Статті в журналах з теми "Uniform metric system"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Uniform metric system.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Uniform metric system".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Ahmadi, Seyyed. "Shadowing, ergodic shadowing and uniform spaces." Filomat 31, no. 16 (2017): 5117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1716117a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce and study the topological concepts of ergodic shadowing, chain transitivity and topological ergodicity for dynamical systems on non-compact non-metrizable spaces. These notions generalize the relevant concepts for metric spaces. We prove that a dynamical system with topological ergodic shadowing property is topologically chain transitive, and that topological chain transitivity together with topological shadowing property implies topological ergodicity.
2
Fry, Edward W. S., Sophie Triantaphillidou, Robin B. Jenkin, Ralph E. Jacobson, and John R. Jarvis. "Noise Power Spectrum Scene-Dependency in Simulated Image Capture Systems." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 9 (January 26, 2020): 345–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.9.iqsp-345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) is a standard measure for image capture system noise. It is derived traditionally from captured uniform luminance patches that are unrepresentative of pictorial scene signals. Many contemporary capture systems apply nonlinear content-aware signal processing, which renders their noise scene-dependent. For scene-dependent systems, measuring the NPS with respect to uniform patch signals fails to characterize with accuracy: i) system noise concerning a given input scene, ii) the average system noise power in real-world applications. The sceneand- process-dependent NPS (SPD-NPS) framework addresses these limitations by measuring temporally varying system noise with respect to any given input signal. In this paper, we examine the scene-dependency of simulated camera pipelines in-depth by deriving SPD-NPSs from fifty test scenes. The pipelines apply either linear or non-linear denoising and sharpening, tuned to optimize output image quality at various opacity levels and exposures. Further, we present the integrated area under the mean of SPD-NPS curves over a representative scene set as an objective system noise metric, and their relative standard deviation area (RSDA) as a metric for system noise scene-dependency. We close by discussing how these metrics can also be computed using scene-and-processdependent Modulation Transfer Functions (SPD-MTF).
3
BARLOS, FOTIOS, and OPHIR FRIEDER. "JOIN WORKLOAD PARTITIONING UNDER UNIFORM AND SKEWED INPUT RELATIONS." Parallel Processing Letters 04, no. 01n02 (June 1994): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626494000119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parallel Join algorithms partition the workload into buckets and assign each bucket to a node of the multiprocessor system. The existing algorithms use the volume of the load as a metric to determine the bucket boundaries. When the input relations exhibit a high degree of skew, the above metric does not achieve uniform partitioning. We propose a new method to partition the workload of the Join operation that guarantees near equal execution time of the created buckets. We present results obtained from the Intel 1860 hypercube system that support our theory.
4
LI, DESHENG, and P. E. KLOEDEN. "EQUI-ATTRACTION AND THE CONTINUOUS DEPENDENCE OF PULLBACK ATTRACTORS ON PARAMETERS." Stochastics and Dynamics 04, no. 03 (September 2004): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493704001061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The equi-attraction properties of uniform pullback attractors [Formula: see text] of nonautonomous dynamical systems (θ,ϕλ) with a parameter λ∈Λ, where Λ is a compact metric space, are investigated; here θ is an autonomous dynamical system on a compact metric space P which drives the cocycle ϕλon a complete metric state space X. In particular, under appropriate regularity conditions, it is shown that the equi-attraction of the family [Formula: see text] uniformly in p∈P is equivalent to the continuity of the setvalued mappings [Formula: see text] in λ with respect to the Hausdorff metric on the nonempty compact subsets of X.
5
Agop, Maricel, Tudor-Cristian Petrescu, Dumitru Filipeanu, Claudia Elena Grigoraș-Ichim, Ana Iolanda Voda, Andrei Zala, Lucian Dobreci, Constantin Baciu, and Decebal Vasincu. "Toward Complex Systems Dynamics through Flow Regimes of Multifractal Fluids." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the framework of the Multifractal Theory of Motion, which is expressed by means of the multifractal hydrodynamic model, complex system dynamics are explained through uniform and non-uniform flow regimes of multifractal fluids. Thus, in the case of the uniform flow regime of the multifractal fluid, the dynamics’ description is “supported” only by the differentiable component of the velocity field, the non-differentiable component being null. In the case of the non-uniform flow regime of the multifractal fluid, the dynamics’ description is “supported” by both components of the velocity field, their ratio specifying correlations through homographic transformations. Since these transformations imply metric geometries explained, for example, by means of Killing–Cartan metrics of the SL(2R)-type algebra, of the set of 2 × 2 matrices with real elements, and because these metrics can be “produced” as Cayleyan metrics of absolute geometries, the dynamics’ description is reducible, based on a minimal principle, to harmonic mappings from the usual space to the hyperbolic space. Such a conjecture highlights not only various scenarios of dynamics’ evolution but also the types of interactions “responsible” for these scenarios. Since these types of interactions become fundamental in the self-structuring processes of polymeric-type materials, finally, the theoretical model is calibrated based on the author’s empirical data, which refer to controlled drug release applications.
6
Olshevskyi, M. S. "Metric properties of Cayley graphs of alternating groups." Carpathian Mathematical Publications 13, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 545–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/cmp.13.2.545-581.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A well known diameter search problem for finite groups with respect to its systems of generators is considered. The problem can be formulated as follows: find the diameter of a group over its system of generators. The diameter of a group over a specific system of generators is the diameter of the corresponding Cayley graph.
It is considered alternating groups with classic irreducible system of generators consisting of cycles with length three of the form $(1,2,k)$. The main part of the paper concentrates on analysis how even permutations decompose with respect to this system of generators. The rules for moving generators from permutation's decomposition from left to right and from right to left are introduced. These rules give rise for transformations of decompositions, that do not increase their lengths. They are applied for removing fixed points of a permutation, that were included in its decomposition. Based on this rule the stability of system of generators is proved. The strict growing property of the system of generators is also proved, as the corollary of transformation rules and the stability property.
It is considered homogeneous theory, that was introduced in the previous author's paper. For the series of alternating groups with systems of generators mentioned above it is shown that this series is uniform and homogeneous. It makes possible to apply the homogeneous down search algorithm to compute the diameter. This algorithm is applied and exact values of diameters for alternating groups of degree up to 43 are computed.
7
Ahsanullah, T. M. G., and Gunther Jäger. "Quantale-Valued Uniformizations of Quantale-Valued Generalizations of Approach Groups." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 15, no. 03 (October 7, 2019): 517–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005719500303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce the categories of quantale-valued approach uniform spaces and quantale-valued uniform gauge spaces, and prove that they are topological categories. We first show that the category of quantale-valued uniform gauge spaces is a full bireflective subcategory of the category of quantale-valued approach uniform spaces and; second, we prove that only under strong restrictions on the quantale these two categories are isomorphic. Besides presenting embeddings of the category of quantale-valued metric spaces into the categories of quantale-valued approach uniform spaces as well as quantale-valued uniform gauge spaces, we show that every quantale-valued approach system group and quantale-valued gauge group has a natural underlying quantale-valued approach uniform space, respectively, a quantale-valued uniform gauge space.
8
Грицюк, Ю. І., and Т. О. Муха. "Methods of determination of quality of software." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 30, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36930/40300127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Developed modern software tool for determining the quality of software (SW) techniques metric analysis. The software allows you to use quality metrics to calculate the corresponding metric and determine the value of the complex index of quality software product. Clarified the quality assessment process, software analyzes the concept of the quality of the software product as an object of standardization and quality levels of performance models of the software. This allowed the opportunity to improve the quality of software by generating the relevant requirements of the criteria for quality evaluation. It is also possible to make the improvement of the metric analysis of models of its quality and its quantitative measurement methods in all phases of a software project. It was revealed that the driving force behind the success of software projects is the desire of their leaders to develop such software, which would have a certain value. It should be important for certain tasks or to achieve tactical and strategic objectives. The value of the software can be expressed in the form of its value, or in some other form. The customer usually has their own idea of the maximum cost of investing in the development of software. These funds profit it expects to achieve in the case of the main goals of using the software. It can also have a vision of the functionality of software and certain expectations of its quality. The features of the use of the metric analysis for determining the quality of the software, revealed the lack of uniform standards for the metric. Therefore, each supplier of its measurement system offers its own methods of evaluating the quality of software and associated metrics. Also it is challenging the interpretation of metric values, since for the majority of users of its software metrics and their values are not absolutely clear and informative. It was found that the main parameters of the choice of an embodiment of the software is its cost, the duration of the development process and the reputation of the designer of the company. But the decisions taken on the basis of these parameters, not always guarantee proper quality of the software.
9
Ozturk, Mustafa C., Dongming Xu, and José C. Príncipe. "Analysis and Design of Echo State Networks." Neural Computation 19, no. 1 (January 2007): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.1.111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The design of echo state network (ESN) parameters relies on the selection of the maximum eigenvalue of the linearized system around zero (spectral radius). However, this procedure does not quantify in a systematic manner the performance of the ESN in terms of approximation error. This article presents a functional space approximation framework to better understand the operation of ESNs and proposes an information-theoretic metric, the average entropy of echo states, to assess the richness of the ESN dynamics. Furthermore, it provides an interpretation of the ESN dynamics rooted in system theory as families of coupled linearized systems whose poles move according to the input signal dynamics. With this interpretation, a design methodology for functional approximation is put forward where ESNs are designed with uniform pole distributions covering the frequency spectrum to abide by the richness metric, irrespective of the spectral radius. A single bias parameter at the ESN input, adapted with the modeling error, configures the ESN spectral radius to the input-output joint space. Function approximation examples compare the proposed design methodology versus the conventional design.
10
Amadid, Jamal, Abdelfettah Belhabib, Asma Khabba, Zakaria El Ouadi, and Abdelouhab Zeroual. "Channel Estimation Evaluation For a Massive MIMO System Considering Spatially Correlated Channels in an Urban Network." E3S Web of Conferences 351 (2022): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235101055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Channel estimation (CE) is an important process that is done during the pilot transmission phase in each base station. This work addresses this process for the massive multiple-input multiple-output systems by studying the scenario where the channels are spatially correlated. Throughout this work, the spatial correlation between channels is modeled using the exponential correlation model. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator’s performance for uncorrelated and correlated channels is compared and examined using the normalized mean square error (NMSE) metric, where the correlated scenario is presented through two array designs, namely proposed uniform planar array (UPA) and uniform linear array (ULA). In comparison to the uncorrelated situation, the correlated channels scenario is a more practical scenario that represents the real- world environment and provides superior channel estimate quality since the spatial correlation is advantageous for CE. Hence, we proposed a proposed UPA arrangement for correlated channels based on the Kronecker product of the ULA arrangement that outperforms the ULA arrangement and offers superior performance comparedto ULA. Numerical results are offered in order to support our analytical study.
11
Wu, Xinxing, Xianfeng Ding, Tianxiu Lu, and Jianjun Wang. "Topological Dynamics of Zadeh’s Extension on Upper Semi-Continuous Fuzzy Sets." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27, no. 10 (September 2017): 1750165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127417501656.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, some characterizations are obtained on the transitivity, mildly mixing property, a-transitivity, equicontinuity, uniform rigidity and proximality of Zadeh’s extensions restricted on some invariant closed subsets of all upper semi-continuous fuzzy sets in the level-wise metric. In particular, it is proved that a dynamical system is weakly mixing (resp., mildly mixing, weakly mixing and a-transitive, equicontinuous, uniformly rigid) if and only if the corresponding Zadeh’s extension is transitive (resp., mildly mixing, a-transitive, equicontinuous, uniformly rigid).
12
Dain, Stephen John, Catherine Bridge, Mark Relf, Aldyfra Luhulima Lukman, Sarita Manandhar, and Mei Ying Boon. "Issues in specifying contrast in building elements for people with a visual disability." Work 70, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 1219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-205158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: Standards writers, national and international, have used different contrast calculations to set requirements in building elements for people with visual impairments. On the other hand, they have typically set a single requirement (30%) for specifying the minimum contrast. The systems are not linearly related and 30% means something rather different in each system. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comparison of the various scales in order to illustrate the differences caused by multiple scales with a single compliance value, recommend a single scale for universal adoption and, if a new measure is problematic for implementation, to recommend the most perceptually uniform of the present methods. METHODS: We use the contrast between combinations of 205 paint colours to illustrate the relationships between the measures. We use an internationally accepted scale, with equal perceptual steps, as a “gold standard” to identify the most perceptually uniform measurement scale in the existing methods. RESULTS: We show that Michelson contrast is the most perceptually uniform of the existing measurement scales. We show the contrasts in the proposed method that equate to the various current requirements. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that CIE Metric Lightness could be used as the contrast measure. Alternatively, Michelson contrast is the most perceptually linear of the current measurement scales.
13
Savchuk, A. M., and I. V. Sadovnichaya. "Spectral Analysis of One-Dimensional Dirac System with Summable Potential and Sturm- Liouville Operator with Distribution Coefficients." Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions 66, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 373–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2413-3639-2020-66-3-373-530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We consider one-dimensional Dirac operatorLP,U with Birkhoff regular boundary conditions and summable potential P(x) on[0, ]. We introduce strongly and weakly regular operators. In both cases, asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues are found. In these formulas, we obtain main asymptotic terms and estimates for the second term. We specify these estimates depending on the functional class of the potential: Lp[0,] with p [1,2] and the Besov space Bp,p'[0,] with p [1,2] and (0,1/p). Additionally, we prove that our estimates are uniform on balls Pp,R Then we get asymptotic formulas for normalized eigenfunctions in the strongly regular case with the same residue estimates in uniform metric on x [0,]. In the weakly regular case, the eigenvalues 2n and 2n+1 are asymptotically close and we obtain similar estimates for two-dimensional Riesz projectors. Next, we prove the Riesz basis property in the space (L2[0,])2 for a system of eigenfunctions and associated functions of an arbitrary strongly regular operatorLP,U. In case of weak regularity, the Riesz basicity of two-dimensional subspaces is proved.
In parallel with theLP,U operator, we consider the SturmLiouville operator Lq,U generated by the differential -y'' + q(x)y expressionwith distribution potential q of first-order singularity (i.e., we assume that the primitive u = q(1) belongs to L2[0, ]) and Birkhoff-regular boundary conditions. We reduce to this case -(1y')'+i(y)'+iy'+0y, operators of more general form where '1,,0(-1)L2and 10. For operator Lq,U, we get the same results on the asymptotics of eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and basicity as for operator LP,U .
Then, for the Dirac operator LP,U, we prove that the Riesz basis constant is uniform over the ballsPp,R for p1 or 0. The problem of conditional basicity is naturally generalized to the problem
of equiconvergence of spectral decompositions in various metrics. We prove the result on equiconvergence by varying three indices: fL[0,] (decomposable function), PL[0,] (potential), and Sm-Sm00,m in L[0,] (equiconvergence of spectral decompositions in the corresponding norm). In conclusion, we prove theorems on conditional and unconditional basicity of the system of eigenfunctions and associated functions of operator LP,U in the spaces L[0,],2, and in various Besov spaces Bp,q[0,].
14
Shah, Fiaz Hussain, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja, Fadi Al-Turjman, Fawad Zaman, and Xiaodong Yang. "Evolutionary Heuristic Computing Paradigm for 2D-DOA Estimation along Circular Array." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 30, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4851364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem has growing interest for the researcher investigating in system identification models arising in the field of digital signal processing, mobile communication, controls, and beamforming. In the presented work, evolutionary heuristic computing paradigm is presented for 2D-DOA estimation of plane waves impinging on uniform circular array. Performance metric of mean squared error is utilized as construction of a fitness function for the system, and the optimization strength of three methodologies, genetic algorithms (GAs), Pattern Search (PS), and integration of GAs with PS (GA-PS) is exploited for 2D-DOA estimation based on elevation as well as azimuth angles. Consistent precision, convergence, stability, and robustness of integrated heuristics of GA-PS are endorsed through outcomes of statistical observations.
15
AKIN, ETHAN, JOSEPH AUSLANDER, and ANIMA NAGAR. "Dynamics of induced systems." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 37, no. 7 (May 12, 2016): 2034–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2016.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we study the dynamical properties of actions on the space of compact subsets of the phase space. More precisely, if$X$is a metric space, let$2^{X}$denote the space of non-empty compact subsets of$X$provided with the Hausdorff topology. If$f$is a continuous self-map on$X$, there is a naturally induced continuous self-map$f_{\ast }$on$2^{X}$. Our main theme is the interrelation between the dynamics of$f$and$f_{\ast }$. For such a study, it is useful to consider the space${\mathcal{C}}(K,X)$of continuous maps from a Cantor set$K$to$X$provided with the topology of uniform convergence, and$f_{\ast }$induced on${\mathcal{C}}(K,X)$by composition of maps. We mainly study the properties of transitive points of the induced system$(2^{X},f_{\ast })$both topologically and dynamically, and give some examples. We also look into some more properties of the system$(2^{X},f_{\ast })$.
16
Wang, Bing-Qian, Zheng-Wen Long, Chao-Yun Long, and Shu-Rui Wu. "The study of a half-spin relativistic particle in the rotating cosmic string space–time." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 27 (September 27, 2018): 1850158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18501580.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a charged half-spin particle depicted by the Dirac equation in the presence of a uniform magnetic field and a mixed potential are analyzed in the rotating cosmic string space–time. In order to facilitate this study, we assume that the symmetrical center of the potential is on the string and the magnetic field is parallel to the string. Based on the functional analysis method, we obtain the energy eigenvalues for different physical situations. It shows that the energy levels of the system depend explicitly on the angular deficit [Formula: see text] and the rotational parameter [Formula: see text] which characterize the global structure of the metric in the space–time of the rotating cosmic string.
17
KOSYAKOV, B. P. "SELF-ACCELERATED UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 11 (April 30, 2005): 2459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05024778.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is widely believed that the large redshifts for distant supernovae are due to the vacuum energy dominance, which is responsible for the anti-gravitation effect. A tacit assumption is that particles move along geodesics for the background metric. This is in the same spirit as the consensus regarding the uniform Galilean motion of a free electron. However, apart from the Galilean solution, there is a self-accelerated solution to the Lorentz–Dirac equation governing the behavior of a radiating electron. Likewise, a runaway solution to the entire system of equations, both gravitation and matter equations of motion including, may exist, which provides an alternative explanation for the accelerated expansion of the Universe.
18
Santos, Eugene, and Yan Zhao. "Automatic Emergence Detection in Complex Systems." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3460919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Complex systems consist of multiple interacting subsystems, whose nonlinear interactions can result in unanticipated (emergent) system events. Extant systems analysis approaches fail to detect such emergent properties, since they analyze each subsystem separately and arrive at decisions typically through linear aggregations of individual analysis results. In this paper, we propose a quantitative definition of emergence for complex systems. We also propose a framework to detect emergent properties given observations of its subsystems. This framework, based on a probabilistic graphical model called Bayesian Knowledge Bases (BKBs), learns individual subsystem dynamics from data, probabilistically and structurally fuses said dynamics into a single complex system dynamics, and detects emergent properties. Fusion is the central element of our approach to account for situations when a common variable may have different probabilistic distributions in different subsystems. We evaluate our detection performance against a baseline approach (Bayesian Network ensemble) on synthetic testbeds from UCI datasets. To do so, we also introduce a method to simulate and a metric to measure discrepancies that occur with shared/common variables. Experiments demonstrate that our framework outperforms the baseline. In addition, we demonstrate that this framework has uniform polynomial time complexity across all three learning, fusion, and reasoning procedures.
19
Rinaudo, F., and V. Scolamiero. "COMPARISON OF MULTI-SOURCE DATA, INTEGRATED SURVEY FOR COMPLEX ARCHITECTURE DOCUMENTATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-625-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The metric documentation of architectural complexes requires today the use of several integrated survey methodologies. This need is an answer to the morphology of the object such as dimension, geometry, inaccessible areas and urban context. These properties inhibit the use of single surveying techniques and force the integration of Geomatics tools. In addition, the metric documentation of Cultural heritage objects not always requires uniform accuracy and resolution, therefore the integration of different surveying methodologies and techniques become the only effective solution both from a technical and economic point of view. The integration, that is today adopted as normal strategy, allows also the better understanding of the benefits which can arise to speed up the metric documentation of Cultural Heritage objects and the benefits that each of the possible surveying techniques can have thanks to the integration of the different potentialities. This study starting from an integrated survey, performed whit a combined use of Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and show the results of the comparisons between the possible achievable accuracies by using a correct integration between the different used technologies and the ones achievable by using the same techniques as independent tools.The case study is the architectural complex of the Ducal Palace in Gubbio (Italy), located upstream of the most important town square facing the cathedral in a very complex but realistic urban context.
20
Thomas, Simon D. A., Daniel C. Jones, Anita Faul, Erik Mackie, and Etienne Pauthenet. "Defining Southern Ocean fronts using unsupervised classification." Ocean Science 17, no. 6 (November 2, 2021): 1545–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1545-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Oceanographic fronts are transitions between thermohaline structures with different characteristics. Such transitions are ubiquitous, and their locations and properties affect how the ocean operates as part of the global climate system. In the Southern Ocean, fronts have classically been defined using a small number of continuous, circumpolar features in sea surface height or dynamic height. Modern observational and theoretical developments are challenging and expanding this traditional framework to accommodate a more complex view of fronts. Here, we present a complementary new approach for calculating fronts using an unsupervised classification method called Gaussian mixture modelling (GMM) and a novel inter-class parameter called the I-metric. The I-metric approach produces a probabilistic view of front location, emphasising the fact that the boundaries between water masses are not uniformly sharp across the entire Southern Ocean. The I-metric approach uses thermohaline information from a range of depth levels, making it more general than approaches that only use near-surface properties. We train the GMM using an observationally constrained state estimate in order to have more uniform spatial and temporal data coverage. The probabilistic boundaries defined by the I-metric roughly coincide with several classically defined fronts, offering a novel view of this structure. The I-metric fronts appear to be relatively sharp in the open ocean and somewhat diffuse near large topographic features, possibly highlighting the importance of topographically induced mixing. For comparison with a more localised method, we also use an edge detection approach for identifying fronts. We find a strong correlation between the edge field of the leading principal component and the zonal velocity; the edge detection method highlights the presence of jets, which are supported by thermal wind balance. This more localised method highlights the complex, multiscale structure of Southern Ocean fronts, complementing and contrasting with the more domain-wide view offered by the I-metric. The Sobel edge detection method may be useful for defining and tracking smaller-scale fronts and jets in model or reanalysis data. The I-metric approach may prove to be a useful method for inter-model comparison, as it uses the thermohaline structure of those models instead of tracking somewhat ad hoc values of sea surface height and/or dynamic height, which can vary considerably between models. In addition, the general I-metric approach allows front definitions to shift with changing temperature and salinity structures, which may be useful for characterising fronts in a changing climate.
21
Iorio, Lorenzo. "Solar System Motions and the Cosmological Constant:cmd="newline"A New Approach." Advances in Astronomy 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/268647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We use the corrections to the Newton-Einstein secular precessions of the longitudes of perihelia of some planets (Mercury, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) of the Solar System, phenomenologically estimated as solve-for parameters by the Russian astronomer E. V. Pitjeva in a global fit of almost one century of data with the EPM2004 ephemerides, in order to put on the test the expression for the perihelion precession induced by a uniform cosmological constant in the framework of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (or Kottler) space-time. We compare such an extra rate to the estimated corrections to the planetary perihelion precessions by taking their ratio for different pairs of planets instead of using one perihelion at a time for each planet separately, as done so far in literature. The answer is negative, even by further rescaling by a factor 10 (and even 100 for Saturn) the errors in the estimated extra precessions of the perihelia released by Pitjeva. Our conclusions hold also for any other metric perturbation having the same dependence on the spatial coordinates, as those induced by other general relativistic cosmological scenarios and by many modified models of gravity. Currently ongoing and planned interplanetary spacecraft-based missions should improve our knowledge of the planets' orbits allowing for more stringent constraints.
22
Carrión, Héctor, Mohammad Jafari, Michelle Dawn Bagood, Hsin-ya Yang, Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff, and Marcella Gomez. "Automatic wound detection and size estimation using deep learning algorithms." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): e1009852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009852.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evaluating and tracking wound size is a fundamental metric for the wound assessment process. Good location and size estimates can enable proper diagnosis and effective treatment. Traditionally, laboratory wound healing studies include a collection of images at uniform time intervals exhibiting the wounded area and the healing process in the test animal, often a mouse. These images are then manually observed to determine key metrics —such as wound size progress— relevant to the study. However, this task is a time-consuming and laborious process. In addition, defining the wound edge could be subjective and can vary from one individual to another even among experts. Furthermore, as our understanding of the healing process grows, so does our need to efficiently and accurately track these key factors for high throughput (e.g., over large-scale and long-term experiments). Thus, in this study, we develop a deep learning-based image analysis pipeline that aims to intake non-uniform wound images and extract relevant information such as the location of interest, wound only image crops, and wound periphery size over-time metrics. In particular, our work focuses on images of wounded laboratory mice that are used widely for translationally relevant wound studies and leverages a commonly used ring-shaped splint present in most images to predict wound size. We apply the method to a dataset that was never meant to be quantified and, thus, presents many visual challenges. Additionally, the data set was not meant for training deep learning models and so is relatively small in size with only 256 images. We compare results to that of expert measurements and demonstrate preservation of information relevant to predicting wound closure despite variability from machine-to-expert and even expert-to-expert. The proposed system resulted in high fidelity results on unseen data with minimal human intervention. Furthermore, the pipeline estimates acceptable wound sizes when less than 50% of the images are missing reference objects.
23
Alizadeh, Kamal, Behrooz Rezaei, and Bozorgmehr Maddah. "Spectrophotometric determination of aqueous acidity constants of three azo dyes." Open Chemistry 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0001-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe two successive steps acidity constants of three azo dye derivatives D1–D3, were determined by a spectrophotometric method using 0.10 M KNO3 as supporting electrolyte in water solvent. The electronic spectra of the compounds were recorded in the course of their pH-metric titration with a standard base solution. The protolytic equilibrium constants can be solved very satisfactorily from absorbance data, by combining the data obtained in the spectrometric determinations with graphic methods as the absorbance diagrams. An A-diagram shows the relative absorbance changes at two wavelengths as a function of the pH. For a one-step system, the absorbance at any wavelength must be proportional to the absorbance at any other wavelength, so an A-diagram for all wavelength combinations for such a system must be linear (rank, s=1). However, if a system is governed by two or more equilibria, the A-diagrams corresponding to multi-step titrations will change direction every time a new equilibrium becomes dominant in the system. Analysis of the each uniform sub-region can then be used in evaluating of the corresponding equilibrium. A-diagrams for all wavelength combinations suggest that these systems have the rank two(s=2). The results revealed that the Ka(1) and Ka(2) values of different azo dyes follow the order D3>D2>D1.
24
Zazzini, P., A. Di Crescenzo, and R. Giammichele. "Numerical Analysis of the Performance of an Innovative Daylighting System Named Modified Double Light Pipe." TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 2-4 (July 30, 2021): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.652-432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper focuses on the performance of an innovative daylighting system named Modified Double Light Pipe (MDLP). It consists of a device integrating a Double Light Pipe (DLP) with a light shelf. The DLP has been created by the authors to enter daylight into two levels underground buildings. It involves an excessive bulk and the risk of glare in the passage environment. The MDLP is an attempt to solve these problems by coupling the DLP and the light shelf technologies. The authors used a numerical approach modeling the MDLP by the software Rhinoceros and simulating its performance by Grasshopper plugins Ladybug and Honeybee. After calibrating the software by the comparison between numerical and experimental data on the DLP, they carried out a numerical analysis on the MDLP in steady-state and dynamic conditions. In steady-state regime, the MDLP performs better than the DLP, giving quite a uniform illuminance distribution on the horizontal work plane. This is confirmed by the results of the dynamic analysis, carried out evaluating the metric Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA). Moreover, the risk of glare is avoided by the MDLP, thanks to the presence of the light shelf that prevents the observer from seeing the device directly.
25
Gopi Krishna, P., K. Srinivasa Ravi, P. Hareesh, D. Ajay Kumar, and H. Sudhakar. "Implementation of bi-directional blue-fi gateway in IoT environment." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the world of possibilities, IoT is playing a crucial role in development and automation of things which is making life easier, comfortable and most importantly reliable. This paper implements a new IoT Gateway, BLUE-FI designed to allow interconnection between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi protocols. This gateway gives us significant advantages. It enables us to transfer data between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devices by renovating the protocols making it more simple and reliable, which obtains information from various sensors and convert them into a uniform format. With the huge possibilities in IoT, this paper implements an application of Blue-Fi gateway through Smart health monitoring system (SHMS). Here in SHMS we use different components to help us determine the health of a patient which is updated real time. This information, i.e., Bio-metric data is transferred to concerned Doctor and is also saved in cloud for future references in diagnosis. Our proof of notion demonstrates the performance and ability of the Bi-Directional Blue-Fi through smart health monitoring system (SHMS).
26
Kupko, O. "A Quantitative Method for Estimation of Quality of Screens Color." Metrology and instruments, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.39-46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The history of the issue on creation of uniform color spaces is analyzed. It is noted that the calculations based on the results of spectral measurements do not adequately correspond to the human visual perception. For all existing color spaces, it has been proposed to create a uniform metric, a method for determining the length, area and volume in the corresponding spaces, one that corresponds to the human visual perception. The metric is based on MacAdam ellipses, that is, on the threshold perception of the difference in colors. For each point of any color space (two or three measurements) is determined the area of space around each point, within which a person is not able to fix the difference in color. The area is characterized by either an ellipse (two-dimensional case) or an ellipsoid (three-dimensional case). To characterize an ellipse, it is necessary to have three parameters — two axes and the angle of slope. To characterize an ellipsoid, it is necessary to have five parameters — three axes and two angle of slope. The number of sections along a line, along a plane, or in a volume is a measure of length, a plane, or in a volume and sets a metric. The connection of the existing systems for determining color and visual perception of a person is carried out using scales. Scales associate the length, area or volume of any color system with a person’s visual perception. The scale depends on the point of space and the direction in which the movement takes place. As a result, a large number of scales (more than the number of colors, because it is necessary to know the angles of inclination of the ellipses) are needed, which must be agreed by the international community. To use this amount of data and for the corresponding calculations, it is necessary to have an agreed international calculation procedure. It is established, that as a result of the development of computing technology, a large amount of data and a large amount of computation are not a significant obstacle. The obstacle is an insufficient amount of consistent data, that is, it is necessary to perform additional measurements and approvals to determine the areas of space around each point of the color space within which a person is not able to fix the difference in color. A schematic diagram of the measurements and the equipment with the help of which it is possible to carry out the corresponding measurements are proposed. Estimates of the greatest labour intensity of such works are carried out. It is determined what is the most important part of these works is possible to carry out within a few years. For two-dimensional spaces (x, y and u, v), using the results of the classical work of McAdam, we determined the scales for connecting the lengths and areas in these spaces with the visual perception of the human eye. The directions in which the scales are largest or smallest are determined. For these two directions there are given scales that relate the distances and areas of the spaces (x,y and u,v) with the human visual perception. It is noted, that the work on creating the metrics has a clear phased structure, some parts of the work, i.e.: the development of software and programming, the development of stabilized radiation sources, the development of comparing tools and experimental research can be carried out independently. Conclusions and suggestions are made.
27
Pavlović, Goran, and Frank Fichert. "Effects of fragmentation on route charges." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591719866105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The European Air Traffic Management (ATM) system is highly fragmented. It consists of 37 air navigation service providers (ANSPs) whose areas of responsibility are, in most cases, limited to national borders. ATM fragmentation impacts air traffic operations in Europe in several ways. One of them is reflected through the current route charging system, which is designed and adapted to the fragmented ATM system to recover air navigation service provision costs at the level of individual ANSPs. Differences in unit rates have led to the phenomenon of aircraft taking detours around expensive charging zones, resulting in additional fuel consumption and emissions, as well as traffic shifts caused by varying unit rates. In this article, we analyze the differences in the unit rates across Europe and their evolution over the past few years. The main focus of the article is the analysis of the route charge variability on an airport-pair level, measured by an airport-pair variability indicator, which we suggest as a metric. We show the route charge variability for different flight distances, geographic areas, and flight directions, and we also identify airport pairs with the highest route charge variability. Finally, we discuss selected alternatives to the current route charging system, such as the uniform charge method and different approaches to airport-pair charging.
28
Elliott, Robert E., Stephen A. Sands, Russell G. Strom, and Jeffrey H. Wisoff. "Craniopharyngioma Clinical Status Scale: a standardized metric of preoperative function and posttreatment outcome." Neurosurgical Focus 28, no. 4 (April 2010): E2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.2.focus09304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Object Controversy persists concerning the optimal treatment of craniopharyngiomas in children, and no standard outcome metric exists for comparison across treatment modalities, nor is there one that adequately reflects the multisystem dysfunction that may arise. Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed the records of 86 consecutive children who underwent a uniform treatment paradigm of attempted radical resection performed by a single surgeon. Excluding 3 perioperative deaths and 3 patients with inadequate follow-up, 80 children (34 girls and 46 boys; mean age 9.56 years; mean follow-up 9.6 years) composed the study group (53 primary and 27 previously treated/recurrent tumors). Building on existing classification schemes proposed by De Vile for hypothalamic dysfunction and Wen for overall functional outcome, the authors devised a more nuanced classification system (Craniopharyngioma Clinical Status Scale [CCSS]) that assesses outcome across 5 axes, including neurological examination, visual status, pituitary function, hypothalamic dysfunction, and educational/occupational status at last follow-up (there is a 4-tiered grading scale in each domain, with increasing values reflecting greater dysfunction). Results There was a significant increase in pituitary dysfunction following treatment—consistent with the high rates of diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism common to the surgical management of craniopharyngiomas—and less dramatic deterioration in hypothalamic function or cognitive domains. Significant improvement in vision was also demonstrated, with no significant overall change in neurological status. Preoperative CCSS scores predicted postoperative outcome better than clinical characteristics like patient age, sex, tumor size, and the location or presence of hydrocephalus. Conclusions Preoperative CCSS scores predicted outcome with higher accuracy than clinical or imaging characteristics. In lieu of randomized trials, the CCSS may provide a useful outcome assessment tool for comparison across treatment paradigms and surgical approaches. Long-term follow-up is critical to the analysis of outcomes of craniopharyngioma treatment, given the often-delayed sequelae of all therapies and the high recurrence rates of these tumors.
29
Lu, Louis, Yebin Tao, Matthew J. Schipper, Daniel Wahl, Matthew H. Stenmark, Theodore Steven Lawrence, and Mary Uan-Sian Feng. "Association between equivalent uniform dose (EUD) and rates of local progression in liver tumors treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
380 Background: When tumors are near organs at risk such as bowel or heart, this results in partial underdosing relative to prescribed dose. We hypothesized that equivalent uniform dose (EUD) may better capture the biologic effect than other dose metrics. Methods: In this IRB-approved retrospective study, 257 primary and metastatic liver tumors from 168 patients treated with SBRT at the University of Michigan Health System between 2005 and 2014 were identified. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression models were used to correlate patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics with rates of LC. Results: 1 and 2 year LC were 93% and 75% for all. Of the 156 primary liver tumors, 1 and 2 year LC were 94% and 76%, compared to 83% and 61%, for patients with colorectal metastases (CRM). 22 tumors locally progressed in 17 patients of which 9 were CRM, 5 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), and 3 other. Tumors that locally progressed received a median prescribed dose of 50 Gy (24 - 60), GTV EUD (a=-10) 49 Gy (23 - 72), and PTV EUD 46 Gy (17 - 69). Median gross tumor volume (GTV) was 21 cc (1-103). Tumors that did not locally progress received a median prescribed dose of 50 Gy (19 - 60), GTV EUD (a=-10) 52 Gy (17 - 86), and PTV EUD 47 Gy (7 - 76). Median GTV was 10 cc (0.2 - 2092). On univariate analysis, CRM (p = 0.005) was correlated with higher progression, while high GTV and PTV EUD (a=-10) (p = 0.01, 0.05) were correlated with lower progression. HCC (p = 0.06) was borderline for low progression. Age, gender, primary or metastatic, prescribed dose, biologically equivalent dose (BED), minimum GTV or PTV dose and GTV did not predict for progression. In a multivariable model including age, gender, histology, prescribed dose, BED, GTV EUD and GTV size, only GTV EUD predicted for LC, HR = 0.947, 95% CI = 0.901 - 0.996, p = 0.036. Every 1 Gy increase in EUD decreased the risk of local failure by 5%. Conclusions: EUD was predictive of local progression even when accounting for histology, size, and dose as measured by prescribed dose and BED. GTV EUD (a=-10) over 47.64 Gy yielded a >95% local control. EUD may be the preferred dose metric in future tumor control studies.
30
Rahman, Saifur, Muhammad Irfan, Mohsin Raza, Khawaja Moyeezullah Ghori, Shumayla Yaqoob, and Muhammad Awais. "Performance Analysis of Boosting Classifiers in Recognizing Activities of Daily Living." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Physical activity is essential for physical and mental health, and its absence is highly associated with severe health conditions and disorders. Therefore, tracking activities of daily living can help promote quality of life. Wearable sensors in this regard can provide a reliable and economical means of tracking such activities, and such sensors are readily available in smartphones and watches. This study is the first of its kind to develop a wearable sensor-based physical activity classification system using a special class of supervised machine learning approaches called boosting algorithms. The study presents the performance analysis of several boosting algorithms (extreme gradient boosting—XGB, light gradient boosting machine—LGBM, gradient boosting—GB, cat boosting—CB and AdaBoost) in a fair and unbiased performance way using uniform dataset, feature set, feature selection method, performance metric and cross-validation techniques. The study utilizes the Smartphone-based dataset of thirty individuals. The results showed that the proposed method could accurately classify the activities of daily living with very high performance (above 90%). These findings suggest the strength of the proposed system in classifying activity of daily living using only the smartphone sensor’s data and can assist in reducing the physical inactivity patterns to promote a healthier lifestyle and wellbeing.
31
Grabova, Ulyana, and Svetlana Salnikova. "GENERALIZED POISSON INTEGRAL AND ITS APPLIED ASPECTS." Journal of Automation and Information sciences 2 (March 1, 2021): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/1028-0979-2021-2-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mathematical methods based on statistics have been used in sociology for a long time. The functioning of socio-economic and socio-politic systems is a complex process, which is caused by a number of various factors. Thus, the construction of models of socio-economic and socio-politic processes requires solving problems of both the decomposition of structures and processes, and their integration into a single system model, taking into account the changing conditions of the external environment. Mathematical modeling of such problems can be carried out by methods of network analysis or game theory, which allows finding optimal strategies for the behavior of competitive parties. Asymptotic formulations have a central role in game theory, since, due to the complex strategic nature, explicit solutions can be found only in very rare cases. A large number of models created to study complex social processes that occur in society are dynamical systems, or non-autonomous differential equations, or difference equations with a large number of parameters in any cases. In this situation, it is important to choose an appropriate tool for studying the behavior of such systems. In this paper, generalized Poisson delta operators are considered as approximating aggregates, since periodic processes, which are subdivided into harmonic and polyharmonic, provide the internal integrity of complex systems and their dynamic functioning. Questions of the asymptotic behavior of the exact upper bounds for approximations by generalized Poisson delta operators on classes of periodic functions that satisfy the Lipschitz condition are also studied. The received formulas provide a solution to the Kolmogorov-Nikol’ski problem for generalized Poisson delta operators and Lipschitz classes. The proof is based on the use of formulas that give integral representations of the deviations of linear methods generated by linear processes of summation of Fourier series on sets of periodic functions in the uniform metric obtained in the works of L.I. Bausov. The results can be an effective tool for modeling the processes of social dynamics.
32
Oleson, Keith. "Contrasts between Urban and Rural Climate in CCSM4 CMIP5 Climate Change Scenarios." Journal of Climate 25, no. 5 (March 2012): 1390–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00098.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new parameterization of urban areas in the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) allows for simulation of temperature in cities where most of the global population lives. CCSM4 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations [Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5] are analyzed to examine how urban and rural areas might respond differently to changes in climate. The urban heat island (UHI), defined as the urban minus rural air temperature, is used as a metric. The average UHI at the end of the twenty-first century is similar to present day in RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, but decreases in RCP8.5. Both the daytime and nocturnal UHIs decrease in RCP8.5, but the decrease in the daytime UHI is larger and more uniform across regions and seasons than in the nocturnal UHI. This is caused by changes in evaporation that warm the rural surface more than the urban. There is significant spatial and seasonal variability in the response of the nocturnal UHI caused mainly by changes in the rural surface. In Europe, the response to climate change of rural leaf–stem area in summer and clouds and rural soil moisture in winter explains the majority of this variability. Climate change increases the number of warm nights in urban areas substantially more than in rural areas. These results provide evidence that urban and rural areas respond differently to climate change. Thus, the unique aspects of the urban environment should be considered when making climate change projections, particularly since the global population is becoming increasingly urbanized.
33
Geisbauer, Christian, Katharina Wöhrl, Daniel Koch, Gudrun Wilhelm, Gerhard Schneider, and Hans-Georg Schweiger. "Comparative Study on the Calendar Aging Behavior of Six Different Lithium-Ion Cell Chemistries in Terms of Parameter Variation." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The degradation of lithium-ion cells is an important aspect, not only for quality management, but also for the customer of the application like, e.g., scooters or electric vehicles. During the lifetime of the system, the overall health on the battery plays a key role in its depreciation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the health of the battery during operation, i.e., cycle life, but also during stationary conditions, i.e., calendar aging. In this work, the degradation due to calendar aging is analyzed for six different cell chemistries in terms of capacity degradation and impedance increase and their performance are being compared. In a new proposed metric, the relative deviations between various cells with the exact identical aging history are being analyzed for their degradation effects and their differences, which stands out in comparison to similar research. The capacity loss was found to be most drastic at 60 °C and at higher storage voltages, even for titanate-oxide cells. LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC), LiNiCoAlO2 (NCA) and Li2TiO3 (LTO) cells at 60 °C showed the most drastic capacity decrease. NMC and NCA cells at 60 °C and highest storage voltage did not show any open circuit voltage, as their current interrupt mechanism triggered. The effect of aging shows no uniform impact on the changes in the capacity variance when comparing different aging conditions, with respect to the evaluated standard deviation for all cells. The focus of this work was on the calendar aging effect and may be supplemented in a second study for cyclic aging.
34
Olekh, Tetiana, Kateryna Kolesnikova, Olga Mezentseva, and Viktor Gogunskii. "DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR BALANCED EVALUATION OF PROJECT SUCCESS BASED ON METHODICAL INDICATORS OF VALUE." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Strategic management, portfolio, program and project management, no. 1(3) (April 17, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-3000.2021.3.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As part of the value-based approach to project management, a new economic metric was actually introduced - value as an indicator of the company's success. The basis of the value-based approach is the definition of indicators that reflect the growth of the company's value. Assessment of the value of projects and their expertise should be carried out in a certain sense in a uniform manner, based on common indicators. A study of the system of indicators for management and balanced assessment of the value of projects was carried out. Indicators are considered in the context of the development of existing project management systems. It is proposed to divide the existing system of indicators into three groups: methodological, methodological and operational. The hypothesis that the success of the project mission can be predicted based on the values of the indicators of a group of methodological indicators for assessing the values of the project is confirmed. Using modern mathematical methods, it is shown that in the group of methodological indicators for project evaluation, each of the indicators objectively reflects the value, and sometimes the effectiveness or success of the project, since each indicator is used as the main one for a certain type of project. The model developed by the authors can serve as a methodological basis for managing the value of projects. The proposed model makes it possible to assess the value of project activity in terms of its effectiveness based on only one, any indicator of a group of methodological indicators for assessing the value of the project. The model allows the use of value management tools at different stages of the project life cycle. In addition, the mechanisms presented in the work are universal and can be used in projects implemented using various approaches: both within the framework of classical project management and using “flexible” or hybrid methods. The article shows that the group of methodological indicators objectively reflects not only the success of the project. Considering any of the indicators, one can conclude about the effectiveness or success of the project mission or strategic goal.
35
van Aalst, Robbert, Nektarios Karanikas, Robert Jan de Boer, Alfred Roelen, Steffen Kaspers, and Selma Piric. "Complexity of Socio-Technical Systems: concept for a uniform metric." AUP Advances 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/adv2018.1.010.van.
Повний текст джерела
36
van Aalst, Robbert, Nektarios Karanikas, Robert Jan de Boer, Alfred Roelen, Steffen Kaspers, and Selma Piric. "Complexity of Socio-Technical Systems: concept for a uniform metric." AUP Advances 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/adv2018.1.van.
Повний текст джерела
37
CONNELL, CHRIS, THANG NGUYEN, and RALF SPATZIER. "Carnot metrics, dynamics and local rigidity." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 42, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 614–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2021.116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper develops new techniques for studying smooth dynamical systems in the presence of a Carnot–Carathéodory metric. Principally, we employ the theory of Margulis and Mostow, Métivier, Mitchell, and Pansu on tangent cones to establish resonances between Lyapunov exponents. We apply these results in three different settings. First, we explore rigidity properties of smooth dominated splittings for Anosov diffeomorphisms and flows via associated smooth Carnot–Carathéodory metrics. Second, we obtain local rigidity properties of higher hyperbolic rank metrics in a neighborhood of a locally symmetric one. For the latter application we also prove structural stability of the Brin–Pesin asymptotic holonomy group for frame flows. Finally, we obtain local rigidity properties for uniform lattice actions on the ideal boundary of quaternionic and octonionic symmetric spaces.
38
Azar, Yossi, Arun Ganesh, Rong Ge, and Debmalya Panigrahi. "Online Service with Delay." ACM Transactions on Algorithms 17, no. 3 (August 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459925.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, we introduce the online service with delay problem. In this problem, there are n points in a metric space that issue service requests over time, and there is a server that serves these requests. The goal is to minimize the sum of distance traveled by the server and the total delay (or a penalty function thereof) in serving the requests. This problem models the fundamental tradeoff between batching requests to improve locality and reducing delay to improve response time, which has many applications in operations management, operating systems, logistics, supply chain management, and scheduling. Our main result is to show a poly-logarithmic competitive ratio for the online service with delay problem. This result is obtained by an algorithm that we call the preemptive service algorithm . The salient feature of this algorithm is a process called preemptive service, which uses a novel combination of (recursive) time forwarding and spatial exploration on a metric space. We also generalize our results to k > 1 servers and obtain stronger results for special metrics such as uniform and star metrics that correspond to (weighted) paging problems.
39
Kozma, Gady, Zvi Lotker, and Gideon Stupp. "On the connectivity threshold for general uniform metric spaces." Information Processing Letters 110, no. 10 (April 2010): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2010.02.015.
Повний текст джерела
40
Adami, Andrea, Francesco Fassi, Luigi Fregonese, and Mario Piana. "Image-based techniques for the survey of mosaics in the St Mark's Basilica in Venice." Virtual Archaeology Review 9, no. 19 (July 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2018.9087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>This article aims to critically examine the entire methodology of very large scale (1:1) surveying and documentation of mosaic surfaces. The term ‘survey’ should be read in its broadest and most complete and sense, including the phases of measurement and data processing as well as management and use of these data for the purposes of preservation and maintenance. The case study presented here took place at St Mark’s Basilica (<em>Basilica di San Marco</em>), in Venice, where mosaic flooring, wall and vault decorations have been surveyed on two separate occasions. These two experiences shared a common goal (a full-scale survey of the mosaic decorations) but differed in terms of the methodologies used, chiefly due to the technological developments of recent years. All this, therefore, lends itself to a methodological reflection and critique of the ways in which surveying technology has evolved over time. It enables to conduct surveys that would, just a few years ago, have been inconceivable due to their size and complexity. This article describes in detail current surveying processes, which includes the use of a multi-scale “image-based” approach, “re-topology” methods such as non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) and a tailor-made Building Information Modeling (BIM) system. This system allows the direct use of a three-dimensional (3D) model of the Basilica within the maintenance process of the monument itself with the options to georeferencing information, extract basic metric data and catalogue all its mosaics.</p><p><strong>Highlights:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Modern digital photogrammetric techniques enable the acquisition of very complex objects, not only in terms of form but also in terms of material.</p></li><li><p>To obtain high resolution orthophotos, it is necessary to accurately take care of all the stages of the process: photographic acquisition, surveying, modelling and orthographic reprojection.</p></li><li><p>High resolution images and detailed 3D models can benefit from a complex BIM system for the management of all data.</p></li></ul>
41
Brazil, M., P. Winter, and M. Zachariasen. "Flexibility of Steiner trees in uniform orientation metrics." Networks 46, no. 3 (2005): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/net.20082.
Повний текст джерела
42
Chou, Ming-Chung. "Evaluation of Non-Uniform Image Quality Caused by Anode Heel Effect in Digital Radiography Using Mutual Information." Entropy 23, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050525.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anode heel effects are known to cause non-uniform image quality, but no method has been proposed to evaluate the non-uniform image quality caused by the heel effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate non-uniform image quality in digital radiographs using a novel circular step-wedge (CSW) phantom and normalized mutual information (nMI). All X-ray images were acquired from a digital radiography system equipped with a CsI flat panel detector. A new acrylic CSW phantom was imaged ten times at various kVp and mAs to evaluate overall and non-uniform image quality with nMI metrics. For comparisons, a conventional contrast-detail resolution phantom was imaged ten times at identical exposure parameters to evaluate overall image quality with visible ratio (VR) metrics, and the phantom was placed in different orientations to assess non-uniform image quality. In addition, heel effect correction (HEC) was executed to elucidate the impact of its effect on image quality. The results showed that both nMI and VR metrics significantly changed with kVp and mAs, and had a significant positive correlation. The positive correlation is suggestive that the nMI metrics have a similar performance to the VR metrics in assessing the overall image quality of digital radiographs. The nMI metrics significantly changed with orientations and also significantly increased after HEC in the anode direction. However, the VR metrics did not change significantly with orientations or with HEC. The results indicate that the nMI metrics were more sensitive than the VR metrics with regards to non-uniform image quality caused by the anode heel effect. In conclusion, the proposed nMI metrics with a CSW phantom outperformed the conventional VR metrics in detecting non-uniform image quality caused by the heel effect, and thus are suitable for quantitatively evaluating non-uniform image quality in digital radiographs with and without HEC.
43
Pelczar, Andrzej. "Uniform stability and semi-stability of motions in dynamical systems on metric spaces." Annales Polonici Mathematici 63, no. 2 (1996): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/ap-63-2-115-136.
Повний текст джерела
44
de Bakker, J. W., J. J. Ch Meyer, E. R. Olderog, and J. I. Zucker. "Transition systems, metric spaces and ready sets in the semantics of uniform concurrency." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 36, no. 2 (April 1988): 158–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(88)90026-8.
Повний текст джерела
45
Ahmadi, Seyyed Alireza, Xinxing Wu, Zonghong Feng, Xin Ma, and Tianxiu Lu. "On the Entropy Points and Shadowing in Uniform Spaces." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 28, no. 12 (November 2018): 1850155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127418501559.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce and study the topological concepts of entropy points, expansivity and shadowing property for dynamical systems on noncompact nonmetrizable spaces, which generalize the relevant concepts for metric spaces. We also obtain various properties on uniform entropy on noncompact nonmetrizable spaces. The main result is a theorem which yields a relation between topological shadowing property and positive uniform entropy.
46
Bashir, Humera, Zohaib Zahid, Agha Kashif, Sohail Zafar, and Jia-Bao Liu. "On 2-metric resolvability in rotationally-symmetric graphs." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 11887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2-metric resolvability is an extension of metric resolvability in graphs having several applications in intelligent systems for example network optimization, robot navigation and sensor networking. Rotationally symmetric graphs are important in intelligent networks due to uniform rate of data transformation to all nodes. In this article, 2-metric dimension of rotationally symmetric plane graphs Rn, Sn and Tn is computed and found to be independent of the number of vertices.
47
Khanal, Uttam, Kerry J. Stott, Roger Armstrong, James G. Nuttall, Frank Henry, Brendan P. Christy, Meredith Mitchell, et al. "Intercropping—Evaluating the Advantages to Broadacre Systems." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intercropping is considered by its advocates to be a sustainable, environmentally sound, and economically advantageous cropping system. Intercropping systems are complex, with non-uniform competition between the component species within the cropping cycle, typically leading to unequal relative yields making evaluation difficult. This paper is a review of the main existing metrics used in the scientific literature to assess intercropping systems. Their strengths and limitations are discussed. Robust metrics for characterising intercropping systems are proposed. A major limitation is that current metrics assume the same management level between intercropping and monocropping systems and do not consider differences in costs of production. Another drawback is that they assume the component crops in the mixture are of equal value. Moreover, in employing metrics, many studies have considered direct and private costs and benefits only, ignoring indirect and social costs and benefits of intercropping systems per se. Furthermore, production risk and growers’ risk preferences were often overlooked. In evaluating intercropping advantage using data from field trials, four metrics are recommended that collectively take into account all important differences in private costs and benefits between intercropping and monocropping systems, specifically the Land Equivalent Ratio, Yield Ratio, Value Ratio and Net Gross Margin.
48
RIEČANOVÁ, ZDENKA. "STATES, UNIFORMITIES AND METRICS ON LATTICE EFFECT ALGEBRAS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 10, supp01 (December 2002): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488502001879.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We show that every state ω on a lattice effect algebra E induces a uniform topology on E. If ω is subadditive this topology coincides with pseudometric topology induced by ω. Further, we show relations between the interval and order topology on E and topologies induced by states.
49
BANKS, S. P., and SONG YI. "ELLIPTIC AND AUTOMORPHIC DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS ON SURFACES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 16, no. 04 (April 2006): 911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127406015209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We derive explicit differential equations for dynamical systems defined on generic surfaces applying elliptic and automorphic function theory to make uniform the surfaces in the upper half of the complex plane with the hyperbolic metric. By modifying the definition of the standard theta series we will determine general meromorphic systems on a fundamental domain in the upper half plane the solution trajectories of which "roll up" onto an appropriate surface of any given genus.
50
Brazil, M., D. A. Thomas, and J. F. Weng. "Forbidden subpaths for Steiner minimum networks in uniform orientation metrics." Networks 39, no. 4 (May 31, 2002): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/net.10025.
Повний текст джерела