Дисертації з теми "Understanding of ground"
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Clemensen, Andrea K. "Understanding Plant Secondary Metabolites; Above and Below Ground." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7090.
Повний текст джерелаCherkauer, Keith Aric. "Understanding the hydrologic effects of frozen soil /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10164.
Повний текст джерелаKarstens, Christopher Daniel. "Improved understanding of near-ground winds in hurricanes and tornadoes." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473223.
Повний текст джерелаHorton, Brian W. "Predicting common ground sequences from prosody, timing, friendship, and experience." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1174658582.
Повний текст джерелаWorthan, Shannon R. "Assessing the Impact of Information Channels on the Understanding of Ground Truth." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7433.
Повний текст джерелаLiebal, Kristin. "Infants' and young children's understanding of common ground and markedness in communication." Leipzig Leipziger Univ.-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998767654/04.
Повний текст джерелаBeetham, Paul. "Enhancing the understanding of lime stabilisation processes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19583.
Повний текст джерелаJones, Simon D. "Understanding large area tropical forest phenology using remotely sensed and ground data sources." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30405.
Повний текст джерелаChristie, Gordon A. "Collaborative Unmanned Air and Ground Vehicle Perception for Scene Understanding, Planning and GPS-denied Localization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83807.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Slettebak, John Andrew. "Professional practice and the middle ground : an understanding of order in participatory housing interventions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77688.
Повний текст джерелаMICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-62).
This paper argues that the professional involved with participatory housing interventions needs a new way to practice. The improvement of housing demands a constructive dialogue in a working context that defies rigid ways of solving problems. Meaningful contribution hinges on the professionals abilities to communicate in this unpredictable environment. The clear explanation of ideas and a willingness to develop them with others, requires a new understanding on which to base professional actions. The argument is built on two issues. A discussion of different ways to get things done explores the issue of order. Procedures and methods order decisions when goals are fixed and interests are easily managed. If these control s are not possible, an approach offers flexibility not found in more regular ways of ordering. The context that requires an approach is the second issue. This is the middle ground, where decisions are ordered by the participation of those involved. Change is assembled piecemeal, as participants meet, discuss and make informed decisions. Order and context are developed in the argument that follows. Housing is presented as a complex subject that avoids simple definition. It changes naturally over time; a characteristic that reflects the needs of users, but has proven a nemesis for those intervening. A brief history of intervention evaluates the housing order that has resulted. It is concluded that natural change requires those affected to also take part in making decisions. This participation means the sharing of control, a condition outside of the present norm. For housing interventions to be participatory, a new context must be recognised - the middle ground. The last section speculates on professional practice on the middle ground. In addition to traditional expertise, the professional must learn to support change. Interactions with a variety of participants require new skills that explain ideas legibly, and then facilitate their development with others. It is proposed that this new understanding is needed in participatory housing interventions.
by John Andrew Slettebak.
M.Arch.
Gidén, Hember Amanda. "Understanding Green Energy Technology : Learning Processes in the Development of the Ground Source Heat Pump." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414021.
Повний текст джерелаColby, Thomas D. "Understanding defeat how air and ground formations should work together to defeat enemy fielded forces /." CLICK HERE TO VIEW:, 2004. https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2004/ari/Colby.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGalambos, Istvan. "Improved understanding of performance of local controls linking the above and below ground components of urban flood flows." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4063.
Повний текст джерелаOaks, D'Arcy John. "The effect of coordination and common ground in online discussion a comparison of interactive processes in chat vs electronic bulletin boards /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1174490042.
Повний текст джерелаBüch, Florian. "Seismic response of Little Red Hill - towards an understanding of topographic effects on ground motion and rock slope failure." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1251.
Повний текст джерелаDytynyshyn, David. "Heaven to Earth : an empirical, phenomenological, and theological contribution to understanding Canadian fighter pilot air-to-ground combat experiences." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40338.
Повний текст джерелаBetween 30 October 2014 and 15 February 2016, CF-18 fighter pilots conducted 251 air strikes over Iraq and Syria in support of the coalition air campaign Operation IMPACT. Vulnerable to a combination of unique stressors associated with air-to-ground combat, fighterpilots were also exposed to Canadian media accusations of moral violations resulting from civilian casualties. No research to date has been conducted specifically on combat experiences and the well-being of active fighter pilots. Situated at the crossroads of human sciences and theology, this inquiry is guided by the following research question: What theological insights into Canadian fighter pilot air-to-ground combat experiences would help military stakeholders make decisions contributing to pilot well-being as pilots prepare for and participate in future air campaigns? Research Approach. The researcher, a military chaplain, interviewed six CF-18 fighter pilots stationed at Canadian Forces Base Bagotville who supported Operation IMPACT. Six transcribed pilot interviews became the pilot corpus analyzed for this inquiry. Using a multi-method approach within the phenomenological genre of the qualitative research tradition, the meaning pilots attributed to their combat experience was analyzed first, by an empathic reading, then by a critical reading of the pilot corpus. From this analysis, stress and the diptych honour/shame were identified, respectively, as the key phenomena to interpreting pilot combat experiences. Since stress and honour/shame are universal to all humanity, an understanding of these phenomena was enriched through an analysis of a theological corpus of literature from the past. The gospel corpus, comprised of the four gospel accounts within the canon of the New Testament, provided an account of the life-world of Jesus Christ and other biblical characters. Examples of the phenomena of stress and honour/shame were identified in the gospel corpus and interpreted using a textual, sociological, and experiential orientation. Two specific episodes, Luke 7:36-50 and Luke 15:11-32, were then analyzed in more depth. Conclusions. From the analysis of the pilot corpus and the analysis of the gospel corpus, an interpretive dialogue between the human sciences and the Christian tradition was undertaken. As a result of this discussion, our understanding of honour/shame experienced by biblical characters is enriched. In addition, recommendations are offered to assist in the formulation of policies and practices that will improve the well-being of our CF-18 fighter pilots as they prepare for and participate in future air campaigns.
Schomerus, Volker [Verfasser]. "Context-Supported Lane Estimation : Understanding the Scene by Learning Spatial Relations Between Semantic Features and Virtual Ground Truth / Volker Schomerus." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122545401/34.
Повний текст джерелаOliver, Jeff. "A view from the ground : understanding the 'place' of the Fraser Valley in the changing contexts of a colonial world." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427251.
Повний текст джерелаMetcalfe, Daniel Benjamin. "Understanding the effects of drought upon carbon allocation and cycling in an Amazonian rain forest." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6574.
Повний текст джерелаSanchez, Merino Leopoldo Antonio. "Receiver, bearer, and giver of God's Spirit Jesus' life and mission in the Spirit as a ground for understanding christology, Trinity, and proclamation /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
Повний текст джерелаPfister, Lena [Verfasser], and Christoph K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Thomas. "Improving our Understanding of the Atmospheric Weak-wind Boundary Layer using Spatially Explicit Observations near the Ground Surface / Lena Pfister ; Betreuer: Christoph K. Thomas." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1238143474/34.
Повний текст джерелаHesford, Nicholas James. "An above and below ground approach to understanding the impacts of the cultivation and management of short rotation coppice willow on biodiversity and ecosystem processes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707229.
Повний текст джерелаSahrom, Sofyan. "Beyond jump height: Understanding the kinematics and kinetics of the countermovement jump from vertical ground reaction force data through the use of higher-order time derivatives." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2235.
Повний текст джерелаSchomerus, Volker [Verfasser], and Dr Ing Wahl Friedrich M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Prof. "Context-Supported Lane Estimation - Understanding the Scene by Learning Spatial Relations Between Semantic Features and Virtual Ground Truth / Volker Schomerus ; Betreuer: Friedrich M. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wahl." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1175818127/34.
Повний текст джерелаHood, Adam. "The ground and nature of religious belief in the work of John Macmurray, John Baillie and John Oman, with special reference to their understanding of the relation between ordinary experience and religious belief." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6c8498b2-15ee-4e52-a6ec-bee25e1480d7.
Повний текст джерелаWallace, Rick L., Nakia J. Woodward, and Rachel R. Walden. "Understanding User Needs Through Focus Groups." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8704.
Повний текст джерелаSibiya, Sydney Langelihle. "Ethical aspects of traditional male circumcision among certain ethnic groups in South Africa : the grounds for change and societal intervention." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86647.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditional male circumcision (TMC) is non-therapeutic ritual removal of the penile foreskin of a male person undertaken as part of a rite of passage from childhood into adulthood and manhood. The practice of TMC has received increased attention in recent years as a result primarily of complications that have led to hospitalization, penile amputations, and death of initiates. This study is a literature review and philosophical-ethical reflection with the following objectives: • To explain the current problems that beset TMC in South Africa • To explore the socio-cultural context in which TMC takes place in South Africa • To engage in ethical deliberation on the harms and benefits of TMC and determine whether, in its current form, the practice constitutes a net harm or benefit • To establish the ethical basis on which society ought to intervene in TMC, and to explore the modes of intervention proposed. Kepe (2010:729-730) identifies three concurrent crises that beset TMC in South Africa- the crisis of disease, injuries, and death suffered by some initiates, the crisis of the tension between the government and traditional leaders with regards to government intervention in TMC, and the crisis of the uncontrolled and negative way in which societal changes have impacted on the practice of traditional male circumcision. Male circumcision is the most widely accepted cultural practice among the Xhosa-speaking people of South Africa, and it is considered to be the only manner in which a boy can attain manhood and adulthood (Vincent, 2008). In view of the ongoing, unambiguous and preventable harm associated with TMC as it is currently practised, I think that it ought not to be allowed to continue in its current format. But I also think that the defect in TMC is remediable. I therefore feel sufficiently warranted to advocate for intervention to make the practice safer for all concerned. Intervention in TMC may be justified on public health, socio-cultural, autonomy, and beneficence grounds.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tradisionele manlike besnyding (TMB) is die nie-terapeutiese, rituele verwydering van die peniele voorhuid van ’n manspersoon. Dit word gedoen as deel van ’n seremonie van oorgang vanaf kinderjare na volwassenheid en manlikheid. Die praktyk van TMB het die afgelope jare toenemende aandag geniet, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van komplikasies van die prosedure wat gelei het tot hospitalisasie, peniele amputasies en dood van die persone wat geïnisieer is. Hierdie studie is ’n literatuuroorsig en filosofies-etiese refleksie met die volgende doelwitte: • Om die huidige probleme met TMB in Suid-Afrika te verduidelik • Om die sosio-kulturele konteks waarin TMB in Suid-Afrika plaasvind, te ondersoek • Om vanuit etiese oorweging te verduidelik wat die nadele en voordele van TMB is en te bepaal of die praktyk, in die huidige vorm, suiwer nadelig of voordelig is • Om die etiese basis waarop die gemeenskap in TMB behoort in te tree, asook die voorgestelde metode van intervensie, te ondersoek. Kepe (2010:729-730) identifiseer drie samevallende krisisse wat TMB in Suid- Afrika insluit – die probleem van siekte, beserings en dood ondervind deur sommige inisiandi, spanning tussen die regering en tradisionele leiers met betrekking tot regerings-intervensie in TMB, en die ongekontroleerde en negatiewe wyse waarin samelewingsveranderinge ’n impak het op die praktyk van tradisionele manlike besnyding. Manlike besnyding is die mees algemene aanvaarde kulturele praktyk in die Xhosa-sprekende mense van Suid-Afrika. Dit word beskou as die enigste manier waarop ‘n seun manlikheid en volwassenheid kan bereik (Vincent, 2008). In die lig van die voortdurende, ondubbelsinnige en voorkomende nadele wat geassosieer word met TMB soos dit tans beoefen word, dink ek dit behoort nie toegelaat te word in die huidige formaat nie. Maar ek dink ook dat die gebrek in TMB herstelbaar is. Daarom voel ek genoegsaam verseker om intervensie te verdedig om die praktyk veiliger te maak vir almal betrokke. Intervensie in TMB mag geregverdig word op grond van publieke , sosiaalkulturele en outonomiese voordele.
Aakur, Sathyanarayanan Narasimhan. "Beyond Labels and Captions: Contextualizing Grounded Semantics for Explainable Visual Interpretation." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7718.
Повний текст джерелаMoody, Anthony L. "Towards understanding the distribution of groups of foragers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318966.
Повний текст джерелаShaker, Sahba. "Understanding informal segregation : racial and spatial identities among the Indian minority of Mokopane." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18375.
Повний текст джерелаHinrichs, Brian R. McNeal Larry. "Understanding situational leadership and its relationship to student project groups." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9835908.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from title page screen, viewed July 3, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Larry McNeal (chair), Dianne Ashby, George Padavil, Lemuel Watson, Kenneth Crapes. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-259) and abstract. Also available in print.
Wallace, Rick L., Nakia J. Woodward, and Emily C. Weyant. "Re-Thinking our Understanding of User Needs Through Focus Groups." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8701.
Повний текст джерелаChalmers, Christina. "Primary students' group metacognitive processes in a computer supported collaborative learning environment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/29819/1/Christina_Chalmers_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаChalmers, Christina. "Primary students' group metacognitive processes in a computer supported collaborative learning environment." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29819/.
Повний текст джерелаCodio, Sherley. "Understanding Community Privacy through Focus Group Studies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32200.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Hanson, Sarah. "Towards an understanding of walking groups as a health promoting intervention." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59466/.
Повний текст джерелаHutchinson, Andrew John. "Understanding successful physical activity behaviour change using a grounded theory methodology." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2009. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/17709/.
Повний текст джерелаCorapi, Susan. "Exploring intercultural understanding through global children's literature and educator study groups." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635959.
Повний текст джерелаEngagement with global children's literature is an effective way to introduce multiple perspectives into the classroom dialogue. Yet teachers are often unfamiliar with ways of helping students understand diverse cultural practices and beliefs. The result is that global children's literature continues to be an underused resource.
This action research study looked at 25 highly diverse educator study groups as they used global literature with pre-K - 12 students. The goal was to support the development of intercultural understanding. The study groups received $1,000 grants from Worlds of Words (wowlit.org) to fund their yearlong inquiry. The groups met face-to-face throughout the year to reflect on the interactions taking place in their classrooms. All groups met online on a members-only site. Data collected included proposals, reports, teacher vignettes, and interviews. The data was used to document range of study group structures and interactions with global literature. The study groups and online forum were supported by a grant from the Longview Foundation.
Through constant comparative analysis, new transformative understandings were identified. Key elements in the development of intercultural understanding included open inquiry, recognition of complexity and multiple perspectives, thinking about culture at a conceptual level, and engaging in open dialogue. Teachers reported an increased understanding of their competence as professionals, their student's competence as problem-posers and thinkers, and the parents' competence as important contributors to intercultural understanding.
The study concludes with implications for practitioners wanting to engage in classroom inquiries using global literature to support developing intercultural understanding. A second set of implications suggests ways in which the study group process can be made more effective. New questions are proposed for future research related to the use of global literature in various contexts, including classrooms, online professional development, and libraries.
Lloyd, Susannah. "Understanding the experience of prophylactic bilateral mastectomy : a grounded theory study." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302194.
Повний текст джерелаHart, Claire M. "Free-riders, faultlines and fissions : understanding transformations within small task groups." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414692.
Повний текст джерелаLeondar-Wright, Betsy. "Missing Class: How Understanding Class Cultures Can Strengthen Social Movement Groups." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3697.
Повний текст джерелаWhat are the class culture differences among US progressive social movement groups? This mixed-methods study finds that activists speak and act differently depending on their class background, current class and upward, downward or steady class trajectory, confirming previous research on cultural capital and conditioned class predispositions. In 2007-8, 34 meetings of 25 groups in four movement traditions were observed in five states; 364 demographic surveys were collected; and 61 interviews were conducted. I compared activists' approaches to six frequently mentioned group problems. * Lifelong-working-class activists, usually drawn in through preexisting affiliations, relied on recruitment incentives such as food and one-on-one relationships. Both disempowered neophytes and experienced powerhouses believed in strength in numbers, had positive attitudes towards trustworthy leaders, and stressed loyalty and unity. * Lifelong-professional-middle-class (PMC) activists, usually individually committed to a cause prior to joining, relied on shared ideas to recruit. They focused more on internal organizational development and had negative attitudes towards leadership. Subsets of PMC activists behaved differently: lower professionals communicated tentatively and avoided conflict, while upper-middle-class people were more assertive and polished. * Upwardly mobile straddlers tended to promote their moral certainties within groups. A subset, uprooted from their working-class backgrounds but not assimilated into professional circles, sometimes pushed self-righteously and brought discord into groups. * Voluntarily downwardly mobile activists, mostly young white anarchists, drew the strongest ideological boundaries and had the most distinct movement culture. Mistrustful of new people and sometimes seeing persuasion as coercive, they had the weakest recruitment and group cohesion methods. Analysis of class speech differences found that working-class activists spoke more often but more briefly in meetings, preferred more concrete speech, and used more teasing and self-deprecating humor. The professional-middle-class (in background and/or current class) spoke longer but less often, preferred more abstract vocabulary, and used less negative humor. Group styles were formed by the interplay of members' predominant class trajectories and groups' movement traditions. Better understanding these class culture differences would enable activists to strengthen cross-class alliances to build more powerful social movements
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
Rossitto, Chiara. "Managing Work at Several Places : Understanding Nomadic Practices in Student Groups." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Datavetenskap och kommunikation, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9827.
Повний текст джерелаPage, Nathaniel W. "International Student Support Groups: Understanding Experiences of Group Members and Leaders." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5565.
Повний текст джерелаScott, Tianeka S. "Understanding Hydrogen Bonding in Photoenolization." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378196534.
Повний текст джерелаShin, Hannah. "Career anchors : understanding differences among demographic groups at the Naval Postgraduate School." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401552.
Повний текст джерела"December 2001". Thesis advisor(s): Jansen, Erik; Hocevar, Susan P. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97). Also available online.
Raphael, Helen Mary. "A grounded theory study of men's perceptions, understanding and experiences of osteoporosis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494518.
Повний текст джерелаTejerina, Veronica. "The understanding of the concept of development by indigenous groups in Bolivia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514443.
Повний текст джерелаVella, Lydia Roseanna. "Understanding parenting groups : parents' experiences and objective change in parent-child interaction." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5781/.
Повний текст джерелаNassiff, Edwin Frank. "Understanding the Value of Enterprise Architecture for Organizations: A Grounded Theory Approach." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/258.
Повний текст джерелаRoss, Nancy J. "Facilitating shared understanding| A grounded theory for decision-making in pain management." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10137454.
Повний текст джерелаInadequate and inconsistent nursing practices related to pain management are a significant problem facing stakeholders in the health care industry. The purpose of the research study was twofold: (a) to explore the processes used by registered nurses’ for clinical decision making regarding pain management in the acute care setting and (b) to develop a substantive theory using grounded theory by examining the emergent data from the perceptions of as many as 20 registered nurses. The study explored registered nurses’ perceptions of the process of clinical decision-making in pain management within the context of social norms of nursing care and the setting in which practice takes place. The exploration of the complex dynamics of clinical decision-making in pain management was guided by the principles of classic grounded theory. Fourteen registered nurses (n=14) participated in an interview process and provided their perceptions of the clinical decision-making process in pain management. Through an inductive iterative process of constant comparative analysis, patterns of conceptual relationships were revealed closing the theory-practice gap in the literature for the substantive problem of inadequate pain management and the process of clinical decision-making in pain management. The substantive theory that emerged from the data is facilitating shared understanding: registered nurses partnering through relating, referring, advocating, and bargaining with the patient, and members of the health care team to make patient-centered clinical decisions in pain management.