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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT"

Zhang, Guangming, Huanzhi Liu, Panyue Zhang, and Ying Zhang. "Ultrasonic pre-treatment of biosolid." International Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (2008): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2008.017967.

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(Hans) van Leeuwen, J., Beril Akin, Samir Kumar Khanal, Shihwu Sung, David Grewell, and J. (Hans) van Leeuwen. "Ultrasound pre-treatment of waste activated sludge." Water Supply 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.962.

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Waste activated sludge (WAS) is more difficult to digest than primary sludge due to rate limiting cell hydrolysis. High-power ultrasound can effectively disintegrate the bacterial cells and thus enhance the subsequent digestion. This research examines the effectiveness of ultrasound pretreatment on WAS disintegration at different specific energy inputs, ultrasonic densities and total solids (TS) contents. The results show that the cut diameter (d50) for WAS with 2% TS content declined nearly 6.5-fold at an ultrasonic density of 0.67 W/ml. For higher TS contents of 4 and 6%, higher densities of 1.03 and 0.86 W/ml, respectively, were needed to achieve the same degree of particle size reduction. The efficacy of ultrasonic disintegration measured as soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) release was primarily governed by ultrasonic density (W/ml); whereas ultrasonic density did not show a significant effect on protein release at all TS levels. SCOD release of about 320 mg SCOD/g TS was obtained at a TS content of 2% and specific energy input of 5 kWs/gTS. The SCOD release, however, decreased to 160 and 90 mgSCOD/gTS at 4 and 6% TS contents, respectively. The highest protein release of 73 mg/gTS was obtained at a TS content of 2% and specific energy input of 10 kWs/gTS. The sludge disintegration efficiency declined significantly at higher TS content. Thus, there is a limiting TS concentration that could be effectively disintegrated by ultrasound, and this is governed by the capability of an ultrasonic unit in producing cavitation. The degree of disintegration also depends on types of ultrasonic unit used.

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Blume, Torben, and Uwe Neis. "Improved wastewater disinfection by ultrasonic pre-treatment." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 11, no. 5 (July 2004): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4177(03)00156-1.

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Schweitz, Kasper O., Ralf B. Schou-Jensen, and Svend S. Eskildsen. "Ultrasonic pre-treatment for enhanced diamond nucleation." Diamond and Related Materials 5, no. 3-5 (April 1996): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-9635(95)00499-8.

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Tigunova, O. O. "ULTRASONIC DISINTEGRATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE RAW MATERIALS AS A PRE-TREATMENT OF A SUBSTRATE FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF BIOBUTANOL." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 5 (October 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.05.049.

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Aim. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic disintegration on the lignocellulosic raw materials (biomass of the non-cereal part of rape) with its subsequent use as a substrate for the production of biobutanol. Methods. Butanol-producing strains and the biomass of the non-cereal part of rape Brassica napus were used in the present study. Ultrasonic disintegration of lignocellulosic raw materials was performed on the specially designed equipment. Results. The effect of ultrasonic disintegration on lignocellulosic raw materials was investigated for further application in biofuel production based on microbiological conversion. The possibility of using the obtained components after the pre-treatment of lignocellulose by ultrasonic disintegration as a substrate for the microbiological synthesis of butanol was shown. The highest accumulation of butanol (2.4 g/l) was obtained with the use of 5% dry matter content in the medium, 5 min treatment and the specific power of ultrasonic disintegration of 0.72 W/ml. Conclusions. The possibility of producer strains of the genus Clostridium to use cellulose in the fermentation process has been shown. When using ultrasonic disintegration for pretreatment of the non-cereal part of the biomass of rape, the accumulation of butanol increased by 3 folds.

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Cao, Liang. "Research on Column Flotation of Sliming Molybdenum Tailings Using Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 628 (September 2014): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.354.

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In this paper, for the re-concentration of sliming molybdenum Tailings in Henan Province, a multi-parameter test is carried out using orthogonal method in the column flotation system with the ultrasonic pre-treatment. Two groups’ optimum parameters of ultrasonic pre-treatment are acquired through the analysis of orthogonal test results. In addition,those two groups parameters are selected to verify the test results. Furthermore, the impact of ultrasonic pre-treatment on the floatability of mineral are defined by comparison tests. All the tests show that ultrasonic pre-treatment promotes the flotation of sliming molybdenum tailings..

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Wahab, Izzati Binti Mohamad Abdul, and Yin Fong Yeong. "Effect of Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment Durations on the Formation of Zeolite-T." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.911.

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In the present work, the lengthy synthesis duration of zeolite-T was successfully reduced by inducing the ultrasonic pre-treatment method prior to hydrothermal growth. The effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment durations on the formation of zeolite-T was investigated. The structure and morphology of the resultant samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD and FESEM. As verified by FTIR, samples produced using synthesis durations of 5, 4, 3 and 2 days with ultrasonic pre-treatment durations of 60 min and 90 min, respectively, demonstrated zeolite-T structure. One day synthesis duration was not sufficient for the formation of zeolite-T. From the results obtained by XRD and FESEM, it was found that samples underwent 60 min ultrasonic pre-treatment produced zeolite-T with higher crystallinity, while no significant changes on the morphology of the resultant zeolite-T synthesized using ultrasonic pre-treatment durations of 60 min and 90 min.

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Jin, Xin, Zi Fu Li, Xin Zhao, Lan Lan Xie, and Ting Ting Wang. "Effect of Ultrasound Pre-Treatment on Ultraviolet Disinfection in Controlling Bacterial Photoreactivation." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2369.

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The main objective of the study is to explore how ultrasonic work with ultraviolet, in an attempt to find out the synergistic effect in controlling the phenomenon of microbial photoreactivation, as well as to analyse the feasibility of synergistic disinfection and related theories. Two different frequencies of ultrasonic transducers (28/40kHz)were used in combination with ultraviolet for secondary effluent disinfection. By controlling the process parameters that may contribute to the efficiency of synergistic disinfection, such as different reaction time, respective ultrasonic and ultraviolet dose. The results show that the synergistic disinfection of ultrasonic and ultraviolet can inhibit such a phenomenon, while maintaining continuous disinfection ability of ultraviolet. Ultrasonic has great potential in enhancing continuous sterilization abilities of ultraviolet. Synergistic disinfection has great advantages compared with other disinfection technologies and has a promising prospect in future use.

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Rubanik, Vasili V., Vasili V. Rubanik Jr., Vyacheslav Dorodeiko, and Svetlana Miliukina. "Influence of Ultrasonic Treatment on Shape Memory Effects in Ti-50,4at.%Ni Alloy." Materials Science Forum 738-739 (January 2013): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.738-739.362.

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In the present study we investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the functional properties of Ti 50,4at.%Ni alloy after the processing in free and pre-deformed conditions. It is shown that the shape memory effect and its realization peculiarities depend on the parameters and conditions of ultrasonic influence. Ultrasonic treatment of preliminary deformed TiNi alloy in pre-deforming conditions promotes the reduction of strain restoring at the subsequent heating through the temperature interval of reverse martensite transformation. I. e. some setting of induced strain occurs during the ultrasonic treatment of material in pre-deforming conditions. In the specimens after ultrasonic treatment, it is observed the extension of shape recovery temperature range in the first thermal cycle, as well as the dependence of strain recovery temperature dynamics on the power of ultrasonic influence. Also it is established that ultrasonic treatment helps to increase the shape memory effect.

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Tan, Jiang Yue. "Studies on Pre-Treatment of Wastewater Containing Nitroaromatic Compound by Ultrasonic Cavitation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2213.

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In this paper, ultrasonic cavitation degradation was applied to treat the wastewater containing nitroaromatic compound. The factors influence to treatment effect such as the ultrasonic power and frequency, the wastewater initial pH value, were investigated by experiment. The experimental results showed that air-blasting in ultrasonic cavitation treatment could effectively improve treatment effect. The wastewater（COD:2650 mg•L-1,BOD5:240 mg•L-1，p-nitroaniline：490 mg•L-1，nitrobenzene:100 mg•L-1）was treated by ultrasonic cavitation degradation, the removal rate of p-nitroaniline,nitrobenzene and COD could be reached 91.3%,90.6% and 83.9% respectively after 3h. Biodegradability of the wastewater (B/C ratio ) can be increased to 0.4 , which satisfied the requirement for the subsequent biochemical processes.

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Дисертації з теми "ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT"

Pilli, Srinivas. "Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on fatigue life of pre-exfoliated AA-2024-T351." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2008. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20229/.

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In this study investigations were made into the effects of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT) on pre-exfoliated AA 2024 T351. Electrochemical tests were conducted to determine any changes in electrochemical behaviour of the alloys due to UIT condition. Uniaxial monotonic, cyclic and fatigue crack propagation (FCG) tests were conducted on material in As-Received (AR) condition and UIT condition in air and in a corrosive environment by pre-exfoliating the test specimens at pre-defined set of time periods and temperature range (20 °C). It was clear that the fatigue performance was severely reduced by the introduction of the corrosion environment for AR specimens. SEM analysis suggests that UIT conditioned AA 2024-T351 exhibits resistance to exfoliation corrosion at ambient and temperatures ranging between 20°C to 40°C when compared to AR specimens. However, these results are not supported by potentiodynamic polarisation curves which show a decrease in corrosion resistance of UIT specimens. Also it is understood that there is a considerable amount of Cu refinement and enrichment near the surface when the AA 2024-T351 is subjected to exfoliation corrosion tests. Whilst hydrogen is in an atomic state, it can be adsorbed onto the metal surface and consequently diffuses into the matrix and can have serious detrimental effects. A reference line for minimal pre-existing hydrogen in the alloy is identified and the magnitude of hydrogen is found to be 180 Arbitrary Hydrogen Units (AHU). It is also found that in corrosion environment, the hydrogen ingress and further charging is prominent at ambient temperatures for AR samples, and showed damage over the full width of cross-section. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. UIT surface treatments, followed by exfoliation corrosion have shown increased resistance to a reduction in mechanical properties, notably tensile and yield strength. Fractographic analysis further supported this finding by showing smaller average brittle failure depths for UIT specimens when compared to AR specimens. SEM analysis of AR samples (without exfoliation) showed a crystallographic contribution to the mode of failure where high density slip bands are formed and the initial failure exhibits a step format. 2. It is observed that during exfoliation, hydrogen ingress and adsorption is more prominent at ambient temperatures for AR samples. 3. A slight improvement In Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) life is observed for pre-exfoliated and UIT conditioned sample but not for UIT conditioned samples only. Little effect is observed for either treatment in the High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) region. 4. Fatigue crack initiation occurred from the edges for all samples. 5. Fatigue crack propagation of exfoliated specimens exhibited faster crack propagation than As-Received specimens. UIT caused retardation in crack propagation rate in AR samples but not in corroded samples. Failure of pre-exfoliated, UIT treated samples failed within the treated strip. It is also noted that crack deviation can occur when the crack tip reaches a secondary phase particle. 6. Nanocrystallisation generates uniformity of the surface which refines the secondary phase particles and helps mitigate crack initiation sites.

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Bandelin, Jochen Stefan [Verfasser], Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch, Konrad [Gutachter] Koch, and Lise [Gutachter] Appels. "Increasing the energy efficiency of ultrasonic pre-treatment systems in wastewater treatment plants / Jochen Stefan Bandelin ; Gutachter: Konrad Koch, Lise Appels ; Betreuer: Konrad Koch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240832818/34.

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Santos, Wdson Costa. "Contribuição para avaliação de influência do tratamento preliminar de amostra sobre a confiabilidade das informações analíticas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11728.

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CAPES
No presente trabalho foram investigados os efeitos sobre a recuperação de elementos causados por modificações em processos prévios a amostragem laboratorial e lixiviação dos analitos das polpas de abóbora e batata. Inicialmente, foi avaliado o efeito da inversão na ordem de operações do procedimento de tratamento preliminar das amostras brutas das polpas sobre as recuperações dos elementos. As amostras das polpas foram secas para posterior trituração (PA) ou as amostras foram trituradas antes de serem submetidas à secagem (PB). Os resultados obtidos empregando ambos os procedimentos foram comparados para 95% de confiança e eles mostraram diferenças significativas para alguns elementos determinados na amostra de batata. As concentrações de K, P e Mn, na polpa de batata, determinadas aplicando o primeiro procedimento de pré-tratamento (PA) foram 13,6±0,4 mg K g-1, 1,95±0,04 mg P g-1 e 5,7±0,2 μg Mn g-1, enquanto 12,2±0,3 mg K g-1, 1,62±0,03 mg P g-1 e 2,6±0,2 μg Mn g-1 foram determinadas quando a mesma amostra bruta foi submetida ao pré-tratamento PB para a obtenção da amostra teste. Em contraposição, no caso da amostra bruta de polpa de abóbora, os resultados para os elementos (K, P, Mn, Mg) foram maiores quando a polpa foi previamente esmagada antes da secagem. Em um estudo independente, a eficiência da extração de metais de amostras de polpas trituradas de abóbora ou batata para soluções diluídas de HNO3 foi avaliada variando o modo (agitação mecânica ou irradiação ultrassônica) e o período (de 10 a 30 min) de agitação, bem como a concentração da solução de HNO3 na solução de lixiviação (de 0,7 a 2,1 mol L-1). Os resultados foram também comparados com aqueles obtidos nas digestões assistidas por micro-ondas das amostras teste v em meio nítrico-peróxido. Foi observado que para ambas as amostras teste (abóbora e batata) e independentemente do modo ou período de agitação que a eficiência de extração de Ca, K, Mg e Mn foi diminuída para solução para 2,1 mol L-1 HNO3. Uma melhora no nível de recuperação de P foi obtida quando a lixiviação foi realizada com soluções diluídas de HNO3 (0,7 e 1,4 mol L-1) e sob irradiação ultrassônica. Esse efeito foi relacionado à presença de átomos de fósforo em moléculas estruturais de células de abóbora e batata, bem como à cominuição (ou fragmentação) das partículas submetidas a um campo ultrassônico intenso. Contudo, efeitos indesejados foram também observados para alguns elementos quando submetidos às lixiviações assistidas com ultrassom, como exemplificado pelo teor de cálcio determinado após a lixiviação da amostra teste de batata ter atingido valor 2,3 vezes maior que o valor obtido após a mineralização da amostra em micro-ondas. Muitos desses efeitos foram relacionados à erosão da superfície interna frascos irradiados.
Salvador

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KUMAR, ABHISHEK. "INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT ON COW DUNG SLURRY WITH SLUDGE WATER AND FOOD WASTE FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION." Thesis, 2023. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19971.

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In the present work, Ultrasonic pre-treatment was performed on cow dung slurry in anaerobic conditions to observe the methane quality and hydraulic retention time (HRT). There were four anaerobic digesters designated as B1, B2, B3, and B4 with the capacity of 10 litres each, had the ratio of cow dung:sludge water: food waste is 1:1.5:1 respectively with the additive of 10gm jaggery / kg-cow dung with organic loading rate (OLR) of 6 kg total solid (TS) m-3day-1. Initially, the HRT was 17 days at room temperatures varied between 28oC and 32oC respectively. B1 and B2 were treated by ultrasound for 35 minutes (230V, 18kHz, 1.5kW) at 50oC and 60oC (Thermophilic condition) respectively. It was observed that B1 had the maximum Methane (CH4) yield in the biogas which was 13.4% more than B2, 52% more than B3, and the least Methane yield in the biogas was observed in B4. At Mesophilic condition (30 oC - 40 oC) the methane yield was found 30% lower as compared to B1. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the most favourable ultrasonication time, temperature, and hydraulic retention time in this study for ultrasonic pre-treatment of cow dung for the production of biogas. This was accomplished with the help of a software programme (Design Expert 12.0.1.0). In order to analyse the result of the variables and their interlinkage to establish their optimal values, quadratic result datas for the responses were created, and a 3-Dimension response surface map was generated. The ultrasonication time, temperature, and retention period following HRT were determined by numerical optimisation to be 35 minutes, 60°C, and 8 days respectively.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT"

Karouach, Fadoua, Rachid Gomhaned, Mohammed Bakraoui, Yasser El Gnaoui, Omar Kerrou, Nabila Lahboubi, and Hassan El Bari. "Study of ultrasonic pre-treatment effect on the methanogenic potential of University Canteen Waste." In 2019 7th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec48032.2019.9078143.

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Cao, X. Q., A. N. Chen, D. F. Zhao, Y. P. Gan, J. Zhou, J. W. Wang, and J. Chang. "Upgrading of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge by sludge thickening and ultrasonic pre-treatment." In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Problems in Architecture and Construction. IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.1259.

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Altun, N. Emre, Jiann-Yang Hwang, and C. Hicyilmaz. "Use of Ultrasound to Enhance Flotation Performance: Flotation Cleaning of Oil Shale after Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment." In The 4th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/mmme18.130.

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Andriza, Yoel, Ade Rachmawati, Hartiwi Diastuti, Egi Agustian, and Anny Sulaswatty. "The effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment on yield of hydrodistillation cardamom (Amomum cardamomum) seeds essential oil." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGETICS, CIVIL AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 2021 (ICECAE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110916.

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Cheong, Yuen Theng, Adeline Seak May Chua, and Gek Cheng Ngoh. "Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Incorporated Assistive Heating Methods." In International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.17.

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One of the most underutilized biomasses wastes in Malaysia is oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). Lignin presented in EFB was found to contain the highest energy content compared to hemicellulose and cellulose. Therefore, EFB can be the sources of lignin extraction to generate profit for the oil palm industry. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has emerged as a new green solvent in biomass fractionation field as it has impressive delignification efficiency and low toxicity. Many researchers had delignified biomass using DES with conventional oil bath heating. The conventional method for delignification is energy-intensive and involving long pre-treatment time. Hence, this study aims to achieve effective extraction yield while reducing energy usage to extract lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) using DES with aid of microwave heating (MAE) and ultrasonic irradiation (UAE). The feasible extraction scheme was used to investigate parameters include water content in DES, irradiation duration, and heating method power. The crucial parameters affecting MAE pre-treatment was found to be microwave power and duration. As for UAE pre-treatment, ultrasonic amplitude and water content in DES plays a significant role on delignifying EFB using DES. In addition, the models developed for both pre-treatments are identified to be significant and thus the optimized pre-treatment conditions can be obtained. This finding is anticipated to generate an effective DES pre-treatment with integration of assistive heating techniques. From regression analysis, the optimized condition for UAE pre-treatment is at 75% amplitude for 8 min 38s, resulting in an 13.20% of lignin removal from EFB. As for the MAE pre-treatment, 56.30% of delignification efficiency was achieved using optimized condition at 300 W for 2 min 42 sec.

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Morinaka, Ren, Kunihiro Hasegawa, Noboru Saito, Fujio Yoshikubo, and Akihiro Kanno. "Application of Water Jet Peening on Pre-Cracked Nickel Based Alloy and Stainless Steel." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78824.

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Water Jet Peening (WJP) has been widely applied to Japanese nuclear power plants since 1999 in order to mitigate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) generation on SCC susceptible material used their reactors as an approved mechanical mitigation technique against SCC [1]. Laboratory data shows that WJP has an effect to mitigate or suppress shallow crack propagation if the achieved compression depth is deeper than the crack, and that WJP has no adverse effect on pre-existing cracks on the mitigated surface, such as crack propagation during WJP treatment or acceleration effect after its treatment [2]. However, there was no field experience of applying WJP on cracked surfaces of operating reactor internals since we removed the crack(s) as the practice in Japan was to remove the crack prior to WJP implementation. When observed crack can be left as is according to its profile, it is required to perform the crack sizing periodically by Ultrasonic Testing in order to monitor its propagation. In order to apply WJP on the cracked surface, additional testing was needed to clarify that no adverse effect on UT sizing capability after WJP will be observed. The Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPC) and Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd. (HGNE) have performed several tests about this UT crack sizing test before and after WJP treatment and other related test before its field application.

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Srzednicki, George, Qixin Li, and Robert H. Driscoll. "Effects of different drying conditions on curcumin concentration in turmeric." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7247.

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Turmeric (Curcuma longa), belongs to Zingiberaceae family. The rhizomes contain bioactive compounds of the curcuminoids group (natural phenols). They are used in food and pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this research was to acquire dried turmeric with high total curcumin content. In this study, optimum turmeric drying conditions and new extraction techniques were explored. Fresh turmeric samples were subjected to constant vs changing drying air temperatures and pre-treatment (blanching). Changing drying air temperature and use of non-blanched turmeric slices resulted in the highest concentration of curcumin. Ultrasonic extraction instead of soxhlet extraction improved the extraction efficiency and decreased extraction time. Keywords: Turmeric, Curcumin; Drying; Blanching; Extraction

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Barnier, V., S. Costil, H. Li, C. Coddet, and R. Oltra. "Study of Aluminium Oxidation Induced by a Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser Treatment and Its Influence on the Adhesion Properties of a Plasma-Sprayed Alumina Coating." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0335.

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Abstract The aim of this work was to study the modifications induced by 10 ns single or cumulative pulses of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser emitting in the near-infrared (λ = 1064 nm) on a pure aluminum surface with a laser energy density leading to a regime of interaction below the material ablation. The influence of these laser substrate pre-treatments on the mechanical behavior of an 83 µm thick alumina plasma sprayed coating was observed by evaluating the integrity of the coating/substrate interface with a "laser-ultrasonic method" thanks to a special set up using a probe laser interferometer. An increase in the alumina coating adhesion considering cumulative pulses for a laser energy density of 0.7 J/cm2 was observed above 100 laser pulses. The highest adhesion was obtained for a laser treatment considering 1000 shots. For a single pulse laser treatment, this increase was found applying an energy density of 1.8 J/cm2. These results were correlated with the observation of modifications on topography and morphology of the aluminum surface after laser irradiations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the improvement of the adhesion of the plasma-sprayed alumina coatings was correlated to changes of the aluminum oxide morphology.

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Kimura, Ryuji, Fujio Yoshikubo, Kazuya Ehara, Nobuo Murakami, and Akihiro Kanno. "Evaluation for Nondestructive Crack Sizing Capability on Cracked Surface Treated by Water Jet Peening." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97652.

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Water Jet Peening (WJP) is an approved mechanical mitigation technique that has been widely applied in Japanese nuclear power plants since 1999. WJP suppresses stress corrosion cracking (SCC) initiation in SCC susceptible materials which have been widely used in the fabrication of reactor internals [1]. Laboratory data shows that WJP is effective at mitigating or suppressing shallow crack propagation if the post application compression depth layer is deeper than the original crack depth and that WJP has no adverse effect on pre-existing cracks, such as crack propagation or acceleration of the crack propagation during and after WJP [2]. In addition, it has also been reported that WJP has no adverse effect on Ultrasonic testing (UT) sizing capability for pre-existing cracks in 304S.S. and Alloy 182 [3]. Based on these evaluation test results, Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd (HGNE) successfully applied WJP on the cracked surfaces of reactor internals in an operating Japanese nuclear power plant in 2011 [4]. Recently, to evaluate the applicability of this process in a PWR power plant, HGNE has performed an evaluation of Ultrasonic testing (UT) and Eddy Current Testing (ECT) sizing capabilities for surface cracks on a dissimilar metal weld coupon that had been mitigated utilizing the WJP process. No significant differences in their sizing capabilities were observed between the before and after WJP treatment test coupons. During this evaluation, it was also confirmed that surface residual stress on the coupon was improved from tensile to compressive (from max approximately 800MPa to min approximately −600MPa). As a result of this evaluation, it was determined that WJP has no adverse effect on UT and ECT sizing capabilities. In addition, HGNE has taken this knowledge and applied it to the development of a WJP tool for PWR Bottom Mounted Instrumentation (BMI) nozzles, which accommodates all the parameters used for this testing and enables HGNE to reduce the total application time as a result of the inclusion of advanced technological improvements.

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Ayes, Armando, Paul R. Ohodnicki, Robert J. Lad, and Mauricio Pereira da Cunha. "Enhanced Hydrogen Gas Detection Using SAW Sensor Through Oxygen Pre-Treatment." In 2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2019.8925669.

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