Статті в журналах: "Ultrasounds assisted extraction"

1

Berkani, Farida, Maria Luísa Serralheiro, Farid Dahmoune, Malik Mahdjoub, Nabil Kadri, Sofiane Dairi, Sabiha Achat, et al. "Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. plant treatment by ultrasounds and microwaves to improve antioxidants yield and quality: An overview." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 5, no. 12 (July 17, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.5.11.53-68.

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The purpose of this review is to compile the literature published about different aspects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) use and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) applied on jujube worldwide and to compare the results on the antioxidant activity obtained for each extraction method. As a result of the increased consumers demand for natural products, as well as for those of agro-food, nutraceutical, cosmetic industries, and green extraction techniques are nowadays trending to be potential alternatives that can improve antioxidant yield and its quality from an economical and environmental point of view by reducing time, energy, and solvent consumption. Ultrasounds and microwaves are widely used methods in the extraction of active principles due to their cavitation and dipolar rotation effect, respectively. These two techniques provide efficiency of extraction while minimizing the time and preserving the quality of the food matrix, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional techniques characterized by their consumption of large quantities of solvents and providing a sparse quantity of extraction. Jujube, a shrub with a high antioxidant potential, which can be affected by various extraction conditions can be the target of UAE and MAE to increase the antioxidant extraction yield. Exploiting the beneficial properties such as the antioxidant activity can lead to an industrialization process, replacing therefor synthetic antioxidants with natural compounds. These can also help in the development of new nutraceuticals and can be used, for instance, in agro-food industries as preservatives. Keywords : Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), antioxidants, Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam plant.

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2

Berkani, Farida, Maria Luísa Serralheiro, Farid Dahmoune, Malik Mahdjoub, Nabil Kadri, Sofiane Dairi, Sabiha Achat, et al. "Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. plant treatment by ultrasounds and microwaves to improve antioxidants yield and quality: An overview." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 5, no. 12 (July 17, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.5.12.53-68.

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Анотація:

The purpose of this review is to compile the literature published about different aspects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) use and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) applied on jujube worldwide and to compare the results on the antioxidant activity obtained for each extraction method. As a result of the increased consumers demand for natural products, as well as for those of agro-food, nutraceutical, cosmetic industries, and green extraction techniques are nowadays trending to be potential alternatives that can improve antioxidant yield and its quality from an economical and environmental point of view by reducing time, energy, and solvent consumption. Ultrasounds and microwaves are widely used methods in the extraction of active principles due to their cavitation and dipolar rotation effect, respectively. These two techniques provide efficiency of extraction while minimizing the time and preserving the quality of the food matrix, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional techniques characterized by their consumption of large quantities of solvents and providing a sparse quantity of extraction. Jujube, a shrub with a high antioxidant potential, which can be affected by various extraction conditions can be the target of UAE and MAE to increase the antioxidant extraction yield. Exploiting the beneficial properties such as the antioxidant activity can lead to an industrialization process, replacing therefor synthetic antioxidants with natural compounds. These can also help in the development of new nutraceuticals and can be used, for instance, in agro-food industries as preservatives. Keywords : Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), antioxidants, Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam plant.

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3

Dumitrascu, L., I. Aprodu, and N. Stanciuc. "Optimization of phytochemicals extraction from cornelian cherries using ultrasounds assisted extraction." Journal of Biotechnology 305 (November 2019): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.05.168.

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4

Jović, Ozren, Iva Habinovec, Nives Galić, and Marijan Andrašec. "Maceration of Extra Virgin Olive Oil with Common Aromatic Plants Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction: An UV-Vis Spectroscopic Investigation." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7510647.

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Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), garden sage (Salvia officinalis), summer savory (Satureja hortensis), laurel (Laurus nobilis), and other aromatic plants were put in olive oil and exposed to ultrasounds for different duration. Filtrated oils were dissolved in cyclohexane, and UV-Vis measurements were carried out. Absorbance values corresponding to chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids (370 nm), and polyphenols (around 300 nm) were measured. In addition, for some samples, total phenols were determined using Folin-Denis reagent and compared with the similar maceration procedure in water solvent (instead of olive oil). Maceration without ultrasound in olive oil for each plant was also compared with ultrasound-assisted extraction. The results show that significant amount of aromatic content can be extracted in olive oil by applying ultrasounds for only few minutes, especially for Salvia officinalis powder. The use of UV-Vis measurements is simple but enough to examine the extent of phenol content extraction through such maceration procedure.

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5

Mróz, Marika, Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk, Agnieszka Bartoszek, and Barbara Kusznierewicz. "Comparative Study on Assisted Solvent Extraction Techniques for the Extraction of Biologically Active Compounds from Sideritis raeseri and Sideritis scardica." Molecules 28, no. 10 (May 20, 2023): 4207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104207.

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The plants in the Sideritis genus are postulated to exhibit several important medicinal properties due to their unique chemical composition. To isolate the targeted phytochemical compounds, the selection of a suitable extraction method is of primary importance. In this work, a comparative study on the phytochemical profiles of various Sideritis raeseri and Sideritis scardica extracts has been carried out. An untargeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to investigate the metabolic differences between extracts obtained by conventional extraction and extractions assisted by microwaves, ultrasounds and high pressure. Additionally, the influence of extraction solvents on HPLC antioxidant profiles obtained following the derivatization of analytes with ABTS reagent was evaluated. A total of 102 metabolites have been putatively identified. The major secondary metabolites groups were classified as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylethanoid glycosides and phenolic acids. The main antioxidants in the extracts were isoscutellarein and hypolaetin derivatives as well as verbascoside and chlorogenic acid. The results showed that 70% ethanol was the most effective extractant for different classes of phytochemicals including antioxidants. In addition, extraction supported with microwaves, ultrasounds or high pressure improved the overall recovery of metabolites by about 3 times compared to the conventional extraction method.

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6

Fu, Lipei, Guicai Zhang, Jijiang Ge, Kaili Liao, Yanfeng He, Xiang Wang, and Haitao Li. "Study on dual-frequency ultrasounds assisted surfactant extraction of oil sands." Fuel Processing Technology 167 (December 2017): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.06.020.

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7

Kaderides, Kyriakos, Lygeri Papaoikonomou, Melania Serafim, and Athanasia M. Goula. "Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolics from pomegranate peels: Optimization, kinetics, and comparison with ultrasounds extraction." Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 137 (March 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2019.01.006.

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8

Noore, Shaba, Navin Kumar Rastogi, Colm O’Donnell, and Brijesh Tiwari. "Novel Bioactive Extraction and Nano-Encapsulation." Encyclopedia 1, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 632–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030052.

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An extraction technology works on the principle of two consecutive steps that involves mixture of solute with solvent and the movement of soluble compounds from the cell into the solvent and its consequent diffusion and extraction. The conventional extraction techniques are mostly based on the use of mild/high temperatures (50–90 °C) that can cause thermal degradation, are dependent on the mass transfer rate, being reflected on long extraction times, high costs, low extraction efficiency, with consequent low extraction yields. Due to these disadvantages, it is of interest to develop non-thermal extraction methods, such as microwave, ultrasounds, supercritical fluids (mostly using carbon dioxide, SC-CO2), and high hydrostatic pressure-assisted extractions which works on the phenomena of minimum heat exposure with reduced processing time, thereby minimizing the loss of bioactive compounds during extraction. Further, to improve the stability of these extracted compounds, nano-encapsulation is required. Nano-encapsulation is a process which forms a thin layer of protection against environmental degradation and retains the nutritional and functional qualities of bioactive compounds in nano-scale level capsules by employing fats, starches, dextrins, alginates, protein and lipid materials as encapsulation materials.

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9

Gharibzahedi, Seyed Mohammad Taghi, and Zeynep Altintas. "Ultrasound-Assisted Alcoholic Extraction of Lesser Mealworm Larvae Oil: Process Optimization, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Energy Consumption." Antioxidants 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101943.

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The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of oil from lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus L.) larvae powders (LMLPs) using ethanol/isopropanol as the superior solvent was optimized. The evaluation of time (9.89–35.11 min), solvent-to-LMLPs (2.39–27.61 v/w), and temperature (16.36–83.64 °C) showed that the highest extraction efficiency (EE, 88.08%) and in vitro antioxidant activity (IVAA) of reducing power (0.651), and DPPH free-radical scavenging capacity (70.79%) were achieved at 22.5 v/w solvent-to-LMLPs and 70 °C for 22.64 min. Optimal ultrasound conditions significantly improved the EE than n-hexane extraction (60.09%) by reducing the electric energy consumption by ~18.5 times from 0.637 to 0.035 kWh/g. The oil diffusivity in ethanol-isopropanol during the UAE (0.97 × 10−9 m2/s) was much better than that of n-hexane (5.07 × 10−11 m2/s). The microstructural images confirmed the high efficiency of ethanol-isopropanol in the presence of ultrasounds to remove oil flakes from the internal and external surfaces of LMLPs. The improved IVAA was significantly associated with the total phenolic (4.306 mg GAE/g, r = 0.991) and carotenoid (0.778 mg/g, r = 0.937) contents (p < 0.01). Although there was no significant difference in the fatty acid profile between the two extracted oils, ethanol-isopropanol under sonication acceptably improved oxidative stability with lower peroxides, conjugated dienes and trienes, and free fatty acids.

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10

Baiano, Antonietta, Roberto Romaniello, Ferruccio Giametta, and Anna Fiore. "Optimization of Process Variables for the Sustainable Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Chicory and Fennel By-Products." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2023): 4191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074191.

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The production of minimally processed vegetables generates large amounts of by-products whose concentrations in bioactive compounds is comparable to those of the edible part. The aim of this work was the optimization of sustainable processes for the extraction of phenolic compounds from chicory and fennel by-products using water as solvent. The results were compared with those obtained through a conventional extraction performed with a 70% ethanol aqueous solution as extraction solvent. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extractions (MAE) were established by developing two Box–Behnken designs, respectively, a four-factor, three-level design and a three-factor, three-level design. A quadratic polynomial model was useful in optimizing both the ultrasonic (R2 0.8473 for chicory and R2 0.9208 for fennel) and microwave (R2 0.9145 for chicory and R2 0.7836 for fennel) extraction of bioactive compounds as well as the antioxidant activity of extract (R2 0.8638 for chicory and R2 0.9238 for fennel treated with ultrasounds; R2 0.9796 for chicory and R2 0.7486 for fennel submitted to MAE). The UAE conditions able to maximize the total phenolic concentrations were: 10 g/100 mL, 55 °C, t: 60 min, 72 W for chicory (9.07 mg gallic acid/g dm) and 15 g/100 mL, 45 °C, t: 40 min, 120 W for fennel (6.64 mg gallic acid/g dm). Concerning MAE, the highest phenolic concentrations were obtained applying 7.5 g/100 mL; 2 min; 350 W for chicory (8.23 mg gallic acid/g dm); 7.5 g/100 mL; 3 min; 160 W for fennel (6.73 mg gallic acid/g dm). Compared to conventional solvent extraction, UAE and MAE allowed the obtainment of (a) chicory extracts richer in phenolic compounds (+48% and +34%, respectively), in less time (4-fold and 90-fold reduction, respectively) and (b) fennel, extracts with slightly lower amount of phenolics (−11.7% and −10.5%, respectively) but halving the extraction time (UAE) or reducing it to 60-fold (MAE).

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11

Davidson, Morag, François Louvet, Emmanuelle Meudec, Cornelia Landolt, Karine Grenier, Sandrine Périno, Tan-Sothéa Ouk, and Naïma Saad. "Optimized Single-Step Recovery of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Raspberry, Strawberry and Blackberry Pomaces Using a Simultaneous Ultrasound-Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (UEAE)." Antioxidants 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2023): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101793.

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An ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE) was optimized to extract, simultaneously, the hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds from three berry pomaces (raspberry, strawberry and blackberry). First, an enzyme screening designated a thermostable alkaline protease as the most suitable enzyme to recover, in an aqueous medium, the highest yields of polyphenols and oil in the most efficient way. Secondly, the selected enzyme was coupled to ultrasounds (US) in sequential and simultaneous combinations. The simultaneous US–alkaline enzyme combination was selected as a one-single-step process and was then optimized by definitive screening design (DSD). The optimized parameters were: US amplitude, 20% (raspberry pomace) or 70% (strawberry and blackberry pomaces); pH, 8; E/S ratio, 1% (w/w); S/L ratio, 6% (w/v); extraction time, 30 min; temperature, 60 °C. Compared to conventional extractions using organic solvents, the UEAE extracted all the polyphenols, with around 75% of the active polyphenols (measured by the DPPH● method) and up to 75% of the initial oil from the berry pomaces. Characterized lipophilic compounds were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), tocols and phytosterols. The polyphenolics were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS; characteristic ellagitannins of the Rosaceae family (sanguiin H-6 or agrimoniin, sanguiin H-10, …) and ellagic acid conjugates were found as the major components.

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Campanella, Beatrice, Mattia Simoncini, Elisa Passaglia, Francesca Cicogna, Gianluca Ciancaleoni, José González-Rivera, Luca Bernazzani, and Emilia Bramanti. "Ecofriendly Preparation of Rosmarinic Acid-poly(vinyl alcohol) Biofilms Using NADES/DES, Ultrasounds and Optimization via a Mixture-Process Design Strategy." Materials 17, no. 2 (January 12, 2024): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17020377.

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Green chemistry emphasizes the isolation of biologically active compounds from plants and biomass to produce renewable, bio-based products and materials through sustainability and circularity-driven innovation processes. In this work, we have investigated the extraction of rosmarinic acid (RA), a phenolic acid with several biological properties, from aromatic herbs using ultrasounds and low environmental risk natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Various solvent mixtures have been investigated, and the parameters influencing the process have been studied by a mixture-process experimental design to identify the optimal RA extraction conditions. The extraction yield has been calculated by HPLC-diode array analysis. The lactic acid:ethylene glycol mixture using an ultrasound-assisted process has been found to be the most versatile solvent system, giving RA yields 127–160% higher than hydroalcoholic extraction (70% ethanol). The deep eutectic solvent nature of lactic acid:ethylene glycol has been demonstrated for the first time by multi-technique characterization (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, DSC, and W absorption properties). The aqueous raw extract has been directly incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) to obtain films with potential antibacterial properties for applications in the field of food and pharmaceutical packaging.

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Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Monserrat, Beatriz Juliana Yerena-Prieto, Ceferino Carrera, Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa, Ana Velasco González-de-Peredo, Miguel Ángel García-Alvarado, Miguel Palma, Guadalupe del Carmen Rodríguez-Jimenes, and Gerardo Fernández Barbero. "Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for the Extraction of Gingerols and Shogaols from Ginger (Zingiber officinale)." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (July 2, 2023): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071787.

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The goal of this study is to optimize a UAE method for the extraction of the main bioactive compounds present in the ginger rhizome (gingerols and shogaols). Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) has a considerable content of bioactive compounds, in particular gingerols and shogaols, with interesting pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial properties, among others. The isolation of these compounds requires an efficient extraction process with short extraction times and the employment of specific non-toxic solvents for humans. In this work, the optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method for the extraction of the main pungent compounds in the ginger rhizome, i.e., gingerols and shogaols, has been carried out. For this purpose, a Box–Behnken design (BBD) has been used to optimize the experimental design through a response surface methodology (RSM). The percentage of ethanol in the extraction solvent, the temperature, the amplitude, and the cycle of the ultrasounds, as well as the sample-to-solvent ratio, were the variables to be studied. Thus, the percentage of ethanol in the extraction solvent was identified as the most influential factor. Once the compounds were extracted, the identification of gingerols and shogaols was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-ToF-MS), and the quantification by UHPLC coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) detector. Finally, the optimized UAE method required only 10 min of extraction time, presenting good repeatability and intermediate precision levels (<5%). The method was applied to extract gingerols and shogaols from diverse sources, thereby demonstrating its applicability and highlighting the potential variations in compound concentrations across different samples based on factors such as origin, and growing conditions, among others.

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Plazzotta, S., R. Ibarz, L. Manzocco, and O. Martín-Belloso. "Optimizing the antioxidant biocompound recovery from peach waste extraction assisted by ultrasounds or microwaves." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 63 (May 2020): 104954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104954.

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15

Ding, Yubin, Ksenia Morozova, Matteo Scampicchio, Angelo Morini, and Massimiliano Ferrari. "A novel cascade approach to extract bioactive compounds from officinal herbs." Italian Journal of Food Science 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v34i2.2137.

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This research aims to compare a novel cascade extraction method with a conventional solid–liquid extraction method, both assisted by ultrasounds. The cascade extraction method consists of a sequential series of extractions performed with the same hydroalcoholic solvent, which is reused from one herb to the other. In practice, a hydroalcoholic solution is firstly used to extract one botanical herb. The resulting extract is then reused for the extraction of a second herb. The process is repeated as many times as the number of herbs composing the final formulation. The main advantage of this approach is firstly the lower need of solvents compared with the individual extraction procedures, where a fresh solvent is needed on each extraction step. Furthermore, extracts of the two methods (solid liquid vs cascade extraction) were characterized with several antioxidant assays (DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC). The results show that the solid–liquid extraction method achieves similar yields to total phenols and similar TAC in comparison to the extracts obtained by the cascade extraction method. Also, the HPLC analysis of the extracts showed that both methods lead to similar chromatographic profiles either when analyzed by an electrochemical detector (CoulArray) or by a spectrometric diode array detector (DAD). However, our findings support the idea that the cascade extraction method obtains extracts richer of minor peaks, showing a more complex bioactive profile. Such results could be explained considering that the solvent used during the series of cascade extractions was enriched not only by antioxidants but also by plant surfactants, like saponins, which increase the solvent solubility. Overall, this research shows that the cascade extraction method can not only provide officinal herb extracts with similar phenolic yield and antioxidant capacity than conventional solid–liquid extraction but also with a more complex bioactive profile compared to traditional solid–liquid extraction and with a minor consumption of solvents.

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Punzi, Rossana, Annalisa Paradiso, Cristina Fasciano, Antonio Trani, Michele Faccia, Maria Concetta de Pinto, and Giuseppe Gambacorta. "Phenols and Antioxidant Activity in Vitro and in Vivo of Aqueous Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction from Artichoke By-Products." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 9 (September 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900924.

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Artichoke by-products are rich in phenolic compounds although they represent a waste for the food industry. This paper examines the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for obtaining organic solvent-free extracts rich in nutraceuticals from artichoke scraps. Application of ultrasounds for 60 minutes on test samples, using water as a solvent, improved recovery of phenolic substances compared with untreated samples. Among the phenols detected by high performance liquid chromatography, 5- O-caffeoylquinic and 1,5-di- O-caffeoylquinic acids were identified. In vivo treatments of tobacco BY-2 cells with ultrasonic extracts consistently enhanced their antioxidant power, making the cells more resistant to heat stress. UAE applied to artichoke by-products, using water as a solvent, appears to be a powerful eco-friendly technique that can provide extracts rich in nutraceuticals and turn waste products into resources. The extracts could be advantageously utilized in the food industry to produce functional foods.

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Contreras, María del Mar, Irene Gómez-Cruz, Inmaculada Romero, and Eulogio Castro. "Olive Pomace-Derived Biomasses Fractionation through a Two-Step Extraction Based on the Use of Ultrasounds: Chemical Characteristics." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010111.

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Olive-derived biomass is not only a renewable bioenergy resource but also it can be a source of bioproducts, including antioxidants. In this study, the antioxidant composition of extracted olive pomace (EOP) and a new byproduct, the residual fraction from olive pit cleaning (RFOPC or residual pulp) was characterized and compared to olive leafy biomass, which have been extensively studied as a source of antioxidants and other bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties. The chemical characterization showed that these byproducts contain a high amount of extractives; in the case of EOP, it was even higher (52.9%) than in olive leaves (OL) and olive mill leaves (OML) (35.8–45.1%). Then, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to recover antioxidants from the extractive fraction of these biomasses. The solubilization of antioxidants was much higher for EOP, correlating well with the extractives content and the total extraction yield. Accordingly, this also affected the phenolic richness of the extracts and the differences between all biomasses were diminished. In any case, the phenolic profile and the hydroxytyrosol cluster were different. While OL, OML, and EOP contained mainly hydroxytyrosol derivatives and flavones, RFOPC presented novel trilignols. Other compounds were also characterized, including secoiridoids, hydroxylated fatty acids, triterpenoids, among others, depending on the bioresource. Moreover, after the UAE extraction step, alkaline extraction was applied recovering a liquid and a solid fraction. While the solid fraction could of interest for further valorization as a biofuel, the liquid fraction contained proteins, sugars, and soluble lignin, which conferred antioxidant properties to these extracts, and whose content depended on the biomass and conditions applied.

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Contreras, María del Mar, Irene Gómez-Cruz, Inmaculada Romero, and Eulogio Castro. "Olive Pomace-Derived Biomasses Fractionation through a Two-Step Extraction Based on the Use of Ultrasounds: Chemical Characteristics." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010111.

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Olive-derived biomass is not only a renewable bioenergy resource but also it can be a source of bioproducts, including antioxidants. In this study, the antioxidant composition of extracted olive pomace (EOP) and a new byproduct, the residual fraction from olive pit cleaning (RFOPC or residual pulp) was characterized and compared to olive leafy biomass, which have been extensively studied as a source of antioxidants and other bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties. The chemical characterization showed that these byproducts contain a high amount of extractives; in the case of EOP, it was even higher (52.9%) than in olive leaves (OL) and olive mill leaves (OML) (35.8–45.1%). Then, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to recover antioxidants from the extractive fraction of these biomasses. The solubilization of antioxidants was much higher for EOP, correlating well with the extractives content and the total extraction yield. Accordingly, this also affected the phenolic richness of the extracts and the differences between all biomasses were diminished. In any case, the phenolic profile and the hydroxytyrosol cluster were different. While OL, OML, and EOP contained mainly hydroxytyrosol derivatives and flavones, RFOPC presented novel trilignols. Other compounds were also characterized, including secoiridoids, hydroxylated fatty acids, triterpenoids, among others, depending on the bioresource. Moreover, after the UAE extraction step, alkaline extraction was applied recovering a liquid and a solid fraction. While the solid fraction could of interest for further valorization as a biofuel, the liquid fraction contained proteins, sugars, and soluble lignin, which conferred antioxidant properties to these extracts, and whose content depended on the biomass and conditions applied.

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19

Blanco-Llamero, Cristina, Paz García-García, and Francisco Javier Señoráns. "Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081928.

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Microalgal biomass is a sustainable source of bioactive lipids with omega-3 fatty acids. The efficient extraction of neutral and polar lipids from microalgae requires alternative extraction methods, frequently combined with biomass pretreatment. In this work, a combined ultrasound and enzymatic process using commercial enzymes Viscozyme, Celluclast, and Alcalase was optimized as a pretreatment method for Nannochloropsis gaditana, where the Folch method was used for lipid extraction. Significant differences were observed among the used enzymatic pretreatments, combined with ultrasound bath or probe-type sonication. To further optimize this method, ranges of temperatures (35, 45, and 55 °C) and pH (4, 5, and 8) were tested, and enzymes were combined at the best conditions. Subsequently, simultaneous use of three hydrolytic enzymes rendered oil yields of nearly 29%, showing a synergic effect. To compare enzymatic pretreatments, neutral and polar lipids distribution of Nannochloropsis was determined by HPLC–ELSD. The highest polar lipids content was achieved employing ultrasound-assisted enzymatic pretreatment (55 °C and 6 h), whereas the highest glycolipid (44.54%) and PE (2.91%) contents were achieved using Viscozyme versus other enzymes. The method was applied to other microalgae showing the potential of the optimized process as a practical alternative to produce valuable lipids for nutraceutical applications.

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20

Rodríguez-Martínez, Beatriz, Pedro Ferreira-Santos, Beatriz Gullón, José António Teixeira, Cláudia M. Botelho, and Remedios Yáñez. "Exploiting the Potential of Bioactive Molecules Extracted by Ultrasounds from Avocado Peels—Food and Nutraceutical Applications." Antioxidants 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091475.

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Natural bioactive compounds from food waste have fomented interest in food and pharmaceutical industries for the past decade. In this work, it purposed the recovery of bioactive avocado peel extract using an environmentally friendly technique: the ultrasound assisted extraction. The response surface methodology was applied in order to optimize the conditions of the extraction, ethanol-water mixtures and time. The optimized extracts (ethanol 38.46%, 44.06 min, and 50 °C) were chemically characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS and FTIR. Its antioxidant ability, as well as, its effect on cell metabolic activity of normal (L929) and cancer (Caco-2, A549 and HeLa) cell lines were assessed. Aqueous ethanol extracts presented a high content in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant potential. The most representative class of the phenolic compounds found in the avocado peel extract were phenolic acids, such as hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Another important chemical group detected were the flavonoids, such as flavanols, flavanonols, flavones, flavanones and chalcone, phenylethanoids and lignans. In terms of its influence on the metabolic activity of normal and cancer cell lines, the extract does not significantly affect normal cells. On the other hand, it can negatively affect cancer cells, particularly HeLa cells. These results clearly demonstrated that ultrasound is a sustainable extraction technique, resulting in extracts with low toxicity in normal cells and with potential application in food, pharmaceutical or nutraceutical sectors.

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Zamboi, Aurora, Silvia Fraterrigo Garofalo, Tonia Tommasi, and Debora Fino. "Optimization of ultrasounds assisted extraction of polysaccharides from cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica using response surface methodology." Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 37 (February 2024): 101348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101348.

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Madia, Valentina Noemi, Daniela De Vita, Antonella Messore, Chiara Toniolo, Valeria Tudino, Alessandro De Leo, Ivano Pindinello, et al. "Analytical Characterization of an Inulin-Type Fructooligosaccharide from Root-Tubers of Asphodelusramosus L." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14030278.

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Plant-based systems continue to play a pivotal role in healthcare, and their use has been extensively documented. Asphodelus L. is a genus comprising various herbaceous species, known by the trivial name Asphodelus. These plants have been known since antiquity for both food and therapeutic uses, especially for treating several diseases associated with inflammatory and infectious skin disorders. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of different constituents, mainly anthraquinones, triterpenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Although extensive literature has been published on these constituents, a paucity of information has been reported regarding the carbohydrate composition, such as fructans and fructan-like derivatives. The extraction of water-soluble neutral polysaccharides is commonly performed using water extraction, at times assisted by microwaves and ultrasounds. Herein, we reported the investigation of the alkaline extraction of root-tubers of Asphodelus ramosus L., analyzing the water-soluble polysaccharides obtained by precipitation from the alkaline extract and its subsequent purification by chromatography. A polysaccharide was isolated by alkaline extraction; the HPTLC study to determine its composition showed fructose as the main monosaccharide. FT-IR analysis showed the presence of an inulin-type structure, and NMR analyses allowed us to conclude that A. ramosus roots contain polysaccharide with an inulin-type fructooligosaccharide with a degree of polymerization of 7–8.

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Nguyen, Hanh H. T., An T. Lam, Tuyen N. V. Pham, Tien X. Le, and Phung K. Le. "A review on Extraction of alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera Embryos and Leaves for Production of Dietary Supplement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 947, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/947/1/012009.

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Abstract Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) commonly distributed in low-lying and flooded areas like Southern Vietnam provides flowers, leaves, seeds, embryos, and edible rhizomes. All parts of the plant show good pharmacokinetic properties, especially lotus embryos and leaves. Studies have shown that lotus plums and leaves have many bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and polyphenols, in which alkaloids are one of mainly bioactive compound kinds. So that, there are many studies investigating extraction methods that increase the amount of alkaloid from lotus leaves, embryos. There are some conventional extract methods such as soak, heat reflux, Soxhlet, etc… and some modern extract methods as microwave, ultrasounds, enzyme assisted, supercritical fluids (S-CO2). At present, lotus leaves, embryos and their bioactivities can have application potential in the supplementary food such as protect-liver, anti-neurotic, etc.. The aim of this paper is to review a variety of develop methods used in the alkaloid extraction from lotus embryos, leaves. Besides, this study also introduces some pharmacokinetic properties of alkaloid which can use in functional foods.

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Bernardo, Fábio, Nuno Ratola, Arminda Alves, and Vera Homem. "Analysis of Volatile Methylsiloxanes in Water using a Small-scale Liquid-liquid Extraction Method followed by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (LLE-GC-MS)." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 8, no. 4 (July 8, 2022): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0002.

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Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) are ubiquitous anthropogenic pollutants that have been under scrutiny for their potential toxicity and environmental persistence. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a fast and reliable methodology to determine seven VMSs (D3, D4, D5, D6, L3, L4 and L5) in water matrices, based on a small-scale liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) assisted by ultrasounds and using a low volume of organic solvents. VMSs were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This methodology was successfully validated, showing low detection limits and a good precision (most of the relative standard deviations values below 15%) and accuracy (53-108%). Wastewater samples were analyzed and D5 and D6 were the dominant compounds in influent streams, with similar concentrations to those found in literature (up to 7 µg L-1). Most effluent samples presented VMSs levels below the limits of detection, with only D5 reaching up to 0.05 µg L-1.

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Cheaib, Dina, Nada El Darra, Hiba Rajha, Iman El-Ghazzawi, Youssef Mouneimne, Adla Jammoul, Richard Maroun, and Nicolas Louka. "Study of the Selectivity and Bioactivity of Polyphenols Using Infrared Assisted Extraction from Apricot Pomace Compared to Conventional Methods." Antioxidants 7, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7120174.

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The valorization of industrial food byproducts by means of environment-friendly extraction methods is becoming a major interest because of its environmental and economic values. In this study, the efficiency of many technologies, such as ultrasounds (US), microwaves (MW), and infrared (IR), was compared, in terms of polyphenol yield and bioactivity from apricot pomace. IR was the most effective method with the highest polyphenol (10 mg GAE/g DM), flavonoid (6 mg CE/g DM), and tannin (3.6 mg/L) yields. In terms of efficacy, IR was followed by MW, US, then solid-liquid (S/L) extraction. IR extract from apricot pomace exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against all the studied gram-positive strains (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and a one gram-negative strain (Escherichia coli). Moreover, IR extracts had by far the highest antiradical activity (AC) (40%) followed by MW (31%), US (28%), and then S/L (15%). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) permitted the identification and quantification of rutin in all extracts; whereas catechin was detected in those of IR (3.1 μg/g DM), MW (2.1 μg/g DM), and US (1.5 μg/g DM). Epicatechin was exclusively found in IR extract (4 μg/g DM), suggesting the selectivity of IR towards this compound. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the IR technique induced the highest cellular and structural damage in apricot pomace, which could explain the effectiveness of this technology.

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Wang, Jin, Yong-Ming Zhao, Ya-Ting Tian, Chun-Lin Yan, and Chun-Yan Guo. "Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds fromInula helenium." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/157527.

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Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds fromInula heleniumwas studied. Effects of ethanol concentration, ultrasonic time, solid-liquid ratio, and number of extractions were investigated. An orthogonal array was constructed to optimize UAE process. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 30%; solid-liquid ratio, 1 : 20; number of extractions, 2 times; extraction time, 30 min. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid was6.13±0.58and1.32±0.17 mg/g, respectively. The results showed that high amounts of phenolic compounds can be extracted fromI. heleniumby ultrasound-assisted extraction technology.

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Xiao, Linda, Wei-Guo Lao, Yi Tan, and Xianqin Qu. "In Vitro Investigation of Anti-Diabetic Effect of Taxus cuspidate Extracts by Ultrasound Assisted Method." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 40, no. 06 (January 2012): 1205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x12500899.

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Extracting active components from Chinese medicinal herbs efficiently is a key step in the investigation of their pharmacological effects and modes of action. In this project, we compared the ultrasound-assisted method and the conventional solvent method for extracting the active compound of Taxus cuspidate (dong bei hong dou shan). Through the analysis of various extractions with a quadruple time-of-fight (Q-TOF) LC/MS, we demonstrated that the ultrasound-assisted method reduced solvent consumption and had shorter extraction time, while the extraction yields of the active compound (taxol) were equivalent to or even higher than those obtained with the conventional solvent extraction method. Through the comparison of Taxus cuspidate extracts (TCEs) with different concentrations of acetone and ethanol, we proved that 50% ethanol was an optimal solvent for extracting taxol from Taxus cuspidate. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) literature, we further determined whether TCEs possess antidiabetic effects by testing glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with TCEs from Taxus cuspidate bark and twigs under insulin stimulation (100 nM). The results showed that neither taxol (10 μg/ml) nor TCEs (1 and 0.1 mg/ml) changed glucose uptake significantly compared with insulin alone. This study demonstrated that the ultrasound-assisted method with 50% ethanol is a highly efficient approach for extracting Taxus cuspidate, which may be applicable for extraction of other Chinese medicinal herbs. Extracts of Taxus cuspidate bark and twigs had no effect on insulin stimulated-glucose uptake in vitro. This result conflicts with the description in TCM literature. Further in vivo study to clarify Taxus cuspidate's metabolic actions is necessary.

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Sanz, Vanesa, Herminia Domínguez, and María Dolores Torres. "Formulation and Thermomechanical Characterization of Functional Hydrogels Based on Gluten Free Matrices Enriched with Antioxidant Compounds." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041962.

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Native starch from potatoes and hybrid carrageenans from the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus have been used as gluten-free gelling matrices to obtain functional hydrogels. The enrichment of gelling matrices with antioxidant compounds from natural sources is an increasing market trend. In this context, this work is aimed at the formulation and thermo-rheological characterization of functional hydrogels using potato starch from agro-industrial waste and kappa–iota hybrid carrageenans extracted from the above seaweed, enriched with antioxidant compounds from different agro-industrial products, such as waste coming from the pruning of green tea and two varieties of hops used in the brewing industry. Environmentally friendly technologies such as microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasounds and autohydrolysis were used for the recovery of antioxidant compounds. The results point out that functional hydrogels based on potato starch and hybrid carrageenans with a wide range of viscoelastic features can be achieved, with the particularity of being suitable for people with celiac disease. The incorporation of selected antioxidant extracts from vegetable by-products involved the drop (about tenfold) of the viscous and elastic properties of the formulated gels. The sequential combination of the above treatments could even further expand the thermo-rheological properties of formulated hydrogels, with potential application in functional foodstuffs and novel gluten-free goods.

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Sun, Li-Hui, Feng Yu, Yu-Ying Wang, Shi-Wen Lv, and Lei-Yu He. "Effects of ultrasound extraction on the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of rice bran protein." International Journal of Food Engineering 17, no. 5 (February 22, 2021): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2019-0115.

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Abstract In this study, rice bran protein was prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction, and its physicochemical and emulsifying properties were also evaluated. Results demonstrated that a significant increase in protein yield was observed when ultrasound-assisted method was employed for extracting protein. Noticeably, obtained rice bran protein possessed excellent physicochemical properties, such as oil absorption capacity, protein solubility and foaming property. More hydrophobic groups were exposed in the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction, which led to the increase of surface hydrophobicity. More importantly, the ultrasound-assisted extraction could improve emulsifying properties of rice bran protein, and the emulsions prepared using protein samples exhibited the great stability. Besides, it was also found that emulsifying properties of protein samples presented a decrease trend with increasing ultrasound power and time. All in all, ultrasound-assisted extraction is a suitable alternative process for preparing rice bran protein.

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Seregelj, Vanja, Olja Sovljanski, Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic, Teodora Cvanic, Aleksandra Ranitovic, Jelena Vulic, and Milica Acimovic. "Modern green approaches for obtaining Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff extracts with enhanced biological activity." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc220314043s.

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Modern trends in phytochemical extraction from alternative crops support exploring use of alternative technologies such as ultrasound- and micro-wave-assisted extractions. Considering the reduction of toxic solvents, rapid and effective extraction process, the above-mentioned technologies have become the foundation of green chemistry approaches in a wide range of applications. These extractions have not been studied on Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff, which is a highly potent plant when considering its aromatic and medicinal properties. This preliminary study presents an in vitro evaluation of biological activities of ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extracts of S. kitaibelii, for the first time. Furthermore, it offers a totally green, modern, fast, and reproducible method for extraction of phytochemicals from S. kitaibelii herba (Rtanj Mountain, Serbia). This short communication suggests that the applied microwave-assisted extraction, using only water as the solvent, can be a promising approach for obtaining green products with commercial potential.

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Yucetepe, Aysun, Oznur Saroglu, Fatih Bildik, Beraat Ozcelik, and Ceren Daskaya-Dikmen. "Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of protein from Spirulina platensis using RSM." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 1 (February 28, 2018): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/64/2017-cjfs.

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The protein extraction from the blue-green microalgae Spirulina platensis was carried out using ultrasound-assisted extraction and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise extraction conditions. Extraction yield, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and in vitro protein digestibility of protein extracts were determined. A three factors Box-Behnken design (BBD) of experiments was employed at pH values of 7, 8 and 9; temperatures of 25, 35, and 45°C; and for durations of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Based on the RSM analysis, optimum extraction conditions (temperature 45°C, pH 7.46 and time 120 min) were obtained for extraction yield (29.05%), total phenolic content (3.52 mg caffeic acid equivalent/g dw), antioxidant activity (11.32 mg Trolox equivalent/g dw) and in vitro protein digestibility (99.36%). We report the first evaluation of the in vitro protein digestibility of Spirulina platensis and find it to be over 90%. This value is higher than the in vitro protein digestibility values of proteins obtained from other algae and plant species, and, in particular, is greater than that of commercial soybean protein isolate.

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Quoc, L. P. T., and H. N. Q. Anh. "Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms Root." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki 165, no. 1 (2023): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2023.1.58-67.

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Анотація:

Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms root extracts were obtained and separated using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with the preset optimal parameters, such as solvent/solid (SS) ratio (50/1, mL g–1), ethanol concentration (40%, v/v), temperature (45 °C), and extraction time (20 min). The best values of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of the extracts under these extraction conditions were 2.13 ± 0.02 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dry sample weight (DW) for TPC and 78.13 ± 0.25% for AC. In addition, the structure of the plant material was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM): it was revealed that the structure of the residues changed completely as a result of the ultrasound treatment compared to the initial material.

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Jovanović, Aleksandra, Predrag Petrović, Verica Đorđević, Gordana Zdunić, Katarina Savikin, and Branko Bugarski. "Free radicals' scavenging capacity of Thymus serpyllum L. extracts depending on applied extraction conditions and extraction techniques." Hrana i ishrana 62, no. 2 (2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/hraish2102015j.

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Polyphenols, as plant secondary metabolites, achieve strong antioxidant capacity by scavenging free radicals, chelating metals, and interacting with lipid membranes, proteins and nucleic acids. The aim of the present study was the examination of the applied extraction conditions (particle size of plant material, solvent-to-solid ratio, solvent type, and extraction time) and extraction techniques (maceration, heat- and ultrasound-assisted extractions) on the free radicals' scavenging capacity of Thymus serpyllum polyphenol extracts, determined in ABTS and DPPH methods. According to the results, smaller particle size of herbal drug resulted with better antioxidant potential. However, this effect was statistically significant for heat- and ultrasound-assisted extractions according to ABTS assay, and for maceration and heat-assisted extraction according to DPPH assay. Furthermore, the increase in solvent-to-solid ratio from 10:1 to 30:1 resulted in the extracts with higher antioxidant activity regardless of the type of extraction technique, whereas the scavenging activity of ethanol extracts was higher in comparison to aqueous extracts. In terms of extraction time for achieving the highest free radicals' scavenging capacity, 30 min can be recommended for maceration and heat-assisted extraction, and 5 min for processing by ultrasonic probe. In neutralization of ABTS radicals, there were no statistically significant differences between antioxidant capacity of T. serpyllum extracts obtained by using different extraction techniques, whereas in DPPH scavenging activity, the extracts obtained in ultrasound-assisted extraction have shown statistically significantly higher activity. Due to the free radicals' scavenging properties shown in the present study, T. serpyllum extracts may be used in the formulations in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries.

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Galanty, Agnieszka, Paweł Paśko, Irma Podolak, and Paweł Zagrodzki. "Optimization of usnic acid extraction conditions using fractional factorial design." Lichenologist 52, no. 5 (September 2020): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282920000316.

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AbstractUsnic acid is a unique lichen metabolite of industrial importance, widely studied to explore its pharmacological potential and valued especially as an antibacterial agent in cosmetics. Although a vast number of papers describe usnic acid extraction from various lichen species, none has so far provided an unequivocal indication of the best extraction procedure for this compound. Thus, the current study was focused on the direct comparison of three commonly used usnic acid extraction methods (heat reflux, shaking, ultrasound-assisted extractions), which were optimized using fractional factorial design. Heat reflux extraction, shaking extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction were first optimized in a series of experiments using fractional factorial design, with respect to three parameters: the extraction time, the solvent used and the number of extraction repetitions. HPLC was employed for usnic acid quantitative analysis. The best scores for each extraction method were statistically compared and the optimal conditions were indicated. The optimal set of parameters for usnic acid was established to be a single, 60 min heat reflux extraction with acetone. This extraction scheme provided 4.25 ±0.08 mg g−1 d.w. of usnic acid, while for ultrasound-assisted and shaking extractions the amount was two- or even four times lower (2.33 ±0.17 and 0.97 ±0.08 mg g−1 d.w., respectively). The optimal procedure for usnic acid extraction described here may be suitable for effective acquisition of this compound for scientific research purposes, but also for applications in the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.

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Chi, Yuanlong, Yanglong Deng, Shenghui Pu, Yao Ren, Zhifeng Zhao, and Qiang He. "Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of hydroxy-sanshool compounds from the hydrodistillation residue of two Sichuan peppers: optimization, quantification and pungent taste contribution evaluation." RSC Advances 11, no. 8 (2021): 4547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09234g.

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Hydroxy-sanshool compounds were extracted from the hydrodistillation residue of Z. bungeanum Maxim. pericarp and Z. armatum DC. pericarp by using ethanol–water extraction and extractions assisted with (i) enzymes, (ii) ultrasound, and (iii) enzymes and ultrasound.

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Kha, Tuyen C., Minh H. Nguyen, Paul D. Roach, and Costas E. Stathopoulos. "Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Oil and Carotenoids from Microwave-Dried Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) Aril." International Journal of Food Engineering 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0220.

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Анотація:

Abstract The study aimed to optimise the ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of oil, β-carotene and lycopene from powdered microwave-dried gac arils. Ultrasound power, extraction time, powder particle size and the ratio of water to gac powder during the extraction, the centrifugal force used to recover the extracted components were investigated. Microwave-drying followed by aqueous extraction without ultrasound-assistance and air-drying followed by aqueous extraction with or without ultrasound-assistance was also carried out for comparisons. The gac material left behind after the extractions was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that ultrasound power of 32 W/g of aril powder, extraction time of 20 min, powder particle sizes of 0.3–0.5 mm, a ratio of water to powder of 9 g/g and a centrifugal force of 6,750×g gave optimal extraction efficiencies for oil (90%), β-carotene (84%) and lycopene (83%), and the oil had a low peroxide value (PV) of 2.2 meq/kg. The SEM analysis confirmed that the combination of microwave-drying followed by ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction caused strong disruption of the gac aril cellular structures, which was consistent with the high extraction of oil, β-carotene and lycopene obtained with the combination. It was concluded that gac oil containing high amounts of β-carotene and lycopene and having a low PV could be extracted using microwave-drying and ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction.

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Usman, Muhammad, Mayuko Nakagawa, and Shuo Cheng. "Emerging Trends in Green Extraction Techniques for Bioactive Natural Products." Processes 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2023): 3444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11123444.

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Анотація:

This review explores eco-friendly methods for extracting bioactive natural products from diverse sources. The introductory exploration emphasizes the increasing demand for sustainable extraction methods, with a focus on the environmental impact of conventional approaches. Addressing existing knowledge gaps, this review outlines the key objectives of evaluating various green extraction technologies, including supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and others. The primary findings underscore the remarkable potential and advancements achieved with green solvents, specifically deep eutectic solvents and bio-based solvents. This review elucidates the synergistic effects achieved by combining different extraction techniques, exemplified by ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction and sequential supercritical fluid and pressurized liquid extraction, among others. Notwithstanding the promising results, this review emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and addressing challenges such as standardization, selectivity, scalability, and economic viability.

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Xue, Lei, Fang Wei, Guizhen Gao, Guixin Yan, Weilin Song, Biyun Chen, Kun Xu, Hong Chen, and Xiaoming Wu. "Development of an ultrasound-assisted extraction method for the rapid quantification of seed carotenoid content in oilseed rape." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 1 (2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16351.

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Анотація:

The selection of cultivars with high carotenoid content represents a novel goal in the genetic improvement of oilseed rape. The successful development of an efficient method for the quantification of carotenoids in oilseed rape is a prerequisite for this breeding initiative. In the present study, ultrasound-assisted extraction was combined with a spectrophotometric method to quantify seed carotenoid levels in oilseed rape. The key variables were optimised as follows: the solvent used was a 1 : 1 (v : v) mixture of petroleum ether and acetone, the solid to solvent concentration was 0.08 g/mL, the ultrasound frequency and power were set at 45/100 (kHZ/w), and three extractions of 15 min each were performed. Compared with the conventional solvent extraction method, the time required for extraction using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method was significantly shortened (by 24 times), and the reproducibility was also remarkably improved. These results indicate that ultrasound-assisted spectrophotometric quantification is a rapid, accurate, simple and low cost tool for the screening and selection of rapeseed cultivars with high carotenoid content.

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Nunes Mattos, Gabriela, Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araújo Santiago, Ana Carolina Sampaio Doria Chaves, Amauri Rosenthal, Renata Valeriano Tonon, and Lourdes Maria Correa Cabral. "Anthocyanin Extraction from Jaboticaba Skin (Myrciaria cauliflora Berg.) Using Conventional and Non-Conventional Methods." Foods 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11060885.

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Анотація:

This study evaluated the effect of different extraction technologies and conditions in order to obtain jaboticaba skin extracts. Firstly, the skins were extracted by conventional extraction, according to a rotatable central composite design, varying ethanol concentration, solid:liquid ratio, and temperature. Next, ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed using different power densities and times. Finally, high-pressure extractions were performed with varying pressures and times. For agitated bed extraction, the highest anthocyanin content was observed for ethanol concentrations varying between 60% and 80%. Thus, the independent variables which more influenced anthocyanin content were ethanol concentration and solid:liquid ratio. Folin–Ciocalteu reducing capacity was linearly affected by the increase in temperature. Ethanol concentration was the variable that most influenced ABTS+. On the other hand, the increase in ethanol concentration decreased the antioxidant capacity by ABTS+. Considering the ultrasound extraction, increasing its power did not affect total monomeric anthocyanins content, while the increase in process time had better yields. The highest antioxidant capacity and total monomeric anthocyanins were found for the highest extraction time. Similarly, with ultrasound, the increase in high hydrostatic-assisted extraction time positively influenced anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity. As a result, the ultrasound-assisted method was found to be the best extraction technology for anthocyanins recovery.

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Chen, Haoshuang, Shudong He, Hanju Sun, Qiuyang Li, Kuan Gao, Xinya Miao, Jie Xiang, Xiongjie Wu, Longmei Gao, and Yi Zhang. "A Comparative Study on Extraction and Physicochemical Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Glutinous Rice Bran Using Different Methods." Separations 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10020090.

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Анотація:

The methods of hot water extraction and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatment were applied for extracting the soluble dietary fiber from the glutinous rice bran in the study. Based on the single factor experiment for the hot water method, the optimum parameters of the extraction time of 120 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:20 (w/v), and pH 8.0, as well as the extraction temperature 80 °C, were obtained, while the yield and purity of SDF reached 31.83 ± 0.06% and 93.28 ± 0.27%, respectively. Furthermore, the SDF yield was improved to 34.87 ± 0.55% by using the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic treatment under the optimum conditions of cellulase dosage 9 × 103 U/g and ultrasonic temperature of 50 °C. Similar polysaccharide compositions were detected based on the infrared spectroscopic analysis. Compared with the SDF obtained from hot water extraction, the whiteness, solubility, water holding capacity, and swelling properties of SDF extracted by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method improved significantly. These results demonstrated that both two strategies could be applied to SDF extraction in practical production, and the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method might be an effective tool to improve the functional properties of SDF.

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Xu, Qin, Shusheng Wang, Heather Milliron, and Qingyou Han. "The Efficacy of Phenolic Compound Extraction from Potato Peel Waste." Processes 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 2326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112326.

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As an agroindustrial waste product, potato peels contain valuable phenolic compounds that can be extracted before they are sent to the landfill. Based on previous work, this study focused on determining the efficacies of phenolic compound extraction from potato peels using conventional shaking extraction (CSE) and both direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE), and indirect ultrasound-assisted extraction (IUAE). The yield curve associated with each extraction method was measured and characterized. The maximum yield of phenolic compounds and its dependence on processing parameters were evaluated. The applicability of the Peleg model for describing the yield curve was evaluated. Based on the Peleg model, a recovery ratio was defined to calculate its corresponding extraction rate. This extraction rate, combined with the yield, can be used for describing the efficacy of an extraction method. Our results indicate that the ultrasound-assisted extraction methods were capable of extracting phenolic compounds at a given recovery ratio one or two orders of magnitude faster than the CSE method. Models described in the article are expected to be useful in evaluating the extraction efficacy of valuable compounds from various agricultural or agroindustrial waste.

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Ragheb, Elham, Mojtaba Shamsipur, Fahimeh Jalali, Marzieh Sadeghi, Nasrin Babajani, and Naser Mafakheri. "Magnetic solid-phase extraction using metal–organic framework-based biosorbent followed by ligandless deep-eutectic solvent-ultrasounds-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DES-USA-DLLME) for preconcentration of mercury (II)." Microchemical Journal 166 (July 2021): 106209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106209.

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Savic Gajic, Ivana, Ivan Savic, Ivana Boskov, Stanko Žerajić, Ivana Markovic, and Dragoljub Gajic. "Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Black Locust (Robiniae Pseudoacaciae) Flowers and Comparison with Conventional Methods." Antioxidants 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080248.

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The aim of this study was to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from black locust (Robiniae pseudoacaciae) flowers using central composite design. The ethanol concentration (33–67%), extraction temperature (33–67 °C), and extraction time (17–33 min) were analyzed as the factors that impact the total phenolic content. The liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 cm3 g−1 was the same during extractions. The optimal conditions were found to be 59 °C, 60% (v/v) ethanol, and extraction time of 30 min. The total phenolic content (TPC = 3.12 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 120.5 µg cm−3) of the extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction were compared with those obtained by maceration (TPC = 2.54 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material, IC50 = 150.6 µg cm−3) and Soxhlet extraction (TPC = 3.22 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material, IC50 = 204.2 µg cm−3). The ultrasound-assisted extraction gave higher total phenolic content and better antioxidant activity for shorter extraction time so that it represents the technique of choice for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The obtained extract, as the source of antioxidants, can be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Addo, Philip Wiredu, Sai Uday Kumar Reddy Sagili, Samuel Eichhorn Bilodeau, Frederick-Alexandre Gladu-Gallant, Douglas A. MacKenzie, Jennifer Bates, Garnet McRae, et al. "Microwave- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Cannabinoids and Terpenes from Cannabis Using Response Surface Methodology." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 8803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248803.

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Limited studies have explored different extraction techniques that improve cannabis extraction with scale-up potential. Ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction were evaluated to maximize the yield and concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes. A central composite rotatable design was used to optimize independent factors (sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, and duty cycle). The optimal conditions for ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction were the sample-to-solvent ratios of 1:15 and 1:14.4, respectively, for 30 min at 60 °C. Ultrasound-assisted extraction yielded 14.4% and 14.2% more oil and terpenes, respectively, compared with microwave-assisted extracts. Ultrasound-assisted extraction increased cannabinoid concentration from 13.2–39.2%. Considering reference ground samples, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid increased from 17.9 (g 100 g dry matter−1) to 28.5 and 20 with extraction efficiencies of 159.2% and 111.4% for ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction, respectively. Principal component analyses indicate that the first two principal components accounted for 96.6% of the total variance (PC1 = 93.2% and PC2 = 3.4%) for ultrasound-assisted extraction and 92.4% of the total variance (PC1 = 85.4% and PC2 = 7%) for microwave-assisted extraction. Sample-to-solvent ratios significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the secondary metabolite profiles and yields for ultrasound-assisted extracts, but not microwave-assisted extracts.

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Stabrauskiene, Jolita, Mindaugas Marksa, Liudas Ivanauskas, and Jurga Bernatoniene. "Optimization of Naringin and Naringenin Extraction from Citrus × paradisi L. Using Hydrolysis and Excipients as Adsorbent." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050890.

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While flavanones exist in a variety of chemical forms, their favorable health effects are most prominent in their free form—aglycones. Their concentrations in grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi L.) extracts vary according to the extraction and hydrolysis methods used. The primary aim of this work was to maximize the yields of naringin and naringenin from various parts of fresh grapefruit fruits (flavedo, albedo, and segmental) using different extraction and hydrolysis methods. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the excipient—magnesium aluminometasilicate—and determine its influence on the qualitative composition of grapefruit extracts. Extracts were obtained by heat reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction with an ultrasonic homogenizer (UAE*), and ultrasound-assisted extraction with a bath (UAE). Ultrasound-assisted extraction using a bath (UAE) was modulated using acidic, thermal, and alkaline hydrolysis. The highest yield of naringin 8A (17.45 ± 0.872 mg/g) was obtained from an albedo sample under optimal conditions using ultrasound-assisted extraction; a high yield of naringenin 23-SHR (35.80 ± 1.79 µg/g) was produced using the heat reflux method from the segmental part. Meanwhile, ultrasonic combined with thermal hydrolysis significantly increased flavanone extraction from the albedo and segmental parts: naringin from sample 9-A (from 17.45 ± 0.872 mg/g to 25.05 ± 1.25 mg/g) and naringenin from sample 15-S (from 0 to 4.21 ± 0.55 µg/g). Additionally, magnesium aluminometasilicate demonstrated significant increases of naringenin from all treated grapefruit parts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of magnesium aluminometasilicate used as an adsorbent in flavanone extractions.

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Epifano, Francesco, Francesca Preziuso, Vito Taddeo, Serena Fiorito, and Salvatore Genovese. "An Example of a Novel Efficient Plant Extraction Technique: Electromagnetic Induction Heating." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23113048.

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A simple and easy to handle extraction procedure based on the use of electromagnetic induction heating is described. To assess the potential, scopes, and limitations of this novel process, extraction and subsequent HPLC quantification of emodin from an hydroalcoholic extract of rhizome of Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb) was selected as the reference experiment. Maceration at room temperature and by heating, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted extractions were also carried out for comparison. Results obtained with electromagnetic induction heating showed that this methodology performed largely better both in terms of time process and extraction yields.

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SHENG, Z., Y. WANG, P. WAN, and Y. LI. "ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF TOTAL FLAVONOIDS FROM LEAVES OF SYRINGA OBLATA LINDL." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 44, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2014.430.

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Leaves of Syringa Oblata Lindl. possess some important biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. These biological properties are mainly attributed to total flavonoids content. In this paper, ultrasound-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from leaves of Syringa Oblata Lindl. was studied. Effects of several experimental parameters, such as concentration of extracting solvent, ratio of liquid to material, extraction temperature, and time of sonication on extraction efficiencies of total flavonoids were evaluated. The best extraction conditions were: 1 g plant sample with 20 mL of 50% ethanol, at 60 °C for 50 min, obtaining a yield of total flavonoids of 92.00 ± 0.87 mg/g of plant. The results indicated that high amounts of total flavonoids can be extracted from leaves of Syringa Oblata Lindl. by ultrasound-assisted extraction technology.

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Putnik, Predrag, Jose Lorenzo, Francisco Barba, Shahin Roohinejad, Anet Režek Jambrak, Daniel Granato, Domenico Montesano, and Danijela Bursać Kovačević. "Novel Food Processing and Extraction Technologies of High-Added Value Compounds from Plant Materials." Foods 7, no. 7 (July 5, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods7070106.

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Some functional foods contain biologically active compounds (BAC) that can be derived from various biological sources (fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, wastes, and by-products). Global food markets demand foods from plant materials that are “safe”, “fresh”, “natural”, and with “nutritional value” while processed in sustainable ways. Functional foods commonly incorporate some plant extract(s) rich with BACs produced by conventional extraction. This approach implies negative thermal influences on extraction yield and quality with a large expenditure of organic solvents and energy. On the other hand, sustainable extractions, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), high-pressure assisted extraction (HPAE), high voltage electric discharges assisted extraction (HVED), pulsed electric fields assisted extraction (PEF), supercritical fluids extraction (SFE), and others are aligned with the “green” concepts and able to provide raw materials on industrial scale with optimal expenditure of energy and chemicals. This review provides an overview of relevant innovative food processing and extraction technologies applied to various plant matrices as raw materials for functional foods production.

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Achmad Qodim Syafaatullah, Yeni Variyana, Ni’matur Rohmah, Iid Mufaidah, and Ayu Qurota A’yun. "Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Parameters from Indigofera Tinctoria L using Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Research and Technology 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55732/jrt.v7i2.450.

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Nowadays, the natural dyes are commonly used in textile industry. One of them is Indigofera tinctoria L leaves extracting natural dyes that produce blue color and have various potential utilization. However, the extraction time required usually takes a long time using conventional extraction. Thus, some researches reported that ultrasound-assisted extraction can accelerate and increase the extraction yield. The mechanism of ultrasonography is able to assist matrix cell rupture through the ultrasound cavitation. The present research aimed to study and to evaluate the Indigofera tinctoria L dye using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with box-behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize and to analyze the extraction conditions. The independent factors were ratio feed to solvent (0.02-0.1 g/ml), ultrasound temperature (50-60oC), and extraction time (50-90 minutes). Further, feed to solvent ratio was the most significant factor of extraction process in comparison with temperature and extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were 58oC, 0.02 g/ml, and 50 minutes. The predicted model obtained was 6.025% which close to the actual data (5.75%). Moreover, the extract dye compounds were analyzed by FTIR test and the result was 64.07% for presence of Indigo dye. Therefore, the natural dyes can be alternative and sustainable dye as environmentally friendly

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Verret, Catherine, Anja Rakotondramavo, and Sullivan Renouard. "Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Podophyllotoxin from Juniperus scopulorum Needles." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2023): 12194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212194.

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Background—Podophyllotoxin, a polyphenolic compound with major applications in cancer treatment, is in short supply, as its source is now an endangered plant species. It is therefore essential to find another available plant that produces high levels of podophyllotoxin. Some Juniperus species are known to contain podophyllotoxin, more exactly within their needles, but are still unused in this regard. Objective—The aim is to develop an efficient green ultrasound-assisted extraction protocol for podophyllotoxin from commercially available Juniperus scopulorum varieties. Methodology—To highlight optimal extraction conditions, a single-factor experiment was performed to identify the parameters (extraction duration, frequency, temperature extraction, preliminary grinding, and plant material concentration) influencing extraction. A multifactorial approach using the Box–Behnken design was then applied to determine the exact optimal extraction conditions. Results—The conditions for extracting the maximum amount of podophyllotoxin consist of 51.5 min of extraction time, in ethanol at 69.3%, and at 58.8 °C. This is the highest podophyllotoxin extraction yield ever obtained from Juniperus scopulorum needles. Compared with the reference protocol for the extracting of podophyllotoxin from Juniperus, ultrasonic extraction is an eco-friendly protocol, safe for humans, and the podophyllotoxin extracted by this method has much greater stability, allowing its purification. The analyses also indicate a variation in the podophyllotoxin content of Juniperus scopulorum needles, (from 7.02 to 10.34 mg/g DW) depending on the variety and year of purchase. Conclusion—Extraction in ethanol at 69.3% and at 58.8 °C for 51.5 min allows the extraction of up to 10.34 mg podophyllotoxin/g from freeze-dried Juniperus scopulorum needles.

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