Дисертації: "UNIVERSAL FILTERs"

1

Smith, George. "Refining queries on a treebank with XSLT filters : approaching the universal quantifier." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/867/.

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This paper discusses the use of XSLT stylesheets as a filtering mechanism for refining the results of user queries on treebanks.
The discussion is within the context of the TIGER treebank, the associated search engine and query language, but the general ideas can apply to any search engine for XML-encoded treebanks.
It will be shown that important classes of linguistic phenomena can be accessed by applying relatively simple XSLT templates to the output of a query, effectively simulating the universal quantifier for a subset of the query language. uni-potsdam.de/cgi-bin/publika/view.pl?id=206">

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2

Shadrin, Aleksandr. "Analogové pole pro realizaci programovatelného filtru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221026.

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The state-variable analog filter topologies are described. Using the transfer function theory and operational configurations suitable for integration and derivation, a new universal filter topology are proposed. The circuit has been implemented in CMOS technology by using six operational amplifiers, eight analog switches and five programming resistor array. Tunable corner frequencies, quality factors and gain are realized. Using the serial peripheral interface or digital memory can be realized this real-time digitally programmable first- and second-order analog filter with the tunable parameters.

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3

Melo, Priscila Facco de. "Projeto e implementação de um filtro ativo universal trifásico controlado digitalmente." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/900.

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Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um filtro ativo trifásico universal, o qual é composto pela conexão de três módulos monofásicos. Cada módulo monofásico é independente e é controlado por um processador digital de sinais. A estrutura de potência utilizada em cada módulo é uma topologia de três braços em que dois conversores compartilham um braço, de forma que o circuito apresenta número de componentes de potência reduzido na versão monofásica e pode operar sem o uso de um transformador. O filtro ativo proposto é capaz de compensar a distorção harmônica e regular o nível da tensão entregue para a carga. Ele também compensa a corrente da carga conectada na saída do filtro, corrigindo seu conteúdo harmônico e fator de potência. Apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre alguns assuntos referentes à qualidade de energia elétrica, como os conceitos de distorção harmônica, seus efeitos e as normas pertinentes. Em seguida, as principais topologias de filtros ativos são apresentadas. Três módulos monofásicos, de 1500 W cada, são implementados e o funcionamento da estrutura de três braços, bem como os principais parâmetros do circuito de potência são analisados. Um algoritmo PLL (Phase Locked Loop) digital é empregado para o sincronismo de cada módulo. Controladores repetitivos são utilizados para o controle da tensão e da corrente. Os detalhes da estratégia de controle, bem como o projeto do circuito de sincronismo e dos controladores digitais são apresentados. Os resultados teóricos obtidos são comprovados através da simulação e da experimentação do protótipo implementado. A utilização do filtro ativo possibilitou a redução do conteúdo harmônico das cargas utilizadas nos testes, bem como elevou o fator de potência e corrigiu a distorção e o nível da tensão entregue para a carga.
This paper presents the development and implementation of a three-phase universal active filter consisting of three single-phase modules. Each single-phase module is independent and is controlled by a digital signal processor. The power structure used in each module is a three-arm topology in which two converts share one arm, so that the circuit has a reduced count of components and can operate without using a transformer. The proposed active filter can compensate harmonic distortion and adjust the voltage level delivered to the load. It also compensates the load current connected to the filter output, correcting its harmonic content and power factor. It presents a literature review on some issues related to power quality, as the concepts of harmonic distortion, its effects and relevant standards. Then the principal topologies used in active filters are presented. Three single-phase modules, each one of 1500 W, are implemented and the operation principles of the three-arms structure and the main parameters of the power circuit are analyzed. A digital PLL (Phase Locked Loop) is employed to synchronize each module. Repetitive controllers are used to control the voltage and current. Details of the control strategy and circuit design of the synchronism and digital controllers are presented. The results are verified through simulation and experimentation of the implemented prototype. Using the active filter was possible to reduce the harmonic content of the loads used in the experimental tests as well as increasing the power factor and to correct the distortion and voltage level supplied to the load.

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4

Larsson, Mats. "Development of a Digital Universal Filter Bank." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och System, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-307929.

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This is a master's thesis project, which is a part of the Master Programme in Electrical Engineering at Uppsala university. When developing a product or performing measurements, it is sometimes necessary to remove some content of a signal. This might be due to an interfering source that has to be filtered out, or that only a specific frequency interval is of interest. In such a case, it would be practical if a universal frequency selective filter was available and easy to use. In this thesis, a platform for implementing different frequency selective digital filters is developed. Through a user interface, parameters such as sampling frequency, filter order, type of filter and cutoff frequencies are set by the user. This provides a platform which is easy to configure in order to run one or multiple IIR or FIR filters in various constellations. By combining different filters, a wide variety of frequency responses can be obtained. A prototype is constructed, which allows the user to connect up to two input signals and retrieve up to two output signals. The filter bank is programmed in C and implemented in a 32-bit microcontroller, base on the ARM architecture. To get a reliable prototype, a printed circuit board is designed and manufactured. To protect the electronics from external stress, a cover is designed and 3D-printed. The filter design algorithms and the algorithm used when running the filter bank gives satisfying results. The capacity of the filter bank can be increased by refining the filtering algorithm. By improving the hardware, noise generated by the electronics can be decreased. The filter bank has a really good potential to become a very useful tool.

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5

Syring, Felicia Maria [Verfasser]. "The future of sunscreen efficacy evaluation : a comparative study of universal sun protection factor, radical formation ratio and sun protection factor assessing the protective value of sunscreen formulations containing chemical-, and/or physical filters as well as antioxidant additives / Felicia Maria Syring." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067441972/34.

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6

Fröhlich, Lubomír. "Aktivní kmitočtové filtry pro vyšší frekvence." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233616.

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This thesis deals with the synthesis and optimization of frequency analogue filters with modern active elements usable for higher frequencies. The thesis is divided into three parts, the first part deals with the problematic concerning Leap-Frog combined ARC structure. Due to a difficult design, this method is not described in a detail and used in practice, although it shows e.g. low sensitivity. Firstly, a complete analysis of individual filters was made (for and T endings) and consequently these findings were used during implementation of this method to NAF program. Finally, samples of real filters were realized (for verification of functioning and correct design). Another very interesting topic concerning filters is usage of coupled band-pass for small bandwidth, where it is necessary to solve the problems concerning ratio of building elements values, but also price, quality, size of coils, sensitivity, Q factors, coefficients etc. That is why in practice a coil is very often substituted with other equivalent lossy and lossless blocks which create ARC filters structure. The design and the possibility of usage of lossy grounded elements were described here (such as synthetic inductors, frequency dependent negative resistor). Some parts of the design are individual computer sensitivity analysis, setting of usage and quality comparison of individual lossy grounded blocks. Besides, a program for these elements was created, it is useful for a quick design and depiction of transfer characteristics. The third part deals with the usage of tuning universal filters consisting three or more operational amplifiers, which secures its universality and possibility to create different kinds of transfer characteristic. In practice, Akerberg - Mossberg and Kerwin - Huelsman - Newcomb are the most used types of filters. These were also compared with less common universal filters. In the end, the possibility of digital tuning of universal filter with the help of digital potentiometers for filters of 10th order and frequency around 1 MHz was shown.

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7

Salášek, Jan. "Analogové funkční bloky fraktálního řádu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241141.

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Thesis describes the design of the blocks of fractional-order filters approximation using a filter of higher order integer. Active filters of third-order are use to create filter of 1+alfa -order, where alfa is between zero to one. One of the filters is practically implemented and measured.

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8

Prát, Marek. "Návrh elektronicky rekonfigurovatelných filtračních struktur s moderními aktivními prvky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377113.

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The aim of master's thesis was design of electronically reconfigurable filters. Adjustability of pole frequency or quality factor is possible. First part of thesis deals with theoretical analysis of filters, their operation modes, design of frequency filters using Signal-Flow graph method and parasitic analysis. The next part describes active elements used in thesis. In a third part, three reconfigurable filters are described and designed and their simulations and parasitic analysis are made. Last part deals with filter design in EAGLE and experimental measurement.

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9

Ju, Ziyang [Verfasser]. "A Filter Bank Based Reconfigurable Receiver Architecture for Universal Wireless Communications / Ziyang Ju." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1016850379/34.

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10

Gajdoš, Adam. "Elektronicky rekonfigurovatelné kmitočtové filtry." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241983.

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The aim of the thesis was design of reconnection-less and electronically reconfigurable filters of SISO type with non-traditional active elements. Adjustability of bandwidth or quality factor is also required. First part of the thesis deals with theoretical analysis of filters, their operation modes and design of frequency filters using Signal-flow graph method aswell. Last but not least, electronical reconfiguration of transfer function and parasitic analysis was discussed. Another part describes active elements used in the practical part of thesis. Behaviors and design of active elements using existing circuits (e.g. UCC,EL2082) are described and their transformation into the Signal-flow graph form too. In the practical part five reconnection-less and reconfigurable filters of SISO type was designed using SNAP program. Simulations were done using Orcad program with ideal and real simulation models of active elements. Last part deals with filter design in EAGLE and experimental measurement.

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11

Hackel, Philipp Marius. "Katalytische Umsetzung von Rauchgaskomponenten in imprägnierten kornkeramischen Filterelementen experimentelle und rechnerische Modelluntersuchungen /." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/240/.

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12

Hinot, Karelle. "Catalytic soot oxidation by platinum on sintered metal filters influence of the platinum quantity, particle size and location, and investigation of the platinum soot contact /." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/201/.

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13

Hinot, Karelle. "Catalytic soot oxidation by platinum on sintered metal filters influence of the platinum quantity, particle size and location, and investigation of the platinum soot contact." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/201/.

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14

Minarčík, Martin. "Návrh koncepce napěťového konvejoru a jeho aplikační možnosti." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233471.

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This doctoral thesis deals with a voltage conveyor as a new active element for an analog signal processing. Various types of the voltage conveyors have been defined as a dual active elements to current conveyors based on a duality principle. Conception of a new active element that can supply all types of the voltage conveyors have been proposed. The active element has been named an universal voltage conveyor – UVC. A voltage follower is a basic building block of the UVC. The well-known circuit realization of the voltage follower comes from four transconductance amplifiers with key parameters (voltage transfer and output resistance) derived from relative accuracy of used transconductance amplifiers has been used by UVC fabrication. A new circuit realization of the voltage follower comes from three transconductance amplifiers with key parameters also derived from relative accuracy of used transconductance amplifiers has been designed. Further the doctoral thesis deals with a frequency filter with the voltage conveyors design using signal flow graphs. Various graphs of the voltage conveyors comes from the various circuit analysis methods with non-regular active elements have been created. A basic graph of the voltage conveyor has been designed with help of a known controlled sources graphs. This graph have been used to design of multifunctional frequency filters, filters with high input and low output impedance and controlled frequency filters. A design procedure have been created so that in specific step of the frequency filter design the basic graph of the voltage conveyor could be extended to graph of any type of the voltage conveyor. Thereby a practical usage of various types of the voltage conveyors has been finding out. Further a new method of frequency filter design based on expanding of the signal flow has beenproposed.

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15

Novotný, Matouš. "Filtry vyšších řádů s proudovými zrcadly." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218224.

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Submitted work engages in suggestion of frequency-selection filters with usage of more active elements of the MCMI (Multi-Output Current Mirror and inverter). The preamble of thesis is applied to theory of frequency-selection filters and possible usage of them. The projected circuit layouts with the active elements are discussed in terms of the impact of parasitic properties of the real models. The part of thesis is numerical suggestion of found solutions, their simulation in suitable program.

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16

Jeřábek, Jan. "Kmitočtové filtry s proudovými aktivními prvky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233528.

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This doctoral thesis is focused mainly on research of new current active elements and their applications in frequency filters suitable for current-mode. Work is focused on design of new filtering structures suitable for traditional single-ended signal processing and also on structures suitable for fully-differential applications. The thesis contains three designed general conceptions of KHN-type second-order filters. Adjustability of quality factor and pole frequency is provided by controllable current amplifiers that are placed properly in designed structures. Structures also contain second-generation current conveyors, multiple-output current followers, transconductance amplifiers and their fully-differential equivalents. There are lot of possible solutions that could be obtained from general structures, some of them are presented in the work. The thesis also presents several multifunctional and also single-purpose filtering structures of second-order and two variants of n-th order synthetic elements which are suitable to realize higher order filters both in single ended and fully differential type. In each case, functionality of new solutions is verified by simulations and in several cases also by real measurement.

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17

Cittolin, Angelo. "Etude de filtres universels en vue d'une détermination et d'une sélection automatique de gammes d'assemblage de produits industriels /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1719.

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18

Žůrek, Radomil. "Využití grafů signálových toků k návrhu diferenčních filtrů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218355.

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The dissertation deals with the design of fully differential frequency filters using the signal flow graphs. It presents the procedures for designing frequency filters, focusing on the active elements such as multiple-output current followers (MO-CF) and digitally adjustable current amplifiers (DACA), which work in a current mode. It is theoretically discussed the issue of designing the M-C graphs, which are the graphic analogy of voltage and current incidence matrices. There are also presented three designs of 2nd order frequency filter circuits using the indirect method of design by M-C graphs and one circuit design using the direct method. The results of each simulation and measurement are presented in a module frequency characteristics. Finally, there is a summary of M-C graphs characteristics and applicability.

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19

Khatib, Nabhan. "Obvody pro analogové zpracování signálů na bázi nekonvenčních aktivních prvků." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233586.

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Disertační práce se zabývá zaváděním nových struktur moderních aktivních prvků pracujících v napěťovém, proudovém a smíšeném režimu. Funkčnost a chování těchto prvků byly ověřeny prostřednictvím SPICE simulací. V této práci je zahrnuta řada simulací, které dokazují přesnost a dobré vlastnosti těchto prvků, přičemž velký důraz byl kladen na to, aby tyto prvky byly schopny pracovat při nízkém napájecím napětí, jelikož poptávka po přenosných elektronických zařízeních a implantabilních zdravotnických přístrojích stále roste. Tyto přístroje jsou napájeny bateriemi a k tomu, aby byla prodloužena jejich životnost, trend navrhování analogových obvodů směřuje k stále většímu snižování spotřeby a napájecího napětí. Hlavním přínosem této práce je návrh nových CMOS struktur: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) na základě BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) a QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) na základě FG, transkonduktor na základě nové techniky BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate), CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na základě GD (Gate Driven), VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na základě GD a DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) na základě BD. Dále je uvedeno několik zajímavých aplikací užívajících výše jmenované prvky. Získané výsledky simulací odpovídají teoretickým předpokladům.

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20

Shaktour, Mahmoud. "Nekonvenční obvodové prvky pro návrh příčkových filtrů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233531.

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Kmitočtové filtry jsou lineární elektrické obvody, které jsou využívány v různých oblastech elektroniky. Současně tvoří základní stavební bloky pro analogové zpracování signálů. V poslední dekádě bylo zavedeno množství aktivních stavebních bloků pro analogové zpracování signálů. Stále však existuje potřeba vývoje nových aktivních součástek, které by poskytovaly nové možnosti a lepší parametry. V práci jsou diskutovány různé aspekty obvodů pracujících v napěťovém, proudovém a smíšném módu. Práce reaguje na dnešní potřebu nízkovýkonových a nízkonapěťových aplikací pro přenosné přístroje a mobilní komunikační systémy a na problémy jejich návrhu. Potřeba těchto výkonných nízkonapěťových zařízení je výzvou návrhářů k hledání nových obvodových topologií a nových nízkonapěťových technik. V práci je popsána řada aktivních prvků, jako například operační transkonduktanční zesilovač (OTA), proudový konvejor II. generace (CCII) a CDTA (Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier). Dále jsou navrženy nové prvky, jako jsou VDTA (Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier) a VDVTA (Voltage Differencing Voltage Transconductance Amplifier). Všechny tyto prvky byly rovněž implementovány pomocí "bulk-driven" techniky CMOS s cílem realizace nízkonapěťových aplikací. Tato práce je rovněž zaměřena na náhrady klasických induktorů syntetickými induktory v pasivních LC příčkových filtrech. Tyto náhrady pak mohou vést k syntéze aktivních filtrů se zajímavými vlastnostmi.

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21

Stejný, Jiří. "Návrh řiditelných kmitočtových filtrů s moderními proudovými prvky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218116.

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This master´s thesis deals an active elements called digitally controlled current amplifier, multiple-output current follower and its usage in tunable frequency filters. These tunable frequency filters operate in a pure current mode. In the first part of this work are presented the different types of current active elements. Universal current conveyor, multiple-output current follower, digitally controlled current amplifier (UCC, MO-CF, DCCA). In the second part of this work are introduced particular methods of design tunable frequency filters. Special attention is given to using the design method of via autonomous circuits because it is one of the most. In the last part of this thesis are designed and computer-simulated individual multifunction tunable frequency filters with those already active yet elements. These filters were designed via autonomous circuits or modification of existing circuits. The functionality of the proposed filtres have been verified by computer simulation. Snap3 program was used for the symbolic analyse of circuit and OrCad PSpice program was used to simulate the characteristics of multifunction filters.

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22

Pánek, David. "Syntéza diferenčních filtračních struktur se složenými aktivními prvky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399604.

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This document is focused on already existing single-ended frequency filters with modern active components working in current mode and their modification into fully-differential ended form. After the modification both versions were compared between each other. The first part informs about problems concerning analogue frequency filters. The second part deals with used active components - MO-CF (Multiple Output Current Follower), BOTA (Balanced transconductance amplifier), UCC (universal current conveyor), VDTA (Voltage differencing transconductance amplifier), CDTA (Current differencing transconductance amplifier) and VDCC (voltage differencing current conveyor). Four circuits have been chosen and transformed into their differential form. Two circuits have been chosen and realised into PCB and then practicaly measured in a laboratory. The last part is a summary of simulations and measured results and check of circuits behavior result.

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23

Herencsár, Norbert. "Nové aktivní funkční bloky a jejich aplikace v kmitočtových filtrech a kvadraturních oscilátorech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233510.

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Kmitočtové filtry a sinusoidní oscilátory jsou lineární elektronické obvody, které jsou používány v široké oblasti elektroniky a jsou základními stavebními bloky v analogovém zpracování signálu. V poslední dekádě pro tento účel bylo prezentováno velké množství stavebních funkčních bloků. V letech 2000 a 2006 na Ústavu telekomunikací, VUT v Brně byly definovány univerzální proudový konvejor (UCC) a univerzální napět'ový konvejor (UVC) a vyrobeny ve spolupráci s firmou AMI Semiconductor Czech, Ltd. Ovšem, stále existuje požadavek na vývoj nových aktivních prvků, které nabízejí nové výhody. Hlavní přínos práce proto spočívá v definici dalších původních aktivních stavebních bloků jako jsou differential-input buffered and transconductance amplifier (DBTA), current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA), z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), generalized current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (GCFDITA), voltage gain-controlled modified current-feedback operational amplifier (VGC-MCFOA), a minus-type current-controlled third-generation voltage conveyor (CC-VCIII-). Pomocí navržených aktivních stavebních bloků byly prezentovány původní zapojení fázovacích článků prvního řádu, univerzální filtry druhého řádu, ekvivalenty obvodu typu KHN, inverzní filtry, aktivní simulátory uzemněného induktoru a kvadraturní sinusoidní oscilátory pracující v proudovém, napět'ovém a smíšeném módu. Chování navržených obvodů byla ověřena simulací v prostředí SPICE a ve vybraných případech experimentálním měřením.

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24

Michalička, Filip. "Syntéza elektronicky rekonfigurovatelných kmitočtových filtrů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413078.

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This diploma thesis deals with design of reconection-less electronically reconfigurable filter structures which have single input and single output using unconventional active elements, which have ability to adjust one of their parameter e.g. gain or transconductance. The first part describes basic parameters of frequency filters, the division of filters by frequency transfer response and used circuit elements, their operational modes, the principle of reconnection-less electronically reconfiguration and the circuit design method MUNV. Second part describes all active elements used in the proposal of filters, their properties and the implementation using existing transistor-level models. The third part contains the design of three reconnection-less electronically reconfigurable filters and the simulations results obtained from simulation programs OrCAD Capture and PSpice. The obtained results were compared with theoretical behaviour. This part also contains results of these analyses: sensitivity, parasitic, Monte Carlo and temperature to determine the behaviour in varied cases.

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25

Heidari, Leila. "Calage d'historiques de réservoirs pétroliers par le filtre de Kalman d'ensemble et des méthodes de paramétrisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00581082.

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Le calage historique permet l'intégration de données acquises après la production dans la construction de modèles de réservoir. Le filtre de Kalman d'ensemble (EnKF) est une méthode d'assimilation (ou calage historique) séquentielle capable d'intégrer les données mesurées dès qu'ils sont obtenus. Ce travail est basé sur l'application de l' EnKF pour le calage historique et est divisé en deux sections principales. La première section traite l'application de la EnKF à plusieurs cas d'études afin de mieux comprendre les avantages et les inconvénients de la méthode. Ces cas d'étude incluent deux cas d'étude synthétiques (un simple et un plutôt complexe), un modèle de faciès et un modèle de réservoir réel. Dans la plupart des cas, la méthode a réussi à reproduire les données mesurées. Les problèmes rencontrés sont expliqués et des solutions possibles sont proposées. La seconde partie traite deux nouveaux algorithmes proposé en combinant l'EnKF avec deux méthodes de paramétrisation: méthode des points pilotes et méthode de déformation graduelle, permettant la préservation les propriétés statistiques de l'ordre de deux (moyenne et covariance). Les deux algorithmes développés sont appliqués au cas d'étude synthétique simple : la première méthode peut réussir avec un nombre suffisant et un bon positionnement des points pilotes. Pour la déformation graduelle, l'application peut réussir si l'ensemble de fond est assez grand.

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26

Birrien, Florent. "Assimilation de données et inversion bathymétrique pour la modélisation de l'évolution des plages sableuses." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870775.

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Cette thèse présente une plateforme d'assimilation de données issues de l'imagerie vidéo et intégrée au modèle numérique d'évolution de profil de plage 1DBEACH. Le manque de jeux de données bathymétriques haute-fréquence est un des problèmes récurrents pour la modélisation morphodynamique littorale. Pourtant, des relevés topographiques réguliers sont nécessaires non seulement pour la validation de nos modèles hydro-sédimentaires mais aussi dans une perspective de prévision d'évolution morphologique de nos plages sableuses et d'évolution de la dynamique des courants de baïnes en temps réel. Les récents progrès dans le domaine de l'imagerie vidéo littorale ont permis d'envisager un moyen de suivi morphologique quasi-quotidien et bien moins coûteux que les traditionnelles campagnes de mesure. En effet, les images dérivées de la vidéo de type timex ou timestack rendent possible l'extraction de proxys bathymétriques qui permettent de caractériser et de reconstruire la morphologie de plage sous-jacente. Cependant, ces méthodes d'inversion bathymétrique directes sont limitées au cas linéaire et nécessitent, selon les conditions hydrodynamiques ambiantes, l'acquisition de données vidéo sur plusieurs heures voire plusieurs jours pour caractériser un état de plage. En réponse à ces différents points bloquants, ces travaux de thèse proposaient l'implémentation puis la validation de méthodes d'inversion bathymétrique basées sur l'assimilation dans notre modèle de différentes sources d'observations vidéo disponibles et complémentaires. A partir d'informations hétérogènes et non redondantes, ces méthodes permettent la reconstruction rapide et précise d'une morphologie de plage dans son intégralité pour ainsi bénéficier de relevés bathymétriques haute fréquence réguliers.

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27

Goyal, Sachin. "Power network in the loop : subsystem testing using a switching amplifier." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/26521/1/Sachin_Goyal_Thesis.pdf.

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“Hardware in the Loop” (HIL) testing is widely used in the automotive industry. The sophisticated electronic control units used for vehicle control are usually tested and evaluated using HIL-simulations. The HIL increases the degree of realistic testing of any system. Moreover, it helps in designing the structure and control of the system under test so that it works effectively in the situations that will be encountered in the system. Due to the size and the complexity of interaction within a power network, most research is based on pure simulation. To validate the performance of physical generator or protection system, most testing is constrained to very simple power network. This research, however, examines a method to test power system hardware within a complex virtual environment using the concept of the HIL. The HIL testing for electronic control units and power systems protection device can be easily performed at signal level. But performance of power systems equipments, such as distributed generation systems can not be evaluated at signal level using HIL testing. The HIL testing for power systems equipments is termed here as ‘Power Network in the Loop’ (PNIL). PNIL testing can only be performed at power level and requires a power amplifier that can amplify the simulation signal to the power level. A power network is divided in two parts. One part represents the Power Network Under Test (PNUT) and the other part represents the rest of the complex network. The complex network is simulated in real time simulator (RTS) while the PNUT is connected to the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based power amplifier. Two way interaction between the simulator and amplifier is performed using analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) converters. The power amplifier amplifies the current or voltage signal of simulator to the power level and establishes the power level interaction between RTS and PNUT. In the first part of this thesis, design and control of a VSC based power amplifier that can amplify a broadband voltage signal is presented. A new Hybrid Discontinuous Control method is proposed for the amplifier. This amplifier can be used for several power systems applications. In the first part of the thesis, use of this amplifier in DSTATCOM and UPS applications are presented. In the later part of this thesis the solution of network in the loop testing with the help of this amplifier is reported. The experimental setup for PNIL testing is built in the laboratory of Queensland University of Technology and the feasibility of PNIL testing has been evaluated using the experimental studies. In the last section of this thesis a universal load with power regenerative capability is designed. This universal load is used to test the DG system using PNIL concepts. This thesis is composed of published/submitted papers that form the chapters in this dissertation. Each paper has been published or submitted during the period of candidature. Chapter 1 integrates all the papers to provide a coherent view of wide bandwidth switching amplifier and its used in different power systems applications specially for the solution of power systems testing using PNIL.

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28

Goyal, Sachin. "Power network in the loop : subsystem testing using a switching amplifier." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26521/.

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Анотація:

“Hardware in the Loop” (HIL) testing is widely used in the automotive industry. The sophisticated electronic control units used for vehicle control are usually tested and evaluated using HIL-simulations. The HIL increases the degree of realistic testing of any system. Moreover, it helps in designing the structure and control of the system under test so that it works effectively in the situations that will be encountered in the system. Due to the size and the complexity of interaction within a power network, most research is based on pure simulation. To validate the performance of physical generator or protection system, most testing is constrained to very simple power network. This research, however, examines a method to test power system hardware within a complex virtual environment using the concept of the HIL. The HIL testing for electronic control units and power systems protection device can be easily performed at signal level. But performance of power systems equipments, such as distributed generation systems can not be evaluated at signal level using HIL testing. The HIL testing for power systems equipments is termed here as ‘Power Network in the Loop’ (PNIL). PNIL testing can only be performed at power level and requires a power amplifier that can amplify the simulation signal to the power level. A power network is divided in two parts. One part represents the Power Network Under Test (PNUT) and the other part represents the rest of the complex network. The complex network is simulated in real time simulator (RTS) while the PNUT is connected to the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based power amplifier. Two way interaction between the simulator and amplifier is performed using analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) converters. The power amplifier amplifies the current or voltage signal of simulator to the power level and establishes the power level interaction between RTS and PNUT. In the first part of this thesis, design and control of a VSC based power amplifier that can amplify a broadband voltage signal is presented. A new Hybrid Discontinuous Control method is proposed for the amplifier. This amplifier can be used for several power systems applications. In the first part of the thesis, use of this amplifier in DSTATCOM and UPS applications are presented. In the later part of this thesis the solution of network in the loop testing with the help of this amplifier is reported. The experimental setup for PNIL testing is built in the laboratory of Queensland University of Technology and the feasibility of PNIL testing has been evaluated using the experimental studies. In the last section of this thesis a universal load with power regenerative capability is designed. This universal load is used to test the DG system using PNIL concepts. This thesis is composed of published/submitted papers that form the chapters in this dissertation. Each paper has been published or submitted during the period of candidature. Chapter 1 integrates all the papers to provide a coherent view of wide bandwidth switching amplifier and its used in different power systems applications specially for the solution of power systems testing using PNIL.

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29

Betoule, Marc. "Analyse des données du fond diffus cosmologique : simulation et séparation de composantes." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462157.

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La prochaine génération d'expériences dédiées à la mesure des anisotropies de température et de polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique (CMB), inaugurée avec le lancement de Planck, va permettre la détection et l'étude d'effets de plus en plus fins. Toutefois, la superposition d'émissions astrophysiques d'avant-plan contamine le signal cosmologique et constituera, dans ces futures données, la principale source d'incertitude devant le bruit instrumental. L'amélioration de la modélisation des émissions d'avant-plan et le développement de méthodes statistiques pour permettre leur séparation sont donc des étapes cruciales de l'analyse scientifique des mesures à venir. Ce travail s'inscrit dans cette problématique et comprend le développement du Planck Sky Model, un outil de modélisation et de simulation de l'émission du ciel. Ces simulations sont par ailleurs mises à profit pour le développement et l'évaluation de méthode statistiques adaptées au problème des avant-plans. Nous explorons ainsi les possibilités offertes par l'analyse en ondelettes sur la sphère (needlets) pour le problème de l'estimation spectrale sur des mesures incomplètes avec une contamination inhomogène, et proposons une méthode pour traiter la contamination induites aux petites échelles par les sources ponctuelles dans les données Planck et WMAP. Nous étudions également l'impact des avant-plans sur la possibilité de détection des ondes gravitationnelles primordiales (prédites par l'inflation) et proposons une prospective des performances des futures missions dédiées à leur mesure.

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30

Fischer, Claude. "Les états initiaux pour la prévision numérique en météorologie: incertitude des données et méthode de correction." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518946.

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Le mémoire fait la synthèse de mes travaux de recherche autour de la question de la production du ''meilleur`` état initial possible pour démarrer une prévision numérique de l'évolution de l'atmosphère. Cette thématique va nous amener à considérer la problématique de l'assimilation des données. En particulier, mes travaux ont abordé cette question en relation avec les modèles numériques de prévision météorologique régionaux, à aire limitée. Le mémoire peut se lire pour l'essentiel sous deux angles: * des considérations assez amont sur la recherche de l'état optimal d'un système dynamique connu imparfaitement, mais sur lequel un contrôle par des observations indépendantes est possible: observations ciblées dans un modèle idéalisé, scénarii de mesures, croissance des erreurs et analyse par vecteurs singuliers. * études poursuivies dans le cadre de l'implémentation d'une analyse variationnelle dans le modèle régional Aladin de Météo-France: croissance des erreurs dans ce modèle, réglage des variances d'erreur de prévision, prise en compte du système coupleur (plus précisément, de son analyse) dans un système couplé, propriétés de la solution adjointe Des perspectives de recherche et de développement sont abordées en conclusion.

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31

Morilla, Cabello David. "Vision Based Control for Industrial Robots : Research and implementation." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17583.

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The automation revolution already helps in many tasks that are now performed by robots. Increases in the complexity of problems regarding robot manipulators require new approaches or alternatives in order to solve them. This project comprises a research in different available software for implementing easy and fast visual servoing tasks controlling a robot manipulator. It focuses on out-of-the-box solutions. Then, the tools found are applied to implement a solution for controlling an arm from Universal Robots. The task is to follow a moving object on a plane with the robot manipulator. The research compares the most popular software, the state-of-the-art alternatives, especially in computer vision and also robot control. The implementation aims to be a proof of concept of a system divided by each functionality (computer vision, path generation and robot control) in order to allow software modularity and exchangeability. The results show various options for each system to take into consideration. The implementation is successfully completed, showing the efficiency of the alternatives examined. The chosen software is MATLAB and Simulink for computer vision and trajectory calculation interfacing with Robotic Operating System (ROS). ROS is used for controlling a UR3 arm using ros_control and ur_modern_driver packages. Both the research and the implementation present a first approach for further applications and understanding over the current technologies for visual servoing tasks. These alternatives offer different easy, fast, and flexible methods to confront complex computer vision and robot control problems.

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32

Rondi, Sylvain. "CALAS, une caméra pour l'étude des grandes échelles de la surface solaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144722.

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Анотація:

L'objet du projet CALAS est l'étude de la supergranulation solaire, structure à grande échelle de la photosphère. L'origine de la supergranulation est encore controversée et nécessite des observations à très haute résolution spatiale sur un grand champ de vue. Le projet CALAS répond à ces exigences en proposant de concevoir une caméra rapide combinant grand champ et haute résolution, installée à la Lunette Jean Rösch, réfracteur de 50 cm de diamètre situé au Pic du Midi. Cette caméra utilise des capteurs CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor) dont les avantages sont notamment la rapidité de lecture, le coût réduit et de grands formats disponibles.
Nous avons conçu une chaîne d'acquisition complète, comprenant la caméra et son électronique de commande, une électronique de lecture couplée à un logiciel de prise de vues, et un système de stockage des données.
Le projet a également consisté à concevoir un banc optique sur deux voies permettant l'observation de la surface solaire en mode imagerie mais aussi en mode Doppler et magnétographie, par l'utilisation d'un filtre magnéto-optique. Le travail a également nécessité d'étudier l'intégration de CALAS au sein de la Lunette Jean Rösch, en participant à la jouvence de cet instrument.
Enfin, au cours de ce projet, outre de nombreuses missions d'observation à la Lunette Jean Rösch, j'ai également été amené à participer à une campagne internationale d'observations coordonnées consacrée à l'étude des mouvements de la photosphère dans l'environnement de filaments. A l'issue de cette thèse, les premières observations à grand champ et haute résolution de la photosphère solaire ont été réalisées à la LJR, et leur excellente qualité se révèle déjà tout à fait prometteuse pour la suite de l'exploitation scientifique.

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Duchez, Aurélie. "Contrôle du courant Nord Méditerranéen dans le golfe du Lion : une approche par simulation du système d'observation." Phd thesis, Université de Toulon et du Var, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627365/en/.

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Анотація:

La circulation du golfe du Lion est influencée par un forçage atmosphérique intense et le Courant Nord Méditerranéen (CNM). Une configuration au 1/16° a été utilisée pour modéliser la dynamique complexe de cette région, mais ne permet pas de modéliser correctement le CNM. Nous avons utilisé la méthode d'assimilation du filtre SEEK afin de combiner l'information contenue dans ce modèle et celle provenant d'observations synthétiques altimétriques (de type SARAL-AltiKa) et in situ, extraites d'une configuration réaliste du golfe du Lion au 1/64°. Afin d'évaluer la qualité des résultats, des diagnostics statistiques et physiques ont été établis et témoignent d'une bonne qualité de l'expérience. On a ainsi montré une amélioration des caractéristiques du CNM en surface et en profondeur, de son activité mésoéchelle et permis l'intrusion de branches de recirculation sur le plateau. Une meilleure représentation de ce courant a permis d'améliorer la quantité des échanges côte-large de même que la caractéristique des eaux du plateau, ce qui a permis la formation d'eaux denses hivernales, leur convection puis leur cascading le long du talus. L'assimilation a aussi amélioré les caractéristiques du panache du Rhône. On a ainsi montré que l'assimilation de nouvelles formes d'observations dans les systèmes opérationnels permettra de contrôler des processus plus fins et proches des côtes, non contrôlés par les systèmes d'observations actuels.

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Tandeo, Pierre. "MODÉLISATION SPATIO-TEMPORELLE D'UNE VARIABLE QUANTITATIVE À PARTIR DE DONNÉES MULTI-SOURCES APPLICATION À LA TEMPÉRATURE DE SURFACE DES OCÉANS." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582679.

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Анотація:

Ce travail de thèse porte sur une variable océanographique importante dans le suivi du climat : la température de surface des océans. Au niveau global, les observations de cette température sont fournies principalement par des radiomètres embarqués sur des satellites. Afin de traiter ce flux important de données, un traitement statistique s'impose dans le but de synthétiser l'information en des cartes globales et quotidiennes de notre variable d'intérêt. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un modèle linéaire de type espace-d'état avec des erreurs Gaussiennes. Nous commençons par présenter ce modèle sur des données issues de séries temporelles ayant un échantillonnage irrégulier. Suit un travail d'inférence avec la mise en place d'un schéma d'estimation des paramètres, basé sur la combinaison d'une méthode des moments et du maximum de vraisemblance au travers de l'algorithme EM et des probabilités de filtrage et lissage de Kalman. Nous appliquons enfin cette méthodologie pour estimer les variances d'erreurs et le paramètre de corrélation temporelle à tout l'océan Atlantique. Nous ajoutons ensuite la composante spatiale et proposons une structure d'ordre deux, séparable, basée sur le produit d'une covariance temporelle et d'une covariance spatiale ani- sotrope. Les paramètres de cette dernière sont estimés sur l'océan Atlantique à partir de techniques géostatistiques usuelles et forment un atlas pertinent pour les océanographes. Fi- nalement, nous montrons que l'apport de l'information spatiale augmente le pouvoir prédictif du modèle.

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35

Doerenbecher, Alexis. "Etude de l'optimisation d'un système d'observation adaptatif pour l'amélioration de la prévision des dépressions météorologiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266577.

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Анотація:

La prévision des cyclogenèses rapides par des modèles numériques reste un problème délicat, même à courte échéance (1-2 jours). Pour répondre à ce problème compté parmi les thèmes de recherche et objectifs scientifiques de la campagne FASTEX, le ciblage des observations doit améliorer la description de l'état initial des prévisions grâce au déploiement d'observations supplémentaires. La campagne FASTEX fut la première mise en £uvre expérimentale du ciblage au cours de laquelle les observations ciblées ont été déployées sur des zones géographiques dites sensibles calculées à l'avance.
Les zones sensibles de FASTEX, calculées avec les techniques issues des modèles linéaire et adjoint d'un modèle de prévision numérique, prennent en compte les propriétés dynamiques de l'atmosphère.

Cependant, l'efficacité du ciblage dépend beaucoup du système d'assimilation des données utilisé. Afin de reformuler une technique de ciblage utilisant le modèle adjoint, on a développé une approche dite de sensibilité aux observations. Ce calcul linéaire tient compte des caractéristiques de toutes les observations en présence et de la façon dont elles vont être assimilées. La formulation de la sensibilité d'un aspect de la prévision aux observations est basée sur le calcul de l'adjoint de l'opérateur d'assimilation auquel est combiné un calcul avec l'adjoint de la prévision. Cette technique a été développée dans un cadre quasi opérationnel avec l'algorithme 3D-Var d'ARPEGE.

La sensibilité aux observations permet, dans un contexte diagnostique, d'étudier de façon critique les déploiements d'observations adaptatives effectués durant la campagne FASTEX. Sur l'exemple de la POI17, l'étude de l'interaction des différents types d'observations qui interviennent dans l'assimilation (données conventionnelles et données ciblées) met en évidence des mécanismes complexes. Ces résultats éclairent le fonctionnement de l'impact des observations ciblées dans le système d'assimilation-prévision, ainsi que l'importance des valeurs observées pour l'impact final d'un jeu d'observations, qui explique l'effet parfois décevant de certains vols de FASTEX.
L'adjoint du système d'assimilation permet aussi de détecter des utilisations non optimales des observations ciblées dans le système 3D-Var. Le cas de la POI18 sert d'illustration pour une telle mise en £uvre de l'outil de la sensibilité aux observations. Cet outil révèle entre autres, la rusticité de la formulation des statistiques d'erreur de l'ébauche et d'observation modélisées pour ces données.

Ces résultats ont permis de proposer une nouvelle approche du ciblage dans un cadre pronostique. Cette approche est basée sur une simulation de la réduction de la variance d'erreur de prévision dans une direction instable. Cette technique prend en compte à la fois la dynamique de l'atmosphère, le système d'assimilation et les erreurs dans les conditions initiales (au sens statistique). Cette étude tend à définir une approche optimale du ciblage au sens où celui-ci maximise l'efficacité des observations additionnelles utilisées sous des contraintes pré-définies. Même si la vaste question de l'optimisation du ciblage reste trop ardue avec les outils d'investigation actuels, différentes techniques sub-optimales ont été proposées.

On a ainsi défini différentes stratégies de sélection de déploiements alternatifs qui ont été testées sur des situations de FASTEX. On montre ainsi la faisabilité de ces approches qui ouvrent la voie vers une formulation de techniques de ciblage plus optimales.

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36

Berthet, Lionel. "Prévision des crues au pas de temps horaire : pour une meilleure assimilation de l'information de débit dans un modèle hydrologique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00529652.

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Анотація:

La modélisation hydrologique Pluie - Débit compte parmi les outils incontournables pour prévoir les crues, car elle permet d'atteindre des horizons plus lointains que de nombreuses autres méthodes. Pour tenter d'améliorer la qualité des prévisions, les hydrologues ont proposé de nombreuses approches d'assimilation de données. Cette thèse s'intéresse à un modèle Pluie - Débit fonctionnant au pas de temps horaire. Elle propose une comparaison de nombreuses méthodes de mise-à-jour de ce modèle par l'assimilation de la donnée de débit observé à l'exutoire du bassin versant, dans le but de fournir des prévisions de crue à des horizons allant de quelques heures à quelques jours. Les mises-à-jour étudiées portent sur les paramètres du modèle, ses états et ses sorties. Certaines sont déterministes, d'autres probabilistes. Ce travail a permis de mettre en avant l'interaction qui existe entre la structure du modèle hydrologique et les mises-à-jour. Ces deux éléments se caractérisent par des dynamiques temporelles différentes. Nos résultats plaident pour que le modèle soit considéré comme un tout et non comme la juxtaposition d'un modèle hydrologique et d'une procédure de mise-à-jour. Il nous paraît préférable d'optimiser la structure et de caler le modèle en tenant compte des mises-à-jour qui seront appliquées. Le modèle donnant les meilleures prévisions associe une structure hydrologique très proche de celle obtenue au pas de temps journalier et deux mises-à-jour du modèle, l'une modifiant un état crucial du modèle, l'autre corrigeant ses sorties par un réseau de neurones artificiels. Cette combinaison a été évaluée à l'aide d'une sélection de critères de performance adaptés à l'objectif du modèle, sur un vaste ensemble de bassins versants français. Ses performances sont robustes et se comparent favorablement à d'autres modèles de prévision.

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37

SINGH, GOPAL. "REALIZATION OF FRACTIONAL ORDER ANALOG UNIVERSAL FILTERs." Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18025.

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Fractional order circuits incorporating fractional calculus concept have various applications in many fields namely, bio-medical engineering, control system, analog signal processing/generation, etc. In the present dissertation, along with a brief review of different methods of approximations used for the fractional order differentiator and integrator operator, fractional order analog universal filter circuits using operational transconductance amplifier and LT 1228 ICs have been presented. The workability of all the fractional order filter circuits along with fractional operator have been verified through PSPICE simulation and MATLAB simulation. Also, stability of all the designed fractional order filters have been discussed briefly.

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38

Weng, Ro-Min, and 翁若敏. "The Design of New Current-Mode Universal Filters." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39434726305660263492.

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Анотація:

博士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
87
This dissertation focuses on the design of universal biquadratic filters using current-mode amplifiers such as current conveyors (CCs), current followers (CFs) and current-feedback amplifiers (CFAs). The proposed current-mode universal filters are based on circuit structures with single-input terminal and three-output terminals (SITO). On the other hand, the proposed voltage-mode universal filters are based on circuit structures with three-input terminals and single-output terminal (TISO). The presented configurations provide the following advantages: (i) The highpass, bandpass, lowpass, notch and allpass filtering functions can be realized without changing circuit topology and elements. (ii) The active and passive sensitivities of the new filters are extremely low and are independent of quality factors. (iii) There are no component-matching conditions needed for the new universal filters. The main aim of this thesis would be less number of active and passive elements required for the new universal filters. To minimize the number of active elements as well as passive elements will significantly reduce the chip area of the integrated circuits. In addition, the passive elements, resistors and capacitors, are chosen to be grounded in order to fabricate the integrated circuits. PSPICE Simulation and experimental results that confirm the theoretical analysis are obtained for the proposed universal filters.

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39

LIN, TAI-JUNG, and 林岱融. "Design of DDCCTA-Based Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filters." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y25w9t.

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Анотація:

碩士
明志科技大學
電子工程系碩士班
105
Analogue filters are crucial circuit blocks in analogue signal processing, and various active components have been proposed in their implementation. The potential applications and advantages of realizing voltage-mode biquadratic filters by using differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (DDCCTAs) have received considerable attention. DDCCTA has a transconductance stage at its back-end and hence it can tune the circuit parameters electronically. In this thesis, three DDCCTA-based voltage-mode universal biquadratic filters are proposed. The first proposed DDCCTA-based voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter uses two DDCCTAs, two grounded capacitors and two resistors with single input and five outputs. The circuit has the advantage of high-input impedance terminal, the simultaneous realization of lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandreject and allpass filtering responses from the same topology, the use of only grounded capacitors attractive for integration and absorbing shunt parasitic capacitance, and low passive sensitivity performance. The second proposed DDCCTA-based voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter uses one DDCCTA, two grounded capacitors and two resistors. The proposed configuration can be used as either a high-input impedance single-input four-output multifunction filter or three-input four-output universal filter. The circuit permits orthogonal controllability of the quality factor and resonance angular frequency and enjoys low active and passive sensitivity performances. The third proposed DDCCTA-based voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter uses one DDCCTA, two grounded capacitors and three resistors. The circuit simultaneously provides voltage-mode lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandreject and allpass filtering responses, permits orthogonal controllability of the quality factor and resonance angular frequency, and still enjoys low active and passive sensitivity performances. Finally, we use simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed filters scheme and the experimental results with TSMC 0.18µm 1P6M process technology are used to confirm the last of two proposed circuit. The simulation and experimental results agree well with the theoretical anticipation.

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40

Chian, Chih Chan, and 簡志展. "Design of universal current-mode filters using current conveyors." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63842941243932953196.

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Анотація:

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
81
The current-mode circuits have the advantages of higher signal bandwidths,greater linearity,larger dynamic range and lower power dissipation.So the current-mode circuits have been received considerable attentation.In this paper,we propose four universal current-mode filters with 1) three inputs and one output, 2) single input and single output, 3) one input and three outputs and 4) a single current conveyor.The 1) , 2) and 3) offer a number of advantages, which are 1.wide bandwidth, 2.ω。and Ｑ have low passive sensitivities, 3.obtain HP,LP,BP, Notch and AP transfer function from the presented circuits, 4.ω 。and Ｑ are independently ( or orthogonally ) adjustable, 5.high output impedance, 6.the use of grounded passive elements, 7.suitable for Nth-order filters. The 4) gives the advantages of above 1. , 2. and 3. in additation to ω。and ω 。/ Ｑ to be orthogonally adjustable. The PSPICE simulation results are very close to the theoretic values. Moreover,we present a method for transfering the circuits from current mode to transimpedance mode, transadmittance mode and voltage mode.

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41

Liao, Yi-Zhen, and 廖宜楨. "Study of VLSI Architecture Design for Analog Universal Biquad Filters." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pz4vu6.

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Анотація:

博士
國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
98
In this dissertation, active elements such as Differential Difference Current Conveyor (DDCC), Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA), and Fully Differential Second-generator Current Conveyor (FDCCII) are used to design five kinds of biquad filter. First, a voltage-mode (VM) circuit is designed by using three DDCCs, three OTAs and two capacitors. It can realize low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass filters simultaneously. The operating frequency can be up to 500 KHz with power consumption of 23.69mW. The chip area of the analog filter is 0.916mm2. For the second design, the high input impedance voltage-mode biquad filter is presented, which employs one DDCC, two OTAs and two grounded capacitors. It can realize three kinds of filter response including low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filters from the same configuration. The power consumption is 83mW and the chip area is 0.822mm2. Both of the biquad filters have the same advantages such as low sensitivity, no requirements for component matching conditions, no floating effects and any resistors, also the operating frequency can be adjusted easily. The third filter design employs two DDCCs, two resistors and two capacitors. It can realize low-pass, high-pass, positive band-pass and negative band-pass filters simultaneously. The power dissipation is 229.7μW and the chip area is 0.79mm2. Besides having advantages of low sensitivity and no matching conditions, this design has further advantages such as having no floating effects and has simply architecture. The fourth design used only five OTAs and two capacitors for the mixed-mode biquad filter. It can realize the voltage, current, trans-conductance, and trans-resistance mode filter responses. The advantages of the circuit are low sensitivity, the parameters and are orthogonally adjustable and the grounded capacitors can reduce the floating effects. The power dissipation is 30.95mW and the chip area is 0.823mm2. The final design uses one FDCCII, two capacitors and two resistors for the voltage mode biquad filter. The filter with two inputs and four outputs can perform simultaneous realization of voltage-mode band-reject, high-pass, band-pass and low-pass filter signals from the four output terminals, respectively. On the other hand, it also can act as a universal voltage-mode filter with three inputs and a single output and can realize five generic voltage-mode filter signals without any inverting input voltage signal and component-matching conditions. The H-SPICE simulations of five filters are with TSMC 0.35μm CMOS 2P4M process and TSMC 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M technology process respectively and Matlab was used to compare the theoretical results with the simulation. Finally, most of filter circuits have been implemented and measured.

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42

Cheng, Hsi-chih, and 程希智. "The Design of New Universal Biquadratic Filters Using Current Conveyors." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77902434105414325961.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學系
85
This dissertation has focused on the design of universalbiquadratic filters using current conveyors as active components, and has attempted to minimize the numbers of active and passive components used. There are four major parts. The first part（chapter 2、chapter 3）is to introduce the current conveyorsand universal biquadratic filters. In the second part（ chapter 4）, two new current-mode universal biquadratic filters with 3 inputs and 1 output is proposed. In the third part（ chapter 5）, two newcurrent-mode universal biquadratic filters with 1 input and 3 outputs is proposed. In the fourth part（ chapter 6）, a new voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with 3 inputs and 1 output is proposed. In each part, second- generation current conveyorsare used as active components in the proposed circuits, and all circuits proposed achieve the goal of using fewer components . Also experiments have been conducted to verify the theoretical work.

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43

Chen, Wei-Chun, and 陳葦峻. "Design of Universal Biquadratic Filters Using a Single Current Conveyor." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27958537798772836607.

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Анотація:

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
89
Abstract In this paper, we successfully present six new universal current/voltage-mode biquads with three inputs and a single output (but only one structure is four inputs and one output.) employing a single current-mode active device such as second-generation current conveyor (CCII), current follower (CF), third-generation current conveyor (CCIII) and differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC). All universal current/voltage-mode biquads can realize five different generic filtering signals from the same configuration. First, some universal single-CCII-based current/voltage-mode filters are presented. The proposed universal current-mode biquad can realize the low-pass and band-pass filtering signals from the same configuration without any component matching conditions. Two grounded resistors are used in the design with cascadability. On the other hand, the proposed universal voltage-mode biquad can realize the band-pass filtering signal without any component matching conditions. One grounded resistor good for adjustment is used in the design. Secondly, we propose the universal single-CF-based voltage-mode filter which can realize the band-pass filtering signal without any component matching conditions. Then, we propose the universal current/voltage-mode biquads using a single CCIII. The proposed current-mode one can realize the band-pass and high-pass filtering signals without any component matching conditions. Two grounded capacitors ideal for integration are used in the design with cascadability. The proposed voltage-mode can realize the band-pass filtering signal without any component matching conditions. And then, we employ a single DVCC with two capacitors and two resistors to construct a new universal voltage-mode biquad. The network can realize band-pass filtering signal without any component matching conditions. Two grounded capacitors and one grounded resistor ideal for integration are used in the design. Based on the device intrinsic characteristics, the circuit is the simplest structure with the minimum components and can work in high frequency range. Finally, the results of simulations using the Pspise 8.0 version and Matlab 4.0 version on personal computer AMD-450 CPU are obtained to confirm the theoretical predictions.

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44

Chen, Ching-Chi, and 陳鏡吉. "Design of universal current-mode biquadratic filters employing current conveyors." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13652654007482593470.

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Анотація:

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
89
Abstract Firstly, one universal current-mode biquad with three inputs and one output using only two second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs), two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors is presented. The proposed circuit has the following advantageous features: simultaneous realization of lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass biquad signals from the same configuration, no requirement of critical component matching conditions, employment of two grounded capacitor ideal for integration, orthogonal control of ω /Q and ω , low sensitivity performance and cascadability. Secondly, we proposed a universal current-mode biquad with three/single inputs and single/three outputs using three CCIIs. The proposed circuit doesn’t need any inverting-type input current signals and has the same advantageous features of the first one. Thirdly, a new universal current-mode biquad with two/three inputs and three/one outputs using three second-generation current controlled conveyors CCCIIS has been presented. The proposed circuit doesn’t empoly any passive resistors and has the same advantageous features of the second one. Note, Q and ω are orthogonal control. Lastly, we employ the one differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC), two grounded capacitors and two resistors to design a very simple universal current-mode biquad with three inputs and one output.

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45

Lin, Yi-Chuan, and 林益全. "Design and Analysis of Universal Voltage-Mode Filters Employing CFA." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86029512764198311081.

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Анотація:

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
96
In analogy filter circuit design, the accuracy of output signal takes the most importance in electrical circuits where the first priority is to operate the output signal in the desired frequency. However, for output accuracy and circuit compensation often complicate the electrical circuits. With the improvement in technologies, electrical circuits not only require output accuracy but also emphasized the simplicity in order achieve cost down and higher competitiveness for these are the essential elements in circuit design. It has been verified that the circuits constructed by active current mode elements have the advantage of higher signal bandwidths, larger dynamic range, greater linearity, less power dissipation and simpler circuit structure. So, the circuits which are designed by employing the current conveyor and the current feedback amplifier have been received considerable attention recently. The realization of the second-order universal (low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-reject, and all-pass) active-voltage filter using a single minus-type current feedback amplifier (CFA), two capacitors, and two resistors is proposed in this thesis. Compared with the published paper, the circuit offers the following advantageous features: The proposed circuit uses a single CFA, two resistors and capacitors. No requirement of circuit component matches conditions. It can simultaneously realize low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, notch and all-pass filter signals. And less power consumption, simpler circuit structure, reduce the noise and cost, low active and passive sensitivities ideal for integration. We can make the simulation result much closer to the ideal one in accordance with the passive sensitivities. Finally, the simulation results validate and the theory predictions of the proposed circuit are verified very well by using TSMC035 H-spice simulation.

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46

Chiu, Wei-Yuan, and 邱偉元. "Design of Universal Biquad Filters employing Differential Difference Current Conveyors." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12558006930967666382.

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Анотація:

博士
中原大學
電子工程研究所
99
To obtain various filter functions simultaneously in the same circuit topology will increase the usefulness and reduce the cost of the circuit. Traditionally, the KHN biquad can obtain the high-pass, band-pass and low-pass signals in the same circuit topology. So KHN biquads have received much attention and the scholars have researched on this topic for a long time. However, the KHN biquad can only obtain the high-pass, band-pass and low-pass signals. In order to gain more filter signals, the concept of universal biquad is presented. The universal biquad is a biquadratic filter which can obtain the high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, notch and all-pass signals simultaneously, in the same circuit topology. From the viewpoint of the practicability, the universal biquad is better than the KHN biquad. For this reason, many universal biquad circuits are proposed in the recent years. However, these circuits are not the most simplified and require critical component matching conditions to realize the all-pass signals. Recently, the Differential Difference Current Conveyor (DDCC) as active elements received great attention due to higher signal bandwidth, wider dynamic range, greater linearity, lower power consumption, and simpler circuitry over the voltage-mode op-amps. For above reasons, this thesis focuses on the design of the voltage-mode universal biquad filters; twenty-eight new circuits are presented in chapter 4. The proposed universal circuits have the following features: high input impedance, using grounded capacitors, using the minimum passive components and realization of all the standard filter functions, that is, high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, notch, and all-pass filters simultaneously without component matching conditions. To verify the theoretical analysis, these proposed circuits were simulated using HSPICE with TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.) 0.18μm, level 49 CMOS technology process parameters. All simulation results are coherent with the theoretical analyses.

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47

LAI, WEI-HAN, and 賴威翰. "Implementation and Application of Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filters and Quadrature Oscillator." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27c4gw.

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Анотація:

碩士
明志科技大學
電子工程系碩士班
107
In this thesis, three voltage-mode biquadratic filters and a voltage-mode quadrature oscillator based on differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (DDCCTAs) are proposed. The first proposed circuit uses two DDCCTAs, two grounded capacitors, and two grounded resistors. The use of grounded resistors and capacitors makes the proposed circuit ideal for integrated circuit (IC) implementation. The circuit simultaneously provides low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP), and band-reject (BR) filtering responses, while the all-pass (AP) filtering response can be easily obtained by adding an input voltage signal. The circuit permits high-input impedance and offers orthogonal controllability of the quality factor (Q) and resonance angular frequency (ωo). Besides, a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator with independent control of the condition of oscillation and the oscillation frequency is second proposed by modifying the first proposed voltage-mode biquadratic filter. The second proposed oscillator provides two quadrature voltage outputs and one high-impedance amplitude-tunable current output. The oscillator can be used to provide an amplitude modulation (AM) or an amplitude shift keying signals, when the input bias current of first DDCCTA is used a modulating signal. The AM/ASK signals are widely used in communication systems. The third proposed circuit uses two DDCCTAs, two grounded capacitors, and three grounded resistors. The proposed circuit simultaneously provides voltage-mode LP, BP, HP, BR, and AP filtering responses at high-input impedance terminal, which enable easy cascadeability. No critical component-matching conditions are required, and the Q and the ωo of the circuit can be orthogonally tuned. The four proposed circuit uses a single DDCCTA combined with two grounded capacitors and three resistors that can simultaneously realize LP, BP, HP, BR, and AP filtering responses from the same configuration. The circuit also enjoys orthogonal controllable of Q and the ωo. Finally, this thesis conducted simulations for the proposed circuits using Hspice and Spectre for verifying their feasibility.

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48

Li, Ming Hsu, and 李明旭. "Design of universal biquadratic filters using current conveyor( s) and voltage follower(s)." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87025553672523094416.

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Анотація:

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
83
The current mode active device is playing an increasingly im- portant role in the development of many new high performance circuits. In this paper, We present universal biquadratic fi- lters using current conveyors and voltage followers or current feedback amplifiers which have a very wide bandwidth independent of closed loop gain. The proposed universal active filters by using the nullator- norator approach are: 1. A universal voltage-mode second-order filter with three in- puts and one output employing three current conveyors and one voltage follower, 2. A universal voltage-mode second-order filter with three in- puts and one output employing three current feedback amplifiers, 3. A universal voltage-mode second- order filter with three in- puts and one output employing one current conveyor and one volt- age follower, 4. A universal voltage-mode second-order filter with one input and three outputs employing three current conveyors and three voltage followers, and 5. A universal voltage-mode second-order filter with one input and three outputs employing four current feedback amplifiers. They offer the following advantageous features:1. realisation of lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass signals from the same configurations, 2. low active and passive sensitivities , 3. cascadability（except the third circuit）. Some of the above circuits have the attractive advantages: no requirements for component matching conditions, and orthogonal control of w and Q. Finally, we use the AD844 to verify the theoretical predic- tions of the proposed circuits.

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49

huang, tzu-hao, and 黃子豪. "Design of Universal Biquadratic Filters with a Single Second-Generation Current Controlled Conveyor." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91643325540301900726.

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Анотація:

碩士
中原大學
電機工程研究所
96
In the past circuit to reach output signal accuracy, usually increase many element reduce the disadvantage in circuit original. This result cause the circuit become complex. The major problem of non-accuracy output signal is parasitic effect, it means that integrated circuit (IC) have parasitic capacitance and leak current in wire to wire. This thesis research is how to reduce parasitic effect to lowest. There are active element, capacitance and inductance in present integrated circuit, although inductance in integrated has be researched, but its speed can not approach reduction in IC process. Today is how to reduce the parasitic effect of resistance, capacitance and active element. If active element have two input, but the design circuit only need one input, it have no need for two input element. Chose small active element can reduce parasitic effect. If resistance floating, two terminal have parasitic effect, ground resistance have parasitic effect in one terminal, capacitance are the same. Chose ground capacitance and ground resistance with parasitic capacitance and parasitic resistance in the same terminal can reduce parasitic effect. It have parasitic effect in circuit terminal, so design in a few terminal can get low parasitic effect. According to above, using a few element to achieve output signal accurate is the goal in this thesis. In recent of years, using current conveyor design active filters have been attended and researched by international academician. In this is, design three input and one output universal active current-mode filter using second-generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII). This active element internal resistance, denoted by Rx, at the input terminal X can be varied by tuning its bias current. It can reduce area in integrated circuit implementation. In three input and one output, we propose a single second-generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII), two grounded capacitors, and one resistor design current-mode universal biquadratic filter in this paper. This circuit has achieved the five following important advantages: (i) no component matching conditions, (ii) using least capacitance and resistance in biquadratic circuit, (iii) grounded capacitors have lowest noise, (iv)can realize on low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-reject, and all-pass filters in the same structure, (v) very low active and passive element sensitivity, (vi) orthogonal control of and Q, (vii) lowest power consumption, (viii) lowest noise, (ix) lowest area in integrated circuit implementation, (x) have good cost down. Finally, the simulation results validate and the theory predictions of the proposed circuit are verified very well by using TSMC035 H-spice simulation with supply voltage ±1.65V.

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50

Lo, Jen-Hung, and 羅仁宏. "Design of Universal Current-Mode Biquadratic Filters Using a Single Differential Voltage Current Conveyor." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25450937341499685974.

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Анотація:

碩士
中原大學
電子工程研究所
96
Abstract The goals of circuit design are accurate output signals and the low cost. To reach the goals, we can find that using the least active components, resistors, capacitors and let the components as far as possible grounded will make the output be accurate. On the other hand, in order to cost down, the counts of components used in the circuit should be the least. Besides, the advantages of reduced components are the low power consumption, the less noise of circuits made, the less parasitic effect and the small chip area. According to the above goals, this paper expects to design filters with the minimum active and passive components. In this paper, a new current-mode universal biquadratic filter employing a single differential voltage current conveyor, two grounded capacitors, and two floating resistors is presented. The circuit can realize the function of universal filter (namely, low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-reject, and all-pass) with the minimum active and passive components. Compare with the expectation, we can find that this circuit conforms to the low power consumption, the less noise and the small chip area. Although the parasitic effect caused by the parasitic conductance is not the least, the accuracy of the output still maintains the high level because of the minimum components used in the circuit. Moreover, the cost of this circuit is down, the circuit conforms to the current of the circuit design. The simulation of this paper uses H-spice with TSMC035 process to obtain the results. From the simulation results, it can verify that the circuit enjoys the following advantages: (i) high filter performance (ii) wide frequency range (iii) low sensitivity. This paper also considers the non-ideal effect, and proposes that using tuning method to improve this circuit. After tuning, the frequency error of this circuit is very small, so this method can improve the accuracy of the circuit. Compared with the theoretical, the simulation results are close to the theoretical. The circuit would be beneficial to apply in the future.

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