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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Unfiied Control"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 лютого 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Unfiied Control"

Komori, Mochimitsu, Hirohisa Kato, and Ken-ichi Asami. "Suspension-Type of Flywheel Energy Storage System Using High Tc Superconducting Magnetic Bearing (SMB)." Actuators 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11080215.

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In this paper, a new superconducting flywheel energy storage system is proposed, whose concept is different from other systems. The superconducting flywheel energy storage system is composed of a radial-type superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB), an induction motor, and some positioning actuators. The SMB is composed of a superconducting stator and a flywheel rotor. The flywheel rotor is suspended by the superconducting stator, whose one end is fixed to a stable and heavy base. Free-run experiments in the case of the unfixed stator are performed. The natural rotation decay curve, displacement at the upper position of the rotor and displacement at a lower position of the rotor are measured. Moreover, free-run experiments in the case of the fixed stator are performed, and the same dynamic characteristics of the unfixed stator are measured. Especially, impulse responses for the rotor in the case of an unfixed stator are very different from those in the case of a fixed stator. The experimental results discuss some important characteristics of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system, whose rotor is suspended by the superconducting stator.

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Treesatayapun, Chidentree. "Discrete-Time Adaptive Controller for Unfixed and Unknown Control Direction." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65, no. 7 (July 2018): 5367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2777414.

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Taira, Koji, Shoichiro Iino, Takeshi Kubota, Tomohiro Fukunaga, and Shouichi Miyawaki. "Effects of Mandibular Advancement plus Prohibition of Lower Incisor Movement on Mandibular Growth in Rats." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1095–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/112608-603r.1.

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Abstract Introduction: To test the hypothesis that mandibular advancement with the use of a fixed functional appliance combined with prohibition of labial movement of the lower incisors will have no effect on mandibular growth in growing rats. Materials and Methods: Fifteen 4-week-old male rats were divided into fixed, unfixed, and control groups (n = 5, each). Bite-jumping appliances were used in the fixed and unfixed groups. Sites of bone perforation and the lower incisors were connected with ligature wires in the fixed group. The ramus height, mandibular length, and inclination of lower incisors were examined for 4 weeks, and those values were compared among five intervals and three groups by through one-way analysis of variance models and the Bonferroni multiple comparison test for post hoc comparison. Results: Increases in ramus height and mandibular length during the experimental period were 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm in the fixed group, 1 mm and 1.5 mm in the unfixed group, and 1.2 mm and 1.9 mm in the control group, respectively. Growth of ramus height and growth of mandibular length in the fixed group were greater than in the unfixed and control groups during the experimental period. The inclination of lower incisors in the unfixed group was increased 8.0 degrees throughout the experimental period, which differed from results obtained in the other groups. Conclusions: Mandibular growth was accelerated effectively before and during the pubertal period in rats by mandibular advancement with a fixed functional appliance combined with prohibition of labial movement of the lower incisor.

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Vani, Kodela, Seshi R. Sompuram, Patrick Fitzgibbons, and Steven A. Bogen. "National HER2 Proficiency Test Results Using Standardized Quantitative Controls: Characterization of Laboratory Failures." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-211-nhptru.

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Abstract Context.—An important component in fostering test standardization for HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry is an appropriate positive control. We developed a new standardized, quantitative immunohistochemical HER2 control using a HER2 peptide covalently attached to glass microscope slides. The peptide controls can be formalin fixed or unfixed, providing the new capability of distinguishing errors associated with antigen retrieval from errors associated with the staining process itself. Objective.—To investigate the causes of variability in HER2 immunohistochemistry staining performance. By comparing laboratory performance with both formalin-fixed and unfixed analyte controls, we aimed to distinguish problems associated with antigen retrieval from reagent or staining protocol deficiencies. Design.—HER2 peptide analyte controls were printed on 2 slides that also contained unstained sections of invasive breast carcinomas and were mailed with the College of American Pathologists' 2006 HER2-B proficiency testing survey. Laboratory participants were asked to stain the 2 slides and return them for central review and quantification. This study is unique in combining central review with new quantitative HER2 controls. Results.—Of 109 participants who returned evaluable stained slides, staining was suboptimal in 20 (18.3%) as judged by quantification of the peptide analyte controls and review of tissue sections. Of those, 35% failed due to antigen retrieval errors, 20% failed due solely to antibody or staining protocol problems, and the remainder failed due to a combination of the two. Conclusions.—In practice, errors in HER2 testing are caused by variables associated with antigen retrieval and the reagents and staining protocol, as well as interpretive error. Analyte controls help distinguish these different causes.

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Faybusovich, L., and T. Mouktonglang. "Deterministic Kalman Filtering on Semi-Infinite Interval." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/490139.

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Bader, O. A. "Radiological Study of the Effect of Omental Pedicel Flap on Fracture Healing in Unfixed Ribs in Dogs." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 35, no. 2 (December 29, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v35i2.568.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of omental flap on healing of unfixed fractured ribs in dogs. Sixteen adult local breed dogs were used, which they were divided into two equal groups (Control and Treated group). The experimental animals were pre-medicated with atropine sulfate 0.04 mg/kg BW intramuscularly, and after 10 minute anesthetized with a mixture of Ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg BW)and Xylazine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg BW) intramuscularly. In control group, the rib was fractured by wire saw and left unfixed then the muscles and skin was closed routinely. While in treated group, the rib was fractured by wire saw and a flap of omentum was put around the fractured rib, then muscles and skin were closed. Animals were observed clinically for one week and radiologically every week for three months. The radiological findings revealed that the healing process was faster in the treated group compared with the control group. The fracture line began to disappear in the eight and at the fourth weeks in the control and treated group respectively. The callus formation was large in size in control group compared with small dense callus in treated group. The remodeling process began in the fourth week in the treated group while at the eighth week in control group. These results indicated that the omental flap play an important role for enhancing healing and help to stabilize unfixed fractured ribs.

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Liu, Han, Xueliang Huang, Dariusz Czarkowski, Linlin Tan, Jiacheng Li, Ming Zhang, and Zhenxing Zhang. "Flexible Power Control for Wireless Power Transmission System With Unfixed Receiver Position." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 181767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2902411.

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Ding, Dan, Jinjin Liu, Miao Li, and Laiyou Liu. "Double Switchings Reliable Control of Positive Switched Systems With Unfixed Actuator Faults." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 65734–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2985339.

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Nenchev, D. N. "Reaction Null Space of a multibody system with applications in robotics." Mechanical Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2013): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-4-97-2013.

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Abstract. This paper provides an overview of implementation examples based on the Reaction Null Space formalism, developed initially to tackle the problem of satellite-base disturbance of a free-floating space robot, when the robot arm is activated. The method has been applied throughout the years to other unfixed-base systems, e.g. flexible-base and macro/mini robot systems, as well as to the balance control problem of humanoid robots. The paper also includes most recent results about complete dynamical decoupling of the end-link of a fixed-base robot, wherein the end-link is regarded as the unfixed-base. This interpretation is shown to be useful with regard to motion/force control scenarios. Respective implementation results are provided.

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Hung, Wei-Cheng, Chin-Jung Hsu, Abhishek Kumar, Chun-Hao Tsai, Hao-Wei Chang, and Tsung-Li Lin. "Perioperative Radiographic Predictors of Non-Union in Infra-Isthmal Femoral Shaft Fractures after Antegrade Intramedullary Nailing: A Case–Control Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 3664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133664.

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Antegrade intramedullary (IM) nailing is the gold standard treatment for femoral shaft fractures; however, the non-union rate of infra-isthmal femoral shaft fractures is still high after antegrade IM nailing. This retrospective case–control study aimed to determine the association between perioperative radiographic factors and the non-union of infra-isthmal femoral shaft fractures after antegrade IM nailing. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the radiographic risk factors of non-union. Ninety-three patients were included, with thirty-one non-unions and sixty-two matched controls between 2007 and 2017. All were regularly followed up for 2 years. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a ratio of the unfixed distal segment > 32.5% was strongly predictive of postoperative non-union. The risk factors for non-union were AO/OTA type B and C (odds ratio [OR]: 2.20), a smaller ratio of the distal fragment (OR: 4.05), a greater ratio of the unfixed distal segment (OR: 7.16), a higher ratio of IM canal diameter to nail size at the level of fracture (OR: 6.23), and fewer distal locking screws (OR: 2.31). The radiographic risk factors for non-union after antegrade IM nailing for infra-isthmal femoral shaft fractures were unstable fractures, shorter distal fragments, longer unfixed distal fragments, wider IM canal, and fewer distal locking screws. Surgeons must strive to avoid non-union with longer and larger nails and apply more distal locking screws, especially for unstable, wider IM canal, and shorter distal fragment fractures.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Unfiied Control"

Ghassani, Rashad. "Commande Unifiée des Machines à Courant Alternatif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP153.

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Les lois de contrôle des machines à courant alternatif, asynchrones et synchrones, sont aujourd'hui assez mûres. Le contrôle vectoriel est un cadre général pour la modélisation, l'analyse et le contrôle des machines à courant alternatif. Une approche de synthèse basée sur le modèle est souvent utilisée, et les paramètres de la loi de commande sont définis en fonction des paramètres de la machine. Un variateur de vitesse standard est utilisé dans la plupart des applications industrielles pour contrôler la vitesse du moteur alimenté par le réseau électrique. Dans ce cas, le variateur est appelé « variateur polyvalent ». Selon le type de machine à courant alternatif, un contrôleur spécifique est nécessaire. Pour ce faire, les fabricants de variateurs devront inclure différentes lois de commande dans leur variateur. Par conséquent, l'ajout de ces lois nécessitera beaucoup de mémoire et de capacité de calcul. En outre, le changement de type de machine modifierait la loi de commande. Ce problème peut entraîner de nombreuses difficultés, telles que des coûts d'installation plus élevés, des délais de mise en service et des réglages supplémentaires. C'est pourquoi la recherche d'un « universal drive » se poursuit depuis plus d'une décennie. Cette thèse présente une étude approfondie sur le sujet de la commande unifiée pour les machines à courant alternatif. Notre objectif est d'innover une loi de commande unifiée pour les machines électriques, en particulier les machines asynchrones et synchrones, à utiliser dans les futurs produits de variateurs de vitesse à usage général. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous abordons l'unification de la modélisation, la conception d'observateurs et les aspects de contrôle dans le contexte des machines à courant alternatif. Pendant des décennies, les modèles CA ont été étudiés séparément dans la littérature. Cependant, grâce aux similitudes entre les machines électriques, un cadre de modélisation unifié est proposé. Le modèle unifié repose sur des paramètres équivalents du stator facilement identifiables, quel que soit le type de machine. Sur la base du modèle unifié, une contribution clé a été apportée dans cette étude, à savoir la conception de trois nouveaux observateurs de flux unifiés pour suivre les positions du flux du rotor ou du stator, quel que soit le type de moteur. Grâce à l'observateur de flux unifié, une loi de commande vectorielle unifiée pour les machines à courant alternatif devient possible. Les données expérimentales vérifient la loi de commande proposée pour les machines à induction et les machines synchrones à aimant permanent. Théoriquement, la solution proposée met en évidence le potentiel d'une «universel drive » qui n'a besoin d'aucune information sur le type de moteur. Cependant, la loi de commande unifiée donne de mauvais résultats à faible vitesse, alors qu'une méthode de démarrage unifiée est nécessaire
The control laws of AC machines, asynchronous and synchronous, are pretty mature today. Vector control is a general framework for AC machines' modeling, analysis, and control. A model-based synthesis approach is often used, and the control law parameters are defined according to the machine parameters. A standard variable speed drive is used in most industrial applications to control the speed of the motor powered by the electrical network. In this case, the drive is called a “general-purpose drive”. Depending on the type of AC machine, a specific controller is needed. This will require the drive's manufacturers to include different control laws in their drive. Consequently, adding these laws will require a lot of memory and computing capacity. Furthermore, changing the machine type would alter the control law. This problem could lead to many issues such as higher installation costs, commissioning time, and additional tuning. For this reason, the search for a "universal drive" scheme has been going on for more than one decade.This thesis presents an in-depth study on the subject of unified control for AC machines. Our goal is to innovate a unified control law for electric machines, particularly asynchronous and synchronous machines, for use in future general-purpose variable speed drive products. As a part of this thesis, we address the unification of modeling, observer design, and control aspects in the context of AC machines. For decades, the AC models have been studied separately in the literature. However, thanks to the similarities between electric machines, a unified modeling framework is proposed. The unified model relies on easily identifiable stator equivalent parameters regardless of the specific type of machine. Based on the unified model, a key contribution was made in this study, which is the design of three novel unified flux observers to track rotor or stator flux positions, regardless of the motor type. Thanks to the unified flux observer, a unified vector control law for AC machines becomes possible. Experimental data verify the proposed control law for induction machines and permanent magnet synchronous machines. Theoretically, the proposed solution highlights the potential for a “universal AC motor drive" that doesn't need any information on the motor type. However, the unified control law performs poorly at low speeds, where a unified startup method is needed

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Книги з теми "Unfiied Control"

Army inventory: Unfilled war reserve requirements could be met with items from other inventory : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Unfiied Control"

Wei, Qinglai, Ruizhuo Song, Benkai Li, and Xiaofeng Lin. "An Iterative $$\epsilon $$ -Optimal Control Scheme for a Class of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems with Unfixed Initial State." In Self-Learning Optimal Control of Nonlinear Systems, 19–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4080-1_2.

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Hart, Adam Charles. "Sucking the Life Out of You." In Raising the Dead, 144–61. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197686478.003.0008.

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Abstract This chapter details a number of unfilmed scripts that George A. Romero wrote in the period from the late 1980s through the early 2000s in which corporate capital creates dangerous monsters or is itself monstrous. This was a period in which Romero’s feature film productions were scarce but he was extremely productive, writing dozens of scripts, treatments, and proposals even as he grew increasingly frustrated with the limitations of the film industry. This chapter shows how Romero articulates frustrations with greed and capitalism into systemic critiques in unfilmed projects such as Resident Evil (1998), in which the military-industrial complex has created a virus that might end the world, and Apartment Living (late 1980s–early 1990s), in which a trendy condo building literally feeds off new inhabitants, granting wealth and immortality to the established residents who “own” it, and an adaptation of R. L. Stein’s Young Adult book series Goosebumps, in which a factory owner’s control over his employees and their families extends long past their deaths.

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Rosene, Douglas L., and Kenneth J. Rhodes. "Cryoprotection and Freezing Methods to Control Ice Crystal Artifact in Frozen Sections of Fixed and Unfixed Brain Tissue." In Quantitative and Qualitative Microscopy, 360–85. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-185255-9.50026-2.

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Iaksch, Jaqueline, Ederson Fernandes, and Milton Borsato. "Digitalization and Big Data in Smart Farming – Bibliometric and Systemic Analysis." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde200068.

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Agriculture has always had a great significance in the civilization development. However, modern agriculture is facing increasing challenges due to population growth and environmental degradation. Commercially, farmers are looking for ways to improve profitability and agricultural efficiency to reduce costs. Smart Farming is enabling the use of detailed digital information to guide decisions along the agricultural value chain. Thus, better decisions and efficient management control are required through generated information and knowledge at any farm. New technologies and solutions have been applied to provide alternatives to assist in information gathering and processing, and thereby contribute to increased agricultural productivity. Therefore, this article aims to gain state-of-art insight and identify proposed solutions, trends and unfilled gaps regarding digitalization and Big Data applications in Smart Farming, through a literature review. The current study accomplished these goals through analyses based on ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist) methodology. A total of 2401 articles were found. Then, a quantitative analysis identified the most relevant ones among a total of 39 articles were included in a bibliometric and text mining analysis, which was performed to identify the most relevant journals and authors that stand out in the research area. A systemic analysis was also accomplished from these articles. Finally, research problems, solutions, opportunities, and new trends to be explored were identified.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Unfiied Control"

Wimmer, Stephanie A., Ming-Jen Pan, and Virginia G. DeGiorgi. "Three Dimensional Modeling of the Lamination of Unfired Ceramics With Fugitive Phases." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34986.

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The dimensional accuracy of finished ceramic components depends upon the precise control of the unfired ceramic body prior to sintering. One approach for creating precise geometries is the fugitive phase approach. In the fugitive phase approach, the fugitive phase is a sacrificial material that can be removed to form channels in the finished ceramic component. In this paper, the authors computationally examine the fugitive phase approach; in particular, the lamination step of the fugitive phase approach is modeled. In the lamination step the unfired ceramic phases are combined with the fugitive phases through the application of pressure. For this research, the unfired ceramic phase consists of tape cast mullite and the fugitive phase is paper. These phases are laminated together in a die press to form a multilayer material. The compression of the die press causes pressure gradients, viscoelastic deformation, and rebounding of the unfired ceramic phases. In addition, the die press can cause movement of the fugitive phase pieces leaving unfilled voids. Three dimensional modeling is necessary to accurately capture the movement of the fugitive phase pieces. In this work the authors examine the viscoelastic deformation of the unfired ceramic phase, movement of the fugitive phase, the creation and filling of voids, pressure gradients, and the rebounding that occurs when the unfired ceramic body is removed from the die press. The information obtained from computational simulations will be used to help direct experimental investigations of the fugitive phase approach for fabrication of complex ceramic components.

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Wimmer, Stephanie A., Ming-Jen Pan, and Virginia G. DeGiorgi. "Three Dimensional Modeling of Unfired Ceramics During Lamination." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37599.

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A finished ceramic component with complex geometries such as micro-channels requires a high degree of dimensional accuracy. This accuracy depends upon precise control of the unfired ceramic body before sintering. One method for creating precise micro-channel geometries is the fugitive phase approach. In this approach, a sacrificial material, the fugitive phase, is used to form channels or voids in the unfired ceramic body. The fugitive phase is removed or sacrificed during the subsequent sintering. For this paper, the authors examine the lamination step of the fugitive phase approach computationally. The lamination step is where the unfired ceramic and fugitive phase pieces are layered and pressed together to remove voids before sintering. The compression of the unfired ceramic during pressing causes pressure gradients, viscoelastic deformation, displacement of the fugitive phase pieces, and rebounding. Three dimensional modeling is used to capture out of plane movement or bending of the long fugitive phase pieces that are used to form long micro-channels. For this research, the unfired ceramic phase consists of tape cast mullite and the fugitive phase is paper. This work primarily examines viscoelastic material models of the unfired ceramic phase for a range of temperatures. The filling of voids, movement of the fugitive phases, pressure gradients, and the rebounding that occurs when the unfired ceramic body is removed from the die press are also noted. The information obtained from computational simulations is used to help direct concurrent experimental investigations.

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Ye, Qianying, Yanjun Li, Shuwen Pan, and Ji Xiang. "Power Flow for Grids with Unfixed Topologies by Using Deep Neural Network." In 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2018.8484077.

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Bluhm, Karl-Werner, John S. Joyce, and Anthoon Leemburg. "Decentralized Control and Automation of Gas Turbine and Combined-Cycle Power Plants." In ASME 1988 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/88-gt-221.

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Unfired combined-cycle power plants of Siemens/KWU design each comprise five different package-engineered functional areas of mechanical and associated electrical equipment which are matched to different fuels, site conditions and operating requirements in order to achieve optimum power generation with each application. A modular programmable microprocessor-based automation station allocated to each functional area sequentially controls and protects all the equipment therein. By means of a redundant bus system all the functionally distributed automation stations are connected to one another and to a central control room where VDU screens provide operators with an in-depth insight into the running performance status of the entire combined-cycle block at all times. Function keyboards and back-up conventional hardwired controls permit operators to intervene in the automatic operation of the station whenever desired.

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Lu, Pengcheng, Lei Xie, Junghui Chen, and Hongye Su. "An integrated design for batch process using optimal average profit control with unfixed terminal time." In 2016 35th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2016.7554040.

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Wei, Qinglai, and Derong Liu. "Optimal control for discrete-time nonlinear systems with unfixed initial state using adaptive dynamic programming." In 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2011 - San Jose). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2011.6033200.

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Kothari, Rohit, Pawan Mahalkar, Santosh K. Sahu, and Shailesh I. Kundalwal. "Experimental Investigations on Thermal Performance of PCM Based Heat Sink for Passive Cooling of Electronic Components." In ASME 2018 16th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2018-7732.

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In the present experimental study, an attempt has been made to study the efficient thermal management system based on phase change material for cooling of portable electronic devices. Paraffin wax is used as PCM to keep the temperature of electronic devices below critical temperature by absorbing thermal energy released by electronic components. PCM is filled inside the heat sink made of aluminum. Four different configuration of heat sink such as unfinned heat sink filled with pure PCM, two finned heat sink filled with pure PCM, unfinned heat sink filled with MF-PCM composite and two finned heat sink filled with MF-PCM composite are used in the present investigation to enhance the operating time of heat sink to reach critical set point temperature. Unfinned heat sink filled with and without PCM is used for baseline comparison. Effect of volume fraction of PCM, effect of heat flux and enhancement in operating time are reported in this study. Enhancement ratios are obtained for various heat sink configurations. The comparison of thermal performance of different configuration shows that higher enhancement ratio and effective thermal control is obtained with two finned metal foam heat sink.

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Zhang, Chuanlin, Pengfei Song, Jun Yang, and Xitong Niu. "Exact regulation for disturbed nonlinear systems with unfixe output and uncontrollable/unobservable linearisations." In 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2017.7979002.

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Asako, Y., and M. Faghri. "Effect of Density Change on Melting of Unfixed Rectangular Phase-Change Material Under Low-Gravity Environment." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0637.

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Abstract An enthalpy method is employed to solve transport processes associated with the effect of density change on melting of unfixed rectangular phase change material (PCM) under low-gravity environment. This method permits the phase-change problems to be solved within fixed numerical grids, hence eliminating the need for coordinate transformation. The PCM, initially and its melting temperature, is placed inside a rectangular enclosure. The lower surface of the enclosure is then exposed to a uniform temperature higher than the PCM melting temperature. The difference in densities of solid and liquid causes a force imbalance on the solid. In the case where the density of the solid phase exceeds that of the liquid, the solid continually moves downwards as melting progresses and hence generates a flow field within the liquid. The problem is formulated as a one-domain problem and the effect of density change at the solid/liquid interface is treated via source and sink terms at interface and the outflow boundaries. The governing equations are discretized by using a control-volume-based finite difference scheme. The results are presented in form of parametric study of the effects of solid/liquid density ratio, Archimedes number, Stefan number, Prandtl number and the geometric parameters on the melt thickness, the downward solid velocity, the elevation of the top surface and the volume of the solid PCM. In general, the effect of solid/liquid density ratio is small on melting characteristics in low-gravity environment.

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Nemec, Todd S., and William E. Lear. "Thermodynamic Design Point Study of a Semi-Closed Recuperated Intercooled Gas Turbine Combined With a Rankine Bottoming Cycle." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-434.

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A design point study of a semi-closed recuperated intercooled gas turbine combined with a closed, unfired, Rankine cycle is presented to demonstrate the overall thermodynamic design and efficiency tradeoffs for this type of cycle. Through its semi-closed design, having control over combustor equivalence ratio and recirculation flow exit pressure, this cycle provides improvements in emissions, specific power (net system power output divided by gas turbine inlet airflow), part power thermal efficiency, and overall system size relative to a combined cycle with an open cycle gas turbine. The relationship of design variables to cycle and component selection is discussed. Interface heat exchanger configuration, along with bottoming cycle choices of regeneration, feedwater heating, and fluid (H2O or DOWTHERM®A) are evaluated to determine their effects on mechanical design and thermal efficiency.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Unfiied Control"

Pope and Pope. L51653 Fracture Behavior of Girth Welds Containing Natural Defects Comparison with Existing Standards. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010132.

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The first use of radiographic standards for inspection and acceptance of finished girth welds was adopted by API in 1953. This standard was largely based on the Unfired Pressure Vessel Code� which was adopted by ASME in 1931. At that time and to this day, weld defect acceptance standards are based on workmanship principles. In other words, the so called "Workmanship defect acceptance standards"� reflect the weld quality levels produced by. a trained welder using satisfactory materials, equipment and procedures. For many years exclusive use was made of the API 1104 workmanship defect acceptance levels for all field pipeline and related facilities welds. This, and very similar defect acceptance standards (e.g. BS 4515, CSA 2184, AS 1697, etc.) are used in many countries throughout the world. Though the specified acceptance levels have no scientific basis, the use of workmanship standards has provided an adequate level of quality control for many years. Particularly worthy of attention in this context is the fact that the currently stipulated levels have been developed for welds in lower strength pipe grades. Unfortunately, the developments in acceptance levels have not kept pace with those occurring in-pipeline technology. Furthermore, pipe size, strength and toughness, weld metal properties or pipeline operating conditions are not considered in the present-day defect acceptance standards. Problems of this kind have led companies involved in gas/oil transporting activities to develop their own standard requirements or at least to produce a supplement to the general standards. This report describes the results of an investigation into the engineering significance of girth weld defect acceptance criteria based upon weld quality (or workmanship) considerations. To this end, research efforts were divided into a theoretical and an experimental part. The theoretical study involved a comparison of internationally used weld quality standards and codes for pipeline welding in order to identify the general features common to them and to obtain a clear view of the different acceptability criteria. The experimental part was designed to provide factual information on the failure behaviour of defective girth welds in large pipe diameter pipe lines. The focal point of the experimental examinations was to compare, on the basis of wide plate test specimen behaviour, the performance levels of girth welds containing planar weld defects which were grossly out of tolerance with respect to most present-day weld quality (workmanship standards) specifications.

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