cities planning, the concept of urban agriculture (UA) was identified, more specifically backyard food production. Home food gardens, considered to be one of the oldest ways of producing food, seem to be UA’s most successful strategy to increase family food security, besides providing a number of added benefits. This way, the main goal of this research is contributing to a better understanding on how residential food gardens can constitute a strategy to increase food security in cities, particularly in urban areas and small towns aiming a higher degree of sustainability. For the development of this study, two specific research strategies were used: literature review and case study. The research was carried out in three steps: comprehension, development and reflection. In the comprehension step, a literature review was made in order to better understand the subject and to look for subsidies for the following steps. In the development step, an exploratory study on the object of study was made. The object of study was the municipality of Feliz (RS), where the goal was to evaluate in what extent residential food gardens could supply a family’s necessities of food and what other benefits it could provide to urban inhabitants, and, on a second stage, a methodology was developed to assess the potential of the area of study with regard to food self-reliance. In the reflection step, the results of the research and theoretical contributions were presented. In addition, a sample of home food gardens were identified and analyzed, and showed that there are already various good initiatives aiming at food self-reliance in the area of study, being as well identified the availability of potential plots for expanding urban agriculture in the municipality’s area.

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Nolasco, Camille Lanzarotti. "A dimensão ecológica da agricultura urbana no município de Juiz de Fora/MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4685.

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A Agricultura Urbana (AU) tem sido objeto de estudos recentes, devido à sua grande importância junto às ciências sociais e políticas e sua localização dentro dos limites das cidades contemporâneas. Suas implicações na Ecologia Urbana vão desde a manutenção de áreas verdes e interação com a fauna, até a perpetuação de saberes tradicionais da população, passando por questões como a segurança alimentar de seus habitantes, a utilização dos recursos naturais, e a sustentabilidade urbana. Entender como a Agricultura Urbana está inserida na Ecologia Urbana permite criar propostas integradas a outras questões de cunho ecológico que venham a direcionar a cidade para um futuro sustentável. O presente estudo teve como objetivo central compreender a dimensão ecológica da agricultura urbana, nas áreas intra e periurbanas, do Distrito Sede do município de Juiz de Fora, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, analisando como a prática da agricultura urbana dialoga com a ecologia desta cidade. Através das indicações de informantes foram encontradas 179 áreas de ocorrência de AU em Juiz de Fora, separadas em setores específicos na execução desta pesquisa: Projetos Sociais Municipais, Escolas (municipais, estaduais, federais e particulares), Instituições (públicas, religiosas, assistenciais e unidades básicas de saúde), Áreas de Produção Comercial, e Quintais Produtivos (no bairro Monte Castelo). Entrevistas semi-estruturadas e visitas foram realizadas em um total de 77 áreas. A partir do resultado obtido empiricamente, foi possível categorizar os agricultores urbanos de Juiz de Fora (migrantes rurais, idosos, professores, alunos, beneficiários de projetos e agricultores comerciais) que associaram a atividade agrícola a uma melhoria na qualidade de vida, apresentando orgulho de suas produções, felicidade e apreciação da beleza cênica. Constatou-se que as interações ecológicas se dão de várias formas, sendo encontrados pontos positivos como o menor deslocamento entre a produção e o consumidor final, a manutenção e criação de áreas verdes e com solo permeável, a pouca utilização de agrotóxicos, o fornecimento de alimento e habitat para indivíduos da fauna, a diversidade de espécimes vegetais, o aproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos através de compostagem (pouca ainda), a aproximação das pessoas com o verde e a utilização da AU como ferramenta de educação ambiental, alimentar e cidadã. Dentre os pontos negativos levantados estão: a utilização de águas contaminadas, a utilização de alguns agrotóxicos e de adubação química, e o pouco aproveitamento dos resíduos orgânicos. Sendo que a maioria dos problemas relacionados com a má utilização dos recursos naturais pelos agricultores urbanos se deve a falta de instrução, treinamento e acompanhamento. A pesquisa constatou que as áreas agrícolas urbanas em Juiz de Fora constituem locais de grande importância para os envolvidos, para a conservação dos recursos naturais e biodiversidade, para a manutenção de saberes tradicionais e são fundamentais na busca por uma sustentabilidade desta cidade.
The urban agriculture (UA) has been the object of recent studies due to its importance from the social and policy sciences and its location within the limits of contemporary cities. Their implications for Urban Ecology ranging from the maintenance of green areas and interaction with wildlife, to the perpetuation of traditional knowledge of the population, through such issues as, food security of its inhabitants, use of natural resources and urban sustainability. Understanding how Urban Agriculture is embedded in the Urban Ecology, create integrated proposals to other environmental issues that will guide the city into a sustainable future. This study aimed to understand the ecological dimension of the Urban Agriculture, within urban and in suburban areas of the District Headquarters of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyzing how the practice of Urban Agriculture occurs and argue with the ecology of this city. Were found 179 areas of UA occurrence in Juiz de Fora indicated by the informants, separated into specific sectors in the implementation of this research: Social Municipal Projects, Schools (municipal, state, federal and private), Institutions (public, religious, welfare and basic health units), Commercial production areas, and Productive backyards (neighborhood of Monte Castelo). Semi-structured interviews and visits were carried out in a total of 77 areas. From the empirical result, it was possible to categorize the urban farmers of Juiz de Fora (rural migrants, elderly, teachers, students, beneficiaries of projects and commercial farmers) who joined the agricultural activity to an improvement in quality of life, having pride of their productions, happiness and appreciation of scenic beauty. The ecological interactions occur in several ways, being observed positive points as the smaller distance between production and final consumer, the maintenance and creation of green areas and permeable soil, low use of agrochemicals, supply of food and habitat for fauna individuals, diversity of plant specimens, use of organic waste through composting (still low), the approach of people with the green and use of the UA as a tool for food, citizen and environmental education. Among the negative points raised are: the use of contaminated water, the use of some pesticides and chemical fertilizer, and little use of organic waste. The majority of problems related to bad use of natural resources by farmers are due to lack of education, training and monitoring. This research found that urban agricultural areas in Juiz de Fora are places of great importance for those involved, for the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity, for the maintenance of traditional knowledge, and are fundamental in the search for sustainability of this city.

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Oliveira, Neto Paulo de [UNESP]. "Agricultura urbana e segurança alimentar: um estudo de caso no município de Maringá, estado do Paraná." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151608.

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A urbanização decorrente do processo de industrialização brasileira,ocorrida a partir da segunda parte do século XX, período pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, causou influência nos aspectos infra estruturais dos grandes centros, com processo massivo de desenvolvimento da produção dos bens de consumo e o estímulo da indústria e, consequentemente, o crescimento populacional da malha urbana. Passado este período, e após a entrada de sucessivas estagnações e recessões econômicas, ocorreram problemas estruturais socioeconômicos quanto à saúde e as questões sociais, ocasionando, entre outras mazelas, a insegurança alimentar. É nesse aspecto, da segurança alimentar e nutricional nos centros urbanos que é abordada a Agricultura Urbana. A atividade concentra-se na produção agrícola dentro de espaços urbanos, e espera-se que promova, além da melhoria no meio ambiente e reorganização dos espaços urbanos ociosos e poluídos, a segurança alimentar com benefícios a saúde dos praticantes da atividade. O presente estudo consistiu em analisar o impacto da Agricultura Urbana sobre a Segurança Alimentar dos praticantes consumidores da atividade de Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana (AUP) no município de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, por meio da avaliação das escalas de insegurança alimentar bem como análise estatística descritiva e regressão múltipla linear. Além disso, foram caracterizados seus integrantes e disponibilidade de alimentos, em quantidade e qualidade socialmente desejáveis. Como resultado, identificou-se que a atividade não tem produzido um quadro de segurança alimentar que atenda às necessidades básicas nutricionais dos praticantes consumidores, os quais estão em situação de insegurança alimentar, e é utilizada, por grande parte da população na situação de segurança alimentar para fins de lazer e terapia.
The urbanization resulting from the Brazilian industrialization process, which occurred after the second part of the twentieth century, after the Second World War, influenced the infra-structural aspects of large centers, with a massive process of development of the production of consumer goods and the stimulation of industry and, consequently, the population growth of the urban network. After this period, and after the entry of successive stagnations and economic recessions, there were socioeconomic structural problems regarding health and social issues, causing, among other problems, food insecurity. It is in this aspect of food and nutritional security in urban centers that Urban Agriculture is addressed. The activity focuses on agricultural production within urban spaces, and is expected to promote, in addition to improving the environment and reorganization of idle and polluted urban spaces, food security with health benefits of practitioners. The present study consisted in analyzing the impact of Urban Agriculture on the Food Safety of consumers of the Urban and Periurban Agriculture (AUP) activity in the city of Maringá, State of Paraná, through the evaluation of food insecurity scales as well as statistical analysis descriptive and linear multiple regression. In addition, its members and food availability were characterized in a quantity and quality that was socially desirable. As a result, it was identified that the activity has not produced a food safety framework that meets the basic nutritional needs of the practicing consumers, which are food insecure, and is used by a large part of the population in the food security situation for leisure and therapy purposes.

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Ba, Awa. "Les Fonctions reconnues à l'agriculture intra et périurbaine (AIPU) dans le contexte dakarois ; caractérisation, analyse et diagnostic de durabilité de cette agriculture en vue de son intégration dans le projet urbain de Dakar (Sénégal)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004646.

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A l'instar de ce qui est constaté dans d'autres pays du Sud, la population urbaine de Dakar croît rapidement, tant par le croît naturel que l'immigration. Cela pose, entre autres, les questions de l'approvisionnement alimentaire, notamment en produits frais et de la gestion durable des espaces ouverts : les Niayes et les zones agricoles en périphérie de Rufisque. Aussi, deux programmes sont en cours à Dakar : le PASDUNE et les Microjardins, réactualisent la nécessité d'examiner la place d'une agriculture durable dans le fonctionnement de cette région capitale. La problématique présente les concepts d'agriculture urbaine, multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et ville durable ainsi que le contexte. La méthodologie repose sur des enquêtes auprès de six catégories d'acteurs (agriculteurs, commerçants et bana-banas, consommateurs, élus, planificateurs et aménageurs et agents du conseil et de l'encadrement technique agricoles) pour tester les trois hypothèses suivantes : différentes fonctions sont reconnues aux Niayes et à l'agriculture ; les fonctions économiques prédominent ; cette reconnaissance fonctionnelle est importante pour maintenir une agriculture in situ. Nos résultats montrent que : - même si toutes les catégories d'acteurs sont conscientes du rôle alimentaire de proximité que joue l'agriculture intra et périurbaine à Dakar, les acteurs de la filière agricole - agriculteurs, intermédiaires (commerçants et bana-banas) et consommateurs - plébiscitent les fonctions économiques alors que les décideurs - élus, planificateurs et aménageurs et agents du conseil et de l'encadrement technique agricoles - mettent en avant les fonctions environnementales et paysagères (poumon vert) ; - à partir de la typologie fine que nous avons construite, il existe une grande diversité des types de systèmes de production et d'activité dans les quatre zones clé (avec ou sans Niayes, dans ou hors du tissu urbain dense) d'agriculture que nous avons identifiées. De plus, la durabilité intrinsèque et exogène des exploitations, au sens de Godard et Hubert (2002), est variable selon les types de systèmes de production et d'activité et les zones ; - les intermédiaires et les consommateurs accordent beaucoup d'importance à la fraîcheur et au prix bon marché des produits de Niayes mais certains évoquent la limite de l'utilisation des pesticides et des eaux usées urbaines sur certains sites et considèrent les produits micro-jardins comme plus sains. Enfin, la discussion confronte nos résultats avec la bibliographie et relève les limites de notre étude tout en soulignant les perspectives scientifiques et opérationnelles qu'elle offre. Notre travail montre la grande diversification de l'agriculture dakaroise et la nécessité d'instaurer une médiation entre les catégories d'acteurs pour une agriculture durable, un cadre de vie meilleur et une ville durable.

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Brandão, Tiago André Silva. "Um quotidiano rural no espaço urbano." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12063.

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.
ABSTRACT: It is inherent to the human being the unique and distinct way he interacts with the spaces or with a particular place. This is, by itself, essential for the development of each other. Both share the time. Both age, connected by cause / effect relations where both become - or at least should become- the reflection of each other. Together they tend to mold themselves as consequence of how humans use the space and its spatial response, whether in small public / private spaces or in large urban centers. Recognizing Lisbon as an heterogeneous urban space, consolidated as a whole but fragmented in detail, the present essay aims, at first, to develop a critical and intervening approach to the Rio Seco’s valley, a featureless and fragmented area of Lisbon. Secondary, it focuses on the Casalinho da Ajuda neighborhood case. While attempting to understand its intrinsic relationship between place, the community and its lifestyles, this thesis talks about the crucial influence and important impact that daily life activities should have on the design of new urban public spaces. Finally, the essay intend to praise and question how can architecture, and its physical representation by an architectural object, intervene on the design of new public spaces while shaping them into good transitions and interfaces between the urban and the natural spaces, providing the necessary support and environment for the correct development of certain communities lifestyles, promoting a cohesive way of living and finally, creating the means for a suitable social interaction.

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Carter, Cora J. "Exploring safety and health concerns with urban and peri-urban livestock production in the city of Managua, Nicaragua." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543545706715605.

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Oliveira, Daniel Azevedo Mendes de. "Agricultura e agrossilvicultura urbana e suas políticas públicas: uma análise no município de Piracicaba." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-21012019-144052/.

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Com a modernização da agricultura, uma consequência foi o grande êxodo rural que ocorreu no Brasil e na América Latina na segunda metade do século XX. Dessa maneira os alimentos começaram a viajar maiores distancias, consequentemente encarecendo os preços, principalmente dos mais perecíveis, como as hortaliças. Nesse contexto surge a agricultura urbana ocupando espaços vazios urbanos e produzindo alimentos frescos próximos a centros consumidores. O presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Piracicaba, onde existe uma grande quantidade de hortas urbanas; também motivou o início deste trabalho a existência de quintais agroflorestais urbanos, e o conhecimento dos benefícios ambientais que trazem para as cidades de maneira geral, partindo do pressuposto de que existem diversos benefícios ambientais, sociais e econômicos na agricultura e agrossilvicultura urbana. Pensando na questão ambiental, os quintais agroflorestais urbanos podem parecer insignificantes inicialmente, pela própria dimensão física limitada; entretanto, em conjunto eles desempenham uma grande função ambiental, promovendo infiltração da água das chuvas e melhorias no microclima, além do acréscimo de biodiversidade ao ecossistema urbano. As hortas urbanas têm seu potencial ambiental, entretanto a questão estéticas, sanitária e de segurança alimentar são mais facilmente visualizadas, pois efetivamente aumentam a oferta de hortaliças frescas a preços acessíveis dentro das cidades, melhorando a alimentação da população. Entretanto, a questão dos agrotóxicos dentro do ambiente urbano é uma discussão um pouco complexa, que também deve ser trazida em nível de política pública. O presente trabalho parte da hipótese de que políticas públicas que contemplem a multifuncionalidade da agricultura e agrossilvicultura urbana e periurbana trariam o efeito positivo dessa prática para dentro dos municípios. O presente trabalho para da hipótese de que uma política pública de saneamento favorece uma agricultura multifuncional dentro da cidade. Essa tese é dividida em capítulos que constituem artigos. O primeiro capítulo quantifica em área os quintais agroflorestais urbanos dentro da cidade, mostrando que 20% da cobertura arbórea urbana está contida em quintais agroflorestais. O segundo capítulo faz uma análise de dados referentes a classe social de mantenedores de quintais permeáveis nas residências, mostrando que aparentemente a classe média tem menor tendência a manter quintais permeáveis. O terceiro traz um diagnóstico das hortas urbanas de Piracicaba, e a tipificação dos agricultores, como subsídios para conversão para agricultura ecológica. O quarto capítulo faz uma análise de uma política pública ligada com hortas urbanas dentro de Piracicaba, mostrando seus pontos fortes e fragilidades, entre os pontos fortes se destacam o emprego de mão-de-obra, o efeito paisagístico, de limpeza, estética e saneamento e a produção de hortaliças frescas próximas do mercado consumidor reduzindo custo energético com transportes, e das fragilidades a presença de aplicação de defensivos agrícolas dentro da área urbana. Para contemplar a multifuncionalidade das hortas urbanas é importante a existência de políticas locais que contemples a diversidade de aspectos ecológicos econômicos e ambientais da agricultura e agrossilvicultura urbana.
With the modernization of agriculture, a consequence was the great rural exodus that occurred in Brazil and Latin America in the second half of the twentieth century. In this way the food began to travel greater distances, consequently increasing the prices, especially of the more perishable ones, like the vegetables. In this context, urban agriculture occupies empty urban spaces and produces fresh food close to consumer centers. The present work was carried out in the municipality of Piracicaba, where there is a great amount of urban gardens; also motivated the beginning of this work the existence of urban agroforestry yards and knowledge of the environmental benefits they bring to cities in general, based on the assumption that there are several environmental, social and economic benefits in urban agriculture and agroforestry. Thinking about the environmental issue, urban agroforestry yards may seem insignificant initially, by their own limited physical dimension; however, together they play a major environmental role, promoting infiltration of rainwater and improvements in the microclimate, as well as adding biodiversity to the urban ecosystem. Urban gardens have their environmental potential, however, the aesthetic, sanitary and food safety issues are more easily visualized, since they effectively increase the supply of fresh vegetables at affordable prices within cities, improving the population\'s nutrition. However, the issue of pesticides within the urban environment is a rather complex discussion, which must also be brought to the public policy level. The present work is based on the hypothesis that a public policy of sanitation favors a multifunctional agriculture within the city. This thesis is divided into chapters that constitute articles. The first chapter quantifies in the area the urban agroforestry quintals within the city, showing that 20% of the urban tree cover is contained in agroforestry yards. The second chapter analyzes data on the social class of permeable backyard keepers in households, showing that the middle class seems to be less likely to keep backyards permeable. The third brings a diagnosis of the urban gardens of Piracicaba, and the typification of the farmers, as subsidies for conversion to organic farming. The fourth chapter presents an analysis of a public policy linked to urban gardens in Piracicaba, showing its strengths and weaknesses, among the strengths are the employment of labor, the landscape effect, cleaning, aesthetics and sanitation and the production of fresh vegetables close to the consumer market, reducing energy costs with transport, and from the weaknesses the presence of agricultural pesticides in the urban area. In order to contemplate the multifunctionality of urban gardens, it is important to have local policies that contemplate the diversity of the ecological, economic and environmental aspects of urban agriculture and agroforestry.

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Ghimire, Surya P. "Urban Agriculture in the Urban Landscape: An Analysis of Successful Urban Agriculture in the U.S." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1217623946.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisors: D.J. Edelman PhD (Committee Chair), Jay Chatterjee (Committee Co-Chair), Samuel Sherrill (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 16, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Urban Planning; Community gardening. Includes bibliographical references.

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Soulard, Christophe-Toussaint. "Pratiques, politiques publiques et territoires : construire une géographie agricole des villes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016218.

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Construire une géographie agricole des villes résume le projet scientifique élaboré pour notre HDR. La géographie dont il est question porte sur le devenir des activités agricoles dans et autour des villes, sur les transformations des relations ville-agriculture, et sur l'insertion de l'agriculture dans les politiques de la ville durable. En effet, cultiver les milieux urbanisés est une caractéristique de l'agriculture contemporaine. Pays du Nord et pays du Sud sont concernés. Le phénomène de l'agriculture urbaine est mondial. Pratiques, politiques publiques et territoires sont trois concepts qui fondent notre regard géographique sur les transformations du secteur agricole et du métier d'agriculteur. La géographie que nous proposons porte sur la description fine des pratiques quotidiennes des agriculteurs dans leur travail et sur leur spatialisation. Elle s'intéresse aussi à l'analyse des dispositifs territoriaux qui agencent pratiques habitantes, espaces d'action et projets politiques en vue d'offrir une configuration organisationnelle propice au développement. Par cette confrontation entre pratiques et politiques publiques dans les territoires, notre approche géographique est tournée vers l'action, avec le double objectif de produire des connaissances scientifiques et d'élaborer des outils pour accompagner les acteurs du développement. Dans notre mémoire d'HDR, nous exposons nos résultats par domaine de recherche : l'environnement, le territoire et la ville. L'agriculteur et l'environnement constitue le propos de la première partie. C'est au moment de la thèse que nous avons forgé notre regard géographique sur les pratiques agricoles, en explorant le champ des recherches interdisciplinaires sur l'environnement. Nous avons bâti une " géographie des pratiques " fondée sur un double héritage épistémologique et disciplinaire : les recherches interdisciplinaires conduites " sur problème " et les approches géographiques de l'espace vécu, du territoire et du milieu. L'étude de la prise en compte par les agriculteurs des risques de pollution des eaux souterraines sert de fil conducteur à notre analyse. Nos résultats montrent que les territoires pertinents pour gérer l'environnement sont ceux qui agencent l'espace - pratique - de travail des agriculteurs et l'espace - politique - de la gestion de la qualité de l'eau. Les secteurs du milieu géographique collectivement identifiés, les réseaux de relations entre acteurs, les périmètres d'intervention des politiques, et les interdépendances territoriales induites par la circulation des eaux, composent l'agencement spatial requis pour gérer localement un problème d'environnement. L'implication des acteurs passe alors par une construction disputée de nouveaux territoires d'action, un processus qui fait aussi ressurgir le poids des rapports aux lieux des agriculteurs construits sur le temps long. L'agriculteur et le territoire fait l'objet de la seconde partie. La multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture sert de fil conducteur pour comprendre les relations entre acteurs dans des territoires ruraux de moins en moins agricoles. La place qu'y occupent les agriculteurs est interrogée tant par leurs pratiques territorialisées que par leur participation à la gouvernance locale. Des activités de prospective, de recherche-développement et de recherche-formation débouchent sur des productions méthodologiques et théoriques. Le schéma d'organisation territoriale de l'exploitation agricole et la chronique des dispositifs territoriaux sont deux outils issus de nos recherches : ils apportent une aide à l'analyse-diagnostic des pratiques agricoles et une réflexion sur les modes de gouvernance à l'œuvre dans les territoires ruraux. Mais ces travaux ouvrent aussi à une réflexion plus théorique sur les recherches en prise avec l'action. Les partenariats chercheurs-acteurs sont multiformes et instables, oscillant entre fiction et friction. Pris dans ce type de situation, le chercheur doit adopter une logique dispositive pour savoir ajuster son plan de recherche sans perdre sa double visée, scientifique et appliquée. L'agriculteur et la ville correspond au projet scientifique actuel, développé en troisième partie. Il s'agit d'aborder la ville par le biais de l'agriculture pour mieux comprendre les interactions entre ces deux univers. Pour bâtir cette nouvelle problématique, nous retraçons la généalogie des recherches sur l'agriculture urbaine dans différentes régions du monde. Trois filiations principales apparaissent : 1) les mouvements sociaux de réappropriation des espaces urbains abandonnés, via l'agriculture (jardins urbains), particulièrement développés en Amérique du Nord ; 2) la lutte contre la paupérisation urbaine et contre l'insécurité alimentaire des villes du Sud par des programmes de développement de l'agriculture urbaine ; 3) les conflits nés de l'aménagement du territoire entre l'Etat et la profession agricole, notamment en France. Notre hypothèse est qu'aujourd'hui la perspective du développement durable fait converger ces trois problématiques ville-agriculture. En effet, les programmes d'action qui promeuvent la ville durable combinent des objectifs de développement économique, de santé publique, de cohésion sociale, d'aménagement urbain et de préservation des ressources naturelles. Notre ambition scientifique est alors de dépasser la conception duale de la relation ville-agriculture encore très présente dans les recherches et dans les politiques publiques, en mettant l'accent sur les liens organiques et systémiques qui relient agriculture, ville et citadins. Nous proposons le concept de système agri-urbain pour conjuguer trois angles d'analyse constitutifs d'une géographie agricole des villes : 1) la relation entre l'activité agricole et l'environnement urbain ; 2) les interactions entre les différentes échelles d'analyse ; 3) les temporalités des relations ville-agriculture. Le projet ANR DAUME que nous coordonnons permet de déployer ce cadre d'analyse systémique en l'appliquant, dans un cadre collectif, à la durabilité des agricultures urbaines dans plusieurs villes de la Méditerranée. Le projet scientifique de l'UMR Innovation que nous dirigeons offre un cadre d'insertion scientifique de notre projet géographique dans une équipe interdisciplinaire qui étudie et accompagne les acteurs des innovations territoriales qui connectent ville et agriculture. En conclusion, nous ouvrons des perspectives de recherche pour renouveler les études agraires dans la société urbaine, autour des mobilités agricoles contemporaines, des transformations sur le temps long des relations ville-agriculture, et des nouvelles coopérations villes-campagnes qui pourraient se développer pour répondre aux enjeux de l'alimentation durable.

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Årevall, Agnieszka Janicka. "Urban Agriculture : Sustainability Multiplier." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2043.

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For some years now, the phenomena of urban agriculture have been present in the public discourse on cities and sustainability. It is often assumed that urban agriculture has the potential to contribute to an increased sustainability of the cities. However, many practical and theoretical obstacles might have to be overcome in order to realize this potential. One ambition of this thesis is to analyse urban agriculture as a “sustainability multiplier” – that is, as a practice that can positively affect a large number of dimensions of sustainability. Another ambition is to study how urban agriculture can contribute to lower the “ecological footprint” of our cities. Two concepts are essential in the discussion and have been given special attention in the thesis: “ecological footprint” and “sustainability”.

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Santana, Filho Laercio Souza. "A outra face da produção do espaço em Aracaju/SE : o desenvolvimento da agricultura urbana, seus impasses e contradições." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. http://ri.ufs.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/5625.

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Urban agriculture is characterized by multiple productive faces related to the agricultural sector. Therefore comprehend planting and picking grains, horticultural, medicinal plants and fruits, as well as the breeding of small and large animals that serve both for household consumption, for sale to retail establishments or directly into homes using so called "door to door. " Through the understanding of agricultural practices is possible to lists other analytical categories, which are present and are part of the concept of urban agriculture, which means that it is necessary to discuss the concept of countryside, city, rural, urban and agriculture as a point of departure for the analysis of sociospatial practices. Based on this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the expression of rural characteristic elements in the urban space of Aracaju, but specifically in the area of expansion and neighborhoods of Bugio, Jardim Centenario and Santos Dumont, taking into consideration the practice of agriculture urban and the presence of some elements of rural life, demystifying the rural-urban dichotomy. This study is based on a wide literature search, from works that discuss theoretical and conceptual issues for the treatment of rural and urban phenomena; on-site observation, through field work for collecting primary data, photographic documentation, application questionnaires and secondary data collection of EMURB, INCRA, IBGE and SEPLAN. The analysis of the practice of agriculture in Aracaju is allowed to resume the rural-urban discussion from the perspective of the enterity, not of the dichotomous ruralurban, as well as enables the knowing that the activity developed in these areas the city has many dynamic and coexist with other forms of production space. Thus, urban agriculture practiced in the city of Aracaju, can be understood from the materiality of production space, with its multiple faces and meanings.
A agricultura urbana é caracterizada pelas múltiplas faces produtivas ligadas ao setor agrícola. Assim abrange o plantar e o colher de cereais, hortículas, plantas medicinais e frutíferas, bem como a criação de animais de pequeno e grande porte que servem tanto para o consumo familiar, para a venda a estabelecimentos comerciais ou diretamente nas residências no sistema chamado porta em porta . Através do entendimento das práticas agrícolas é possível relacionar outras categorias analíticas, que estão presentes e fazem parte do conceito da agricultura urbana, o que significa que se faz necessário a discussão sobre o conceito de campo, cidade, rural, urbano e agricultura enquanto ponto de partida para a análise das práticas socioespaciais. Com base neste contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a manifestação de elementos característicos do rural no espaço urbano de Aracaju, mais especificamente na zona de expansão e nos bairros Bugio, Jardim Centenário e Santos Dumont, levando-se em consideração a prática da agricultura urbana e a presença de alguns elementos do modo de vida rural, desmistificando a dicotomia campo-cidade. O presente estudo fundamenta-se numa ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de obras que abordam questões teóricoconceituais para o tratamento dos fenômenos rurais e urbanos; na observação in loco, através de trabalhos de campo para levantamento de dados primários, documentação fotográfica, aplicação de questionários, coleta de dados secundárias oriundos da EMURB, INCRA, IBGE e SEPLAN. A análise da prática da atividade agrícola em Aracaju permite retomar a discussão campocidade a partir da perspectiva da totalidade e não da dicotômica rural-urbano, assim como possibilita o entendimento de que a atividade agrícola desenvolvida nessas áreas da cidade tem múltiplas dinâmicas e coexistem com outras formas de produção do espaço. Assim, a agricultura urbana praticada na cidade de Aracaju, pode ser entendida a partir da materialidade da produção do espaço, com suas múltiplas faces e significados.

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Leme, Marina Koketsu. "Agricultura urbana em Rio Claro (SP): produção e políticas públicas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/141.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4819.pdf: 7827407 bytes, checksum: cdbddf2de7d3c5f4eb0385533005254f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-15
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The importance of Urban Agriculture (UA) has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It emerges as an important survival strategy, especially for the poorest population who can consume and sell the food produced. It also has other advantages such as occupation of empty spaces, maintenance of green areas and the producers' increase of their self-esteem. But the practice also has certain barriers that require care, as the misuse of pesticides, the possibility of food contamination by water or land, theft of crops and other risks. The municipality of Rio Claro (SP), the object of the present study, is an example of a city that has several types of UA initiatives, however there is still no specific legislation directed to the sector. Thus, we sought to conduct an analysis of these urban gardens in the city considering the optical output and public policies. The field research included observations and interviews, using semistructured questionnaire applied to farmers responsible for the gardens. From the analysis of the results it's noted that the gardens in Rio Claro are still few, occupying a small area. Despite the difficulties, the UA provided, in general, an improvement in the respondents' quality of life. Moreover, the practice of UA has great potential for expansion and could be better exploited in the city. Thus some actions are required by the municipality to encourage urban agriculture in the city, extending its benefits and reducing its drawbacks.
A importância da Agricultura Urbana (AU) vem sendo cada vez mais reconhecida nos últimos anos. Ela surge como uma importante estratégia de sobrevivência, principalmente para a população mais pobre que pode consumir e vender o alimento produzido. Além disso, possui outras vantagens como ocupação de espaços ociosos, manutenção de áreas verdes e aumento da autoestima dos produtores. Entretanto, a prática também tem certos entraves que exigem cuidados, como o uso indevido de agrotóxicos, possibilidade de contaminação dos alimentos através da água ou do solo, roubo dos cultivos, entre outros riscos. O município de Rio Claro (SP), objeto de estudo deste trabalho possui diversas iniciativas de AU. Contudo ainda não existe legislação específica voltada ao setor. Desta forma, buscou-se a realização de uma análise de hortas urbanas presentes no município, considerando as óticas da produção e as políticas públicas. A pesquisa de campo contemplou observações e entrevistas, utilizando questionário semiestruturado aplicado aos agricultores responsáveis pelas hortas. A partir da análise dos resultados, nota-se que as hortas existentes em Rio Claro são ainda de reduzido número, ocupando uma pequena área do município. Apesar das dificuldades, a AU proporcionou, de maneira geral, uma melhora na qualidade de vida dos entrevistados. Além disso, a prática da AU tem grande potencial de expansão e poderia ser melhor explorada no município. Desta forma, são necessárias algumas ações por parte da prefeitura a fim de incentivar a agricultura urbana na cidade, ampliando seus benefícios e reduzindo suas desvantagens.

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Valente, Daniel Alexandre Ferreira. "Relação cidade/campo: um caminho para a complementaridade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15726.

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Durante séculos, o campo e a cidade mantiveram uma relação de dicotomia e de complementaridade que se desvaneceu com o progresso industrial e tecnológico, tendo os laços de complementaridade sido quebrados. O campo, em declínio populacional, esgotado em mão-de-obra e afetado económica e socialmente, comprometeu a sua capacidade de gerar alimento, suficiente e de qualidade, para a cidade. Esta, apesar dos seus problemas sociais e ambientais, vem procurando soluções no seu interior visando a melhoria da sua vida, não parando, contudo, de alargar os seus limites e de consumir solo agrícola. Assim, da tradicional leitura do espaço urbano/rural evoluímos para uma paisagem global: urbano e rural misturam-se criando ruturas que importam superar. Acreditamos que a agricultura urbana, nas diferentes formas de implementação, é um caminho para essa superação, permitindo construir a paisagem de modo a recuperar os processos elementares de produção, recreio e proteção e, com isso, a complementaridade perdida; ABSTRACT: For centuries, town and country maintained a relation of dichotomy and complementarity, but, because of industrial and technological progress, this dichotomy had faded way and the complementary links were broken. The country, with less population and fewer labour, affected in its economic and social structure, lost the ability to produce enough and highquality food for town that, besides its social and environmental problems, has been seeking for solutions inside itself to improve the quality of urban life, but never stopped to extend its limits and to consume agricultural soil. We evolved from the traditional approach of urban / rural into a global landscape: urban and rural get mixed, creating discontinuities needing to be overcome. We believe urban agriculture, in its different implementation forms, is a way to overcome them by allowing a landscape construction that will retrieve the elementary processes of production, recreation and protection and, therefore, the lost complementarity

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38

Banzo, Mayté. "L'espace ouvert pour une nouvelle urbanité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618968.

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L'" espace ouvert " est un terme utilisé dans le domaine de l'aménagement pour qualifier l'ensemble des espaces " non bâtis " offrant des paysages à caractère rural et naturel dans les vastes aires urbanisées de la ville contemporaine. L'usage de ce terme, pourtant délaissé en Amérique du nord, tend à s'affirmer en Europe. Cette affirmation relève à la fois de la difficulté à identifier la grande diversité des espaces non bâtis, mais également de l'inadaptation des termes fréquemment utilisés pour les caractériser. En effet, les concepts de paysage, campagne, nature continuent d'affirmer l'existence d'espaces ou de mondes du savoir distincts de ceux de l'urbain. La multiplication des oxymores (ville-nature, ville-campagne, ville-paysage) traduit la réticence à accepter la réalité d'une urbanisation généralisée dans le rapport que les sociétés entretiennent avec tous les espaces, quelle que soit leur forme. Le présent volume interroge les raisons qui imposent de trouver un terme alternatif pour qualifier ces espaces et le processus qui participe à l'émergence de ce terme. Nous considérons que trois domaines nourrissent ce processus : la ville et la pensée urbanistique, la relation société/ville-nature, l'action publique territorialisée. L'espace ouvert existe par et pour la ville/urbain. Il naît des formes qu'induisent les relations ville-campagne et du regard que porte la ville, et ceux qui la font, sur les espaces non bâtis (partie 1). L'évolution du rapport de la société à la nature dans un monde qui trouve ses limites impose de repenser la relation de la nature et de la ville qui, longtemps opposées, doivent désormais s'associer. La planification stratégique spatialisée participe à cette nouvelle relation et à la mise en visibilité de l'espace ouvert (partie 2). Cette visibilité se concrétise dans l'action publique territorialisée qui révèle l'espace ouvert comme bien commun et participe à sa territorialisation par le biais de projets territoriaux suscitant un renouvellement des pratiques de l'aménagement urbain (partie 3). Face à la grande diversité des situations et des processus liés aux espaces non bâtis proches, voire éloignés de la ville, l'espace ouvert est un mot-valise utile car assez flou pour intégrer cette diversité sans chercher à la qualifier de prime abord. Il constitue ainsi un outil très utile pour comprendre la manière qu'ont les acteurs territorialisés de concevoir et de s'approprier ces espaces. Il permet d'observer les dynamiques à l'œuvre dans les périphéries urbaines et les formes d'urbanité émergente dans lesquelles semble s'affirmer la place des espaces non bâtis et les pratiques de " nature ". C'est l'hypothèse que défend ce travail.

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39

Petra, Mariana Melo Gouveia. "Plantar a cidade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12048.

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.
A vivência da cidade tem vindo a sofrer alterações, especialmente desde as décadas de 60 e 70, altura em que os fenómenos migratórios para os grandes centros urbanos provocaram o crescimento explosivo de uma periferia dispersa em torno das cidades. Esta conjuntura revelou-se propícia ao desenvolvimento da cidade informal que, desprezando a estrutura de crescimento da cidade, originou um processo de urbanização marginal nas periferias e o consequente crescimento da construção clandestina. É neste contexto que surgem as Áreas Urbanas de Génese Ilegal (AUGI). A par da atual preocupação no sentido de reabilitar estas áreas, o presente trabalho incide sobre o bairro do Casal Novo, em Odivelas, com o objetivo de aferir metodologias que visem a requalificação e revitalização deste núcleo através da criação de uma estrutura urbana capaz de dinamizar relações. A atual situação do bairro revela a carência de espaços públicos qualificados, bem como de equipamentos públicos potenciadores de coesão social. Nesse sentido, o equipamento coletivo proposto, alia atividades de lazer – agricultura urbana – a uma centralidade
ABSTRACT: The experience of the city has been undergoing some changes, especially since the 60's and 70's, when the migratory phenomena for large urban centers caused the explosive growth of scattered suburbs around cities. This situation proved to be conducive to the development of the informal city, which, ignoring the city's growth structure, originated a process of marginal urbanization in the peripheries and the consequent growth of illegal construction. It is in this context that the Urban Areas of Illegal Origin arise. Alongside the current concern to rehabilitate these areas, this thesis focuses on Bairro do Casal Novo, in Odivelas, with the purpose to assess methodologies that aim the rehabilitation and revitalization of this neighborhood by creating an urban structure capable of facilitating relationships. The current situation of the neighborhood reveals the lack of qualified public spaces, as well as public equipment enhancing social cohesion. In this sense, the proposed equipment, combines leisure activities - urban agriculture – with an identifiable centrality endowed of uses and functions necessary to the neighborhood - the market. Topics such as sustainability, education, economic and social cohesion are addressed, to provide these equipment with features adapted to the needs of today's society.

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Lovo, Ivana Cristina. "Agricultura urbana." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95958.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências Humanas, Florianópolis, 2011
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O Programa Global Cities Farming for the Future (CFF) (Cidades Cult ivando para o Futuro) teve como estratégia metodológica o Processo Mult iatoral de Planejamento Estratégico para Ação e Desenvolvimento de Polít icas em Agricultura Urbana - PMPEA, que buscou estimular processos locais participat ivos para a identif icação, planejamento e implementação de polít icas e ações estratégicas de agricultura urbana. A análise feita nesta tese focou esse Programa em Belo Horizonte e partiu da hipótese de que o PMPEA inaugurou uma polít ica de gestão participat iva possibilitando um papel at ivo e inovador dos atores da sociedade civil na sua relação com o poder público, e vice-versa. Para tanto, objetivou-se identif icar e caracterizar os atores envolvidos, identificar e analisar suas diferentes estratégias e relações, as relações de poder, os conflitos, o papel dos atores enquanto agentes, e as respectivas arenas com as relações de interface entre eles. Com isso, buscou-se entender as relações de redistribuição de poder e socialização de informações e conhecimentos como sinais de inovações em relação às práticas democráticas. O fundamento teórico para a análise foi a abordagem elaborada por Norman Long, que propõe um enfoque centrado no ator e nas relações de interface entre esses atores para analisar projetos de intervenção. Essa abordagem antropológica se somou à abordagem sociológica e histórica, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, que possibilitou entender a crítica sobre as formas de promover a participação e como foi se construindo o diálogo entre Estado e sociedade na implementação de projetos e programas sociais no Bras il. Para tanto, foram analisados documentos referentes ao Programa em Belo Horizonte, junto com a observação participante e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores envolvidos com o Programa. Conclui-se que o principal potencial do PMPEA está na sua orientação de implementar junto, fomentando o envolvimento de atores da sociedade civil e do poder público. Assim, identif ica-se, como principal resultado para Belo Horizonte, a reaproximação desses atores em um exercício de cogestão na implementação do Programa e na manutenção de um nível de ação colet iva após o seu encerramento, baseada na elaboração do Plano de Ação de Agricultura Urbana para Belo Horizonte. Houve a sensibilização de novos atores para o tema da agricultura urbana, e destacam-se aqueles relacionados às políticas urbanas e aos movimentos de luta por moradia. Os processos participat ivos tiveram interferência direta dos atores com papel de mediadores do processo. A direção do processo foi consequência dos conflitos de interesses que foram negociados e produziram consensos na medida da necessidade de cada ator em gerar espaço para que seus projetos fossem viabilizados. Ficou evidente o poder dos técnicos enquanto representantes das instituições mediadoras e, assim, o PMPEA foi uma metodologia que intermediou relação de poder entre técnicos. A relevância desta tese está em contribuir com o entendimento sobre de quem é a realidade que conta em programas de intervenção local e sobre as potencialidades e limites para estreitar as relações entre poder público e sociedade civil em uma experiênc ia de coparticipação na elaboração e implementação de políticas.
The Global program Cities Farming for the Future (CFF) has had as a methodology strategy the Mult i-stakeholder Policy formulat ion and Action Planning on urban agriculture (MPAP) that has searched for stimulat ing local participative process to identifying, planning, and implementing the politics and strategies actions of urban agriculture. The study developed in this thesis has focused on the program that takes place in the city of Belo Horizonte and its original idea was from the hypothesis of that MPAP, by the creation of a politic for participat ive decision making that has made possible for the civil society actors to develop an active and innovator role in the relat ionship with the public administration. For all that, there was a prior objective to identify and discriminate those actors, as well as theirs strategies and relat ions, the power relations, the conflicts, the role of those actors while being agents, and the respective arenas with the interconnection among them. With all that, I have sought for understanding the relationships in the situation of dividing the power and socializing information and knowledge as signals of innovat ions towards the democratic practices. The theory basis to the analysis has considered the idea showed by Norman Long, who suggests an approach focused on the actor and on the relat ions of interconnection among them to analyze intervention projects. This anthropologic approach has joined the sociologic and historic approaches in an interdisciplinary perspective, and it has made possible to understand the critics about the ways to promote the participat ion, and also how the dialogue between the State and the Society has been built in the implementat ion of social projects in Brazil. To get into that, documents related to the Program in Belo Horizonte have been evaluated with the observat ion and the accomplishment of interviews organized with actors that have been involved into the Program. As a result, I believe that the great potential of MPAP is on its orientat ion of implementing and increasing the relat ionship between the actors of the civil society and the public administration. Therefore, it is identified as the main result for the city of Belo Horizonte, the junction of those actors in an exercise of managing together the implementation of the Program and also the maintenance of an action level in a cooperative way even after its end. And all that action is based on the creation of the Action Plan for Urban Agriculture in Belo Horizonte. There was a moving of new actors toward the theme of Urban Agriculture, and I want to emphasize those related to the urban polit ics and the activit ies of f ighting for housing. The actors have interfered directly in the participat ive processes playing an important role of mediat ing the process. The direction that the process took was a consequence of interests. conflicts that were negotiated and cameto a consensus considering the need of each actor in generating space for their projects to become possible. The power of the technicians while representing the intermediary inst itutions has been evident, and therefore, the MPAP has also been a methodology that has conciliated the power relations among the technicians. The relevance of this thesis is on increasing the understanding about whose is the reality considered in the local intervention programs and also about the potentialit ies and limits to narrow the relations between public administration and civil society in a mutual experience for the creation and implementation of politics.

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Van, der Merwe Louise. "Urban agriculture : food for thought." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53706.

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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An ever changing urban environment, limited economic opportunities and rising poverty, have brought into sharp relief the need for strategies that support the livelihoods of the poor. Urban areas are complex and dynamic systems. No town or city is immune from either external forces (globalisation) that dictate the need to adapt, or to internal pressures (the natural growth pattern of an urban population and rural-urban migration) that collectively can precipitate growth or decline. The formal sector cannot, in most instances, fulfil the need for secure, regular employment in the urban areas, which leads to increases in unemployment, gradual breakdown of basic services - visual evidence includes large squatter settlements in and around urban centres - and the not unlikely increase in food insecurity. There is no doubt that the future of urban centres is dependent on the effective absorption of the increasing number of urban dwellers into its environmental, economical and social structures, and public policy plays an important role in the success of this process. The important contribution of urban agriculture in bolstering food security of urban households raises critical planning issues. The spatial integration of our settlements is critical; it holds the potential to enhance economic efficiency and social development. Spatial strategies should be combined with economic and environmental programmes to form an integrated approach towards development. Urban agriculture could possibly catalyse broader developmental processes such as local economic development, whereby disadvantaged communities could potentially secure the benefits of employment and increase food security. The provision of opportunities for urban agriculture not only makes it possible to meet the food needs of the urban poor, but to also ensure sustainable human settlements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die lig van 'n dinamiese stedelike omgewing, beperkte ekonomiese geleenthede en toenemende armoede, beklemtoon die nood aan strategieë wat die arm stedelike gemeenskap bevoordeel. Stedelike gebiede is ingewikkelde en dinamiese sisteme. Geen dorp of stad is vrygeskeld van eksterne invloede (globalisasie), óf van interne invloede (die natuurlike groeipatroon in 'n stedelike gebied en migrasie van platteland na stede) wat kollektief groei of verval van stede kan aanhits. Die formele sektor kan in die meeste gevalle nie aan die behoefte van vaste werksaanstelling in stedelike gebiede voldoen nie. Dit lei tot 'n toename in werkloosheid en die geleidelike afbreek in fundamentele basiese dienste - ooglopende bewys hiervan sluit die groot plakkerskampe in en om stedelike sentrums - en die nie onwaarskynlike toename in voedseltekorte. Daar is geen twyfel dat die toekoms van stedelike sentrums afhanklik is van die absorpsie van toenemende stedelinge in hul omgewings-, ekonomiese- en sosiale strukture, en openbare beleid speel 'n kardinale rol in die suksesvolle verloop van hierdie proses. Die belang van die bydrae van stedelike landbou tot die rugsteuning van versekering van voedselsekuriteit in stedelike huishoudings kompliseer beplanning geweldig. Die ruimtelike integtrasie van ons nedersettings is belangrik; dit het die potensiaal om ekonomiese vaardigheid en sosiale ontwikkeling te verbeter. Strategieë om ruimte te optimaliseer behoort gekombineer te word met ekonomiese- en omgewingsprogramme, om sodoende geïntigreerde benaderings tot ontwikkeling te vorm. Stedelike landbou kan moontlik n katalisator vir verreikende ontwikkelingsprosesse soos plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling wees, waar minder-bevoorregte gemeenskappe werksversekering en -geleenthede het en daar ook voedsel-sekuriteit is. Die voorsiening van geleenthede vir stedelike landbou maak dit nie net moontlik om die behoefte aan voedsel van minder-bevoorregte stedelinge te bevredig nie, maar verseker ook langdurige, volhoubare stedelike nedersettings.

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Böber, Elisabeth. "Seeds of Change : Urban Agriculture." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5837.

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Nowadays more than half of the world´s population lives in cities. Urbanization is viewed as the primary cause of many problems, but also as the primary stage for more sustainable development in the 21st century. But the increasing and ongoing urbanization changes the economic, social, environmental and political setup of cities and can have several negative impacts related to economic and social inequities and environmental damage. At the same time the global sustainability challenges intensifies. Especially cities need to become more sustainable; they need to abolish their dependence on the unsustainable management of resources like water, energy and food.

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Weaver, Eric R. R. "Sustainable Development Through Urban Agriculture." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6636.

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This document includes three completed publications to represent Urban Agriculture as a ideal solution to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The first publication (Weaver, 2017a) provided in Chapter Two examines the stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) modelling parameters for the current EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) as the first step to developing Urban Agriculture BMPs. The second publication (Weaver, 2015) provided in Chapter Three highlights how many high-rated scholars have identified agriculture as a critical driver for the planetary systems impacts we find with community development. The third publication (Weaver, 2017b) provided in Chapter Four breaks down a completely new definition for Urban Agriculture, as the foundational works disagree on meaning, resulting in an ambiguous definition. Together, these publications encourage engineers to model Sustainable Development options with green infrastructure (Weaver, 2017a), distinct from the Planetary Systems impacts of other contemporary options (Weaver, 2015), with a greater understanding of the social capital to engage stakeholders in meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals (Weaver, 2017b).

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Hamilton, Cassandra Lee. "Urban agriculture policy community Kelowna." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61778.

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This research is a qualitative descriptive case study about the urban agriculture policy community in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. I use Sabatier’s Advocacy Coalition Framework to structure the research and examine the policy actors within the policy community, their beliefs about urban agriculture in Kelowna, the relationships they share with other policy actors, the challenges they face, and their priorities in advancing the urban agriculture agenda to align with their vision of a healthy community. This research is informed by population health and food security theory, and the World Health Organization Healthy Cities movement. This research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 11 policy actors in the policy community, representing a variety of sectors in the food system. This study reveals that overall, the policy actors interviewed understood urban agriculture in much the same way. In their own language, they all pointed to the importance of urban agriculture with respect to its contribution to fostering a healthy community. The actors could articulate their roles as they relate to urban agriculture policy, but many actors recognized that their roles were evolving and with that, their understanding of their roles in the policy community. This contributed to their understanding of the roles of other policy actors in the community and if, why, and how to partner with them. Some challenges with partnerships are identified. The participants shared many priorities. The results suggest that the policy community is not well networked and that most actors do not collaborate with each other, and in most cases, are not aware of one another. However, collaborations between a few of the policy actors has suggested the modest formation of a policy coalition. The policy actors have a clear desire to work together and to better understand the policy community. Additionally, the policy actors agree that urban agriculture is beneficial for Kelowna and that more opportunities for urban agriculture must be pursued and promoted to foster a healthier community. This research provides a snapshot of Kelowna’s urban agriculture policy community and provides insight into potential priorities and possible next steps for the policy actors within it.
Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Graduate

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Silva, Alessandra Rocha. "Agricultura urbana voltada para a produção de hortaliças comerciais: um estudo na cidade de Jataí - GO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7719.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This research includes the study of the Urban Agriculture theme for the production of commercial vegetables in the city of Jataí, located in the Southwest of the State of Goiás. The objective of this study is to identify the profile of urban farmers and to spatialize production areas in City. For this understanding, the research was developed through the following activities: bibliographical surveys, application of semi structured interviews with the farmers of the urban perimeter and field work, in order to verify the operation of this practice in the city. Based on the data collected, it was possible to find rural characteristics in the city of Jataí, which may be a reflection of the peasant who was expelled from the countryside and "took refuge" in the city, bringing with him characteristic customs of the rural area, urban space. In view of the paths traced by the research, it was identified that the profile of the urban farmer of Jataí is within the hypothesis of the work, since, through interviews and data collected, it was possible to verify that the same or, for the most part, are migrants from the rural environment and from other regions. Thus, they came to the city of Jataí in search of work, however, as in most cases such individuals do not have qualification, they aligned themselves with the activities that fit them, in this case urban agriculture. It was also verified that the greatest time of exercise of the activity is 19 years. It was also possible to verify two profiles of farmers, the first one with commercial purposes and who see in urban agriculture a lucrative business opportunity and the second presents an age group that stands out to 60 years or more, which reported the experiences of life in the middle rural and practice time of the activity in the city of Jataí, which reinforces the hypothesis of the research.
A pesquisa que se apresenta compreende o estudo da temática Agricultura Urbana voltada para a produção de hortaliças comerciais na cidade de Jataí, localizada no Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás. O estudo inclui como objetivo identificar o perfil dos agricultores urbanos e espacializar as áreas de produção na cidade. Para tal compreensão, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida mediante as seguintes atividades: levantamentos bibliográficos, aplicação de entrevistas semi estruturadas com os agricultores do perímetro urbano e trabalho de campo, a fim de verificar o funcionamento desta prática na referida cidade. Pelos dados coletados verificou-se que é possível encontrar na cidade de Jataí características rurais dentro do urbano, o que pode ser reflexo do camponês que foi expulso do campo e se “refug ou” na cidade, trazendo consigo costumes característicos do espaço rural, compondo a configuração do espaço urbano. Diante dos caminhos traçados pela pesquisa, identificou-se que o perfil do agricultor urbano de Jataí está dentro da hipótese do trabalho, uma vez que, por meio das entrevistas e dados coletados, foi possível verificar que os mesmos ou, a sua maior parte, são migrantes do ambiente rural e de outras regiões. Assim, vieram para a cidade de Jataí em busca de trabalho, porém, como na maioria os casos tais indivíduos não possuem qualificação, se alinharam às atividades que lhe cabiam, no caso a agricultura urbana. Constatou-se também que o maior tempo de exercício da atividade é de 19 anos. Também foi possível verificar dois perfis de agricultores, sendo o primeiro com finalidades comerciais e que vêem na agricultura urbana uma oportunidade de negócios lucrativos e o segundo apresenta faixa etária que se sobressai a 60 anos ou mais, os quais relataram as experiências de vida no meio rural e tempo de prática da atividade na cidade de Jataí, o que reforça a hipótese da pesquisa.

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Mann, David R. "Urban agriculture a response to urban food deserts /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1250617494.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisor: Frank Russell. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Dec. 15, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: urban agriculture; food systems; food deserts. Includes bibliographical references.

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Mann, David. "Urban Agriculture: A Response to Urban Food Deserts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250617494.

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Ccorahua, balboa Flor. "Le processus de désagricolisation dans des espaces soumis à fortes pressions urbaines et hydriques. Le cas de la commune de Saragosse, en Espagne." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU1073.

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Face à la vision dominante de la ville, le processus de désagricolisation, défini comme le processus de disparition des espaces agricoles, était considéré comme une conséquence immuable de l'expansion de la ville. Peu d'études ont révélé un intérêt pour ce phénomène, et plus encore, pour la recherche de ses causes dans le secteur affecté : le secteur agricole. À l'ère du développement durable, l'intérêt pour la conservation des zones agricoles proches de la ville se reflète dans leur valeur environnementale, à la fois par le désir d'intégrer la nature dans la ville et par le besoin d’une alimentation de qualité. Bien que le changement de perspective ait théoriquement profité à l'agriculture, les espaces agricoles restent encore vulnérables face à la présence de la ville, principalement dans les villes très peuplées, comme dans le cas de Saragosse en Espagne. Bien que la pression urbaine fut autrefois considérée comme l’un des aspects dominants de la disparition des zones agricoles, la pression hydrique et les facteurs agricoles apparaissent désormais comme des aspects importants à analyser dans l’idée de conservation des espaces agricoles situés à proximité de la ville. Dans notre étude du processus de désagricolisation, l’approche rurale a été privilégiée afin de connaître et de comprendre, depuis le monde agricole, les facteurs qui ont contribué à la disparition de ces zones. Autrement dit, quels facteurs endogènes contribuent à la disparition d’espaces agricoles dans la ville de Saragosse ? Pour cela, l’étude a été réalisée en deux temps. Premièrement, l’analyse des zones agricoles de la ville de Saragosse, puis l’étude de deux zones agricoles vulnérables proches du tissu résidentiel : les zones agricoles du Huerva et de Las Fuentes
Faced with the dominant vision of the city, the process of de-gricolization, defined as the process of disappearance of agricultural spaces, was considered an immutable consequence of the expansion of the city. Few studies have shown interest in this phenomenon, and even more so in the investigation of its causes in the affected sector: the agricultural sector. In the era of sustainable development, the interest in the conservation of agricultural areas close to the city is reflected in their environmental value, both by the desire to integrate nature into the city and by the need for quality food. Although the change of perspective has theoretically benefited agriculture, agricultural areas are still vulnerable to the city’s presence, mainly in heavily populated cities, as in the case of Zaragoza in Spain. Although urban pressure was once considered to be one of the dominant aspects of the disappearance of agricultural areas, water pressure and agricultural factors now appear as important aspects to be analysed in the idea of conservation of agricultural areas located near the city. In our study of the process of desegregation, the rural approach was favoured in order to know and understand, from the agricultural world, the factors that contributed to the disappearance of these areas. In other words, what endogenous factors contribute to the disappearance of agricultural areas in the city of Zaragoza? For this purpose, the study was carried out in two stages. First, the analysis of the agricultural areas of the city of Zaragoza, and then the study of two vulnerable agricultural areas close to the residential fabric: the agricultural areas of Huerva and Las Fuentes
Frente a la visión dominante de la ciudad, el proceso de desagricolización, definido como proceso de desaparición de los espacios agrícolas, era considerado como una consecuencia inmutable de la expansión de la ciudad. Pocos estudios revelaban un interés en dicho fenómeno, y más aún, en la búsqueda de sus causas desde el sector afectado: lo agrícola. A partir de la era del desarrollo sostenible, el interés por la conservación de las zonas agrícolas a proximidad de la ciudad se refleja por su valor ambiental, tanto por el deseo de integrar la naturaleza en la ciudad, como por la necesidad de tener una alimentación de calidad a partir de la producción local. Aunque el cambio de perspectiva beneficiaba teóricamente a la agricultura, los espacios agrícolas a proximidad de la ciudad seguían siendo vulnerables frente a la presencia de la ciudad, principalmente en las ciudades fuertemente pobladas, como en el caso de la ciudad de Zaragoza. Si bien la presión urbana era considerada antiguamente como un aspecto dominante en la desaparición de las zonas agrícolas, la presión hídrica y los factores propios a la agricultura se revelaban ahora como aspectos importantes en la idea de conservación de los espacios agrícolas a proximidad de la ciudad. En nuestro estudio del proceso de desagricolización, el enfoque rural ha sido privilegiado con el fin de conocer y comprender, desde mundo agrícola, los factores que participaban en la desaparición de dichas zonas. Es decir, ¿qué factores endógenos contribuyen a la desaparición de los espacios agrícolas de la ciudad de Zaragoza? Para ello, el estudio se ha realizado en dos tiempos. Primeramente, el análisis de las zonas agrícolas de la ciudad de Zaragoza, y posteriormente, el estudio de dos zonas agrícolas vulnerables próximas al tejido residencial: las zonas agrícolas del Huerva y de Las Fuentes

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Aderghal, Mohamed. "Le massif d'Oulmès et ses bordures : évolution agraire et organisation de l'espace dans le pays Zaïan Zemmour (Maroc du Nord-Ouest)." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30027.

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Le massif d'oulmes et ses bordures ont constitue depuis toujours une region pastorale au coeur du maroc atlantique. Les transformations survenues durant les decennies du vingtieme siecle ont ete a l'origine d'importantes mutations socio-spatiales. L'amenuisement de l'espace productif d'un cote et l'essor demographique de l'autre ont eu pour resultat la naissance d'un desequilibre population-ressources. Un desequilibre accentue par les inegalites sociales dues a l'extension de la propriete privee et au detournement des principales ressources sylvo-pastorales par une minorite d'eleveurs. Aussi, les principes communautaires qui permettaient a l'individu une integration facile dans la vie collective se sont-ils desagreges. Nombreux exploitants ont trouve dans l'emigration ou la pluriactivite un moyen pour s'en sortir, mais le nouvel equilibre a ete vite rompu. Actuellement la region n'offre plus les memes possibilites d'emploi non agricole qu'autrefois, et les villes ne sont plus en mesure de resorber la misere des campagnes. Le soutien apporte par les pouvoirs publics dans le cadre du projet de developpement integre oulmes-rommani est une tentative pour depasser la crise que connait le systeme agro-pastoral, mais les perspectives demeurent, malgre tout, incertaines pour la majorite des paysans
The oulmes mountain and its fringe have always been a pastoral region in the middle of the atlantic morocco. The social-economic transformations which happened during the xxth century were the beginning of important changes. Anbalance between population and ressources is the result of the shrinking of the productive space on one side, and demographic growth on the other. This unbalance is stressed by a social disparity due to the extention of private property and a misappropriation of the main sylvo-pastoral ressources by a stock-breeders minority. Therefore, communal principals which allowed an easy integration in collective life were broken up. Many cultivators found a solution with immigration or multi-activity. But this new balance were soon broken. Today, the region does not offer same opprotunities of non agricultural jobs any more, and towns are unable to absorb campaign misery. The administration support, with the project of the integrated development of the oulmes rommani area is a way to overstop the crisis of the agro-pastoral system. But prospective are doubtful for a majority of peasants

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50

Thielen, Sharon Leanne. "Factors influencing urban students to major in agriculture." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15044.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Curriculum and Instruction
Steven Harbstriet
Colleges of agriculture across the country are challenged to produce more graduates in order to meet the increase in employment opportunities in the areas of agriculture, food, and renewable natural resources. To attract students from areas with the most growth, urban communities, this study identified factors such as exposures to agriculture, college factors, and career aspirations that influenced urban students to major in agriculture and enroll in the College of Agriculture at Kansas State University (KSU). The accessible sample consisted of 125 students currently majoring in the College of Agriculture (agriculture students) and 18 students no longer majoring in the College of Agriculture (non-agriculture students) who completed the online questionnaire. Students from both groups were predominately female, non-minority students from the state of Kansas who entered KSU as incoming freshmen. The majors most represented were animal sciences and industry, pre-veterinary medicine, and food science and industry. The mean ACT score for agriculture students was 26.23 and 24.81 for non-agriculture students. For both groups of students, having a relative who worked in a field related to agriculture (grandparents, parent/guardian, aunt and uncle) was influential when they chose their academic major. A higher percentage of agriculture students had a relative who worked in a field related to agriculture or in production agriculture, compared to non-agriculture students. Career opportunities for graduates, hands-on-learning opportunities, friendly atmosphere in the College of Agriculture, visit to campus, quality and reputation of college faculty, availability of academic programs, and affordability of KSU were college factors most influential among the sample of students. Least influential factors were interaction with alumni, agriculture related camps and competitive events on campus, and ability to take online courses. Agriculture students were more influenced by career aspirations specific to career interests, such as working with people and animals, being able to use their creativity, or work with their hands. Non-agriculture students were influenced by broader career aspirations, such as having a job they enjoyed or being able to advance in their career.

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