Статті в журналах: "Ultrasound-Enzyme-Assisted extraction"

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Singh, Gurpreet, Mohit Kumar, Ruchika Zalpouri, Pratik Pandit Potdar, Kamalpreet Singh, and Kulwinder Kaur. "Effects of different aqueous extraction techniques on physicochemical quality and oil recovery of sesame oil." Environment Conservation Journal 24, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.11892309.

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Sesame is the oldest oilseed crop in agriculture, and it produces more oil than any other crop on the planet. This research aimed to investigate the impact of different oil extraction procedures on sesame seed oil physicochemical quality and oil recovery. The oil was extracted from the clean and healthy seeds using four extraction methods: aqueous, enzyme-assisted aqueous, ultrasound-assisted aqueous and solvent extraction using the Soxhlet apparatus. It was observed that ultrasound-assisted aqueous extracted oil had maximum saponification value and minimum acid value, refractive index, and lower free fatty acid value, compared with aqueous extracted oil and enzyme-assisted aqueous extracted oil. Ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction method also yielded maximum oil, retrieval followed by enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction and aqueous extraction.

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Li, Yang, Lian Zhou Jiang, Chen Wang, and Xiao Nan Sui. "The Comparison of Oil Quality from Different Processes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.598.

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In this study, different oil extraction processes, such as extrusion pretreatment, ultrasound-ethanol assisted demulsification and traditional hexane extraction of oil, were employed to extract oil from soybean in order to compare their different effects on oil quality, fatty acid distribution and VE content of oil. The result shows that the quality of oil from extrusion pretreatment aqueous enzyme extraction (EAEP) of oil and ultrasound-ethanol assisted demulsification aqueous enzyme extraction of oil were same. The raw oil quality from the above two processes was better than the hexane extraction of oil. The fatty acid contents of oil were similar in different oil extraction processes. The VE content of oil from ultrasound-ethanol assisted demulsification process was decreased, while the extrusion pretreatment aqueous enzyme extraction of oil had no influence on VE concentration.

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Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji, Siham Ayouaz, Annisa Noor Rachmawati, Khodir Madani, Dwi Larasatie Nur Fibri, Mohamad Rafi, Elisa Julianti, and Khandra Fahmy. "Advanced and Potential Methods for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Avocado Peel—A Review." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (July 10, 2024): 6018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146018.

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Extraction techniques are continuously developed by the scientific community. Meanwhile, avocado peel is a by-product of avocado processing and a source of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this review was to summarize the use of advanced techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from avocado peel to help understand which techniques have and have not been applied to avocado peel. Three primary databases were used to collect the information, including Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, by using the keywords “avocado”, “peel”, and “extraction”. Additional keywords related to the extraction technique were also used, including “Microwave-Assisted Extraction”, “Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction”, “Enzyme-Assisted Extraction”, “Pressurized Liquid Extraction”, “Supercritical Fluid Extraction”, “Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents”, “Three-phase partitioning (TPP)”, “Pulsed-Electric Field”, “High Voltage Electric Discharge Plasma”, “Centrifugal Partition Extraction”, and “Surfactant-Mediated Extraction”. The results show that microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, TPP, and natural deep eutectic solvent extraction have been used to retrieve bioactive compounds from avocado peel. Other techniques have not yet been applied for the extraction of bioactive compounds from avocado peel. This article is the first review discussing the advanced extraction technique for retrieving bioactive compounds from avocado peel. This article creates a paradigm for future studies.

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Tamang, Bunu, Qi Liang, Biju Balakrishnan, Su Peng, and Wei Zhang. "Astragalus Shiitake—A Novel Functional Food with High Polysaccharide Content and Anti-Proliferative Activity in a Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line." Nutrients 14, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112333.

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The chemical and nutritional constituents of mushrooms can alter significantly when grown on different substrates. Based on this fact, an approach was made to cultivate a new type of mushroom, Hengshan Astragalus Shiitake, by growing Shiitake mushrooms on beds supplemented with the roots of an edible herbal plant, Astragalus membranaceus. In this study, three green extraction techniques, including microwave-enzyme assisted (MEA), ultrasound-enzyme assisted (UEA) and microwave-ultrasound-enzyme assisted (MUEA) extractions, were used to compare both the yield and antiproliferative activity of the polysaccharide-rich extracts (PREs) from HAS in human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT 116). Both HAS-A and HAS-B extracts contain significantly higher amounts of polysaccharides when compared to the control (Shiitake extract), regardless of the extraction methods. The PREs from HAS-B have significantly higher anti-proliferative activity in HCT 116 compared to the control when using the UEA extraction method. Our findings demonstrate that HAS-B can become a novel functional food with anti-proliferative activities and the optimization of UEA extraction would help to develop new active extract-based health products.

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Usman, Muhammad, Mayuko Nakagawa, and Shuo Cheng. "Emerging Trends in Green Extraction Techniques for Bioactive Natural Products." Processes 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2023): 3444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11123444.

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This review explores eco-friendly methods for extracting bioactive natural products from diverse sources. The introductory exploration emphasizes the increasing demand for sustainable extraction methods, with a focus on the environmental impact of conventional approaches. Addressing existing knowledge gaps, this review outlines the key objectives of evaluating various green extraction technologies, including supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and others. The primary findings underscore the remarkable potential and advancements achieved with green solvents, specifically deep eutectic solvents and bio-based solvents. This review elucidates the synergistic effects achieved by combining different extraction techniques, exemplified by ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction and sequential supercritical fluid and pressurized liquid extraction, among others. Notwithstanding the promising results, this review emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and addressing challenges such as standardization, selectivity, scalability, and economic viability.

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Phan Van, Man, Duy Tran Duc, Hai Dam Thi Thanh, and Hai Tran Chi. "Comparison of ultrasound assisted extraction and enzyme assisted extraction of betacyanin from red dragon fruit peel." E3S Web of Conferences 187 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018704004.

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This article was intended to extract betacyanin from the peel of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and used it as a natural colorant. In this study, enzyme and ultrasound techniques for the extraction of betacyanin from dried dragon fruit peel were compared. The ultrasonic power and sonication time levels were varied between 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and W/g; and 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 min. The enzyme concentrations were 0.25, 0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25, and 2.75 %v/w. The results revealed that the maximum betacyanin content obtained by the optimal UAE condition (3.5 W/g and 7.5 min) was 0.3402 mg/g, and 9.47 % higher than that by the EAE method. The first- order kinetic extraction was used to describe the mechanism of extraction of betacyanin from red dragon fruit peels. The initial extraction rate (h) and extraction rate constant (k) of the UAE model were 30.80 and 27.81 % higher than those of the enzyme assisted extraction (EAE) model. The UAE treated only 5.0 min to obtain the highest level of betacyanin (0.323 mg/g), whereas the EAE took up to 20 min to achieve the maximal value (0.309 mg/g). The research clearly shows that the UAE method is a useful method for extracting betacyanin from dried red dragon fruit peel.

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Van Hung, Pham, Nguyen Hai Yen Nhi, Ling Yu Ting, and Nguyen Thi Lan Phi. "Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Extracts from Pomelo Peel By-Products under Enzyme and Ultrasound-Assisted Extractions." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (February 26, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1043251.

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Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were popular methods used to extract bioactive compounds from citrus peels, by-products of fruit processing industry. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), naringin and hesperidin contents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts from pomelo peels using the combined enzyme and ultrasound-assisted extraction (E-UAE) or ultrasound and enzyme-assisted extraction (U-EAE) technique were investigated and compared with those extracted using the EAE and UAE. The optimal EAE conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration of 2%, water-solid ratio of 40 ml/g, incubation temperature of 50°C, and extraction time of 60 min, whereas the optimal UAE conditions were ultrasonic energy of 40 kHz, water-solid ratio of 40 ml/g at room temperature, and extraction time of 60 min. The results indicate that the total phenolics, total flavonoids, naringin, and hesperidin contents of the extracts significantly increased in the following order of the extraction techniques: UAE < EAE < U-EAE < E-UAE (p<0.05). The combined E-UAE technique was the most effective technique for bioactive compound extraction with the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The results also indicate that chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were different depending on the pomelo species.

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Mac, Hoa Xuan, and Triet Duy Anh Ngo. "ENZYME-ASSISTED AND ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF SAPONIN FROM DANGSHEN (Codonopsis pilosula (Franch) Nannf) ROOTS." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 40 (December 30, 2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.40.2020.619.

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This study was carried out to survey the effects of viscozyme L and ultrasound on the efficiency ofsaponin extraction with distilled water from Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula (Franch) Nannf) roots. Ratio of materialto solvent, hydrolysis time, enzyme concentration, ultrasonic power were investigated. Results showed that the extraction efficiency was significantly increased when viscozyme L and ultrasound wereapplied. The highest content of saponin was 7,75 g/g of dry matter at the ratio of raw materials:to solvent of 1 : 15; hydrolysis time of 1,5 h; viscozyme L concentration of 0,15% (ml/g dry matter) and ultrasonic power of 82 W/g in 5 minutes. The results confirmed the effectiveness of enzyme-assisted extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction forobtaining of natural compounds from plants.

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Výbohová, Veronika, and Katarína Hroboňová. "Isolation of Natural Compounds with Organoleptic Properties Using Selected Advanced Extraction Techniques." Chemické listy 117, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20230365.

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This review presents an overview of various advanced solid–liquid extraction techniques used for extraction of compounds with organoleptic properties from natural sources. These compounds are important additives to food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. The most frequently used techniques are ultrasound assisted extraction and microwave assisted one, but there are other efficient techniques, such as pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pulsed electric field and enzyme assisted extraction. These techniques reduce or eliminate the volume of toxic solvents required for extraction, decrease the extraction time and mostly are more energy efficient. Low energy extraction conditions (pulsed electric field and enzyme assisted) can better preserve the compounds sensitive to heat, pH, and light.

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Serea, Daniela, Gabriela Râpeanu, Oana Emilia Constantin, Gabriela Elena Bahrim, Nicoleta Stănciuc, and Constantin Croitoru. "Ultrasound and enzymatic assisted extractions of bioactive compounds found in red grape skins Băbească Neagră (Vitis vinifera) variety." Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati. Fascicle VI - Food Technology 45, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/foodtechnology.2021.1.01.

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The phenolic composition of the skin of the Băbească neagră grapes grown in south-eastern Romania was studied by two extraction techniques, i. e., ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). This study aimed to analyze the grape skin bioactive compounds and the antioxidant potential using ethanol of three different concentrations 50%, 70%, and 96% and acidified with acetic, citric acid, or hydrochloric acid. This research aimed to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds from red grape skin by using commercially available oenological enzyme preparations, varying the enzyme dosage, pH, temperature and extraction time. The results indicated that the highest total anthocyanin content was obtained when using 70 % ethanol extract acidified with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, characterized by 4.29±0.04 mg C3G/g DW for ultrasound extraction and 2.54±0.13 for enzyme-assisted extraction. The results of antioxidant potential of the extracts investigated showed that the 96% ethanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity (18.76±0.24 mM of Trolox/g DW), followed by the 50% ethanol extract and 70% ethanol extract (16.35±0.79 and 16.48±0.54 mM of Trolox/g DW, respectively). The results disclosed that the highest extraction yield for antioxidant activity quantification was obtained by cellulase (61.48±1.19 mMol Trolox / g DW) after only one hour of extraction.

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Martins, Valter F. R., Tânia B. Ribeiro, Ana I. Lopes, Manuela E. Pintado, Rui M. S. C. Morais, and Alcina M. M. B. Morais. "Comparison among Different Green Extraction Methods of Polyphenolic Compounds from Exhausted Olive Oil Pomace and the Bioactivity of the Extracts." Molecules 29, no. 9 (April 24, 2024): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29091935.

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The use of by-products as a source of bioactive compounds with economic added value is one of the objectives of a circular economy. The olive oil industry is a source of olive pomace as a by-product. The olive pomace used in the present study was the exhausted olive pomace, which is the by-product generated from the air drying and subsequent hexane extraction of residual oil from the olive pomace. The objective was to extract bioactive compounds remaining in this by-product. Various types of green extraction were used in the present study: solvent extraction (water and hydroalcoholic); ultrasound-assisted extraction; Ultra-Turrax-assisted extraction; and enzyme-assisted extraction (cellulase; viscoenzyme). The phenolic profile of each extract was determined using HPLC-DAD and the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC) were determined as well. The results showed significant differences in the yield of extraction among the different methods used, with the enzyme-assisted, with or without ultrasound, extraction presenting the highest values. The ultrasound-assisted hydroethanolic extraction (USAHE) was the method that resulted in the highest content of the identified phenolic compounds: 2.021 ± 0.29 mg hydroxytyrosol/100 mg extract, 0.987 ± 0.09 mg tyrosol/100 mg extract, and 0.121 ± 0.005 mg catechol/100 mg extract. The conventional extraction with water at 50 °C produced the best results for TPC and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The extracts from the USAHE were able to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, especially Bacillus cereus, showing 67.2% inhibition at 3% extract concentration.

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Hien, Tran Thi, and Nguyen Thi Minh. "Enhancing the extraction of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo L) for increasing oil yield and its phytosterol content." Food Science and Applied Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30721/fsab2021.v4.i1.104.

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Pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo) were harvested in 2018 containing 41.23±1.23% oil; 33.18±1.61% protein; and 1575.97 ±67.79 mg phytosterol in 100g seeds (dried weight). Solvent (hexane) extraction (SE), Ultrasound assisted solvent (hexane) extraction (UAE), Enzyme Alcalase assisted extraction (EAE) and Enzyme Alcalase_Ultrasound assisted extraction (E_UAE) were studied. The oil’s yields and phytosterol in oil obtained were 90.07±0.17% and 1657.6±82.9 mg/100ml oil; 95.46±0.06% and 2017.5±100.1 mg/100ml oil; 89.65±0.11% and 1992.7±99.5 mg/100ml oil; 91.87± 0.03% and 2327.7 ±110.4 mg/100ml oil, respectively. The highest oil yield of 95.56% was obtained when UAE method was applied, while it was found that the highest phytosterol content of 881.7 mg/100g seeds can be obtained in the case of using E_UAE.

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Vuong Hoai, Thanh, Phuc Nguyen Cao, My Phan Le Thao, Tran Dat Do, Nam Hoang Minh, Huynh Ky Phuong Ha, Phong Mai Thanh, and Hieu Nguyen Huu. "Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Adenosine from Vietnamese Cordyceps militaris and Bioactivity Analysis of the Extract." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (May 26, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1487654.

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Vietnamese Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) has long been recognized as one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. In this study, adenosine was extracted from Vietnamese C. militaris by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction method (UAEE) using water as a solvent. Then, the effects of five single factors on adenosine content including pH, enzyme-to-material ratio, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic temperature were determined. After that, three factors consisting of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic temperature were chosen based on their effects on adenosine content. The simultaneous influence of these factors on the adenosine content was investigated by response surface method using central composite design. The adenosine content was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Under the optimal conditions, the extract was evaluated for antioxidant and anticancer bioactivities. In addition, different extraction methods including aqueous extraction (AE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) methods were carried out to compare with UAEE. As a result, it can be concluded that UAEE is a promising method for adenosine extraction and further studies regarding isolation and purification need to be conducted.

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Huynh, Dat T., Thien H. Nguyen, Ngan K. T. Nguyen, Anh N. T. Dang, Thuy T. Le, Dan T. N. Duong, and Huan T. Phan. "Optimization of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of betalains from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Development 22, no. 06 (December 11, 2023): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.7.06.2023.

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Betalains in red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) offer health benefits and are commonly used as a food colorant. This study aimed to investigate betalains extraction using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE). The most significant factors involved in UAEE such as enzyme concentration, extraction temperature, and extraction time were studied and optimized using the response surface method (RSM) to achieve the highest betalains yield. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration (32.1 U/mL), extraction temperature (40oC), and extraction time (117 min) gave the highest yield of betalains at the level of 550.51 ± 25.76 mg/L. The findings are promising for the industrial scale of extraction betalains for food applications.

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Nguyen Tram Anh, Mai, Pham Van Hung, and Nguyen Thi Lan Phi. "Optimized Conditions for Flavonoid Extraction from Pomelo Peel Byproducts under Enzyme- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (January 15, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6666381.

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Pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merrill) peel, which has been considered as a byproduct, is a potential source of flavonoids. In this study, the extraction conditions of total flavonoids from peels of Da Xanh pomelo were optimized using the response surface methodology with the Box–Behnken design. The combination of two novel extraction methods, including enzyme-assisted and ultrasound-assisted extractions, was used for the optimization. The results indicated that the optimal extraction condition was a liquid-to-solid ratio of 142.99 mL/g, enzyme concentration of 3.45%, and the time of 65.23 min for incubation and of 69.26 min for sonication treatment. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the pomelo peel extracts, under optimal condition of the combined method (16.79 mg GAE/g and 10.69 mg RE/g, respectively), were significantly higher than those of the conventional method (6.58 mg GAE/g and 2.42 mg RE/g, respectively). The naringin and hesperidin contents of extracts under optimal condition increased by 5.70% and 1.20%, respectively, compared to the extracts under the conventional method.

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Thi Kim Loan, Le, Bui The Vịnh, and Ngo Van Tai. "ULTRASOUND-ENZYME ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOL AND AMYLASE ENZYME FROM VIETNAMESE RAMIE LEAVES: PREDICTIVE MODELING DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION STUDY." Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences 13, no. 5 (February 5, 2024): e10700. http://dx.doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.10700.

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Ramie leaves are rich in antioxidant polyphenols and amylase enzyme, which could be a good source for food applications. This study investigated the impact of combined ultrasound-enzyme treatment (U-EAT), including ultrasound intensity (10-30%), content of Viscozyme L. enzyme addition (0.5-1%) and extraction time (5-15 min) on polyphenol recovery, antioxidant activity, and amylase activity. The result revealed that U-EAT could enhance the efficiency of extraction, with a significantly higher yield of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, and amylase enzyme activity compared to an untreated sample. Multiple regression analysis was applied to predict the efficacy of extraction through the values of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and enzyme activity. The established models shown high accuracy in predicting the effect of the extracted conditions on the yield of the extraction of antioxidant and enzyme amylase. It was found that the maximum yield of extraction could be obtained when the operation conditions were ultrasound intensity of 26.5%, enzyme concentration of 0.87% and extraction time of 10.88 min. Under these optimal conditions, the highest values were found (TPC of 99.047 mgGAE/100 g, antioxidant activity of 65.02% and amylase activity of 45.36 U/mL). In summary, the findings indicate that the utilization of ultrasound combined with the enzymatic extraction process of polyphenol and amylase enzyme from ramie leaves holds potential for enhancing both the extraction yield and bioactivity of the extract. Further study should be concerned with the process of producing food ingredients or products from this extract.

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Wang, Wenqian, Jinbi Li, Fuping Lu, and Fufeng Liu. "Ultrasound-Assisted Multi-Enzyme Extraction for Highly Efficient Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca." Foods 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2024): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13060891.

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Ulva polysaccharides present several physiological activities including antiviral, antitumor and anti-plasmodial effects. However, current processing usually results in low yields and high prices, thus lacking commercialization potential. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method for the extraction of Ulva polysaccharides with high biological activity. The effect of cell wall-degrading enzymes including cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protease on Ulva polysaccharide extraction was studied by statistical mixing design. Using the most effective enzyme preparations as the basic components, the optimal proportions of the enzyme mixture were determined as follows: cellulase 35.3%, pectinase 34.5%, alkaline protease 30.2%, which increased the polysaccharide yield from 6.43% in the absence of enzymes to 26.68%. Subsequently, through response surface analysis, the optimal conditions were determined: enzyme concentration of 1.5%, enzymatic time of 1.1 h, ultrasonic time of 90 min and enzymatic temperature of 60 °C. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the extraction yield of Ulva polysaccharides could be increased to 30.14%. Moreover, extracted polysaccharides exhibit strong antioxidant properties in DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and H2O2-induced cellular damage models. This study laid a solid foundation for the use and development of Ulva polysaccharides.

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Šalić, Anita, Lina Šepić, Iva Turkalj, Bruno Zelić, and Dunja Šamec. "Comparative Analysis of Enzyme-, Ultrasound-, Mechanical-, and Chemical-Assisted Extraction of Biflavonoids from Ginkgo Leaves." Processes 12, no. 5 (May 12, 2024): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12050982.

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The biflavonoid extraction from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves using solvent-based extraction with 70% ethanol, alone and in combination with enzyme-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, mechanical-assisted, and chemically assisted methods was investigated and the influence of extraction duration was explored. The total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically, while individual biflavonoids were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD. Amentoflavone, bilobetin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, and sciadopitysin were identified in all our extracts. Among these, sciadopitysin emerged as the most prevalent biflavonoid with an amount above 1 mg g−1 dw, followed by isoginkgetin. Comparative analysis of the extraction methods revealed that, except for chemically assisted extraction, similar levels of compounds were obtained after 45 min of extraction. However, enzymatic (EAE) and mechanical-assisted extraction (MAE) exhibited significantly higher individual (EAE: 19–41% higher; MAE: 22–67% higher) and total biflavonoid (EAE: 29% higher; MAE 50% higher) levels after just 5 min, suggesting their potential to abbreviate extraction duration and facilitate the efficient retrieval of target compounds. However, as extraction efficiency varies between individual biflavonoids, our findings also underscore the importance of considering specific compounds and extraction kinetics in the optimization of ginkgo leaf extraction processes.

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Quitério, Eva, Clara Grosso, Ricardo Ferraz, Cristina Delerue-Matos, and Cristina Soares. "A Critical Comparison of the Advanced Extraction Techniques Applied to Obtain Health-Promoting Compounds from Seaweeds." Marine Drugs 20, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20110677.

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Marine macroalgae are rich in bioactive compounds that can be applied in several fields, mainly food, cosmetics, and medicine. The health-promoting effects of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, carotenoids, proteins, and fatty acids, have been increasingly explored, especially regarding their antioxidant activity and improvement in human health. To extract these valuable compounds, advanced technologies that include Supercritical-Fluid Extraction (SFE), Pressurised-Liquid Extraction (PLE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted Extraction (UMAE) and Liquefied Gas Extraction (LGE) have been assessed due to their notable advantages over the conventional methods (Solid–Liquid and Soxhlet extraction). These advanced techniques are considerably influenced by different extraction parameters such as temperature, pressure, type of solvent, extraction time, solvent:solid material ratio, power (MAE, UAE, and UMAE), enzymes used (EAE), and factors related to the macroalgae matrix itself. Optimizing these process parameters for each method is critical to obtain better efficiency results for the targeted bioactive compounds. Macroalgae are natural sources with undeniable beneficial effects on human health. In this context, optimising the extraction techniques discussed in this review should prioritise exploiting these valuable resources' wide range of bioactive properties.

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Miljanović, Anđela, Ana Bielen, Dorotea Grbin, Zvonimir Marijanović, Martina Andlar, Tonči Rezić, Sunčica Roca, Igor Jerković, Dražen Vikić-Topić, and Maja Dent. "Effect of Enzymatic, Ultrasound, and Reflux Extraction Pretreatments on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 4818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204818.

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The effect of different hydrodistillation pretreatments, namely, reflux extraction, reflux extraction with the addition of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and ultrasound, on the yield and chemical composition of essential oils of sage, bay laurel, and rosemary was examined. All pretreatments improved essential oil yield compared to no-pretreatment control (40–64% yield increase), while the oil quality remained mostly unchanged (as shown by statistical analysis of GC-MS results). However, enzyme-assisted reflux extraction pretreatment did not significantly outperform reflux extraction (no-enzyme control), suggesting that the observed yield increase was mostly a consequence of reflux extraction and enzymatic activity had only a minute effect. Thus, we show that ultrasound and reflux extraction pretreatments are beneficial in the production of essential oils of selected Mediterranean plants, but the application of enzymes has to be carefully re-evaluated.

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Zhou, Liling, Jiaqian Luo, Qiutao Xie, Lvhong Huang, Dan Shen, and Gaoyang Li. "Dietary Fiber from Navel Orange Peel Prepared by Enzymatic and Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents: Physicochemical and Prebiotic Properties." Foods 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12102007.

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Dietary fiber (DF) was extracted from navel orange peel residue by enzyme (E-DF) and ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (US-DES-DF), and its physicochemical and prebiotic properties were characterized. Based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, all DF samples exhibited typical polysaccharide absorption spectra, indicating that DES could separate lignin while leaving the chemical structure of DF unchanged, yielding significantly higher extraction yields (76.69 ± 1.68%) compared to enzymatic methods (67.27 ± 0.13%). Moreover, ultrasound-assisted DES extraction improved the properties of navel orange DFs by significantly increasing the contents of soluble dietary fiber and total dietary fiber (3.29 ± 1.33% and 10.13 ± 0.78%, respectively), as well as a notable improvement in the values of water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and water swelling capacity. US-DES-DF outperformed commercial citrus fiber in stimulating the proliferation of probiotic Bifidobacteria strains in vitro. Overall, ultrasound-assisted DES extraction exhibited potential as an industrial extraction method, and US-DES-DF could serve as a valuable functional food ingredient. These results provide a new perspective on the prebiotic properties of dietary fibers and the preparation process of prebiotics.

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Tanaka, Marcia Regina Rodrigues, Leonardo de Souza Mataruco, Elionio Galvão Frota, Bruno Emanuel Souza Coelho, Marcos dos Santos Lima, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, and Carlos Eduardo Barão. "Lychee peel extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction: bioactive compounds and functional properties." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 46, no. 1 (April 17, 2024): e66447. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v46i1.66447.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of extracting solvent composition on the concentration of bioactive compounds and functional properties of lychee peel extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Five conditions were evaluated with different solvent proportions: 100% water, 25% ethanol and 75% water, 50% ethanol and 50% water, 75% ethanol and 25% water, and 100% ethanol. The use of an equitable mixture of water and ethanol (50% ethanol and 50% water) resulted in extracts with a higher content of total phenolic compounds (10964.3 mg EAG 100 g-1), antioxidant activity (27.40%), and inhibition of α-glucosidase (94.31%), α-amylase (33.49%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, 51.82%). This extract showed a diversity of phenolic compounds (quercetin 3-glucoside, procyanidin A2, B1, and B2, epicatechin, catechin, kaempferol 3-glucoside, trans-resveratrol, myricetin, and gallic acid). Therefore, extracts of lychee peel with potential anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive activity can be obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. 50% water and 50% ethanol may be suggested as the extracting solvent.

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Angelina, Mauhibah Yumna, Abdullah, Rita Arbianti, Tania Surya Utami, and Heri Hermansyah. "The usage of enzyme in ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction method and its effect on yield extract from Keji Beling (Strobilanthes crispus.) leaves." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703002.

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Green extraction process is a method which is used to obtain various plant extracts with minimum impact on the environment. Green extraction will reduce energy consumption, allow use of alternative solvents and renewable natural products, and ensure a safe and high quality extract. Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) is one of green extraction method. UAEE is a mild, efficient and environmental friendly extraction method and it has been adopted for extracting various kinds of compounds. The use of enzyme will catalyze hydrolysis of the cytoderm and glycoproteins, therefore enhancing the release of bioactive substances by disrupting plant cells. The optimum extraction conditions with a maximum yield extract of 48.63% are as follows: the concentration of ethanol is 50% and the amount of added enzyme is 70 mg/g. Crude extract from keji beling leaves is tested using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify components that have anti-hypercholesterolemic activity, which are hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and demethyl squalene.

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Malvis Romero, Ana, José Julián Picado Morales, Leon Klose, and Andreas Liese. "Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Ulvan from the Green Macroalgae Ulva fenestrata." Molecules 28, no. 19 (September 23, 2023): 6781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196781.

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Ulvan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from green macroalgae with unique structural and compositional properties. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and film-forming properties, as well as high stability, ulvan has shown promising potential as an ingredient of biopolymer films such as sustainable and readily biodegradable biomaterials that could replace petroleum-based plastics in diverse applications such as packaging. This work investigates the potential of Ulva fenestrata as a source of ulvan. Enzyme-assisted extraction with commercial cellulases (Viscozyme L and Cellulysin) and proteases (Neutrase 0.8L and Flavourzyme) was used for cell wall disruption, and the effect of the extraction time (3, 6, 17, and 20 h) on the ulvan yield and its main characteristics (molecular weight, functional groups, purity, and antioxidant capacity) were investigated. Furthermore, a combined process based on enzymatic and ultrasound extraction was performed. Results showed that higher extraction times led to higher ulvan yields, reaching a maximum of 14.1% dw with Cellulysin after 20 h. The combination of enzymatic and ultrasound-assisted extraction resulted in the highest ulvan extraction (17.9% dw). The relatively high protein content in U. fenestrata (19.8% dw) makes the residual biomass, after ulvan extraction, a potential protein source in food and feed applications.

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Peña-Portillo, Glenda-Caridad, Sergio-Miguel Acuña-Nelson, and José-Miguel Bastías-Montes. "From Waste to Wealth: Exploring the Bioactive Potential of Wine By-Products—A Review." Antioxidants 13, no. 8 (August 15, 2024): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080992.

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The present paper explores the biological potential of bioactive compounds present in wine industry wastes, highlighting their valorization to promote sustainability and circular economy. Wine by-products, such as grape pomace and vine shoots, contain a high concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and other phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. Both conventional extraction methods, such as solid–liquid extraction, and emerging technologies, including enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, high-hydrostatic-pressure extraction, and deep natural solvent-assisted extraction (NaDES), are discussed. In addition, the preservation of polyphenolic extracts by microencapsulation, a key technique to improve the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, is addressed. The combination of advanced extraction methods and innovative preservation techniques offers a promising perspective for the valorization of bioactive compounds from wine residues, driving sustainability and innovation in the industry.

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Tran, Chi Hai, Minh Tri Nghiem, Anh Minh Trinh Dinh, Thi Thuy Nga Dang, Thi Thuy Van Do, Thi Nga Chu, Tien Hung Mai, and Van Man Phan. "Optimization Conditions of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity from Rubus alceifolius Poir Leaves." International Journal of Food Science 2023 (October 10, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7576179.

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Rubus alceifolius Poir (R.A. Poir) leaves are rich in phenolic compounds, offering many health benefits due to their incredible antioxidant potential. In this study, conditions for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from R.A. Poir leaves were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). This methodology assessed the effects of ultrasound power ( X 1 : 100-500 W), extraction temperature ( X 2 : 30-60°C), and extraction time ( X 3 : 5-55 min). The optimized UAE conditions were then compared with conventional extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction: SE and maceration extraction: ME) for extracting total phenolics. A phenolic profile using GC-MS and antioxidant activity (ABTS) was also compared. According to the RSM, the best conditions for UAE to extract the highest total polyphenol content and ABTS radical scavenging activity were 320 W ultrasound power, 40°C extraction temperature, and 35.5 min sonication duration. Under these optimal conditions, the TPC and antioxidant activity reached 16.68 mg GAE/g dm and 21.9 mg TE/g, respectively, closely aligning with the predicted values. The UAE extraction technique proved to be more efficient in extracting phenolics and antioxidant capacity (ABTS (2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) radical scavenging activity, and enzyme inhibition) compared to the conventional extraction methods (SE and ME). A GC-MS analysis identified 12 components, including 5 phenolics and 3 flavonoids, which likely contribute to the antioxidant activity. Consequently, the UAE method improved extraction efficiency within a shorter time frame, suggesting that UAE is a promising, efficient, and ecofriendly technology for extracting bioactive compounds from R.A. Poir leaves.

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Maskur, Muhammad, Mohammad Sayuti, I. Ketut Sumandiarsa, and Rahmatang . "Environmental-Friendly Extraction Methods to produce Bioactive Compounds in Seaweed." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 11 (October 15, 2023): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2711rjce1140121.

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Seaweed is biological resource rich in bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, pigments, fatty acids, polyamines, terpenoids and alkaloids that can be used in various food and non-food industries. The extraction method dramatically influences these bioactive compounds' amount and quality. In addition, environmental-friendly extraction methods are highly recommended, so this review provides an overview of the use of environmental-friendly, safe, affordable, effective and efficient extraction methods to produce maximum and sustainable bioactive compounds in seaweed. The environmental-friendly extraction methods include pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The important thing that must be considered in determining the environmental-friendly extraction method used, is the bioactive target to be extracted from seaweed so that the bioactive compound obtained is maximal, effective and efficient.

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Xiong, Feng, Hui-Xian Liang, Zhi-Jing Zhang, Taifo Mahmud, Albert S. C. Chan, Xia Li, and Wen-Jian Lan. "Characterization, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Oligosaccharides Isolated from Evodia lepta (Spreng) Merr. by Different Extraction Methods." Antioxidants 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111842.

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Evodia lepta (E. lepta) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. One of the active components of this widely used medicinal plant is believed to be an oligosaccharide. The extraction yields, structural characteristics, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of four oligosaccharide extracts obtained by hot water extraction (HEO), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEO), enzyme-assisted (EEO), and microwave-assisted extraction (MEO) were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the extraction methods had a difference on the molecular mass distribution, structure, and morphology of the EOs. In addition, HEO and MEO showed strong antioxidant activities, which might be related to their uronic acid and protein contents. More interestingly, MEO was more active toward MDA-MB-231 cells compared to other cells, and cell growth inhibition was proposed to occur through apoptosis. Overall, microwave-assisted extraction is a promising technique for the extraction of high quality EO.

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Jia, Chaoshuang, Fengmin Han, Xiaoyu Miao, Qiyue Zhang, Aonan Yan, and Peng Wu. "Study on optimization of extraction process of anthocyanin from cherry wine lees." Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Engineering 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jnhfe.2019.09.00321.

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This paper took cherry wine lees as the main raw material, and used three extraction methods (ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method, microwave extraction method, condensation reflux extraction method) to extract anthocyanin. The result showed that the extraction number of anthocyanins by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic method was the highest. On the basis of single factor experiment, the response surface method was used for optimization. The impacts of experimental factors on extraction amount were successively the enzymolysis time, enzymolysis temperature, pH value, ultrasonic power, amount of enzyme added and solid-liquid ratio. Through polynomial regression analysis, the regression model of anthocyanin extraction rate was established, and according to the actual production condition, the following optimal process parameters were determined: enzyme addition: 1.5%; solid-liquid ratio: 1:32; pH value: 4.30; enzymolysis temperature: 54 °C; enzymolysis time: 55 min, and the ultrasonic power: 300 W. Under this condition, the extraction amount of anthocyanin from Cherry Wine lees was 4.19 mg/g.

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Arbianti, R., H. Ningsih, T. S. Utami, Y. Muharam, and Slamet. "The effect of ultrasonic extraction methods on extract quality from Strobilanthes crispus L." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 963, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012047.

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Abstract Strobilanthes crispus L. leaves are known to have many health benefits that have been proven both traditionally and in scientific research. To achieve more benefits from the leaves of Strobilanthes crispus L., the ultrasonic extraction (53 kHz) method was carried out using various ways. The variations of the ultrasonic method being carried out are UAE (Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction), UAEE (Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction), UAE-ATPE (Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction) sequence and simultaneously. Extraction was carried out at 27 °C for 1hour, enzymatic hydrolysis reaction for 2 hours with a cellulose concentration of 7% w/w dry leaves, and the ATP (Aqueous Two-Phase) system of ethanol-ammonium sulfate of 33-14% w/w. The extract parameters measured were the yield, TPC (Total Phenolic Content), and TFC (Total Flavonoid Content) values. The highest yield was obtained by the Hydrolysis/UAE-ATPE method simultaneously, namely 80.94% w/w dry biomass. The highest TPC and TFC values were obtained from the extraction using the Hydrolysis/UAE-ATPS method simultaneously, i.e. 5.517 and 3.332 mg/g dry biomass respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the simultaneous use of hydrolysis enzymatic with the cellulase enzyme and the ATP system in the ultrasonic extraction method can increase the quantity and quality of Strobilanthes crispus L. leaves extract.

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Fakhru-Nisa, Tehreem Tahir, Muhammad Ashfaq, Mirza Imran Shahzad, and Syeda Taiba Bukhari. "Recent Approaches in the Extraction of Citrus Metabolites." Current Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211550108666191210101516.

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The review summarizes the recent (2016-2019) practical applications of novel extraction methods for Citrus metabolite extraction, such as microwave-assisted (MAE), ultrasound-assisted (UAE), super-critical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) with the aim to compare efficiencies based on the criteria of enhanced (%) yield, cost-effectiveness, reproducibility, eco-friendliness, time/energy consumed and industrial scale application. It was found that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) is the most successful and scaled-up technique when compared to MAE, UAE, Soxhlet and EAE, following the trend: SC-CO2 > EAE > UAE > MAE. However, other novel approaches, including pulse-electric field (PEF), sub-critical water extraction (SWE), solarenergy assisted extraction (SE) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), that have not been well explored for Citrus bioactives extraction, have the potential to be coupled with conventional as well as contemporary methods leading to an innovative hypothetical scaled-up design.

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Kamal, AAA, M. Mohamad, KA Sulaiman, NA Mohidem, NF Shoparwe, PT Teo, MN Masri, and AH Yusoff. "Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Tannic Acid from Chromolaena Odorota sp." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012081.

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Abstract Previous study only implemented the time consuming and low amount of yield technique for extraction from Chromolaena odorata which is conventional method. Nonconventional extraction method with short extraction time and high amount of yield was applied in this study by applying ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE). UAEE was used to extract tannic acid from Chromolaena odorata. The extraction parameters involved were enzyme concentration, sonication time and duty cycle at constant temperature of 50°C, solid to liquid ratio of 1:10 and sonication power at 60% amplitude. The optimum extraction process was found at cellulase enzyme concentration of 4%, sonication time of 60 minutes and duty cycle of 50% with the obtained concentration of tannic acid at 1.6152 mg/mL. The study showed that the UAEE could be employed to enhance yield of tannic acid, reduce the extraction time and ensuring green extraction method were applied in the study.

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Iftitah, Elvina Dhiaul, Warsito Warsito, Vivi Nurhadianty, Fitri Ariadna Sodi Miranda, and Rafika Nur Hafidah. "Extraction of <i>trans</i>-Anethole from Star Anise (<i>Illicium verum</i>) Using Combination of Microwave, Ultrasonic, and Enzyme Assisted Methods and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.79341.

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This study examines the efficiency of non-conventional extraction methods to obtain trans-anethole from Illicium verum using single and combination extraction techniques: microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and enzyme assisted extraction (EAE) employing lipase from Aspergillus oryzae. All extraction methods were conducted using 96% ethanol (1:5 w/v) with varying time durations. The resulting product was an oleoresin, subsequently analyzed and separated using thin liquid chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography employing a solvent mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate in a 9:1 ratio and identified via gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). The results revealed that trans-anethole yields from a single extraction method were 30.76% (MAE), 41.05% (UAE), and 40.90% (EAE). The combination of extraction methods, such as MAE-UAE, MAE-EAE, and UAE-EAE, produced trans-anethole yields of approximately 42.73%, 52.80%, and 45.02% respectively, surpassing the yields of the single extraction method. Notably, the triple extraction method of MAE-UAE-EAE yielded the highest trans-anethole content at 56.00%. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus was performed on all samples. The trans-anethole demonstrating the highest inhibitory effect was obtained from the double extraction method, particularly the combination of UAE-EAE. These results underscore the synergistic efficiency of combining microwave, ultrasound, and enzymatic extraction methods, highlighting their superior efficacy in obtaining trans-anethole.

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Harun, Nur Fadilah, and Farah Hanim Ab Hamid. "An overview of the extraction methods of plant-based natural antioxidant compounds." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v4i2.13055.

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Natural antioxidants are widely used in food additives, application in functional foods or also known as ingredients that offer health benefits that extend beyond their nutritional value, and pharmaceutical. These natural antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamins, and polyphenol can be obtained from fruit, vegetables, and traditional herbal medicines. However, there have several issues regarding the conventional extraction method to extract natural antioxidants compounds from food and medicinal plants such as require a large volume of solvent and long extraction time. Therefore, new green extraction methods such as microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, pulsed electric field, enzyme-assisted, supercritical fluid, and pressurised liquid, technologies were studied to overcome these constraints. Thus, different types of extraction and their mechanism in natural antioxidant compounds extraction was further discussed in this study. Besides, the main classes, source of natural antioxidants and their health benefits also were presented in this paper.

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Balasubramaniam, V. Geetha, P. Ayyappan, S. Sathvika, and Usha Antony. "Effect of enzyme pretreatment in the ultrasound assisted extraction of finger millet polyphenols." Journal of Food Science and Technology 56, no. 3 (March 2019): 1583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03672-2.

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Rahim, Muhammad Abdul, Hudda Ayub, Aqeela Sehrish, Saadia Ambreen, Faima Atta Khan, Nizwa Itrat, Anum Nazir, et al. "Essential Components from Plant Source Oils: A Review on Extraction, Detection, Identification, and Quantification." Molecules 28, no. 19 (September 29, 2023): 6881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196881.

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Oils derived from plant sources, mainly fixed oils from seeds and essential oil from other parts of the plant, are gaining interest as they are the rich source of beneficial compounds that possess potential applications in different industries due to their preventive and therapeutic actions. The essential oils are used in food, medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture industries as they possess antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Plant based oils contain polyphenols, phytochemicals, and bioactive compounds which show high antioxidant activity. The extractions of these oils are a crucial step in terms of the yield and quality attributes of plant oils. This review paper outlines the different modern extraction techniques used for the extraction of different seed oils, including microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), cold-pressed extraction (CPE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEF). For the identification and quantification of essential and bioactive compounds present in seed oils, different modern techniques—such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR), atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS), and electron microscopy (EM)—are highlighted in this review along with the beneficial effects of these essential components in different in vivo and in vitro studies and in different applications. The primary goal of this research article is to pique the attention of researchers towards the different sources, potential uses and applications of oils in different industries.

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Pascariu, Oana-Elena, Luís Guimarães Dias, and Florentina Israel-Roming. "Optimization of Extraction Method of Bioactive Compounds from Elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) and Testing Extract Stability." Horticulturae 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2024): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070743.

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Phenolic compounds from elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) have attracted attention due to their potential health benefits. This paper examines different extraction methods used to obtain phenolic compounds from these fruits and the stability of the extracts. Several extraction techniques (extraction with continuous agitation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, maceration, and enzyme-assisted extraction) were tested and compared to evaluate the yield and the quality of the extracts. The stability of the extracts with various storage parameters (time and temperature) and processing conditions (concentration and lyophilization) was also investigated. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) provided the highest yield of total phenolic compounds (74.89 mg GAE/g), of which 71.23% were represented by total anthocyanins and 62.50% by monomeric anthocyanins, with total flavonoids of 8.11–9.41 mg RUE/g. The analysis of individual phenolic compounds reconfirms the efficiency of UAE, obtaining 0.42–0.09 mg/g gallic acid, 0.59–0.01 mg/g chlorogenic acid, 0.17–0.03 mg/g 4-coumaric acid, and 2.43–0.01 mg/g rutin. The optimization of the extraction conditions led to the conclusion that the best solvent is 45% ethanol (v/v), and the optimal parameters are 40 °C for 40 min. It was also found that the stability of the extracts can be high during long periods of time (even after 180 days). These findings contribute to the understanding of the optimization of extraction processes and storage conditions to obtain extracts rich in phenolic compounds from elderberries, with potential uses in pharmaceutical and food applications.

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Davidson, Morag, François Louvet, Emmanuelle Meudec, Cornelia Landolt, Karine Grenier, Sandrine Périno, Tan-Sothéa Ouk, and Naïma Saad. "Optimized Single-Step Recovery of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Raspberry, Strawberry and Blackberry Pomaces Using a Simultaneous Ultrasound-Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (UEAE)." Antioxidants 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2023): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101793.

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Анотація:

An ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE) was optimized to extract, simultaneously, the hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds from three berry pomaces (raspberry, strawberry and blackberry). First, an enzyme screening designated a thermostable alkaline protease as the most suitable enzyme to recover, in an aqueous medium, the highest yields of polyphenols and oil in the most efficient way. Secondly, the selected enzyme was coupled to ultrasounds (US) in sequential and simultaneous combinations. The simultaneous US–alkaline enzyme combination was selected as a one-single-step process and was then optimized by definitive screening design (DSD). The optimized parameters were: US amplitude, 20% (raspberry pomace) or 70% (strawberry and blackberry pomaces); pH, 8; E/S ratio, 1% (w/w); S/L ratio, 6% (w/v); extraction time, 30 min; temperature, 60 °C. Compared to conventional extractions using organic solvents, the UEAE extracted all the polyphenols, with around 75% of the active polyphenols (measured by the DPPH● method) and up to 75% of the initial oil from the berry pomaces. Characterized lipophilic compounds were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), tocols and phytosterols. The polyphenolics were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS; characteristic ellagitannins of the Rosaceae family (sanguiin H-6 or agrimoniin, sanguiin H-10, …) and ellagic acid conjugates were found as the major components.

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Nicolescu, Alexandru, Mihai Babotă, Leilei Zhang, Claudiu I. Bunea, Laura Gavrilaș, Dan C. Vodnar, Andrei Mocan, Gianina Crișan, and Gabriele Rocchetti. "Optimized Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Rosa canina L. Pseudo-Fruits (Rosehip) and Their Biological Activity." Antioxidants 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061123.

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Two techniques, namely, optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), were used to promote the extraction of phenolic compounds from the pseudo-fruits of Rosa canina L. (RC). For UAE, an optimization process based on the design of experiment (DoE) principles was used for determining the dependence between three variables (i.e., time of extraction, ultrasound amplitude, and the material-to-water ratio) and the total phenolic content of the samples. For EAE, a 2:1:1 pectinase, cellulase, and hemicellulase enzymatic blend was used as pre-treatment for optimized UAE, inducing a higher total phenolic content. The untargeted phenolic profiling approach revealed a great abundance of lower molecular weight phenolics (1.64 mg Eq./g) in UAE-RC extracts, whilst gallic acid (belonging to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives) was the most abundant individual compound of both extracts. The unsupervised multivariate statistics clearly discriminated the impact of enzymatic pre-treatment on the phenolic profile of RC pseudo-fruits. Finally, Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed that anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and tyrosol derivatives were those compounds mostly correlated to the in vitro antioxidant potential of the extracts, whilst negative and significant (p < 0.05) correlation coefficients were recorded when considering the enzymatic inhibition activities. The highest enzyme-inhibitory activity has been identified against α-glucosidase, which indicates an antidiabetic effect.

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Resende, Laís M., and Adriana S. Franca. "Jabuticaba (Plinia sp.) Peel as a Source of Pectin: Characterization and Effect of Different Extraction Methods." Foods 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010117.

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The peel of jabuticaba, a small fruit native to Brazil, has been shown to be a potential source of antioxidants and soluble dietary fibers. In this study, flours prepared from these peels were evaluated as a source of pectin. Different extraction methods were employed: ultrasound (US) extraction followed by low temperature heating (40 °C); in a microwave (MW) without (method 1) or with cellulase (method 2) or hemicellulase (method 3); or in a water bath (method 4). Pectin yields ranged from approximately 18% for methods 1 and 4 up to 22% for enzyme-assisted extractions (methods 2 and 3). Methods that did not employ enzymes resulted in low amounts of methoxyl pectins, as opposed to high amounts of methoxyl pectins obtained after enzyme treatment. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and ellagic acid were the main phenolic compounds found in jabuticaba peel pectins, with higher C3G levels obtained with enzyme-free extraction (methods 1 and 4). All pectins from jabuticaba peel presented a reddish tone, good emulsifying properties and high swelling capacity. The pectin extracted using US+MW+cellulase (method 2) presented better emulsifying performance (higher values of emulsifying activity and emulsion stability), more effective than commercially available citrus pectin.

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Le Guillard, Cécile, Jean-Pascal Bergé, Claire Donnay-Moreno, Josiane Cornet, Jean-Yves Ragon, Joël Fleurence, and Justine Dumay. "Optimization of R-Phycoerythrin Extraction by Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Comprehensive Study on the Wet Seaweed Grateloupia turuturu." Marine Drugs 21, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21040213.

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Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) are both recognized as sustainable processes, but little has been done on the combined process known as ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (UAEH), and even less on seaweed. The present study aimed to optimize the UAEH of the red seaweed Grateloupia turuturu for the extraction of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) directly from the wet biomass by applying a response surface methodology based on a central composite design. Three parameters were studied: the power of ultrasound, the temperature and the flow rate in the experimental system. Data analysis demonstrated that only the temperature had a significant and negative effect on the R-PE extraction yield. Under the optimized conditions, the R-PE kinetic yield reached a plateau between 90 and 210 min, with a yield of 4.28 ± 0.09 mg·g−1 dry weight (dw) at 180 min, corresponding to a yield 2.3 times higher than with the conventional phosphate buffer extraction on freeze-dried G. turuturu. Furthermore, the increased release of R-PE, carbohydrates, carbon and nitrogen can be associated with the degradation of G. turuturu constitutive polysaccharides, as their average molecular weights had been divided by 2.2 in 210 min. Our results thus demonstrated that an optimized UAEH is an efficient method to extract R-PE from wet G. turuturu without the need for expensive pre-treatment steps found in the conventional extraction. UAEH represents a promising and sustainable approach that should be investigated on biomasses where the recovery of added-value compounds needs to be improved.

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Lu, Xiao-rui, Dan Wu, Yong Wang, Dong Li, and Li-jun Wang. "Evaluation of yield and quality properties of Elaeagnus mollis oil produced by ultrasound-assisted solvent enzymatic extraction." International Journal of Food Engineering 17, no. 12 (November 17, 2021): 999–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2021-0288.

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Abstract To improve the extraction efficiency and quality, ultrasound-assisted solvent enzymatic extraction (UASEE) method was applied to extract oil from Elaeagnus mollis Diels. The soxhlet extraction (SE) and cold pressing (CP) were carried out to be compared with UASEE. The optimal UASEE conditions were liquid–solid ratio of 11.6 mL/g, enzyme amount of 1.1%, and ultrasound power of 583 W, which gave by Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken design. Under optimum conditions, the oil yield of 43.35 ± 0.26% was reached, which was similar to that of SE (43.02 ± 0.77%). The oil obtained by UASEE is more desirable than that of SE, but similar with CP, especially on unsaturated fatty acids content and total tocopherol content. Overall, UASEE is a potential alternative to traditional methods for the efficient extraction of E. mollis oil for its higher oil yield and better quality.

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Maqbool, Zahra, Muhammad Sajid Arshad, Anwar Ali, Afifa Aziz, Waseem Khalid, Muhammad Faizan Afzal, Sneh Punia Bangar, Mohamed Addi, Christophe Hano, and Jose Manuel Lorenzo. "Potential Role of Phytochemical Extract from Saffron in Development of Functional Foods and Protection of Brain-Related Disorders." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6480590.

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The present review is designed to measure the effects of saffron extract in functional foods and its pharmacological properties against various disorders. Saffron is a traditional medicinal plant used as a food additive. The stigma of saffron has bioactive compounds such as safranal, crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, kaempferol, and flavonoid. These bioactive compounds can be extracted using conventional (maceration, solvent extraction, soxhlet extraction, and vapor or hydrodistillation) and novel techniques (emulsion liquid membrane extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-associated extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction). Saffron is used as a functional ingredient, natural colorant, shelf-life enhancer, and fortifying agent in developing different food products. The demand for saffron has been increasing in the pharma industry due to its protection against cardiovascular and Alzheimer disease and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antidepressant properties. Conclusively, the phytochemical compounds of saffron improve the nutrition value of products and protect humans against various disorders.

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Rohit Saxena. "EXPLORING APPROACHES FOR INVESTIGATING PHYTOCHEMISTRY: METHODS AND TECHNIQUES." MEDALION JOURNAL: Medical Research, Nursing, Health and Midwife Participation 4, no. 2 (July 8, 2023): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59733/medalion.v4i2.76.

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The extraction, isolation, and analysis of bioactive compounds from plants are fundamental in the study of medicinal plants. This review explores various techniques and methods used for the extraction, isolation, and analysis of bioactive compounds from plant materials. Traditional methods such as maceration, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction are commonly used, but novel techniques have emerged to enhance efficiency and selectivity. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and enzyme-assisted extraction are modern approaches that offer improved yields and efficiency. After extraction, bioactive compounds need to be characterized and analyzed. Chromatographic techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC), are commonly employed for separation and quantification. Spectroscopic techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS), provide valuable structural information. The continuous development of extraction and analytical techniques contributes to the discovery and utilization of bioactive compounds from plants in various applications. Future research can explore metabolomics, high-throughput screening, chemoinformatics, network pharmacology, multivariate data analysis, and computational modeling to enhance phytochemical investigations. The proposed methods and techniques complement traditional approaches, expanding our understanding of plant chemistry and its potential applications.

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José Aliaño González, María, Ceferino Carrera, Gerardo F. Barbero, and Miguel Palma. "A comparison study between ultrasound–assisted and enzyme–assisted extraction of anthocyanins from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.)." Food Chemistry: X 13 (March 2022): 100192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100192.

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Rossi, Nicola, Clara Grosso, and Cristina Delerue-Matos. "Shrimp Waste Upcycling: Unveiling the Potential of Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids with Emphasis on Extraction Techniques and Bioactive Properties." Marine Drugs 22, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md22040153.

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Shrimp processing generates substantial waste, which is rich in valuable components such as polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the valorization of shrimp waste, mainly shrimp shells, focusing on extraction methods, bioactivities, and potential applications of these bioactive compounds. Various extraction techniques, including chemical extraction, microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pressurized techniques are discussed, highlighting their efficacy in isolating polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids from shrimp waste. Additionally, the bioactivities associated with these compounds, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, among others, are elucidated, underscoring their potential in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Furthermore, the review explores current and potential utilization avenues for these bioactive compounds, emphasizing the importance of sustainable resource management and circular economy principles in maximizing the value of shrimp waste. Overall, this review paper aims to provide insights into the multifaceted aspects of shrimp waste valorization, offering valuable information for researchers, industries, and policymakers interested in sustainable resource utilization and waste-management strategies.

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Chen, Fujia, Dahong Li, Hongqi Shen, Chunhong Wang, Enzhong Li, Huihui Xing, Li Guo, et al. "Polysaccharides fromTrichosanthes Fructusvia Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6160785.

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An efficient procedure for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of crude polysaccharides fromTrichosanthes Fructus(crude TFP) using response surface methodology (RSM) was developed. The Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the effects of pH (X1), enzyme amount (X2), extraction temperature (X3), and liquid-to-solid ratio (X4) on the extraction. The statistical analysis indicated that the independent variables (X4,X2, andX3), the quadratic coefficients (X12,X22,X32, andX42), and the interaction coefficient (X1X3) had significant impact on the yield of crude TFP. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: pH 4.5, enzyme amount 5000 u/g, extraction temperature 45°C, and liquid-to-solid ratio 30 ml/g. The experimental yield of crude TFP was 6.58%, which was very close to the predicted yield of 6.71%. TFPI was then purified and characterized with Sephadex G-100 column, UV-Vis, GPC, and FT-IR. The average molecular weight of TFPI was calculated to be 1.49 × 105 Da. TFPI exhibited strong reducing power and possessed not only remarkable scavenging activities against ABTS•+and DPPH radicals, but also high antitumor activities in C4-2, DU145, and PC3 cells. The results suggest thatTrichosanthes Fructusand TFPI could be a novel potent natural medicine with antioxidant and antitumor activities.

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Alavarsa-Cascales, Diego, María José Aliaño-González, Miguel Palma, Gerardo F. Barbero, and Ceferino Carrera. "Optimization of an Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Method for the Anthocyanins Present in Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102327.

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Several investigations have proven the presence of anthocyanins in different parts of açai plants. These compounds are responsible for the notable therapeutic properties of açai such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anticonvulsant. We have therefore optimized an enzyme-assisted extraction method for the anthocyanins found in açai, to be subsequently applied in many fields such as agrifood, medicine, or cosmetics. A Plackett–Burman design with seven variables (time of extraction, pH, temperature, agitation, percentage of ethanol in the solvent, amount of sample, and units of enzyme) was employed to determine the predominant extraction variables, of which four were categorized as influential. Subsequently, a Box–Behnken design–response surface methodology made it possible to determine the degree of influence from these variables and their optimal values. The optimal conditions were established as 0.1 g of açai heated up to 60 °C and extracted using 15 mL of solvent with pH 4 and 40% ethanol, 500 units of enzyme per gram of sample, and agitation at 150 rpm for 15 min. The repeatability and intermediate precision of the developed method were confirmed by variation coefficients below 5%. Finally, the developed method was compared against the extensively used maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods.

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Le Guillard, Cécile, Justine Dumay, Claire Donnay-Moreno, Sandrine Bruzac, Jean-Yves Ragon, Joël Fleurence, and Jean-Pascal Bergé. "Ultrasound-assisted extraction of R-phycoerythrin from Grateloupia turuturu with and without enzyme addition." Algal Research 12 (November 2015): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.11.002.

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Gisbert, Mauro, Daniel Franco, Jorge Sineiro, and Ramón Moreira. "Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum Seaweed Extracts." Molecules 28, no. 13 (June 23, 2023): 4937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134937.

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Seaweeds have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits and high contents of bioactive compounds. This review focuses on the exploration of seaweed’s health-promoting properties, with particular emphasis on phlorotannins, a class of bioactive compounds known for their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Various novel and ecofriendly extraction methods, including solid–liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction are examined for their effectiveness in isolating phlorotannins. The chemical structure and isolation of phlorotannins are discussed, along with methods for their characterization, such as spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and chromatography. Special attention is given to the antioxidant activity of phlorotannins. The inhibitory capacities of polyphenols, specifically phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum against digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, are explored. The results suggest that polyphenols from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed hold significant potential as enzyme inhibitors, although the inhibitory activity may vary depending on the extraction conditions and the specific enzyme involved. In conclusion, seaweed exhibits great potential as a functional food ingredient for promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. Overall, this review aims to condense a comprehensive collection of high-yield, low-cost, and ecofriendly extraction methods for obtaining phlorotannins with remarkable antioxidant and antidiabetic capacities.

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