Статті в журналах з теми "Underground fluid storage"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Underground fluid storage.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Underground fluid storage".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Yang, Shang Yang, and Long Yun Zhang. "Analysis on Rock Mass Around an Underground Crude Oil Storage Caverns in Containment of Groundwater Considering Fluid Solid Coupling." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1918.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Triaxial compression tests have been performed to determine the properties of the rock mass around an unlining underground crude oil storage caverns which is the first one in China. The execution situation of the tunnel project and the seepage law of groundwater are taken into account; the stress and the seepage field around the tunnel in different working states are simulated by applying Comsol around a underground crude oil storage caverns.According to the test results, it was found that the excavation process may arise the local damage,the extension of the excavation induced loose zone ranges from 0 to 15.6 m, depending on the buried depth of the caverns. According to numerical simulation results, the crown settlement and stress concentration is depended on the buried depth and the water pressure distribution after the excavation of the main cavity. This research results can provide the reference for analysis on the stability of the underground cavities under low stress level and on the water sealed underground petroleum storage rock caverns.
2
Volovetskyi, V. B., Ya V. Doroshenko, A. O. Bugai, G. M. Kogut, P. M. Raiter, Y. M. Femiak, and R. V. Bondarenko. "Developing measures to eliminate of hydrate formation in underground gas storages." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 111, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9996.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this article is the analysys of methods for preventing and eliminating hydrates formations, classifying them and choosing the best ones for use in underground gas storage facilities. Comprehensive measures for the stable operation of gas storage facilities in the presence of conditions for the occurrence of hydrates formations were developed. Zones, being potentially prone to the hydrates formation during the gas storage facilities operation were identified. The operational parameters of gas storage wells during gas withdrawal are analyzed. The identified wells were operated under difficult conditions due to the deposition of hydrates on the wellheads, in flowlines and process equipment of gas storage facilities. The places of the highest hydrates accumulation on underground gas storages were determined: from the bottomhole of wells to the gas purification unit of the gas gathering station. Hydrate-prone zones were identified by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling at the location of regulating choke installations in underground gas storage facilities. The zones of the greatest hydrates accumulation on underground gas storages were determined: from the bottomhole of wells to the gas purification unit of the gas gathering station. The analysis of the methods used in gas storage facilities of Ukraine to prevent and eliminate hydrates formation was out. A set of measures was proposed to prevent the hydrates formation in storage facilities to ensure their stable operation. Based on the Euler approach (Mixture model) by CFD modeling, zones prone to hydrates formation were determined at the installation site of regulating chokes in underground gas storages. The influence of the degree of fittings opening on the location of potential zones prone to hydrates formation was estimated. The gas-dynamic processes in the internal cavity of the gas pipeline at the installation site of the control fittings were studied and their influence on the distribution of bulk particles of the gaseous and liquid phases was established. Based on the studies performed, it was recommended to change periodically the mode of well operation for a certain time by opening or closing the regulating choke under favorable conditions for the formation of hydrates, especially at low ambient temperatures. The obtained results of experimental studies and calculations showed that in order to solve the problem of hydrates formation at gas storage facilities, it is advisable to use diverse measures through the introduction of modern intelligent systems for monitoring and controlling the technological process. Further refinement of the algorithm of the proposed monitoring and control system with its approbation in production was provided. The results of the experimental studies and CFD modeling carried out allowed providing a more reasonable approach to the application of various available methods and measures to prevent hydrates formation in underground gas storage facilities. This approach made it possible to develop new effective ways and measures to prevent such complication. Based on the conducted experimental studies and modeling, the major zones prone to hydrates formation in underground gas storages were determined. The developed measures will allow timely detection and prevention of hydrates formation at gas storage facilities are original.
3
Mohamed, Sameera Mohamed, Hamd-Allah Allah, and Hayder Saeed Fukaa Fukaa. "Simulation of underground storage / UM EL-Radhuma Formation-Ratawi field." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i2.233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of underground storage of gas in Um El-Radhuma formation /Ratawi field. This formation is an aquifer consisting of a high permeable dolomitebeds overlain by impermeable anhydrite bed of Rus formation. Interactive petrophysics (IP), Petrel REand Eclipse 100 softwares were used to conduct a well log interpretation, build a reservoir simulationmodel and predict the reservoir behavior during storage respectively. A black oil, three dimensionaland two phase fluid model has been used. The results showed that the upper part of Um El-Radhumaformation is suitable for underground gas storage, because of the seal of its cap rock and capability ofreserving gas in the reservoir. It was found that available volume for storage is 14.3 billion cubic feetwith a structural closure of 45 m. the optimum injection rate has been calculated also.
4
Stutz, Hans Henning, Peter Norlyk, Kenneth Sørensen, Lars Vabbersgaard Andersen, Kenny Kataoka Sørensen, and Johan Clausen. "Finite element modelling of an energy-geomembrane underground pumped hydroelectric energy storage system." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020507001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing need for energy storage technology has led to a massive interest in novel energy storage methods. The energy geomembrane system is such a novel energy storage method. The concept of the system is briefly introduced, and a holistic numerical model of the system is presented. The model uses advanced finite-element techniques to model the energy storage system using fluid cavity elements. The developed geomembrane energy system is modelled with different constitutive models to represent the soil behaviour: a linear elastic model, a nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb model, and a hypoplastic constitutive model. The consequences of these different models on the results are studied. Hereby, the focus is the first inflation and deflation cycle of the system.
5
Soltanzadeh, M., SJS Hakim, MHW Ibrahim, S. Shahidan, SN Mokhatar, and AJMS Lim. "Geomechanical effects of co2 storage in geological structures: two case studies." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 11, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v11i1.31858.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Storage of CO2 in subsurface can assist to mitigate CO2 emission without extensively interfering with industrial activity and development. The main reason for geological storage to trap CO2 underground for a long time. However, the injection of CO2 may compromise the sealing characteristics of the caprock and, consequently, the containment of the underground CO2 storage unit as well. For instance, the injection of CO2 into a reservoir resulted in pore pressure and temperature changes leading to deformation and stress changes in the injection target and the rocks that surround it. These changes can influence the hydraulic integrity of the geological storage. The potential hazards could then impose different environmental, health, safety, and economic risks. Therefore, the geomechanical assessment of caprock integrity is critical for the storage of carbon dioxide. This research reviewed two different cases of underground CO2 storage in Canada and the workflows used for the assessment of geomechanical effects of CO2 injection on caprock integrity. It reviewed the processes of data collection, geomechanical characterization, and fluid flow modeling. These reviews highlighted the significance of geomechanical characterization and the fact that it is faced with significance challenges that could be addressed by data integration and geostatistical analysis. These reviewed studies implemented both analytical and numerical geomechanical models. While analytical models seem to be great choices for preliminary geomechanical analysis, numerical models are also necessary for a more detailed analysis. Â
6
Brkić, Vladislav, Ivan Zelenika, Petar Mijić, and Igor Medved. "Underground Gas Storage Process Optimisation with Respect to Reservoir Parameters and Production Equipment." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 4324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The storage of natural gas in geological structures such as depleted fields, aquifers and salt caverns plays an important role in a gas supply system as it balances the fluctuation of gas demand and price. Hydraulic loss due to fluid flow through gas storage production equipment and an interfering effect from nonequal productivity index of storage wells may have an important influence on gas storage performance. An integrated mathematical model is developed based on underground gas storage facility production data. Using this model, the hydraulic loss is determined. A real test case that consists of a gas storage reservoir linked to the surface facility is analysed. The mathematical model uses an experimentally determined pressure drop coefficient in chokes. The base case scenario created using real gas storage facility data enables the achievement of a good history match with the given parameters of the gas storage reservoir. Using the history match simulation case as an initial scenario (a base case), two different scenarios are created to determine the injection and withdrawal performance of the gas storage field. The results indicate that the pressure drop in chokes, when fully open as a constraints in an underground gas storage facility, has a significant impact on gas storage operations and deliverability.
7
Michael, Karsten, Ludovic Ricard, Linda Stalker, and Allison Hortle. "The CSIRO In-Situ Laboratory: a field laboratory for derisking underground gas storage." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The industry in western Australia has committed to addressing their carbon emissions in response to the governments aspiration of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Natural gas will play an important role in the transition to a fully renewable energy market but will require the geological storage of carbon dioxide to limit emissions and enable the production of blue hydrogen. Underground storage of energy in general (e.g. natural gas, hydrogen, compressed air) will be needed increasingly for providing options for temporary storage of energy from renewable resources and for energy export. Storage operations would need to provide adequate monitoring systems in compliance with yet to be defined regulations and to assure the public that potential leakage or induced seismicity could be confidently detected, managed and remediated. The In-Situ Laboratory in the southwest of western Australia was established in 2019 as a research field site to support low emissions technologies development and provides a unique field site for fluid injection experiments in a fault zone and testing of monitoring technologies between 400m depth and the ground surface. The site currently consists of three wells instrumented with fibre optics, pressure, temperature and electric resistivity sensors as well as downhole geophones. A controlled release of CO2 and various water injection tests have demonstrated the ability to detect pressure and temperature effects associated with fluid injection. Future experiments planned at the site will help in improving the sensitivity of monitoring technologies and could contribute to defining adequate monitoring requirements for carbon dioxide, hydrogen and other energy storage operations.
8
Gajda, Dawid, and Marcin Lutyński. "Hydrogen Permeability of Epoxy Composites as Liners in Lined Rock Caverns—Experimental Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 3885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093885.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy production from renewable energy sources is not stable and any fluctuations in energy productions need to be eliminated with underground energy storage. Demand of underground gas storage will be increasing, due to the switching to green energy, while the availability of underground storage sites, especially salt caverns suitable for hydrogen storage, is limited. The purpose of this paper is to compare the hydrogen permeability of different materials and select a proper liner material for hydrogen storage in Liner Rock Caverns or post mine workings. A variety of materials, like concrete, polymer concrete, epoxy resin, salt rock, and mudstone, were tested for gas permeability/hydrogen diffusion, using the combined Steady-State Flow/Carrier Gas methods. Results are shown in different units, providing the opportunity to compare the results with literature data. The permeability value of investigated epoxy resin is comparable to the salt rock (after creep process), which makes the epoxy resin a promising sealing liner for hydrogen and potential substitution of stainless-steel in Lined Rock Cavern (LRC) gas storage.
9
Shang-Yang, Yang, Li Shu-Cai, Xue Yi-Guo, and Zhang Qing-Song. "Fluid Solid Coupling Analysis of Large Underground Oil Storage Caverns in Containment of Groundwater." International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijhit.2016.9.11.35.
Повний текст джерела
10
Pujades, Estanislao, Angelique Poulain, Philippe Orban, Pascal Goderniaux, and Alain Dassargues. "The Impact of Hydrogeological Features on the Performance of Underground Pumped-Storage Hydropower (UPSH)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Underground pumped storage hydropower (UPSH) is an attractive opportunity to manage the production of electricity from renewable energy sources in flat regions, which will contribute to the expansion of their use and, thus, to mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) in the atmosphere. A logical option to construct future UPSH plants consists of taking advantage of existing underground cavities excavated with mining purposes. However, mines are not waterproofed, and there will be an underground water exchange between the surrounding geological medium and the UPSH plants, which can impact their efficiency and the quality of nearby water bodies. Underground water exchanges depend on hydrogeological features, such as the hydrogeological properties and the groundwater characteristics and behavior. In this paper, we numerically investigated how the hydraulic conductivity (K) of the surrounding underground medium and the elevation of the piezometric head determined the underground water exchanges and their associated consequences. The results indicated that the efficiency and environmental impacts on surface water bodies became worse in transmissive geological media with a high elevation of the piezometric head. However, the expected environmental impacts on the underground medium increased as the piezometric head became deeper. This assessment complements previous ones developed in the same field and contributes to the definition of (1) screening strategies for selecting the best places to construct future UPSH plants and (2) design criteria to improve their efficiency and minimize their impacts.
11
Benetatos, Christoforos, Giulia Codegone, Carmela Ferraro, Andrea Mantegazzi, Vera Rocca, Giorgio Tango, and Francesco Trillo. "Multidisciplinary Analysis of Ground Movements: An Underground Gas Storage Case Study." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 3487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents a multi-physics investigation of the ground movements related to the cyclical and seasonal injection and withdrawal of natural gas in/from a depleted reservoir located in the Po Plain area, Italy. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAr) data (from 2003) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data (from 2008) provided a full and coherent panorama of almost two decades of ground movement in the monitored area (more extended than the field boundary). The analysis of the acquired millimetric-scale movements together with the detailed geological analysis, both at reservoir and at regional scale, represents the focal point for understanding the investigated phenomena. Based on this information, a fully integrated and multidisciplinary geological, fluid-flow and geomechanical numerical modeling approach was developed to reproduce the main geometrical and structural features of the involved formations together with the poromechanics processes induced by the storage operations. The main achievement of the adopted methodology is a deep knowledge of the system and the involved processes, which is mandatory for the safety of the urbanized areas and the effective management of the underground resources.
12
Chi, Mingbo, Zhiguo Cao, Quansheng Li, Yong Zhang, Baoyang Wu, Bao Zhang, Yi Yang, and Xiaoqing Liu. "Water Supply and Regulation of Underground Reservoir in Coal Mine considering Coal-Water Occurrence Relationship." Geofluids 2022 (January 22, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2892964.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water supply prediction and control is one of the key issues in exploitation of coal mine underground reservoirs (CMUR). In order to investigate the water supply for underground reservoirs in coal mines, the aquifers were classified into three types (types I, II, and III) according to the relative location of aquifers. The discrete element fluid structure coupling numerical simulation model is constructed according to the classification results. The numerical simulation parameters are inversed based on the surface subsidence data and the advance support pressure, and then, the disturbed characteristics and water pressure variation law of different types of aquifers are studied. The research results show that the maximum water inflow of type III, type II, and type I aquifers is 739 m3/h, 377 m3/h, and 279 m3/h, respectively. The dynamic calculation process of underground reservoir capacity under mining disturbance is refined, and the regulation and storage methods of underground reservoir are preliminarily put forward.
13
Wu, Di, Gangqiang Kong, Hanlong Liu, Qiang Jiang, Qing Yang, and Liang Kong. "Performance of a full-scale energy pile for underground solar energy storage." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 27 (October 2021): 101313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101313.
Повний текст джерела
14
Zhang, Hongyu, Fei Gan, Guangqin Huang, Chunlong Zhuang, Xiaodong Shen, Shengbo Li, Lei Cheng, Shanshan Hou, Ningge Xu, and Zhenqun Sang. "Study on Heat Storage Performance of Phase Change Reservoir in Underground Protection Engineering." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 7, 2022): 5731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155731.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In view of the main problems of the condensing heat discharge modes of the existing underground air-conditioning system, the technical scheme of using phase change heat storage modules to improve the heat storage capacity of the reservoir is proposed. By establishing a 3D flow and transient heat transfer model of the phase change reservoir, the effects of thermal property parameters, package size and arrangement of the phase change heat storage modules on the heat storage performance of the phase change reservoir were quantitatively analyzed based on three indexes: heat storage capacity per volume Δq, guaranteed efficiency coefficient η and slope of temperature rise per unit load ε. The results show that when the phase change temperature is 29 °C (23 °C increased to 33 °C) and the latent heat value is 250 kJ/kg (100 kJ/kg increased to 250 kJ/kg), Δq (110.92 MJ/m3, 112.83 MJ/m3) and η (1.22, 1.24) under both conditions are at their most, respectively, indicating that the phase change temperature should be less than 4 °C at the outlet temperature of the reservoir, and phase change materials with a high latent heat should be selected in engineering design whenever possible. When the size of the phase change module is 150 mm × 20 mm and the phase change reservoir adopts four intakes, ε (0.259, 0.244) under both conditions is the smallest, indicating that increasing the area of the phase change heat storage module and the fluid and increasing the inlet disturbance of the reservoir can enhance its heat storage capacity.
15
Cobos, Jacquelin E., Yassin Kissami, Issam Abdolkareem Alkutaini, and Erik G. Søgaard. "Microcalorimetric Study of Carbonating Produced Water as a Promising CO2 Storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery Method." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082888.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbonated produced water injection (CPWI) might be considered an efficient alternative to handle the largest waste stream while enhancing the oil recovery and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) underground. This study was an attempt to get a deeper understanding of the oil recovery process through synergy between spontaneous imbibition and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments. The results from the spontaneous imbibition experiments showed 7% to 11% additional oil recovery in comparison with plain produced water. Rock–fluid and fluid–fluid interactions, evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments, confirmed that the CPW interactions with oil+EFB+chalk and oil+EFB systems are much more exothermic than those with plain PW in those systems. The synergy between spontaneous imbibition and ITC experiments provides an improved understanding of carbonated water injection in carbonate reservoirs.
16
Menéndez, Javier, and Jorge Loredo. "Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 5142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]
17
Streit, Jürgen E., and Richard R. Hillis. "Estimating fault stability and sustainable fluid pressures for underground storage of CO2 in porous rock." Energy 29, no. 9-10 (July 2004): 1445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.078.
Повний текст джерела
18
Zhou, Xin, Yuejin Zhou, Xiaoding Xu, Chunlin Zeng, and Chaobin Zhu. "Hydraulic Characteristics Analysis of Double-Bend Roadway of Abandoned Mine Pumped Storage." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 3958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053958.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The roadway of an abandoned mine is an ideal site for the construction of underground pumped storage hydropower, but the operation of the power station is deeply restricted by the structural characteristics of the roadway. With the common double-bend roadway of an abandoned mine as the research object, this study conducted numerical simulations based on the theory of mass conservation and momentum conservation and explored the law of the flow field characteristics and energy loss of a double-bend roadway with the roadway structure and angle. The results showed that a velocity gradient and a pressure gradient form from the outer wall to the inner wall when the fluid flows through the two bends of the roadway. The low-speed zone and maximum positive pressure appeared at the outside of the bend, while the high-speed zone and maximum negative pressure appeared at the inside of the bend. As the angle rose, the peak value of positive pressure increased correspondingly when the fluid flowed through Model A, whereas the negative pressure displayed a fluctuating trend of increasing first and then decreasing and reached its peak when β = 45°. By contrast, when the fluid flowed through Model B, the velocity gradient was symmetrically distributed at the two bends. The peak value of the positive pressure of the first bend increased, and the other positive and negative pressures displayed a trend of “first increasing and then decreasing” when the angle increased, and they reached their peak when β = 45°. When β ≥ 60°, the fluid formed a backflow zone when it flowed through each bend. With an increase in the angle, the area of the backflow zone increased correspondingly. The head loss of the two models increased with the angle. At the same angle, the head loss of Model B was greater than that of Model A. According to the requirement of abandoned mine pumped storage, the roadways with a bend angle of 15° or 30° in Model A and 15° in Model B can be used. The research results can provide some reference for the underground space exploitation and utilization of abandoned mine pumped storage.
19
Osipov, Yuri, Galina Safina, and Nikita Vetoshkin. "Calculation of the filtration at the porous medium outlet." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of fluid filtration with solid impurities in a porous medium is necessary for the construction of tunnels, hydraulic structures and underground storage of radioactive waste. The model of deep bed filtration of a monodisperse suspension in a homogeneous porous medium with variable porosity and permeability is considered. An asymptotic solution is constructed at the porous medium outlet. Calculations show the proximity of the high order asymptotics to the numerical solution.
20
Menéndez, Javier, Jesús M. Fernández-Oro, Mónica Galdo, and Jorge Loredo. "Transient Simulation of Underground Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants Operating in Pumping Mode." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071781.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing penetration of variable renewable energies (VRE) in the European electricity mix requires flexible energy storage systems (ESS), such as pumped storage hydropower (PSH). Disused mining voids from deep closed mines may be used as subsurface reservoirs of underground pumped-storage hydropower (UPSH) plants. Unlike conventional PSH plants, the air pressure in UPSH plants is variable and it differs from the atmospheric conditions. In this paper, the hydraulic transient process of an UPSH plant operating in pumping mode was investigated and a preliminary thermodynamic analysis of the closed surge tank was carried out. Analytical and CFD three-dimensional numerical simulations based on the volume of fluid (VOF) model with two-phase flow have been performed for analyzing the transient process. In the transient simulation, air and water are considered as ideal gas and compressible liquid, respectively. Different guide vanes closing schemes have been simulated. The obtained results show that the dimensioning of underground reservoir, surge tank, and air ducts is essential for ensuring the hydraulic performance and optimizing the operation of UPSH plants. The static pressure in the air duct, surge tank and lower reservoir reaches −1.6, 112.8 and −4 kPa, respectively, while a heat flux of −80 W was obtained through the surge tank walls.
21
Galagus, Yuri, and Galina Safina. "A model of two-velocity particles filtration with variable injection." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The filtration problems are actual in the design of underground storage facilities for hazardous waste. When the grout is injected into the porous soil, the fluid penetrates deep into the rock and, when solidified, blocks the pores. A model of suspension flow with 2-size particles moving with different velocities in a porous medium is considered. The proposed model of deep bed filtration generalizes the known equations of mass balance and particle capture kinetics for a fluid flow with various particles. The injection of a suspension with periodically changing concentration is considered. Exact and asymptotic solutions are obtained. The asymptotics rapidly converges to the numerical solution.
22
Pérez-López, Raúl, José F. Mediato, Miguel A. Rodríguez-Pascua, Jorge L. Giner-Robles, Adrià Ramos, Silvia Martín-Velázquez, Roberto Martínez-Orío, and Paula Fernández-Canteli. "An active tectonic field for CO<sub>2</sub> storage management: the Hontomín onshore case study (Spain)." Solid Earth 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 719–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-719-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. One of the concerns of underground CO2 onshore storage is the triggering of induced seismicity and fault reactivation by the pore pressure increasing. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of the tectonic parameters involved in the storage rock formation is mandatory for safety management operations. Unquestionably, active faults and seal faults depicting the storage bulk are relevant parameters to be considered. However, there is a lack of analysis of the active tectonic strain field affecting these faults during the CO2 storage monitoring. The advantage of reconstructing the tectonic field is the possibility to determine the strain trajectories and describing the fault patterns affecting the reservoir rock. In this work, we adapt a methodology of systematic geostructural analysis to underground CO2 storage, based on the calculation of the strain field from kinematics indicators on the fault planes (ey and ex for the maximum and minimum horizontal shortening, respectively). This methodology is based on a statistical analysis of individual strain tensor solutions obtained from fresh outcrops from the Triassic to the Miocene. Consequently, we have collected 447 fault data in 32 field stations located within a 20 km radius. The understanding of the fault sets' role for underground fluid circulation can also be established, helping further analysis of CO2 leakage and seepage. We have applied this methodology to Hontomín onshore CO2 storage facilities (central Spain). The geology of the area and the number of high-quality outcrops made this site a good candidate for studying the strain field from kinematics fault analysis. The results indicate a strike-slip tectonic regime with maximum horizontal shortening with a 160 and 50∘ E trend for the local regime, which activates NE–SW strike-slip faults. A regional extensional tectonic field was also recognized with a N–S trend, which activates N–S extensional faults, and NNE–SSW and NNW–SSE strike-slip faults, measured in the Cretaceous limestone on top of the Hontomín facilities. Monitoring these faults within the reservoir is suggested in addition to the possibility of obtaining a focal mechanism solutions for micro-earthquakes (M<3).
23
Swanson, Erika, Aviva Sussman, and Jennifer Wilson. "Rapid clay precipitation in explosion-induced fractures." Geology 47, no. 12 (October 15, 2019): 1176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46957.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Fractures within the earth control rock strength and fluid flow, but their dynamic nature is not well understood. As part of a series of underground chemical explosions in granite in Nevada, we collected and analyzed microfracture density data sets prior to, and following, individual explosions. Our work shows an ∼4-fold increase in both open and filled microfractures following the explosions. Based on the timing of core retrieval, filling of some new fractures occurs in as little as 6 wk after fracture opening under shallow (<100 m) crustal conditions. These results suggest that near-surface fractures may fill quite rapidly, potentially changing permeability on time scales relevant to oil, gas, and geothermal energy production; carbon sequestration; seismic cycles; and radionuclide migration from nuclear waste storage and underground nuclear explosions.
24
Nikolaev, Oleg V., Sergey A. Shulepin, Sergey A. Borodin, Konstantin N. Guzhov, Ivan V. Stonozhenko, and Sergey A. Khokhlov. "Similarity parameters clarified in the conditions of gas wells operation with water phase of various mineralization." Georesursy 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2019.3.68-72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Determining the effect of the fluid properties extracted from the reservoirs together with the produced gas on the pressure loss in wellbores is an urgent task for many fields and underground gas storages. The similarity parameters clarification of gas-liquid flows in pipes and creation of new modeling methods based on them make it possible to increase the degree of validity of the assigned technological modes at all stages of operation of field facilities containing a liquid phase in the products. Previous experimental studies have made it possible to establish an unambiguous dependence of pressure losses in the well on the amount of fluid represented by condensation water. However, the question of the effect of fluid properties on pressure losses in the path of formation mixture movement from the bottom to the installation of integrated gas treatment remains open. The article describes experimental studies of gas-liquid flows with liquids of high density, allowing us to make appropriate changes to the calculation formulas. Based on the methods of similarity and dimensions, corrections to the parameters included in the calculated relationships are concretized, conclusions of new formulas are given that take into account the influence of the liquid phase density on pressure losses in well bores. The structure of a new similarity parameter, the clarified Buzinov parameter, is substantiated, which allows us to most accurately calculate the stable operating modes of gas wells in fields and underground gas storage with an aqueous phase of various salinity. Relations for quantitative estimates of the effect of reducing pressure losses in gas-liquid flows due to wetting of the inner surface of elevator pipes are presented for the first time.
25
Langer, M., E. Tillner, T. Kempka, and M. Kühn. "Effective damage zone volume of fault zones and initial salinity distribution determine intensity of shallow aquifer salinization in geological underground utilization." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2015): 5703–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-5703-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Injection of fluids into deep saline aquifers causes a pore pressure increase in the storage formation, and thus displacement of resident brines. Via hydraulically conductive faults, brine may migrate upwards into shallower aquifers, and lead to unwanted salinization of potable groundwater resources. In the present study, we investigated different scenarios for a prospective storage site close to the city of Beeskow in the Northeast German Basin by using a 3-D regional scale model (100 km × 100 km × 1.34 km) that includes four ambient fault zones. The focus was on assessing the impact of fault length and the effect of an overlying secondary reservoir as well as model boundary conditions on the potential salinization of shallow groundwater resources. We employed numerical simulations of brine injection as a representative fluid using the simulator TOUGH2-MP. Our simulation results demonstrate that pressure build-up within the reservoir determines the intensity and duration of fluid flow through the faults, and hence salinization of shallower aquifers. Application of different boundary conditions proved that these have a crucial impact on reservoir fluid displacement. If reservoir boundaries are closed, the fluid migrated upwards into the shallow aquifer, corresponds to the overall injected fluid mass. In that case, a short hydraulically conductive fault length and the presence of an overlying secondary reservoir leads only to retardation in brine displacement up to a factor of five and three, respectively. If the reservoir boundaries are open, salinization is considerably reduced: in the presence of a secondary reservoir, 33% of equivalent brine mass migrates into the shallow aquifer, if all four faults are hydraulically open over their entire length, whereas the displaced equivalent brine mass is only 12% for a single fault of two kilometres length. Taking into account the considered geological boundary conditions, the brine originates in maximum from the upper 4 to 298 m of the investigated faults. Hence, the initial salt–freshwater interface present in the fault is of high relevance for the resulting shallow aquifer salinization. The present study demonstrates that the existence of hydraulically conductive faults is not necessarily an exclusion criterion for potential injection sites, because salinization of shallower aquifers strongly depends on initial salinity distribution, location of hydraulically conductive faults and their length as well as geological boundary conditions. These constraints are location specific, and need to be explored thoroughly in advance of any field activity. They provide the basis for scenario analyses and a reliable risk assessment.
26
Chen, Xiangsheng, Yinping Li, Yufeng Shi, Yang Yu, Yalong Jiang, Yuanxi Liu, and Jinliang Dong. "Tightness and stability evaluation of salt cavern underground storage with a new fluid–solid coupling seepage model." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 202 (July 2021): 108475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108475.
Повний текст джерела
27
YAMAISHI, Takashi, Hitoshi KOBAYASHI, Tokichiro TANI, Akio OKAMOTO, Hiroyuki TOSAKA, and Keiji KOJIMA. "Complete Numerical Modeling and History Matching of Surface-Subsurface-Coupled Fluid Behavior around Underground Oil Storage Plant." Journal of Groundwater Hydrology 40, no. 2 (1998): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5917/jagh1987.40.167.
Повний текст джерела
28
Rahman, Abdul Haziq Abdul, Bawadi Abdullah, and Dai Viet Nguyen Vo. "Modelling of Carbon Dioxide Leakage in Abandon Wells Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.780.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Greenhouse gas emission (GHG) has become a serious threat to the environment due to emitting high CO2 concentration and thus depleting ozone layer. One of the potential mitigations is using carbon sequestration process by injecting CO2 back to underground. However, the stored CO2 has a potential to leakage from the storage through the wellbore, due to reaction of between supercritical CO2 and cement plug. The purpose of this research is to discover the potential of CO2 leakage from abandon well, by analyzing the reaction of CO2 with Portland cement and the effect of permeability, pressure, temperature and inflow velocity towards the reaction using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results show that for base case scenario, the penetration rate of CO2 in cement plug is 150 mm in 100 years. The sensitivity analysis shows that permeability, pressure, temperature and inflow velocity has impacts on the CO2 penetration.
29
Massimiani, Alice, Filippo Panini, Simone Luigi Marasso, Nicolò Vasile, Marzia Quaglio, Christian Coti, Donatella Barbieri, Francesca Verga, Candido Fabrizio Pirri, and Dario Viberti. "Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Validation of Microfluidic Devices for the Investigation of Pore-Scale Phenomena in Underground Gas Storage Systems." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The understanding of multiphase flow phenomena occurring in porous media at the pore scale is fundamental in a significant number of fields, from life science to geo and environmental engineering. However, because of the optical opacity and the geometrical complexity of natural porous media, detailed visual characterization is not possible or is limited and requires powerful and expensive imaging techniques. As a consequence, the understanding of micro-scale behavior is based on the interpretation of macro-scale parameters and indirect measurements. Microfluidic devices are transparent and synthetic tools that reproduce the porous network on a 2D plane, enabling the direct visualization of the fluid dynamics. Moreover, microfluidic patterns (also called micromodels) can be specifically designed according to research interests by tuning their geometrical features and surface properties. In this work we design, fabricate and test two different micromodels for the visualization and analysis of the gas-brine fluid flow, occurring during gas injection and withdrawal in underground storage systems. In particular, we compare two different designs: a regular grid and a real rock-like pattern reconstructed from a thin section of a sample of Hostun rock. We characterize the two media in terms of porosity, tortuosity and pore size distribution using the A* algorithm and CFD simulation. We fabricate PDMS-glass devices via soft lithography, and we perform preliminary air-water displacement tests at different capillary numbers to observe the impact of the design on the fluid dynamics. This preliminary work serves as a validation of design and fabrication procedures and opens the way to further investigations.
30
Amosov, Pavel Vasilyevich. "Numerical simulation of the thermal regime of an underground spent fuel storage facility (built-in structure variant)." Vestnik MGTU 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-228-239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of a numerical simulation of the thermal regime of an underground facility for long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel in a built-in reinforced concrete structure are presented. Two computer models were constructed in a three-dimensional formulation in the COMSOL programme. The first model is based on the incompressible fluid approximation, while the second model is based on the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation. The mathematical basis of models: the continuity equation, Navier - Stokes equations averaged by Reynolds, the standard (k - ε) turbulence model, and the general heat transfer equation. Consideration of mixed convection conditions is implemented in the "incompressible ideal gas" approximation, where the air density is a function of temperature only. The most thermally stressful arrangement of spent fuel placement is investigated: U-Zr - defective - U-Be. The air rate is varied in the range from 21 to 0.656 m3/s. Numerical experiments were performed for up to 5 years of fuel storage. The principal difference between the non-stationary structure of the velocity fields predicted in the "incompressible ideal gas" model and the "frozen" picture of the aerodynamic parameters in the incompressible fluid model is emphasized. It is shown that the requirements for exceeding the temperature limit values are met when the object operates under conservative ventilation conditions (rate 0.656 m3/s) with a minimum of costs for organizing ventilation. The dynamics of heat flows directed into the rock mass through the base and from the surface of the built-in structure of the U-Zr fuel compartment to the air environment are analyzed. The predominance of the heat flow from the surface of the structure and the different times when the curves of the heat flow dynamics reach their maximum values are noted. The heat flow to the array reaches its maximum significantly faster than to the air.
31
YANG Shangyang, LI Shucai, and XUE Yiguo. "Numerical Simulation Analysis on Seepage Discharge Calculation of An Underground Crude Oil Storage Caverns Considering Fluid-solid Coupling." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 5 (March 15, 2013): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue5.83.
Повний текст джерела
32
Malehmir, Alireza, Bo Bergman, Benjamin Andersson, Robert Sturk, and Mattis Johansson. "Seismic imaging of dyke swarms within the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone (Sweden) and implications for thermal energy storage." Solid Earth 9, no. 6 (December 14, 2018): 1469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1469-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. There is a great interest and demand for green-type energy storage in Sweden for both short- and long-term (hours, days, weeks and seasons) periods. While there are a number of approaches proposed (e.g., compressed air, geothermal and thermal), only a few have commercially been demonstrated through upscaling projects. Among these, the thermal energy storage (TES) that stores energy (excess heat or cold) in fluids is particularly interesting. The excess energy can be stored underground in excavated caverns and used for large district heating and cooling purposes as well as for balancing and regulating electrical energy in power grids. For an upscaling underground TES project within the Tornquist suture zone of Scania in the southwest of Sweden, three high-resolution seismic profiles, each approximately 1 km long, were acquired. Geologically, the site sits within the southern margin of the Romeleåsen fault zone in the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone (STZ), where dolerite dyke swarms of Carboniferous–Permian age are observed striking in the SE–NW direction for hundreds of kilometers both on land and in offshore seismic and magnetic data (from Scania to Midland Valley in the UK). These dykes, 10–50 m thick, in the nearby quarries (within both Precambrian gneiss and quartzite) express themselves mostly in a subvertical manner. They can therefore act as a good water/fluid barrier, which can be an important geological factor for any TES site. For the data acquisition, combined cabled and wireless recorders were used to provide continuity on both sides of a major road running in the middle of the study area. Bedrock depressions are clearly depicted in the tomograms, suggesting the possibility of zones of weaknesses, highly fractured and/or weathered, in the bedrock and confirmed in several places by follow-up boreholes. Several steeply dipping (60–65°) reflections were imaged down to 400 m depth and interpreted to originate from dolerite dykes. This interpretation is based on their orientations, strong amplitudes, regular occurrences and correlation with downhole logging data. In addition, groundwater flow measurements within the unconsolidated sediments and in bedrock suggest steeply dipping structures are the dominant factor in directing water mainly along a SE–NW trend, which is consistent with the strike of the dyke swarm within the STZ. To provide further insight on the origin of the reflections, even the historical crustal-scale offshore BABEL (Baltic and Bothnian Echoes from the Lithosphere) lines (A-AA-AB) were revisited. Clear multiphase faults and signs of intrusions or melt source in the lower crust are observed, as well as a Moho step across the Tornquist zone. Overall, we favor that the reflections are of dolerite origin and their dip component (i.e., not subvertical) may imply a Precambrian basement (and dykes) tilting, block rotation, towards the NE as a result of the Romeleåsen reverse faulting. In terms of thermal storage, these dykes then may be encountered during the excavation of the site and can complicate underground water flow should they be used as a fluid barrier in case of leakage.
33
Yang, J., and R. N. Edwards. "Predicted groundwater circulation in fractured and unfractured anisotropic porous media driven by nuclear fuel waste heatgeneration." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of nuclear fuel waste disposal underground is drawing increasing attention due to its many advantages against the current storage methods at surface. In this paper, we employ the Galerkin finite-element technique to solve the coupled time-dependent heat transfer and fluid flow differential equations and to predict the evolving behaviour of groundwater flow and subsurface temperature distribution associated witha proposed disposal system at the Whiteshell Research Area in southeastern Manitoba. A two-dimensional (2-D) numerical model is conceptualized from geologicalconstraints in this particular area. To investigate the free convection of groundwater flow driven by nuclear fuel waste heat generation, we assume the 2-D model has a flat upper boundary so as to eliminate the effect of topography head. Buoyancy force due to fluid density variationsis, therefore, the sole driving mechanism for fluid migration. Case studies for both unfractured and fractured porous media confirm that thermal decay of the buried fuel waste can initiate fluid circulation. In the presence of discrete fractures, the deep and hot fluid nearby the disposed contaminant can discharge to the biosphere, thus potentially threatening human health and the natural environment.
34
Li, Jianhe, Weizhe Sun, Guoshao Su, and Yan Zhang. "An Intelligent Optimization Back-Analysis Method for Geomechanical Parameters in Underground Engineering." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 5761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The geomechanical parameters in underground engineering are usually difficult to determine, which can pose great obstacles in underground engineering. A novel displacement back-analysis method is proposed to determine the geomechanical parameters in underground engineering. In this method, the problem of geomechanical parameter determination is converted into an optimization problem, regarding the geomechanical parameters as the optimization parameters, and the error between the calculated results and the field measurement information as the optimization objective function. The grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), which offers excellent global optimization performance, and the Gaussian process regression (GPR) machine learning, offering powerful fitting ability, are combined to address the time-consuming numerical calculations. Furthermore, the proposed method is combined with the 3D numerical calculation software FLAC3D to form the GOA-GPR-FLAC3D method, which can be used in the displacement back-analysis of geomechanical parameters in underground engineering. The results of a case study show that the proposed method can greatly improve computational efficiency while ensuring high precision compared with the GOA. When applied to the Tai’an Pumped Storage Power Station, this method can obtain more accurate results compared with the GOA under the same evaluation times and is more suitable for the back-analysis of rock parameters in underground engineering.
35
Zhang, Yun Jie, Tao Xu, Qiang Xu, and Lin Bu. "Hydro-Mechanical Coupled Analysis of the Stability of Surrounding Rock Mass of Underground Water-Sealed Oil Storage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the fluid-solid coupling theory, we study the stability of surrounding rock mass around underground oil storage in Huangdao, Shandong province, analyze the stress of the surrounding rock mass around three chambers and the displacement change of several key monitoring points after excavation and evaluate the stability of surrounding rock mass using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Research results show that the stress at both sides of the straight wall of cavern increases, especially obvious stress concentration forms at the corners of the cavern, and the surrounding rock mass moves towards the cavern after excavation. The stress and displacement of the surrounding rock mass will increase accordingly after setting the water curtains, but the change does not have a substantive impact on the stability of surrounding rock mass.
36
Eid, Celine, Christoforos Benetatos, and Vera Rocca. "Fluid Production Dataset for the Assessment of the Anthropogenic Subsidence in the Po Plain Area (Northern Italy)." Resources 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11060053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fluid produced/injected volumes from/into underground natural formations and their spatial allocation play a key role in addressing the superposition of anthropogenic subsidence effects, but the definition of coherent datasets is usually very challenging. In this paper, the creation of a gas and water production dataset for the Po Plain area in northern Italy is presented, focusing on the Emilia-Romagna region (an industrialized, highly-populated area characterized by rapid subsidence). The produced volumes and their spatial/temporal allocation are gathered from different sources, analyzed, and organized via dedicated georeferenced maps. The geological framework of the Po Plain is delineated, with attention to the superficial aquifers. Reference ranges of petrophysical and pseudo-elastic parameters are reported for both aquifer and reservoir formations. Water extractions from the superficial unconsolidated sediments are widespread, both in space and time; instead, primary gas production and underground storage of natural gas, involving deeper formations, are spatially and temporally well constrained. Drastic increases in water production and high concentrations of gas production temporally coincided between the 1950s and 1970s. The ‘hotspots’ of the strongest superposition are recognized in Piacenza, Ferrara, Bologna, and Ravenna provinces. Qualitative and quantitative information represent a reference source for both Oil and Gas Societies and Regional/National authorities in addressing the subsidence analysis to plan the field production life and predict the environmental consequences.
37
Qiu, Xiaosong, Hejuan Liu, Mancang Liu, Haijun Mao, Duocai Wang, Qiqi Ying, and Shengnan Ban. "Pore Structure Evolution in Sandstone of Underground Gas Storage during Cyclic Injection and Production Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The underground gas storage (UGS) in depleted sandstone reservoirs forms the largest proportion of the UGS market in China. Multiple cycles of natural gas injection and production in the sandstone cause the rapid increase and drawdown of pore pressure, which may induce damage to the rock skeleton structure, and cause complex fluid flow paths in the sandstone reservoir. In this paper, transverse relaxation time (T2), nuclear magnetism resonance imaging, and high-pressure mercury intrusion analysis are combined to evaluate the variation in pore structure of medium-grained sandstone. The results show that cyclic injection and production of fluid leads to a slight increase in total pore volume, indicating that weak damage to rocks occurs. The T2 spectrum at the low pore pressure (10 MPa) and high pore pressure (25 MPa) both show that the shrinkage of the medium-size pores occurs after multiple cycles of injection and production. The pore volume of large-size pores was not highly correlated with the number of cycles. With the increase in pore pressure, the pore volume ratio under high pore pressure increased with the number of cycles, while it fluctuated strongly under low pore pressure.
38
Wang, Ping, TianLi Gu, Zhanwu Gao, Jiayong Fan, Hai Huang, Zhan Qu, Qiang Han, and Zongxiao Ren. "Stability Evaluation of Proppant in Fractures of Gas Storage in Yulin Gas Field." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (May 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2044561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In nearly a hundred years of construction, underground gas storage has become the main natural gas storage and peak regulation means in the world. For the gas storage, the large production and high flow rate of the gas well in the actual production process will cause the backflow of proppant filled in the supporting fracture, which will bring great harm to the gas field production. In this article, when the proppant fracture reaches a stable state in the process of gas injection and production, the stress of proppant particles is analyzed, the critical velocity of proppant reflux is calculated, and then the critical production model is established; calculate the permeability change during proppant migration, then calculate the fluid velocity and production, and determine the fluid velocity range of injection and production wells in gas storage. The parameter sensitivity of velocity and flow model is analyzed. The results show that with the increase of closure stress, the critical gas flow and critical gas velocity of proppant backflow gradually increase, and the proppant filling layer is more stable. The smaller the thickness and width of the filling layer, the greater the critical gas flow and critical gas velocity of proppant backflow, the more stable the proppant filling layer, and the lesser the chance of backflow. The higher the saturation, the lower the critical gas velocity, and the more prone the proppant to reflux. It has important guiding significance for realizing the optimization of gas well production and maintaining efficient production efficiency.
39
Wenning, Quinn C., Claudio Madonna, Antoine de Haller, and Jean-Pierre Burg. "Permeability and seismic velocity anisotropy across a ductile–brittle fault zone in crystalline rock." Solid Earth 9, no. 3 (May 29, 2018): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-683-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This study characterizes the elastic and fluid flow properties systematically across a ductile–brittle fault zone in crystalline rock at the Grimsel Test Site underground research laboratory. Anisotropic seismic velocities and permeability measured every 0.1 m in the 0.7 m across the transition zone from the host Grimsel granodiorite to the mylonitic core show that foliation-parallel P- and S-wave velocities systematically increase from the host rock towards the mylonitic core, while permeability is reduced nearest to the mylonitic core. The results suggest that although brittle deformation has persisted in the recent evolution, antecedent ductile fabric continues to control the matrix elastic and fluid flow properties outside the mylonitic core. The juxtaposition of the ductile strain zone next to the brittle zone, which is bounded inside the two mylonitic cores, causes a significant elastic, mechanical, and fluid flow heterogeneity, which has important implications for crustal deformation and fluid flow and for the exploitation and use of geothermal energy and geologic waste storage. The results illustrate how physical characteristics of faults in crystalline rocks change in fault zones during the ductile to brittle transitions.
40
Lanzoni, Alessandra, Luca Moratto, Enrico Priolo, and Maria Adelaide Romano. "Fast MW estimation of microearthquakes recorded around the underground gas storage in the Montello-Collalto area (Southeastern Alps, Italy)." Journal of Seismology 24, no. 5 (November 26, 2019): 1029–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-019-09889-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractUnderground fluid injection and extraction is able to change pore fluid pressure at depth and make faults unstable, due to friction-force reduction, with an increased possibility of triggering earthquakes. Studying the local seismicity, down to microearthquakes, and stress field in areas where such activities are developed are essential steps to discriminate between natural and induced events. In this context, the moment magnitude (MW) is a key-parameter to both evaluate the energy balance and the stress involved in earthquake rupture process and assess seismic hazard accurately. Here, we focus on the fast MW estimation of microearthquakes recorded around the underground gas storage of Collalto (Northeastern Italy) by a dedicated seismic monitoring network. The area of Montello-Collalto, where this industrial activity is carried out, is densely populated and characterized by relevant seismic hazard. We compute MW from the response spectra (SA) calculated at fixed periods (i.e., 1.0 and 0.3 s); we show that log (SA) and MW scale as 2/3 and extend our method to microseismicity by using response spectra at 0.1 s. We eventually estimate MW for 1659 events (0.4 ≤ MW ≤ 3.5) and find that ML and MW scale as 2/3 too. The discrepancy between these two magnitude scales affects both the Gutenberg-Richter parameters and completeness magnitude estimations; therefore, it has consequences when those quantities are used for physical interpretation. Our procedure shows to be efficient and suitable to be implemented within standard routine analyses of real-time monitoring and feed decision-making processes about plant management, such as the traffic light protocols.
41
Zain-Ul-Abedin, Muhammad, and Andreas Henk. "Building 1D and 3D Mechanical Earth Models for Underground Gas Storage—A Case Study from the Molasse Basin, Southern Germany." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 5722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydromechanical models of gas storage in porous media provide valuable information for various applications ranging from the prediction of ground surface displacements to the determination of maximum reservoir pressure and storage capacity to maintain fault stability and caprock integrity. A workflow to set up such models is presented and applied to a former gas field in southern Germany for which transformation to a gas storage site is considered. The workflow comprises 1D mechanical earth modeling (1D MEM) to calculate elastic properties as well as a first estimate for the vertical and horizontal stresses at well locations by using log data. This information is then used to populate a 3D finite element model (3D MEM) which has been built from seismic data and comprises not only the reservoir but the entire overburden up to the earth’s surface as well as part of the underburden. The size of this model is 30 × 24 × 5 km3. The pore pressure field has been derived from dynamic fluid flow simulation through history matching for the production and subsequent shut-in phase. The validated model is ready to be used for analyzing new wells for future field development and testing arbitrary injection-production schedules, among others.
42
Liu, Peng, Yumo Wang, Feng Yan, Chaofei Nie, Xin Ouyang, Jiashuang Xu, and Jing Gong. "Effects of Fluid Viscosity and Two-Phase Flow on Performance of ESP." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 5486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205486.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are widely used in the oil and gas industry for crude-oil lifting, especially in subsea oil fields or underground storage caverns. The failure of ESPs causes a large economic cost mainly attributed to a break in production continuity, as the ESP cannot be easily replaced. Therefore, the assurance of safe and efficient operation of ESPs has attracted high attention in recent years, although the problem still remains challenging given the complexity of carrying fluid and the mechanical structure of the ESP. In this article, we systematically review both the high-impact, classic contributions and the most up-to-date, current opinions in experimental and numerical advances of viscous effects and two-phase flow in ESPs. We specifically focus on the applications in the oil and gas industry and point out a few current challenges in the operation of ESPs. We aim to guide the audience which is new to the area of ESPs to the correct articles related to their interests, including classic work and recent advances.
43
Evans, David, Daniel Parkes, Mark Dooner, Paul Williamson, John Williams, Jonathan Busby, Wei He, Jihong Wang, and Seamus Garvey. "Salt Cavern Exergy Storage Capacity Potential of UK Massively Bedded Halites, Using Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 4728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing integration of large-scale electricity generation from renewable energy sources in the grid requires support through cheap, reliable, and accessible bulk energy storage technologies, delivering large amounts of electricity both quickly and over extended periods. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) represents such a storage option, with three commercial facilities using salt caverns for storage operational in Germany, the US, and Canada, with CAES now being actively considered in many countries. Massively bedded halite deposits exist in the UK and already host, or are considered for, solution-mined underground gas storage (UGS) caverns. We have assessed those with proven UGS potential for CAES purposes, using a tool developed during the EPSRC-funded IMAGES project, equations for which were validated using operational data from the Huntorf CAES plant. From a calculated total theoretical ‘static’ (one-fill) storage capacity exceeding that of UK electricity demand of ≈300 TWh in 2018, filtering of results suggests a minimum of several tens of TWh exergy storage in salt caverns, which when co-located with renewable energy sources, or connected to the grid for off-peak electricity, offers significant storage contributions to support the UK electricity grid and decarbonisation efforts.
44
Benetatos, Christoforos, Vera Rocca, Quinto Sacchi, and Francesca Verga. "How to Approach Subsidence Evaluation for Marginal Fields: A Case History." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (July 28, 2015): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101508010214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the evaluation of the subsidence potentially induced by underground storage of natural gas in a marginal depleted field located in Southern Italy. The critical aspect of the study was the lack of data because economic and logistic reasons had restricted data acquisition at the regional scale to perform a geomechanical study. This limitation was overcome by accurately gathering the available data from public sources so that the geometry of a largescale 3D model could be defined and the formations properly characterized for rock deformation analysis. Well logs, seismic data and subsidence surveys at the regional scale, available in open databases and in the technical literature, were integrated with the available geological and fluid-flow information at the reservoir scale. First of all, a 3D geological model, at the regional scale, incorporating the existing model of the reservoir was developed to describe the key features of a large subsurface volume while preserving the detail of the storage reservoir. Then, a regional geomechanical model was set up for coupled mechanic and fluid-flow analyses. The stress and strain evolution and the associated subsidence induced in the reservoir and surrounding formations by historical primary production as well as future gas storage activities were investigated. Eventually, the obtained results were validated against the measurements of ground surface movements available from the technical literature for the area of interest, thus corroborating the choice of the most critical geomechanical parameters and relevant deformation properties of the rocks affecting subsidence.
45
Wang, Zhou, Ligang Wang, Hongfa Liu, Qi Yao, Xiaolong Li, and Xiaolong Wang. "Study on CO2 corrosion behavior and protection technology of gas storage injection production well casing." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 25 (December 13, 2022): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v25i.3475.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wen 23 depleted gas reservoir gas storage is the largest underground gas storage in central and eastern China. It shoulders the important tasks of peak shaving, emergency gas supply and smooth operation of pipelines in the natural gas market in central and eastern China.During the construction period of the gas reservoir, a series of anti-corrosion measures, such as high-efficiency annular anti-corrosion protective fluid, have been designed, taking all kinds of corrosion risks of injection and production well casing into full consideration, and the anti-corrosion effect is remarkable.However, after the phase I project was constructed and put into operation, it was found that some injection and production wells had obvious leakage of annulus protection fluid. Based on the identification results of "three aspects and eleven leakage paths", it is believed that the leakage of tubing threads and packers is the main leakage path of annulus protection fluid.The natural gas produced by the original component detection of the gas reservoir contains a small amount of CO2, which may cause corrosion perforation to the downhole casing under certain circumstances.Through the corrosion perforation experiment on P110 steel selected for injection production well casing, combined with electrochemical test and surface analysis and other corrosion characterization methods, the anti-corrosion coating design for Wen 23 gas storage is completed.The research results show that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the new salt resistant anti-corrosion coating is more than 80%, the electrochemical slow-release efficiency is more than 85%, and the anti-corrosion effect is outstanding. It can provide a strong technical guarantee for the safe, stable and stable operation of the injection production well of the gas storage.
46
Sapinska-Sliwa, Aneta, Marc A. Rosen, Andrzej Gonet, and Tomasz Sliwa. "Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers — A Conceptual and Comparative Review." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 24, no. 01 (March 2016): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132516300019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) are used for transforming a rock mass into an underground heat storage. Usually, their depth does not exceed 200[Formula: see text]m, but some extend to a depth of almost 3000[Formula: see text]m. Underground heat storages can operate as part of heating and cooling systems, often economically. In winter they extract heat from the rock mass for space heating, while in summer the cooled rock mass is used for air conditioning. The heat extracted from buildings via air conditioning is transferred into the rock mass, thereby regenerating its condition for winter time. Deep borehole exchangers also may operate only in the heating mode. Then, the rock resource conditions are regenerated via heat transfer through neighboring rocks. If a groundwater flow is present, the heat can also be removed and the source conditions regenerated through convection.Here, an overview of the use and operation of deep BHEs around the world is provided. Special emphasis is placed on the Carpathians, where numerous analyses of geothermal heat use have been performed since 1999. Examples of calculations for old oil and gas wells as well as negative exploration boreholes are given. Such analyses have been performed for boreholes in Poland and the Ukraine. However, little research has been published on this subject to date, for reasons described herein.
47
Canals-Sabate, A., J. C. Touray, and J. Fabre. "Fluid inclusions in thenardite from northern Mali: experimental stretching and microthermometric investigations." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 375 (June 1990): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.375.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractLarge thenardite crystals have been sampled at New Agorgott, in the Taoudenni area of northern Mali. They are still in equilibrium with a pressurized NaCl saturated brine capped by a halite layer. Clays located about 1 m above the thenardite occurrence have been dated at 6760 y.BP. The crystals contain numerous, large, brine and solid inclusions. Microcryscopic studies show that the fluids can be explained by the addition of MgCl2 to the Na2SO4-NaCl-H2O system (eutectic temperature: −31 to −35°C; possible bloedite Na2Mg(SO4)2.4H2O formed after freezing). The homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions are in the range 28 to 50°C. In order to understand the significance of the highest Th values, overheating experiments under 1 bar pressure were performed at different heating rates up to 170°C. The results are as follows:(i)When the temperature of stretching (TOh) is higher than about 10°C, overheating is recorded and fossilized (identical Th after some hours, several days or 8 months storage at 5°C).(ii)The lowest Th values (28°C) are probably near the formation temperature of thenardite; the highest ones reflect stretching under present desert conditions.(iii)With TOh lower than about 60°C, a fair correlation is observed between Th and TOh.Finally, taking into account recent natural overheating, the fluid inclusion data are compatible with the formation of thenardite from underground brines later than the beginning of desert conditions in the Taoudenni area (i.e. about 3000 y.BP).
48
Wang, Huanling, Weiya Xu, Zaobao Lui, Zhiming Chao, and Qingxiang Meng. "Dependency of hydromechanical properties of monzonitic granite on confining pressure and fluid pressure under compression." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 16 (June 23, 2016): 1650086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216500867.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monzonitic granite is a low-permeability rock. Monzonitic granite formations are ideal for underground storage of oil due to their low permeability and high mechanical strength. In this study, a series of coupled hydromechanical triaxial tests are carried out using monzonitic granite specimens. The influence of confining and fluid pressures on stress, strain, and permeability is investigated. Failure characteristics under different confining and fluid pressures are discussed based on the analysis of macro fracture planes and micro scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results show that the change of permeability with stress and strain reflects the deformation stages of compaction, compression, crack propagation, coalesce, and failure of cracks. Due to the low porosity, the change of permeability is small in the initial phases of compaction and compression, whereas there is a significant increase in permeability when new cracks start to develop and coalesce. Confining pressures have a significant impact on the strength and permeability, particularly the crack damage stress of the rock. Compared with confining pressure, the effect of fluid pressure on rock strength and crack damage stress is small. For the monzonitic granite specimens tested, changing the confining pressure results in different failure modes, whereas the fluid pressure has a relatively small effect on the failure modes.
49
Seyyedi, Mojtaba, Ausama Giwelli, Cameron White, Lionel Esteban, Michael Verrall, and Ben Clennell. "Changes in multi-phase flow properties of carbonate porous media during CO2 injection." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impacts of fluid–rock geochemical reactions occurring during CO2 injection into underground formations, including CO2 geosequestration, on porosity and single-phase permeability are well documented. However, their impacts on pore structure and multi-phase flow behaviour of porous media and, therefore, on CO2 injectivity and residual trapping potential, are yet unknown. We found that CO2-saturated brine–rock interactions in a carbonate rock led to a decrease in the sweep efficiency of the non-wetting phase (gas) during primary drainage. Furthermore, they led to an increase in the relative permeability of the non-wetting phase, a decrease in the relative permeability of the wetting phase (brine) and a reduction in the residual trapping potential of the non-wetting phase. The impacts of reactions on pore structure shifted the relative permeability cross-point towards more water-wet condition. Finally, calcite dissolution caused a reduction in capillary pressure of the used carbonate rock. For CO2 underground injection applications, such changes in relative permeabilities, residual trapping potential of the non-wetting phase (CO2) and capillary pressure would reduce the CO2 storage capacity and increase the risk of CO2 leakage.
50
Turkiewicz, Anna, Marek Janiga, and Marcin Rogaliński. "Laboratory research on selection of effective antimicrobial substances and H2S scavengers used in drilling fluid technology and underground gas storage." Nafta-Gaz 76, no. 12 (December 2020): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2020.12.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
W artykule omówiono wyniki testów skuteczności działania biocydów dla potrzeb przemysłu naftowego i gazowniczego. Badania zostały przeprowadzone z zastosowaniem zawiesiny cząstek nanosrebra oraz roztworów dwóch produktów biobójczych. Druga część pracy dotyczyła testów skuteczności działania pochłaniaczy siarkowodoru wytworzonych na bazie triazyny. Użyto preparatów rekomendowanych do zastosowania zarówno w technologii płynów wiertniczych, jak i w obiektach podziemnego magazynowania gazu (PMG). Pochodne triazyny (trzy formy izomeryczne) stosowane w przemyśle mają silne własności bakteriobiobójcze w odniesieniu do skażonych płuczek wiertniczych i wód złożowych. Należy zaznaczyć, że procesy biogenne są w dużej mierze odpowiedzialne za biodegradację cieczy wiertniczych. W wyniku tego tracą one swoje własności technologiczne i reologiczne, a także nie spełniają określonych zadań w otworze wiertniczym. Testowane w ramach pracy neutralizatory są produktami chemicznymi, których działanie jest dwutorowe. Mają one jednocześnie zdolność eliminacji bakterii ze skażonego środowiska, jak również pochłaniają wytworzony w nim siarkowodór. Badania pozwoliły na określenie aktywności biobójczej następujących substancji: nanosrebra, następnie nanosrebra w połączeniu z oksazolidyną oraz nanosrebra w połączeniu z glioksalem. Testy laboratoryjne umożliwiły również porównanie efektywności działania poszczególnych neutralizatorów H2S. W badaniach ukierunkowanych na obecność bakterii oraz grzybów określano liczbę JTK (jednostek tworzących kolonie) w próbkach testowych w odniesieniu do liczby mikroorganizmów występujących w próbce kontrolnej (próbka płynu bez substancji biobójczej). Badania te przeprowadzono równolegle w środowisku zainfekowanych płynów, tj. wody złożowej z obiektów PMG (wody zbiorczej – jest to woda pobierana z separatorów) oraz wodno-dyspersyjnej polimerowej płuczki wiertniczej. Omawiane prace badawcze stanowią część kompleksowych badań biomonitoringowych środowisk złożowych, które prowadzone są w celu zwalczenia skażenia mikrobiologicznego i jednocześnie eliminacji zasiarczenia węglowodorów, szczególnie w obiektach magazynowania gazu ziemnego. Badania te przyczyniają się do utrzymania prawidłowej jakości gazu magazynowanego w PMG i tym samym prowadzą do usprawnienia eksploatacji. Wytypowane skuteczne preparaty chemiczne zostaną w przyszłości wykorzystane w przemyśle do zmniejszenia zawartości biogennego siarkowodoru oraz redukcji liczby niekorzystnych mikroorganizmów w środowisku płuczek wiertniczych i wód złożowych.