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Статті в журналах з теми "Ultra-Fast optic"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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1

Liu, Yi, Min Chen, Jinjian Li, Ming Chen, and Shiliang Qu. "An Ultra-Simple Microchannel-Free Fiber-Optic Gas-Pressure Sensor With Ultra-Fast Response." IEEE Sensors Journal 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 6621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2022.3151368.

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2

Wu, Nan, Xiaotian Zou, Ye Tian, John Fitek, Michael Maffeo, Christopher Niezrecki, Julie Chen, and Xingwei Wang. "An ultra-fast fiber optic pressure sensor for blast event measurements." Measurement Science and Technology 23, no. 5 (April 11, 2012): 055102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/23/5/055102.

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3

Wang, Yan, Tongtong Liu, Jiangyi Liu, Chuanbo Li, Zhuo Chen, and Shuhui Bo. "Organic electro-optic polymer materials and organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 101301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/10/101301.

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Abstract High performance electro-optic modulator, as the key device of integrated ultra-wideband optical systems, have become the focus of research. Meanwhile, the organic-based hybrid electro-optic modulators, which make full use of the advantages of organic electro-optic (OEO) materials (e.g. high electro-optic coefficient, fast response speed, high bandwidth, easy processing/integration and low cost) have attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we introduce a series of high-performance OEO materials that exhibit good properties in electro-optic activity and thermal stability. In addition, the recent progress of organic-based hybrid electro-optic devices is reviewed, including photonic crystal-organic hybrid (PCOH), silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) and plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators. A high-performance integrated optical platform based on OEO materials is a promising solution for growing high speeds and low power consumption in compact sizes.

4

Li, Jian Wei, Nan Xu, Jian Li, and Zhi Xin Zhang. "Ultrafast Electrical Signal Electro-Optic Sampling Test Theory and Test System." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.471.

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Discussed the principle of electro-optic sampling technique and implementation methods of Ultra-fast electrical signals, the electric field of electro-optical crystal and sampling pulses as well as the interaction between the principle of time scanning unit, established the coplanar waveguide parameters model, and analyzed the technical indicators of test system.

5

Romashko, R. V., S. Di Girolamo, Y. N. Kulchin, J. C. Launay, and A. A. Kamshilin. "Fast-adaptive fiber-optic sensor for ultra-small vibration and deformation measurement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 85 (October 1, 2007): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/85/1/012024.

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6

Badr, Mohamed M., Mohamed Y. Abdelatty, and Mohamed A. Swillam. "Ultra-fast silicon electro-optic modulator based on ITO-integrated directional coupler." Physica Scripta 94, no. 6 (April 11, 2019): 065502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab0ce1.

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7

Shah, R. D., R. J. Cliffe, B. M. Novac, I. R. Smith, and P. Senior. "An ultra-fast electro-optic probe for 500 kV pulsed voltage measurements." Measurement Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2002): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/13/2/314.

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8

MacMahon, Rohan, and Murray Milner. "Ultra-fast broadband in New Zealand: Progress Accelerating." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v3n4.32.

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The New Zealand Government’s Ultrafast Broadband (UFB) initiative is now more than halfway completed. Pleasingly, deployment of Fibre To The Premises (FTTP) has tracked ahead of schedule over the last two years. As at September 2015, deployment was 56% complete, with over 800,000 households and businesses able to connect, equating to around 44% of the NZ population able to connect to an optic fibre broadband service. Communal deployment has been completed in 11 of the 35 eligible towns and cities, meaning fibre has been laid on public lands, enabling every household to order a UFB connection. A further eight towns/ cities are expected to be completed by June 2016. Uptake of UFB services is accelerating as Retail Service Providers (RSPs) increasingly see UFB as the right choice for themselves and their customers. Presently around 10,000 households and businesses connect every month. With over 130,000 connections in place as at September 2015, uptake is around one in 6, indicating that there is still a long way to go for New Zealanders to connect to improved broadband. Importantly, deployment to “priority” premises (businesses, schools and health facilities) is close to completion, and many of these customers report that UFB usage has helped them improve business productivity or service delivery. The goal for the UFB initiative is recognised as being delivered well by the New Zealand Government, to the point that at the 2014 election it committed to provide additional funding to increase the FTTP rollout from 75% population coverage to 80%.

9

MacMahon, Rohan, and Murray Milner. "Ultra-fast broadband in New Zealand: Progress Accelerating." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v3n4.32.

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The New Zealand Government’s Ultrafast Broadband (UFB) initiative is now more than halfway completed. Pleasingly, deployment of Fibre To The Premises (FTTP) has tracked ahead of schedule over the last two years. As at September 2015, deployment was 56% complete, with over 800,000 households and businesses able to connect, equating to around 44% of the NZ population able to connect to an optic fibre broadband service. Communal deployment has been completed in 11 of the 35 eligible towns and cities, meaning fibre has been laid on public lands, enabling every household to order a UFB connection. A further eight towns/ cities are expected to be completed by June 2016. Uptake of UFB services is accelerating as Retail Service Providers (RSPs) increasingly see UFB as the right choice for themselves and their customers. Presently around 10,000 households and businesses connect every month. With over 130,000 connections in place as at September 2015, uptake is around one in 6, indicating that there is still a long way to go for New Zealanders to connect to improved broadband. Importantly, deployment to “priority” premises (businesses, schools and health facilities) is close to completion, and many of these customers report that UFB usage has helped them improve business productivity or service delivery. The goal for the UFB initiative is recognised as being delivered well by the New Zealand Government, to the point that at the 2014 election it committed to provide additional funding to increase the FTTP rollout from 75% population coverage to 80%.

10

Belhassen, Jérémy, Zeev Zalevsky, and Avi Karsenty. "Optical Polarization Sensitive Ultra-Fast Switching and Photo-Electrical Device." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121743.

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Ultra-fast electrical switches activated with an optical-polarized light trigger, also called photo-polarized activated electrical switches, are presented. A set of new transistor circuits is switched by light from above, illuminating deep V-grooves, whose angle is sensitive to the polarization of the incident. Thus, this application may serve for encryption/decryption devices since the strongest electrical responsivity is only obtained for very specific spatial polarization directions of the illumination beam. When this V-groove is sufficiently narrow, the device mainly responds to one polarization and not to the other. In such a way, electrons are generated only for one specific polarization. While the nature of the data remains electronic, the modulation control is optic, creating a photo-induced current depending on the polarization direction. This coupled device acts as a polarization modulator as well as an intensity modulator. The article focuses on the integration of several devices in different configurations of circuitry: dual, triple, and multi-element. Case studies of several adjacent devices are presented with varying critical variables, such as the V-groove aperture dimensions. Analytical models and complementary numerical analyses are presented for the future smooth integration into Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

11

Semenov, D. V., E. Nippolainen, A. A. Kamshilin, A. V. Belyaev, S. V. Andreev, and B. S. Gurevich. "An ultra-fast distance sensor based on dynamic speckles generated by acousto-optic deflection." Measurement Science and Technology 17, no. 11 (September 28, 2006): 2906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/11/007.

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12

Shur, M., S. Rudin, G. Rupper, M. Yamaguchi, X. Shen, and A. Muraviev. "Subpicosecond Nonlinear Plasmonic Response Probed by Femtosecond Optical Pulses." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 25, no. 01n02 (March 2016): 1640003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156416400036.

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The hydrodynamic model of the electron transport in the channel of a nanoscale field effect transistors predicts that three different electron transport regimes – collision-dominated, ballistic, and viscosity dominated – determine the ultimate response time of the semiconductor device depending on its length, momentum relaxation time, and viscosity. The characteristic response times of ultra-short channel transistors are in the subpicosecond range. We now report on a new measurement technique with a greatly enhanced sensitivity using optical band-to-band pulses with a controlled delay. The measurements using this new electro-optic sampling and hydrodynamic modeling reveal the ultra-fast transistor plasmonic response at the time scale much shorter than the electron transit time.

13

Soysouvanh, S., M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, J. Ali, G. Singh, S. Mitatha, P. Yupapin, K. T. V. Grattan, and M. Yoshida. "Ultra-fast electro-optic switching control using a soliton pulse within a modified add-drop multiplexer." Microsystem Technologies 24, no. 9 (March 17, 2018): 3777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-018-3837-y.

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14

Bartko, H., F. Goebel, R. Mirzoyan, W. Pimpl, and M. Teshima. "Tests of a prototype multiplexed fiber-optic ultra-fast FADC data acquisition system for the MAGIC telescope." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 548, no. 3 (August 2005): 464–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.05.029.

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15

Panda, Janmey J., Krishna R. Sahoo, Aparna Praturi, Ashique Lal, Nirmal K. Viswanathan, Tharangattu N. Narayanan, and G. Rajalakshmi. "High-sensitivity characterization of ultra-thin atomic layers using spin-Hall effect of light." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 7 (August 21, 2022): 075302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102355.

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The fast-emerging diverse applications using a variety of magnetic/non-magnetic heterostructure ultra-thin films warrant the sensitive characterization of the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of the interface. As a practical alternate to the conventional magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) method, we propose and demonstrate the spin-Hall effect of the light (SHEL)-based MOKE method with competitive sensitivity and scope for further improvement. The SHEL-MOKE technique is a versatile surface characterization tool for studying materials’ magnetic and dielectric ordering, which are extracted from the variations to the phase-polarization characteristics of a focused beam of light reflected at the interface, as a function of the applied magnetic field. Using this technique, we measure the magnetic field dependent complex Kerr angle and the coercivity in ultra-thin films of permalloy (Py) and at molybdenum disulfide (MoS[Formula: see text])—permalloy (MSPy) hetero-structure interfaces. A comprehensive theoretical model and simulation data are provided to strengthen the potential of this simple non-invasive optical method. The theoretical model is subsequently applied to extract the optical conductivity of non-magnetic ultra-thin layers of MoS[Formula: see text].

16

Woody, Michael S., Marco Capitanio, E. Michael Ostap, and Yale E. Goldman. "Electro-optic deflectors deliver advantages over acousto-optical deflectors in a high resolution, ultra-fast force-clamp optical trap." Optics Express 26, no. 9 (April 16, 2018): 11181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.011181.

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17

Yan, Xin, Tao Wang, Gang Wang, Dong Yao, Yiheng Liu, Guilong Gao, Liwei Xin, et al. "Theoretical and experimental study on responsivity of ultra-fast X-ray semiconductor chip based on the rad-optic effect." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1049 (April 2023): 168070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168070.

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18

Rao, Yunjiang, Zinan Wang, Huijuan Wu, Zengling Ran та Bing Han. "Recent Advances in Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (Ф-OTDR)". Photonic Sensors 11, № 1 (22 січня 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-021-0619-4.

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AbstractPhase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Ф-OTDR) is an effective way to detect vibrations and acoustic waves with high sensitivity, by interrogating coherent Rayleigh backscattering light in sensing fiber. In particular, fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) based on the Ф-OTDR with phase demodulation has been extensively studied and widely used in intrusion detection, borehole seismic acquisition, structure health monitoring, etc., in recent years, with superior advantages such as long sensing range, fast response speed, wide sensing bandwidth, low operation cost and long service lifetime. Significant advances in research and development (R&D) of Ф-OTDR have been made since 2014. In this review, we present a historical review of Ф-OTDR and then summarize the recent progress of Ф-OTDR in the Fiber Optics Research Center (FORC) at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), which is the first group to carry out R&D of Ф-OTDR and invent ultra-sensitive DAS (uDAS) seismometer in China which is elected as one of the ten most significant technology advances of PetroChina in 2019. It can be seen that the Ф-OTDR/DAS technology is currently under its rapid development stage and would reach its climax in the next 5 years.

19

Walba, David M., Daniel J. Dyer, Xin Hua Chen, Uwe Müller, Peter Cobben, Renfan Shao, and Noel A. Clark. "Design and Synthesis of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals. 25. An Approach to New Materials for Ultra-Fast Electronic Electro-Optic Modulators." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 288, no. 1 (September 1996): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259608034586.

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20

Roorda, Robert D., Tobias M. Hohl, Ricardo Toledo-Crow, and Gero Miesenböck. "Video-Rate Nonlinear Microscopy of Neuronal Membrane Dynamics With Genetically Encoded Probes." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 1 (July 2004): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00087.2004.

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Biological membranes decorated with suitable contrast agents give rise to nonlinear optical signals such as two-photon fluorescence and harmonic up-conversion when illuminated with ultra-short, high-intensity pulses of infrared laser light. Microscopic images based on these nonlinear contrasts were acquired at video or higher frame rates by scanning a focused illuminating spot rapidly across neural tissues. The scan engine relied on an acousto-optic deflector (AOD) to produce a fast horizontal raster and on corrective prisms to offset the AOD-induced dispersion of the ultra-short excitation light pulses in space and time. Two membrane-bound derivatives of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) were tested as nonlinear contrast agents. Synapto-pHluorin, a pH-sensitive GFP variant fused to a synaptic vesicle membrane protein, provided a time-resolved fluorescent read-out of neurotransmitter release at genetically specified synaptic terminals in the intact brain. Arrays of dually lipidated GFP molecules at the plasma membrane generated intense two-photon fluorescence but no detectable second-harmonic power. Comparison with second-harmonic generation by membranes stained with a synthetic styryl dye suggested that the genetically encoded chromophore arrangement lacked the orientational anisotropy and/or dipole density required for efficient coherent scattering of the incident optical field.

21

Mooney, P. E., and O. L. Krivanek. "Image-coupling methods in CCD cameras for Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100169766.

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It is well established that the charge-coupled device (CCD) is the detector of choice in imaging applications requiring sensitivity, dynamic range, linearity and low geometric distortion. It has also been shown that in the electron microscope, indirect coupling of the image by a scintillator and transfer optic is required to prevent damage to the CCD and to allow for sufficient dynamic range. The question then follows how best to design the coupling to achieve the image quality required for digital imaging in electron microscopy.We have characterized slow-scan CCD cameras with three representative optical couplings (Figure 1):1:1 fiber-optically coupled camera with a large-pixel CCD (TK1024) and both single-crystal and powder scintillators for 100-400 kV applications requiring good sensitivity,1:1 tandem lens-coupled camera with a large-pixel CCD (TK1024) and a powder scintillator mounted on an ultra-thin Al foil for high voltage applications, and3:1 reduction macro lens-coupled camera with a fast, small-pixel CCD (Kodak MegaPlus) and thin scintillator mounted on a glass prism for applications requiring fast read-out, but not high sensitivity.In this abstract we compare the three coupling methods to each other, and also to a TV-rate fiber-optically coupled CCD camera.

22

Nur-E-Alam, Mohammad, Mikhail Vasiliev, and Kamal Alameh. "Bi-Substituted Ferrite Garnet Type Magneto-Optic Materials Studied at ESRI Nano-Fabrication Laboratories, ECU, Australia." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101471.

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Since 2007, at the Electron Science Research Institute (ESRI) nano-fabrication laboratories, Edith Cowan University, Australia, we have devoted research efforts to the synthesis and characterization of bismuth-containing ferrite-garnet-type thin-film magneto-optic (MO) materials of different compositions. We report on the growth and characteristics of radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtered bismuth-substituted iron-garnet thin films. We study the process parameters associated with the RF magnetron sputter deposition technique and investigate the results of optimizing process parameters. To achieve the best MO properties, we employ a few unique techniques, such as co-sputtered nanocomposite films and all-garnet multilayer structures, as well as the application of oxygen plasma treatment to amorphous garnet layers immediately following the deposition process. We demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in the MO properties of Bi-containing ferrite-type garnet thin-film materials, including record-high MO figures of merit and improved conventional and unconventional hysteresis loops of Faraday rotation. Previously unpublished research results on the forward-looking applications of magnetic garnet coatings applied to microparticles of advanced luminescent materials are reported. In the context of developing the next-generation ultra-fast optoelectronic devices, such as light intensity switches and modulators, high-speed flat panel displays, and high-sensitivity sensors, it is important to consider the desirable optical, magnetic, and magneto-optic properties that are found in highly bismuth-substituted iron garnet thin-film materials of various composition types.

23

Dutta-Gupta, Shourya, Nima Dabidian, Iskandar Kholmanov, Mikhail A. Belkin, and Gennady Shvets. "Electrical tuning of the polarization state of light using graphene-integrated anisotropic metasurfaces." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2090 (March 28, 2017): 20160061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0061.

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Plasmonic metasurfaces have been employed for moulding the flow of transmitted and reflected light, thereby enabling numerous applications that benefit from their ultra-thin sub-wavelength format. Their appeal is further enhanced by the incorporation of active electro-optic elements, paving the way for dynamic control of light's properties. In this paper, we realize a dynamic polarization state generator using a graphene-integrated anisotropic metasurface (GIAM) that converts the linear polarization of the incident light into an elliptical one. This is accomplished by using an anisotropic metasurface with two principal polarization axes, one of which possesses a Fano-type resonance. A gate-controlled single-layer graphene integrated with the metasurface was employed as an electro-optic element controlling the phase and intensity of light polarized along the resonant axis of the GIAM. When the incident light is polarized at an angle to the resonant axis of the metasurface, the ellipticity of the reflected light can be dynamically controlled by the application of a gate voltage. Thus accomplished dynamic polarization control is experimentally demonstrated and characterized by measuring the Stokes polarization parameters. Large changes of the ellipticity and the tilt angle of the polarization ellipse are observed. Our measurements show that the tilt angle can be changed from positive values through zero to negative values while keeping the ellipticity constant, potentially paving the way to rapid ellipsometry and other characterization techniques requiring fast polarization shifting. This article is part of the themed issue ‘New horizons for nanophotonics’.

24

Mishra, Ratnakar, Benson S. Chen, Prachi Richa, and Patrick Yu-Wai-Man. "Wolfram syndrome: new pathophysiological insights and therapeutic strategies." Therapeutic Advances in Rare Disease 2 (January 2021): 263300402110395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26330040211039518.

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Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is an ultra-rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by early-onset diabetes mellitus and irreversible loss of vision, secondary to optic nerve degeneration. Visual loss in WS is an important cause of registrable blindness in children and young adults and the pathological hallmark is the preferential loss of retinal ganglion cells within the inner retina. In addition to optic atrophy, affected individuals frequently develop variable combinations of neurological, endocrinological, and psychiatric complications. The majority of patients carry recessive mutations in the WFS1 (4p16.1) gene that encodes for a multimeric transmembrane protein, wolframin, embedded within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). An increasingly recognised subgroup of patients harbor dominant WFS1 mutations that usually cause a milder phenotype, which can be limited to optic atrophy. Wolframin is a ubiquitous protein with high levels of expression in retinal, neuronal, and muscle tissues. It is a multifunctional protein that regulates a host of cellular functions, in particular the dynamic interaction with mitochondria at mitochondria-associated membranes. Wolframin has been implicated in several crucial cellular signaling pathways, including insulin signaling, calcium homeostasis, and the regulation of apoptosis and the ER stress response. There is currently no cure for WS; management remains largely supportive. This review will cover the clinical, genetic, and pathophysiological features of WS, with a specific focus on disease models and the molecular pathways that could serve as potential therapeutic targets. The current landscape of therapeutic options will also be discussed in the context of the latest evidence, including the pipeline for repurposed drugs and gene therapy. Plain language summary Wolfram syndrome – disease mechanisms and treatment options Wolfram syndrome (WS) is an ultra-rare genetic disease that causes diabetes mellitus and progressive loss of vision from early childhood. Vision is affected in WS because of damage to a specialized type of cells in the retina, known as retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which converge at the back of the eye to form the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the fast-conducting cable that transmits visual information from the eye to the vision processing centers within the brain. As RGCs are lost, the optic nerve degenerates and it becomes pale in appearance (optic atrophy). Although diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy are the main features of WS, some patients can develop more severe problems because the brain and other organs, such as the kidneys and the bladder, are also affected. The majority of patients with WS carry spelling mistakes (mutations) in the WFS1 gene, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.1). This gene is highly expressed in the eye and in the brain, and it encodes for a protein located within a compartment of the cell known as the endoplasmic reticulum. For reasons that still remain unclear, WFS1 mutations preferentially affect RGCs, accounting for the prominent visual loss in this genetic disorder. There is currently no effective treatment to halt or slow disease progression and management remains supportive, including the provision of visual aids and occupational rehabilitation. Research into WS has been limited by its relative rarity and the inability to get access to eye and brain tissues from affected patients. However, major advances in our understanding of this disease have been made recently by making use of more accessible cells from patients, such as skin cells (fibroblasts), or animal models, such as mice and zebrafish. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which WFS1 mutations affect cells, impairing their function and eventually leading to their premature loss. The possible treatment strategies to block these pathways are also discussed, with a particular focus on drug repurposing (i.e., using drugs that are already approved for other diseases) and gene therapy (i.e., replacing or repairing the defective WFS1 gene).

25

Thompson, Peter. "Wired-up or Wind-up? The Political Economy of Broadband Policy in New Zealand/Aotearoa." Media International Australia 151, no. 1 (May 2014): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100119.

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Government policy has played a crucial role in driving the development of broadband technology in New Zealand, but this has evidently been shaped by the interplay of different ministerial imperatives and rationales under different administrations. The Labour-led government's 2005 Digital Strategy primarily aimed at increasing consumer uptake of basic broadband to overcome the ‘digital divide’. This evolved into the more ambitious 2008 Digital Strategy 2.0 which, consistent with Labour's ‘third way’ philosophy, focused both on grassroots community engagement and economic goals (involving both the Ministry for Culture and Heritage and the Ministry of Economic Development). However, the election of the National-led government later in 2008 brought a shift in the principles and outcomes driving broadband policy. National's Ultra-Fast Broadband initiative has seen NZ$1.35 billion allocated to telecommunications companies that won contracts to develop a nationwide fibre-optic infrastructure. The political rationale more strongly reflects macro-economic imperatives informed primarily by the revamped Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment. This more commercial policy orientation has nevertheless led the government into some complex and contradictory positions, particularly with respect to its reluctance to insulate the UFB initiative from demands to re-regulate the media sector in response to convergence and competition issues. Taking a critical institutionalist approach and drawing on evidence from key policy documents and interview data with policy actors, this analysis outlines several policy tensions underpinning the shifts in New Zealand's telecommunications and broadband policy between 2005 and 2013.

26

Vasa, P., C. Ropers, R. Pomraenke, and C. Lienau. "Ultra-fast nano-optics." Laser & Photonics Review 3, no. 6 (November 2, 2009): 483–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.200810064.

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27

Qi, Yun, Yan Zhao, Haihong Bao, Wei Jin, and Hoi Lut Ho. "Nanofiber enhanced stimulated Raman spectroscopy for ultra-fast, ultra-sensitive hydrogen detection with ultra-wide dynamic range." Optica 6, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.6.000570.

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28

Wei, Lulin, Jie Li, Haohao Wang, Shuhong Nie, Wenming Su, Dafang Huang, and Mingwei Zhu. "Ultra-fast and low-cost fabrication of transparent paper." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 12 (2021): 121601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.121601.

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29

Uemoto, Mitsuharu, Kazuhiro Yabana, Shunsuke A. Sato, Yuta Hirokawa, and Taisuke Boku. "A first-principles simulation method for ultra-fast nano-optics." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 04023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920504023.

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We develop a computational approach for ultrafast nano-optics based on first-principles time-dependent density functional theory. Solving Maxwell equations for light propagation and time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation for electron dynamics simultaneously, intense and ultrashort laser pulse interaction with a dielectric nano-structure is described taking full account of nonlinear effects. As an illustrative example, irradiation of a pulsed light on silicon nano-sphere system is presented.

30

Olyaee, Saeed. "Ultra-fast and compact all-optical encoder based on photonic crystal nano-resonator without using nonlinear materials." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.890.

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In this paper an ultra-compact all-optical encoder is presented by using a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The designed logic gate is based on the interference effect. The proposed structure consists of several photonic crystal waveguides connected by 2 nano-resonators. The nano-resonators are designed to reduce the size of the radius of the dielectric rods. The contrast ratios and delay time for the proposed all-optical encoder are respectively 6 dB and 125 fs. The size of the structure is equal to 132 µm2. Equality of the output power in the logic states “one”, the small dimensions, the low delay time, compact and simple structure have shown that the logic gate is suitable for the using in optical integrated circuits. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Salmanpour, Sh. Mohammadnejad, A. Bahrami, "Photonic crystal logic gates: an overview", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 2249 (2015). CrossRef S. C. Xavier, B. E. Carolin, A. p. Kabilan, W. Johnson, "Compact photonic crystal integrated circuit for all-optical logic operation", IET Optoelectronics. 10, 142 (2016). CrossRef Y. Miyoshi, K. Ikeda, H. Tobioka, T. Inoue, S. Namiki, K. Kitayama, "Ultrafast all-optical logic gate using a nonlinear optical loop mirror based multi-periodic transfer function", Optics Express. 16, 2570 (2008). CrossRef D. K. Gayen, A. Bhattachryya, T. Chattopadhyay, J. N. Roy, "Ultrafast All-Optical Half Adder Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer", Journal of Lightwave Technology. 30, 3387 (2012). CrossRef A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, "All-optical NOT and XOR logic gates using photonic crystal nano-resonator and based on an interference effect", IET Optoelectronics. 12, 191 (2018). CrossRef Z. Mohebbi, N. Nozhat, F. Emami, "High contrast all-optical logic gates based on 2D nonlinear photonic crystal", Optics Communications. 355, 130 (2015). CrossRef M. Mansouri-Birjandi, M. Ghadrdan, "Full-optical tunable add/drop filter based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators", Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications. 21, 44 (2016). CrossRef H. Alipour-Banaei, S. Serajmohammadi, F. Mehdizadeh, "Effect of scattering rods in the frequency response of photonic crystal demultiplexers", Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials. 17, 259 (2015). DirectLink A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, H. Arman, "Optical Biochemical Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Nano-ring Resonators for the Detection of Protein Concentration", Current Nanoscience. 13, 421 (2017). CrossRef S. Olyaee, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, "Designing a novel photonic crystal nano-ring resonator for biosensor application", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 1881 (2015). CrossRef F. Parandin, R. Malmir, M. Naseri, A. Zahedi, "Reconfigurable all-optical NOT, XOR, and NOR logic gates based on two dimensional photonic crystals", Superlattices and Microstructures. 113, 737 (2018). CrossRef F. Mehdizadeh, M. Soroosh, H. Alipour-Banaei, "Proposal for 4-to-2 optical encoder based on photonic crystals", IET Optoelectronics. 11, 29 (2017). CrossRef M. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, H. Alipour-Banaei, "A novel all optical reversible 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals", Optik. 126, 2368 (2015). CrossRef T. A. Moniem, "All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators", Journal of Modern Optics. 63, 735 (2016). CrossRef S. Gholamnejad, M. Zavvari, "Design and analysis of all-optical 4–2 binary encoder based on photonic crystal", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 49, 302 (2017). CrossRef H. Seif-Dargahi, "Ultra-fast all-optical encoder using photonic crystal-based ring resonators", Photonic Network Communications. 36, 272 (2018). CrossRef S. Olyaee, M. Seifouri, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, and M. Sardari, "Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 50, 12 (2018). CrossRef C. J. Wu, C. P. Liu, Z. Ouyang, "Compact and low-power optical logic NOT gate based on photonic crystal waveguides without optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials", Applied Optics.51, 680 (2012). CrossRef Y. C. Jiang, S. B. Liu, H. F. Zhang, X. K. Kong. "Realization of all optical half-adder based on self-collimated beams by two-dimensional photonic crystals", Optics Communications. 348, 90 (2015). CrossRef A. Salmanpour, S. Mohammadnejad, P. T. Omran, "All-optical photonic crystal NOT and OR logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonators", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 3689 (2015). CrossRef E. H. Shaik, N. Rangaswamy, "Single photonic crystal structure for realization of NAND and NOR logic functions by cascading basic gates", Journal of Computational Electronics. 17, 337 (2018). CrossRef

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Yang Lei, 杨磊, 徐新宇 Xu Xinyu, 王建磊 Wang Jianlei, 叶云霞 Ye Yunxia, 任旭东 Ren Xudong та 陈卫标 Chen Weibiao. "基于混合算法的高均匀度超快激光分束及精密加工研究". Chinese Journal of Lasers 50, № 16 (2023): 1602401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl221543.

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32

Altucci, Carlo, and Raffaele Velotta. "Ultra-fast dynamic imaging of matter." Journal of Modern Optics 57, no. 11 (June 20, 2010): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2010.493323.

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33

Staudte, André. "Ultra-fast Dynamic Imaging of Matter." Journal of Modern Optics 60, no. 17 (October 7, 2013): 1377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2013.851524.

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34

Zheng Kuang, Zheng Kuang, Dun Liu Dun Liu*, Walter Perrie Walter Perrie, Jian Cheng Jian Cheng, Shuo Shang Shuo Shang, S. P. Edwardson S. P. Edwardson, E. Fearon E. Fearon, G. Dearden G. Dearden, and K. G. Watkins K. G. Watkins. "Diffractive Multi-beam Ultra-fast Laser Micro-processing Using a Spatial Light Modulator(Invited Paper)." Chinese Journal of Lasers 36, no. 12 (2009): 3093–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093612.3093.

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35

Szkopek, Thomas. "Ultra-fast non-volatile memory." Nature Nanotechnology 16, no. 8 (June 7, 2021): 853–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00932-1.

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36

Ma, Zhenyu, Haili Yu, Kai Cui, Yang Yu, and Chen Tao. "Design and Study of a Two-Dimensional (2D) All-Optical Spatial Mapping Module." Sensors 24, no. 7 (March 30, 2024): 2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072219.

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Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography is one of the main emerging ultra-fast detection technologies that can be widely applicable to ultra-fast detection at the picosecond level in fields such as materials and life sciences. We propose a new optical structure for an all-optical spatial mapping module that can control the optical field of two-dimensional imaging while improving spectral resolution and detector sensor utilization. The model of optical parameters based on geometrical optics theory for the given structure has been established, and the theoretical analysis of the inter-frame energy crosstalk caused by incident beam spot width, chromatic aberration, and main errors of the periscope array has been conducted. The optical design of the two-dimensional (2D) all-optical spatial mapping module was finally completed using ZEMAX OpticStudio 2018 software. The results show that our optical module can realize targets of 16 frames and 1.25 nm spectral resolution.

37

Willemsen, Thomas, Marco Jupé, Mark Gyamfi, Sebastian Schlichting, and Detlev Ristau. "Enhancement of the damage resistance of ultra-fast optics by novel design approaches." Optics Express 25, no. 25 (December 7, 2017): 31948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.031948.

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38

Cerullo, G., G. Lanzani, M. Nisoli, E. Priori, S. Stagira, M. Zavelani-Rossi, O. Svelto, et al. "Ultra-fast spectroscopy and extreme nonlinear optics by few-optical-cycle laser pulses." Applied Physics B 71, no. 6 (December 2000): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400000465.

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39

Kong, Ling Bao, Chi Fai Cheung, Wing Bun Lee, and Sandy To. "A Framework of an Integrated Platform for Modelling and Measurement of Freeform Surface Generation in Ultra-Precision Raster Milling." Key Engineering Materials 339 (May 2007): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.339.422.

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This paper presents an integrated platform for modelling and measurement of freeform surface generation in ultra-precision raster milling. It is composed of several components which are optics design component, tool path generator, modelling system, measurement system, evaluation component, compensation component and optimization component, respectively. The research emphasizes on modelling and simulation of freeform surface generation, the prediction of the cutting performance and hence the optimization of cutting strategy in the ultra-precision raster milling of freeform surfaces. A measurement system is also proposed to carry out a fast and efficient measurement plan of freeform surfaces. Non-uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) will be employed for the development of the integrated platform which will meet Standard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP).

40

Liu, Zhichao, Feng Geng, Yaguo Li, Qinghua Zhang, Jian Wang, and Qiao Xu. "Transient Dynamics Measurement of Light-material Interaction for Laser Optics." EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921503005.

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Laser damage performance is an important parameter to evaluate the quality of high power laser optical components. Understanding the physical mechanism of the interaction between laser and optical material is of great significance for improving the laser damage resistance of optical elements. For nanosecond pulsed laser, the time duration of laser-induced damage is ultra-short, and the measurement of related physical quantities is very difficult. Therefore, the Time Resolved Pump and Probe (TRPP) technique can effectively solve this problem. TRPP shadow imaging can obtain the transient dynamic information in range of picosecond to microsecond, including the plasma formation in the early stage, the shock wave propagation, the crack expanding, material ejection and other phenomena. Moreover, the ultra-fast physical quantities can be accurately measured by employing two detective beams with perpendicular polarization directions, for example S and P polarization light. All those information provides effective experimental data to reveal the physical mechanism of damage process.

41

Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Diling Zhu, Thomas Kroll, Mathieu Chollet, Yiping Feng, James M. Glownia, et al. "Photon-in photon-out hard X-ray spectroscopy at the Linac Coherent Light Source." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 22, no. 3 (April 15, 2015): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515004488.

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X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) have opened unprecedented possibilities to study the structure and dynamics of matter at an atomic level and ultra-fast timescale. Many of the techniques routinely used at storage ring facilities are being adapted for experiments conducted at FELs. In order to take full advantage of these new sources several challenges have to be overcome. They are related to the very different source characteristics and its resulting impact on sample delivery, X-ray optics, X-ray detection and data acquisition. Here it is described how photon-in photon-out hard X-ray spectroscopy techniques can be applied to study the electronic structure and its dynamics of transition metal systems with ultra-bright and ultra-short FEL X-ray pulses. In particular, some of the experimental details that are different compared with synchrotron-based setups are discussed and illustrated by recent measurements performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source.

42

Yoneda, Hitoki, Yuichi Inubushi, Toshihiro Tanaka, Yuta Yamaguchi, Fumiya Sato, Shunsuke Morimoto, Taisuke Kumagai, et al. "Ultra-fast switching of light by absorption saturation in vacuum ultra-violet region." Optics Express 17, no. 26 (December 7, 2009): 23443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.023443.

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43

Tang Qi, 唐琦, 赵宗清 Zhao Zongqing, 苏明 Su Ming, and 彭晓世 Peng Xiaoshi. "Performance calculation of ultra fast neutron scintillator." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22, no. 6 (2010): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20102206.1243.

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44

Glesk, Ivan, Koo Kang, and Paul Prucnal. "Ultra-fast photonic packet switching with optical control." Optics Express 1, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.1.000126.

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45

Jiang, H. Y., L. S. Yan, Y. Pan, W. Pan, B. Luo, X. H. Zou, and B. J. Eggleton. "Microwave photonic comb filter with ultra-fast tunability." Optics Letters 40, no. 21 (October 20, 2015): 4895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.40.004895.

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46

Audier, Xavier, Naveen Balla, and Hervé Rigneault. "Pump-probe micro-spectroscopy by means of an ultra-fast acousto-optics delay line." Optics Letters 42, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.000294.

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47

Rodríguez, D. F., and P. M. Perillo. "Ultra-fast TiO2 nanopores broadband photodetector." Optical Materials 135 (January 2023): 113315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113315.

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48

Sparkes, Ben M., Daniel J. Thompson, Andrew J. McCulloch, Dene Murphy, Rory W. Speirs, Joshua S. J. Torrance, and Robert E. Scholten. "High-Coherence Electron and Ion Bunches From Laser-Cooled Atoms." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 4 (April 24, 2014): 1008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614000774.

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AbstractCold atom electron and ion sources produce electron bunches and ion beams by photoionization of laser-cooled atoms. They offer high coherence and the potential for high brightness, with applications including ultra-fast electron-diffractive imaging of dynamic processes at the nanoscale. The effective brightness of electron sources has been limited by nonlinear divergence caused by repulsive interactions between the electrons, known as the Coulomb explosion. It has been shown that electron bunches with ellipsoidal shape and uniform density distribution have linear internal Coulomb fields, such that the Coulomb explosion can be reversed using conventional optics. Our source can create bunches shaped in three dimensions and hence in principle achieve the transverse spatial coherence and brightness needed for picosecond-diffractive imaging with nanometer resolution. Here we present results showing how the shaping capability can be used to measure the spatial coherence properties of the cold electron source. We also investigate space-charge effects with ions and generate electron bunches with durations of a few hundred picoseconds. Future development of the cold atom electron and ion source will increase the bunch charge and charge density, demonstrate reversal of Coulomb explosion, and ultimately, ultra-fast coherent electron-diffractive imaging.

49

Grant, P. D., R. Dudek, M. Buchanan, L. Wolfson, and H. C. Liu. "An ultra fast quantum well infrared photodetector." Infrared Physics & Technology 47, no. 1-2 (October 2005): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2005.02.019.

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50

Petukhov, A. V., J. H. J. Thijssen, D. C. 't Hart, A. Imhof, A. van Blaaderen, I. P. Dolbnya, A. Snigirev, A. Moussaïd, and I. Snigireva. "Microradian X-ray diffraction in colloidal photonic crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 39, no. 2 (March 12, 2006): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889805041774.

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Ultra-high-resolution small-angle X-ray scattering in various colloidal photonic crystals is reported. It is demonstrated that an angular resolution of about two microradians is readily achievable at a third-generation synchrotron source using compound refractive optics. The scheme allows fast acquisition of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and can be realised at sample–detector separations of only a few metres. As a result, diffraction measurements in colloidal crystals with interplanar spacings larger than a micrometre, as well as determination of the range of various order parameters from the width of the Bragg peaks, are made possible.