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Статті в журналах з теми "Uplands Archaeology"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Tankersley, Kenneth B., John D. Holland, and Royce L. Kilmer. "Geoarchaeology of the Kilmer Site: A Paleoindian Habitation in the Appalachian Uplands." North American Archaeologist 17, no. 2 (October 1996): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/rh8g-7fr5-u7wu-qrq3.

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Kilmer is a multicomponent Paleoindian site located in the Appalachian Uplands of New York State. It is situated on high and low late Pleistocene outwash terraces (T2 and T1). In mountainous areas, these landforms are susceptible to weathering and erosional processes. The paucity of sites in the Appalachian Uplands is likely the result of geologically active landscapes. The occurrence of Paleoindian sites in the mountainous terrain of eastern North America suggests economic diversification, a cultural response to unpredictable food resources near the end of the Pleistocene.

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2

Gremillion, Kristen J., Jason Windingstad, and Sarah C. Sherwood. "Forest Opening, Habitat Use, and Food Production on the Cumberland Plateau, Kentucky: Adaptive Flexibility in Marginal Settings." American Antiquity 73, no. 3 (July 2008): 387–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600046795.

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In the rugged uplands of eastern Kentucky, archaeological evidence of pre-maize plant cultivation is largely absent from stream bottom locations, being concentrated instead within upland rockshelters. Some researchers have hypothesized that the apparent failure of early food producers to exploit rich bottomland soils was an economically sound response to the shortcomings of local stream valley habitats. Instead, seed crop farmers favored hillsides and ridgetops, which were less costly to clear and maintain under cultivation than narrow and densely vegetated stream bottoms. We analyze the goodness of fit between hypothetical upland and lowland cultivation systems and new evidence for human interaction with plant communities and the agricultural potential of soils. Seed and wood assemblages indicate a temporal association between increased human interaction with lowland plant communities, higher levels of habitat disturbance, and greater reliance on cultivated plants. However, there is no convincing evidence that plant cultivation caused disturbance and exploitation of lowlands. Expansion of mesic and hydric habitats was in part a response to increased precipitation and frequency and severity of flooding. Floodplains became largely unsuitable for human habitation, contributing to more intensive exploitation of uplands. While ridgetops and steep slopes were both poor locations for cultivated plots, other upland soils on limestone benches also had good agricultural potential, as did the soils on lower colluvial slopes.

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3

Raber, Paul A. "Late Woodland Period Settlement Patterns in the Piedmont Uplands of Pennsylvania: The Evidence from 36CH161." North American Archaeologist 14, no. 3 (January 1994): 245–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/eh1w-1eeb-w9dp-k458.

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Investigations at 36Ch161, a site in the Piedmont Uplands of Chester County, Pennsylvania, have revealed a series of early Late Woodland Period camps associated with the Minguannan Complex. The use of local quartz seems to have been a primary focus of settlement at the site. Quartz, which formed an overwhelming majority of the assemblage, was used in ways that contrast strongly with that of non-local materials like jasper, a minority component of the assemblage obtained from quarries in the Hardyston Formation. The selection of raw materials suggests restrictions on access to certain materials perhaps imposed by territorial constraints. The combined evidence of artifact assemblage and cultural features indicates that 36Ch161 was inhabited seasonally by small, mobile groups of non-horticulturalists, a reconstruction consistent with that of Custer and others regarding the economy of the Minguannan Complex and related cultures of the Piedmont Uplands.

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4

Harmanşah, Ömür, Peri Johnson, Müge Durusu-Tanrıöver, and Ben Marsh. "The Archaeology of Hittite Landscapes." Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.10.1.0001.

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ABSTRACT This article layers material, physical, and textual landscapes of the Hittite Empire in a compact borderland region. We argue that a real strength of landscape archaeology is in understanding and articulating medium-scale landscapes through archaeological survey methods and critical study of physical geography. Medium-scale landscapes are a milieu of daily human experience, movement, and visuality that spawn a densely textured countryside involving settlements, sacred places, quarries, roads, transhumance routes, and water infrastructures. Using the data and the experience from eight field seasons by the Yalburt Yaylası Archaeological Landscape Research Project team since 2010, we offer accounts of three specific landscapes: the Ilgın Plain, the Bulasan River valley near the Hittite fortress of Kale Tepesi, and the pastoral uplands of Yalburt Yaylası. For each, we demonstrate different sets of relationships and landscape dynamics during the Late Bronze Age, with specific emphasis on movement, settlement, taskscapes, land use, and human experience.

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5

Myrdal, Eva. "Water Harvesting and Water Management: A Discussion of the Implications of Scale in Artificial Irrigation: the Sri Lankan Example." Current Swedish Archaeology 11, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 65–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2003.04.

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The pre-colonial, large-scale, irrigation systems of the dry zone of Sri Lanka have been used as examples of large-scale undertakings with given social consequences of centralisation and state control. A close reading of a given cultura! landscape and a focus on chronology give possibilities for an alternative approach, one in which artificial irrigation does not have an independent role. The starting point for the discussion is the archaeologically comparatively well-explored uplands of the capital city Sigiriya, which dates to the 5th century AD.

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6

Simmons, Alan Henri, Katelyn DiBenedetto, and Levi Keach. "Neolithic Kritou Marottou-Ais Giorkis, Cyprus—Living in the Uplands." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 379 (May 2018): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5615/bullamerschoorie.379.0171.

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7

Dao, Nga. "Political Responses to Dam-Induced Resettlement in Northern Uplands Vietnam." Journal of Agrarian Change 16, no. 2 (April 10, 2015): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12106.

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8

Górski, Jacek. "Small and Large Settlements of the Mierzanowice Culture in the Uplands of Western Małopolska Region." Slovenská archeológia LXVIII, Suppl. 1 (December 31, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/slovarch.2020.suppl.1.11.

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9

Costello, Eugene. "The Colonisation of Uplands in Medieval Britain and Ireland: Climate, Agriculture and Environmental Adaptation." Medieval Archaeology 65, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 151–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2020.1826123.

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10

Given, Michael. "Attending to Place and Time: Seasonality in Early Modern Scotland and Cyprus." European Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.5.

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Far from being a simple annual round determined by the calendar, seasonality in human societies is a complex system of interdependence between humans and non-humans. It requires close attentiveness to the variability of soils, weather, topography, plants, and animals across both time and space. In this article, the author investigates mobile systems of interdependence that take advantage of topographical and seasonal variation. He uses a range of case studies from early modern Scotland and Cyprus, focusing on summer grazing in the uplands and lowland agriculture carried out by mountain communities. After a comparative discussion of seasonality, the article examines the role of topography and movement, and then puts the ‘margins at the centre’ in order to highlight the central role played by seasonal activity and movement in rural society.

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11

Sikor, Thomas, and Pham Thi Tuong Vi. "The Dynamics of Commoditization in a Vietnamese Uplands Village, 1980-2000." Journal of Agrarian Change 5, no. 3 (July 2005): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2005.00106.x.

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12

Hall, R., and K. Lomax. "A regional landscape approach to the management of stone artefact sites in forested uplands in Eastern Australia." Australian Archaeology 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1996.11681570.

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13

Cruz Berrocal, María, María Sebastián López, Antonio Uriarte González, and Jose Antonio López-Sáez. "Landscape Construction and Long-Term Economic Practices: an Example from the Spanish Mediterranean Uplands Through Rock Art Archaeology." Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21, no. 3 (October 19, 2012): 589–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-012-9157-0.

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14

Efstratiou, Nikos. "The archaeology of the Greek uplands: the early iron age site of Tsouka in the Rhodope Mountains." Annual of the British School at Athens 88 (November 1993): 135–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015926.

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The upland areas of Greece have long been outside the main focus of archaeological interest. With regard to prehistoric research, mountains were never seen as potential habitation areas, and recovery techniques had to address unusual environmental and geomorphological situations. Research in the Rhodopi mountains initiated by Komotini Museum attempts to illustrate some aspects of this upland archaeology. This article presents the results of excavation at an early iron age site which appears to give an insight into the habitation behaviour of the Thracian mountain population at the end of the 2nd millennium BC. It is proposed for the first time that a number of the so-called Thracian places found scattered all over the Rhodopi mountains are not, as at first thought, fortified acropoleis but sites with special functions, serving an agricultural and pastoral economy. It is further suggested that ethnoarchaeological observations can serve as valuable explanatory hypotheses which can be tested against the available excavation data.

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15

Doerr, Stefan H. "Book Review: Environmental change in mountains and uplands." Holocene 11, no. 4 (May 2001): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968360101100417.

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16

Abbott, David R., Andrew D. Lack, and Mark R. Hackbarth. "Provenance and microprobe assays of phyllite-tempered ceramics from the uplands of central Arizona." Geoarchaeology 23, no. 2 (2008): 213–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20212.

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17

Cosgrove, Richard, Jim Allen, and Brendan Marshall. "Palaeo-ecology and Pleistocene human occupation in south central Tasmania." Antiquity 64, no. 242 (March 1990): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00077309.

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Evidence for the late-Pleistocene and early-Holocene settlement of Tasmania is now offered by a growing number of sites in a variety of landscapes; among the more remarkable finds are cave-sites with evidence for human settlement of periglacial uplands before 30,000 BP. Good faunal assemblages and environmental records allow the reconstruction of a subsistence system different in character from those modelled on a European Pleistocene prototype.

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18

Häggström, Leif, Joanna Baran, Alf Eriksson, and Andrew Murray. "The Dating and Interpretation of a Field Wall in Öggestorp." Current Swedish Archaeology 12, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2004.03.

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The interpretation of the use and contextual meaning of fossil agrarian forms is connected with their age. In this article we discuss the dating and interpretation of a field wall in Öggestorp, situated on the northern rim of the southern Swedish uplands in the province of Småland. Öggestorp is a complex archaeological site dating from the early Iron Age (500 BC to AD 550). The site was also used for various forms of agriculture during the Middle Ages and in early modern times, a fact which complicates the dating and the interpretation of the agrarian features. We discuss the possibility and practical issue of dating agrarian sediments by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). By combining OSL and other methods, a reliable estimation of age can be established. The paper also deals with the possible implications of the OSL-method in relation to the current state of knowledge of agrarian structures. We show that a serious dating of agricultural remains must be based upon a critically used combination ofmethods. Without a well-argued date, it is difficult to relate any agrarian form chronologically to other remains in a fossil landscape of multilayered complexity.

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19

Fyfe, R. M., A. G. Brown, and B. J. Coles. "Mesolithic to Bronze Age Vegetation Change and Human Activity in the Exe Valley, Devon, UK." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 69 (2003): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001298.

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This paper presents the results of the first investigation of vegetation change and human activity from a river valley west of the Somerset Levels. The record is contrasted with the pollen and archaeological record from south-west uplands (Dartmoor and Exmoor) and the Somerset Levels. Vegetation change and archaeological evidence are shown to be generally consistent, with evidence from the middle valley of Mesolithic vegetation disturbance (with nearby lithics), Neolithic clearance of terraces and slopes in the lower valley and Neolithic–Bronze Age ceremonial and domestic activity, but in the upper reach the maintenance of wooded valley floor conditions probably with management until historic times. The valley floor and surrounding slope vegetation history is found to be significantly different to that of the uplands with lime and elm being significant components of the prehistoric woodland record. The data suggest that lime is restricted to terraces and lowlands below 200 m OD throughout the prehistoric period. The pollen data from the valley suggest the lowlands had a rich and mixed ecology providing a wide range of resources and that, despite less visible archaeological remains, human activity is manifest through palynological evidence from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age. The largest expanse of valley-floor terrace, the Nether Exe Basin, which was at least partially deforested in the early Neolithic contains a rich assemblage of Neolithic–Bronze Age ceremonial, funerary and domestic archaeology associated with an early and clear palynological record of woodland clearance, arable and pastoral activity.

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20

Lordkipanidze, Otar D. "Recent Discoveries in the Field of Classical Archaeology in Georgia." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 1, no. 2 (August 31, 1995): 127–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/10.1163/157005794x00058.

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This article reviews the archaeological studies conducted in the 70s and 80s on the territory of modern Georgia (ancient Iberia and Colchis) for the period 8th-7th c B C to 4th c AD Archaeology has added considerably to our knowledge of the history and culture of ancient Colchis Systematic studies of the remains of ironworking show how the integration of mining in the uplands and metalfounding and agriculture in the coastal plain came to unite the area into a single economic (and then political) unit They also reveal the existence of mass production and an associated demographic boom in the 8th-7th c B C well before the period of Greek colonization in the area The Greeks arrived in an already densely settled coastal zone, long occupied and exploited by the local population Discoveries of large numbers of agricultural implements show the high level of intensive farming in the area Aerial surveys of the Rioni valley have revealed the structure of ancient Colchian settlements, with farms clustered around defended hegemon settlements and drained by complex canal systems Archaeological studies in Iberia (E Georgia) have focused on towns and conform the descriptions of ancient authors like Strabo of Iberian cities as developed urban centres with complex systems of defence works, their own farming territories and developed artisan manufacture ( e g studies at Htskheta, Ozalisa, the palace complex at Doghlauri and the cave city at Uplistsikhe)

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21

Nevell, Michael. "The Archaeology of Industrialisation and the Textile Industry: the Example of Manchester and the South-western Pennine Uplands During the 18th Century (Part 1)." Industrial Archaeology Review 30, no. 1 (May 2008): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581908x285110.

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22

Nevell, Michael. "The Archaeology of Industrialisation and the Textile Industry: The Example of Manchester and the South-western Pennine Uplands During the 18th Century (Part 2)." Industrial Archaeology Review 30, no. 2 (November 2008): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581908x347300.

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23

Sellato, Bernard. "Temiar Religion 1964-2012: Enchantment, Disenchantement and Re-enchantment in Malaysia’s Uplands, Geoffrey Benjamin." Archipel, no. 91 (May 15, 2016): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archipel.329.

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24

Stefanini, Bettina S., Pirita O. Oksanen, John P. Corcoran, and Fraser JG Mitchell. "Appraising the cohesion of palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in north-west Spain since the mid-Holocene from a high temporal resolution multi-proxy peat record." Holocene 28, no. 5 (December 7, 2017): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617744258.

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Investigation of abrupt palaeohydrological regime change remains challenging due to site-specific noise ratios and the limitations of dating control and spatial resolution of multi-proxy records. Some of these issues are addressed through a well dated and highly resolved record from an ombrotrophic peatland in Galicia, north-west Spain. The site is in an ideal location to record marine influences and test models of past palaeoclimatic boundaries and ocean-atmosphere linkages through multi-proxy records of macrofossils, microfossils, charcoal, peat humification and loss-on-ignition data. In conjunction with many regional proxy records of terrestrial and marine origin, the data suggest spatial coherence between 5300 and ca. 3300 cal. BP and continue to link to marine responses afterwards. After ca. 2000 cal. BP, episodes of spatially consistent palaeohydrological change persist but become more short-lived, local and sporadic in north-west Iberia. These indicate an increase in the complexity of drivers of palaeoenvironmental change in recent millennia. Fire history inferred from microscopic charcoal and apparent upland erosion indicated by the loss-on-ignition profile relate to anthropogenic pressure and appear to be linked to local deforestation phases in the Xistral uplands.

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25

Sevink, Jan, Corrie C. Bakels, Peter AJ Attema, Mauro A. Di Vito, and Ilenia Arienzo. "Holocene vegetation record of upland northern Calabria, Italy: Environmental change and human impact." Holocene 29, no. 4 (February 1, 2019): 633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618824695.

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Earlier studies on Holocene fills of upland lakes (Lago Forano and Fontana Manca) in northern Calabria, Italy, showed that these hold important palaeoecological archives, which however remained poorly dated. Their time frame is improved by new 14C dates on plant remains from new cores. Existing pollen data are reinterpreted, using this new time frame. Two early forest decline phases are distinguished. The earliest is linked to the 4.2 kyr BP climatic event, when climate became distinctly drier, other than at Lago Trifoglietti on the wetter Tyrrhenian side, where this event is less prominent. The second is attributed to human impacts and is linked to middle-Bronze Age mobile pastoralism. At Fontana Manca (c. 1000 m a.s.l.), it started around 1700 BC, in the higher uplands a few centuries later (Lago Forano, c. 1500 m a.s.l.). In the Fontana Manca fill, a thin tephra layer occurs, which appears to result from the AP2 event (Vesuvius, c. 1700 BC). A third, major degradation phase dates from the Roman period. Land use and its impacts, as inferred from the regional archaeological record for the Raganello catchment, are confronted with the impacts deduced from the palaeoarchives.

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26

Frederick, Charles D., Mark D. Bateman, and Robert Rogers. "Evidence for eolian deposition in the sandy uplands of East Texas and the implications for archaeological site integrity." Geoarchaeology 17, no. 2 (January 17, 2002): 191–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.10010.

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27

Stafford, C. Russell. "Structural Changes in Archaic Landscape Use in the Dissected Uplands of Southwestern Indiana." American Antiquity 59, no. 2 (April 1994): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281928.

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Structural changes in Archaic landscape use are examined using a large-scale survey data set from the dissected forested uplands of southwest Indiana. Spatial patterning of hafted bifaces, as indicated by proximity to streams of different order and distance from major rivers, was found to vary between the Early and Middle Archaic periods. Early Archaic settlement emphasized the upper reaches and divides of basins, but also included near-river locations, while Middle and later Archaic groups focused on locations near basin outlets and major rivers. These changes are argued to be a function of reduced residential mobility and a shift from a largely foraging to a collecting strategy. Increased travel and processing costs associated with a logistical strategy resulted in a deemphasis of more distant extravalley resource patches. Several explanations for this shift in strategies are explored, including possible increased spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the environment associated with postglacial climate and vegetation change.

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28

Kaiser, Knut, Petr Hrubý, Johann Friedrich Tolksdorf, Götz Alper, Christoph Herbig, Petr Kočár, Libor Petr, Lars Schulz, and Ingo Heinrich. "Cut and covered: Subfossil trees in buried soils reflect medieval forest composition and exploitation of the central European uplands." Geoarchaeology 35, no. 1 (July 27, 2019): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.21756.

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29

ABBOTT, DAVID R., ANDREW D. LACK, and GORDON MOORE. "CHEMICAL ASSAYS OF TEMPER AND CLAY: MODELLING POTTERY PRODUCTION AND EXCHANGE IN THE UPLANDS NORTH OF THE PHOENIX BASIN, ARIZONA, USA*." Archaeometry 50, no. 1 (December 6, 2007): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00354.x.

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30

Glauberman, Phil. "The Paleolithic archaeology of Shirak Province and the open-air site of Aghvorik." ARAMAZD: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies 15, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/ajnes.v15i1-2.1298.

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Shirak Province in the Republic of Armenia is very rich in Paleolithic sites. Since the first discovery of Paleolithic artifacts in the 1930s, chance finds and field investigations by numerous scholars and archaeological expeditions have brought to light several new localities and findspots, among which the open-air site complex at Aghvorik is currently the most prominent. The Paleolithic sites of Shirak are geomorphologically associated with the Ashotsk Plateau in the north, the Shirak Depression and northwestern slopes of Mt. Aragats in the south, and the Akhuryan River gorge in the west. These areas contain several sources of high-quality lithic raw materials, including dacite, obsidian, and flint. The geomorphic and topographic locations of Paleolithic sites relate to phases of Plio-Pleistocene volcanism, glaciations in high elevation uplands, and the lacustrine and alluvial dynamics that formed the paleorelief and paleoenvironment. Lithic artifact assemblages generally present techno-typological characteristics consistent with early and late phases of the Acheulian, as observed at Lower Paleolithic sites in the Armenian Highlands and Southern Caucasus. While currently fewer in number than Lower Paleolithic finds, Middle Paleolithic artifacts obtained from sites in Shirak tend to be better preserved and made mainly of obsidian, while some dacite artifacts have also been documented. Shirak is also rich in paleontological, or zooarchaeological sites that have yielded a range of Pleistocene macro- and micro-faunal remains. While the Paleolithic archaeological, biostratigraphic, and geological records of Shirak have not yet been subject to systematic documentation and synthesis, the area holds great potential for future research to enlarge and complement the database of Pleistocene human occupation and environment in the broader region.

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31

Whitlam, Jade, Amy Bogaard, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews, Yaghoub Mohammadifar, Hengameh Ilkhani, and Michael Charles. "Pre-agricultural plant management in the uplands of the central Zagros: the archaeobotanical evidence from Sheikh-e Abad." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 27, no. 6 (March 15, 2018): 817–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-018-0675-x.

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32

Long, Deborah J., F. M. Chambers, and John Barnatt. "The Palaeoenvironment and the Vegetation History of a Later Prehistoric Field System at Stoke Flat on the Gritstone Uplands of the Peak District." Journal of Archaeological Science 25, no. 6 (June 1998): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1997.0209.

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33

Foster, G. C., R. C. Chiverrell, A. M. Harvey, J. A. Dearing, and H. Dunsford. "Catchment hydro-geomorphological responses to environmental change in the Southern Uplands of Scotland." Holocene 18, no. 6 (September 2008): 935–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683608091799.

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34

Kadrow, Sławomir. "Iwanowice, Babia Góra site: spatial evolution of an Early Bronze Age Mierzanowice Culture settlement (2300–1600 BC)." Antiquity 65, no. 248 (September 1991): 640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080273.

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Between 1967 and 1979 the Institute of History of Material Culture of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the State University of New York at Buffalo carried out a joint programme of archaeological field research on Neolithic and early Bronze Age (EBA) sites in southeastern Poland. As part of this programme in 1967-9 and 1971-3 Professor Jan Machnik conducted archaeological investigations at Iwanowice on a wedge-shaped elevation known as Babia Góra (50 12 14 E, 19 58 30 W, FIGURE 1). The site, some 8 ha in area (520 × 230 m), lies on the borderline between the Cracow-Częstochowa and Miechów Uplands, some 20 km north of Crakow on a hill spur overlooking the Dłubnia river valley. Babia Góra is built of siliceous limestone heavily laced with flint nodules covered by a thick mantle of loess. The entire area of the site is now under cultivation.

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Kołodyńska-Gawrysiak, Renata. "Holocene evolution of closed depressions and its relation to landscape dynamics in the loess areas of Poland." Holocene 29, no. 4 (January 29, 2019): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618824792.

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Past Pleistocene topography of the loess uplands is rich in local sinks (closed depressions (CDs)) influencing sediment fluxes. Soil-sediment sequences from CDs constituting geoarchives where landscape changes under natural and anthropogenic conditions have been recorded. Pedo-sedimentary archives from 10 CDs in the Polish loess belt and human settlements were analysed. Phases of the Holocene evolution of the CDs were correlated with landscape dynamics in loess areas in Poland and Central Europe. Phases of infilling of CDs occurring (2) from the late Boreal/early Atlantic Period until the (middle) late Bronze Age/early Iron Age and (4) since the early Middle Ages until today were documented. These were phases of long-term soil erosion and colluviation corresponding to the increasing agricultural land use of Polish loess uplands. Phases of soil formation related to geomorphic stabilization of CDs occurred (1) from the late Vistulian until the late Boreal/early Atlantic Period and (3) from the late Bronze Age/early Iron Age until the early/high Middle Ages. These were phases of decreased soil erosion and landform conservation in a considerable part of Poland’s loess areas. Pedo-sedimentary archives from the CDs have recorded soil erosion strongly related with human-induced land-use changes. The mean soil erosion rate in the catchment of CDs was 0.33 t·ha−1·yr−1 during prehistory and 4.0 t·ha−1·yr−1 during the last approximately 1000 years. Phases of CD evolution are representative for the main phases of sediment and landscape dynamics in Poland’s loess areas recorded in various archives, and are not synchronous with some of these phases in Central Europe.

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Lager�s, Per. "Long-term history of land-use and vegetation at Femtingag�len ? a small lake in the Sm�land Uplands, southern Sweden." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 5, no. 3 (September 1996): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00217499.

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Skeates, R. "Book Review: Matthew Fitzjohn, ed., Uplands of Ancient Sicily and Calabria: The Archaeology of Landscape Revisited. (Accordia Specialist Series on Italy, vol. 13, London: Accordia Research Institute, University of London, 2007, 237 pp., 74 figs., pbk, ISBN 978 1 873415 32 0)." European Journal of Archaeology 12, no. 1-3 (April 1, 2009): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14619571090120011404.

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Attema, Larocca, and de Neef. "Questioning the Concept of Marginality: Early Modern Ethnography and Bronze Age Archaeology of the Foothills and Uplands of the Raganello Basin (Northern Calabria, Italy)." Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies 7, no. 4 (2019): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.7.4.0482.

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Casana, Jesse, and Claudia Glatz. "THE LAND BEHIND THE LAND BEHIND BAGHDAD: ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES OF THE UPPER DIYALA (SIRWAN) RIVER VALLEY." Iraq 79 (May 8, 2017): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irq.2017.3.

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While the Diyala (Kurdish Sirwan) River Valley is storied in Near Eastern archaeology as home to the Oriental Institute's excavations in the 1930s as well as to Robert McC. Adams’ pioneering archaeological survey, The Land Behind Baghdad, the upper reaches of the river valley remain almost unknown to modern scholarship. Yet this region, at the interface between irrigated lowland Mesopotamia and the Zagros highlands to the north and east, has long been hypothesized as central to the origins and development of complex societies. It was hotly contested by Bronze Age imperial powers, and offered one of the principle access routes connecting Mespotamia to the Iranian Plateau and beyond. This paper presents an interim report of the Sirwan Regional Project, a regional archaeological survey undertaken from 2013–2015 in a 4000 square kilometre area between the modern city of Darbandikhan and the plains south of Kalar. Encompassing a wide range of environments, from the rugged uplands of the Zagros front ranges to the rich irrigated basins of the Middle Diyala, the project has already discovered a wealth of previously unknown archaeological sites ranging in date from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic through the modern period. Following an overview of the physical geography of the Upper Diyala/Sirwan, this paper highlights key findings that are beginning to transform our understanding of this historically important but poorly known region.

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Kozáková, Radka, and Alžběta Danielisová. "Why did they move to a barren land? Iron Age settlement and the consequences for primary woodlands in the uplands of southern Bohemia, Czech Republic." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 29, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-019-00757-y.

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Lovis, William A., Randolph E. Donahue, and Margaret B. Holman. "Long-Distance Logistic Mobility as an Organizing Principle among Northern Hunter-Gatherers: A Great Lakes Middle Holocene Settlement System." American Antiquity 70, no. 4 (October 2005): 669–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035869.

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Concepts of residential and logistic mobility are applied to survey assemblages from multiple decades of research along the interior drainages of central lower Michigan. Drawing on the ethnographic record of boreal hunter-gatherers and archaeological interpretations of long-distance logistic mobility from the Mesolithic of northern England and continental Europe, it is argued that the importance of logistic mobility is underrepresented in summaries of northern hemisphere hunter-gatherers. Reconstruction of Middle Holocene environments suggests that the resource structure of the central Michigan uplands was one that fostered use of logistic mobility, and that interior Middle Archaic assemblages and site structures reveal special function activities systemically tied to residential and other special function sites at lower coastal elevations, as well as currently submerged under Lake Huron. We conclude that rising levels of Lake Huron ca. 4500 B.P. resulted in decreased land area, population packing, and a consequent shift to residential mobility by the Late Archaic. Further, the results of this analysis can serve as a comparative framework for recognizing the role of logistic mobility in the evolution of hunter-gatherer adaptive strategies in other regions.

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Innes, James, Jeffrey Blackford, and Ian Simmons. "Woodland disturbance and possible land-use regimes during the Late Mesolithic in the English uplands: pollen, charcoal and non-pollen palynomorph evidence from Bluewath Beck, North York Moors, UK." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 19, no. 5-6 (September 30, 2010): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-010-0266-y.

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Cherry, John F. "Archaeology of Uplands on a Mediterranean Island: The Madonie Mountain Range in Sicily. Vincenza Forgia. Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2019, 136 pp. $89.99, cloth. ISBN 978-3-030-15219-2." Journal of Anthropological Research 77, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/712269.

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Fleming, Andrew. "Timothy Darvill. The archaeology of the uplands: a rapid assessment of archaeological knowledge and practice. London: Royal Commission on the Historical Mouments of England & council for British Archaeology, 1986. 101 pp., 60 illus. (plates, maps & Plans), 9 tables. £7.35 paperback." Antiquity 61, no. 232 (July 1987): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00052479.

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Milecka, Krystyna, Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska, Edyta Zawisza, and Grzegorz Kowalewski. "Susceptibility of small boreal lakes to environmental changes as inferred from organic sediments of Lake Talvilampi (Finland)." Holocene 30, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 458–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619887432.

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During the Holocene, multiple thermal changes commonly occurred in the northern hemisphere. They are well-recorded in lakes with minimum human impact from the Arctic Circle area. The development of these lakes reflects ecological and climatic changes occurring from the formation of the lakes until present-day times. All environmental fluctuations affect biodiversity and are reflected in the number and composition of species. The goals of this study were to detect the ecological changes in a small Finnish lake using pollen, Cladocera and geochemical analyses. The research area is located within the northern zone of boreal coniferous forest and is the most sparsely populated region of Finland. The lake is located in Kuusamo uplands, E Finland, near the polar circle and over 20 km from the Russian border. Indicators of cold water were found only during the initial stage, after the 8.2 ka event and then the temperature was higher. Trophy was high at the beginning of the lake development and then a significant increase in trophy was found after 2600 BP. The impact of human activity is hardly traceable in Arctic Circle Finland throughout the Holocene Thermal Maximum. During the late-Holocene (after 4200 yr cal. BP), this impact is still weak and, even as late as the 20th century, only a few traces of human activity are recorded. General conclusion is that long-term climatic shift has been the most important factor driving changes in the limnology of Lake Talvilampi.

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Novák, Jan, Vojtěch Abraham, Petr Kočár, Libor Petr, Romana Kočárová, Kateřina Nováková, Petra Houfková, Vlasta Jankovská, and Zděnek Vaněček. "Middle- and upper-Holocene woodland history in central Moravia (Czech Republic) reveals biases of pollen and anthracological analysis." Holocene 27, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616660166.

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The aims of this article are, first, to investigate the middle- and upper-Holocene woodland history along the altitudinal gradient between the lowlands and uplands of Central Europe (190–550 m a.s.l.) and, second, to outline possible biases inherent in the charcoal record based on a comparison with the pollen record and its known biases. Our anthracological data set contains 42,547 determinations made in 120 charcoal samples taken at 69 sites. The lowest elevated part of the study region (below 200 m a.s.l.) is characterized by the long-term presence of a species-rich hardwood forest (mixed oak–elm–ash forest). Quercus charcoals dominated in the rest of the altitude zones during the Neolithic and Aeneolithic; however, shrub charcoals appearing in samples from areas with chernozem soils (generally up to 230 m a.s.l.) indicate open-canopy oak woodlands. The species composition differed along the altitudinal gradient during the Bronze Age period, when Carpinus, Fagus and Abies expanded to altitudes above 230 m a.s.l., while Fagus was more abundant above 290 m a.s.l. Broadleaved trees ( Quercus, Fraxinus, Ulmus, Acer and Carpinus) and shrubs are generally more represented in charcoals than pollen. Since broadleaved trees are usually nutrient demanding and able to re-grow easily after being felled, we suppose that their charcoal record is influenced by two main factors: bias of the initial location of the archaeological site and bias caused by long-term human influence on forest vegetation in the vicinity of settlements. These results underline that combining charcoal and pollen analysis has great potential for studying phenomena in cultural landscapes, as each of the methods approaches nature from the opposite side of the human–nature gradient.

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Wilczyński, Jarosław, Maciej T. Krajcarz, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Witold Paweł Alexandrowicz, Barbara Miękina, Andrea Pereswiet-Soltan, Krzysztof Wertz, et al. "Late Glacial and Holocene paleoecology and paleoenvironmental changes in the northern Carpathians foreland: The Żarska Cave (southern Poland) case study." Holocene 30, no. 6 (February 12, 2020): 905–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620902220.

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The study of past environments, their ecology, and detailed changes through time has become an important task of environmental science. Records of paleoenvironment usually vary between regions owing to different influences of local climate, vegetation, relief, and depositional processes. Therefore, studying local sequences thoroughly allows paleoenvironmental and paleoecological reconstructions for particular regions, but it also provides important data that complement the global record. The Żarska Cave is an exceptional site, which owing to its thick and undisturbed Holocene sediments with very rich paleobotanical and paleozoological materials has become the most complete example of the uppermost Upper Pleistocene and Holocene cave deposits in the Polish uplands. The aim of our study was to understand paleoenvironmental changes in southern Poland, from the late Glacial to the late Holocene, which has been targeted by use of a detailed geological analysis accompanied by analysis of a wide range of paleobotanical, paleozoological, and archeological assemblages. All the results obtained have permitted characterization of the paleoenvironmental changes occurring in the area of the Polish Jura during the last >15 ka years. A particularly well-represented sequence covers the Allerød interstadial, which revealed the presence of forests with associated shade-loving mollusks and rodents. The beginning of the Holocene was clearly identified with an increase of shaded forest habitats, which developed in a still relatively cold climate with continental features, and with the first appearance of mesophilous deciduous trees. During the middle Holocene, unusual evidence for maple forests is documented, which developed before the formation of beech forests, typical for the late Holocene. The obtained sequence has great significance not only for the Polish Jura region, but also has wider implications for southern Poland and the vast area of the northern Carpathian foreland.

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Hodges, Richard, and Ken Smith. "A secure future for the Roystone Grange Archaeological Trail." Antiquity 61, no. 233 (November 1987): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00073099.

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The July editorial (pp. 163–4) worried about the place for archaeology in the future of the British countryside, and this issue returns to the subject (p. 355). Here is a first example of the most satisfactory outcome imaginable – the acquisition of an upland farm primarily for archaeological use.

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Skeates, Robin. "Matthew Fitzjohn, ed., Uplands of Ancient Sicily and Calabria: The Archaeology of Landscape Revisited. (Accordia Specialist Series on Italy, vol. 13, London: Accordia Research Institute, University of London, 2007, 237 pp., 74 figs., pbk, ISBN 978 1 873415 32 0)." European Journal of Archaeology 12, no. 1-3 (2009): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2009.12.1-3.255.

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Iwaniszewski, Stanislaw. "The power of the dead in Neolithic landscapes: an agricultural-celestial metaphor in the funerary tradition of the Funnel Beaker Culture in the Sandomierz Upland." Documenta Praehistorica 43 (December 30, 2016): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.22.

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FBC earthen long barrows were roughly oriented along the East-West axis, with deviations not exceeding the frame of the solar arc. Also, the Sandomierz Group monuments display this general pattern. The paper brings together archaeoastronomy, landscape archaeology and symbolic archaeology.

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