Дисертації з теми "UK natural gas market"
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Nuriyev, G. "Economics of segmented natural gas market." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546401.
Повний текст джерелаBloemhof, Barbara Lynn Mestelman Stuart. "Market power and the sale of Ontario residential natural gas: An institutional analysis and a laboratory experiment." *McMaster only, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDahl, Hans Jørgen. "Norwegian natural gas transportation systems : Operations in a liberalized European gas market." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-552.
Повний текст джерелаThe main hypothesis tested in this work is:
“It is possible to operate future Norwegian natural gas transportation systems at a level that is approximately optimal, technically and economically, with major stakeholders duly attending to requirements specified in the Norwegian statutory framework and in the implemented “Gas Directive.”
In order to test this hypothesis a multidisciplinary systems approach has been applied that includes analyses based on fluidmechanics and thermodynamics, economic theory and constrained by the prevailing and future legislative requirements. Operational experiences and empirical data also support the analyses.
It is assumed in this work that the introduction of the European Union’s Gas Directive will result in some new or altered legal requirements for how to conduct future Norwegian natural gas transport operations. The work has identified these new requirements and the work has suggested realistic solutions for how to conduct future operations. The author therefore concludes that the main hypothesis above is true provided five recommendations are observed.
The first recommendation is to implement into the Norwegian legislation provisions that make possible two core requirements of the Gas Directive. The first provision is to allow domestic gas sellers to compete in the downstream market by marketing and selling their gas individually. The second provision is to allow access to the transportation systems for those stakeholders who according to the Gas Directive are defined as “eligible customers” and “natural gas undertakings”, i.e. the future shippers.
The second recommendation follows as consequence of the latter provision and it recommends the future Norwegian regulatory regime to incorporate three main features. First, the transportation system is to be operated by an organization unit that has a transparent account on its transportation services or alternatively by an organization (i.e. the operator) that is functionally separated from and does not participate in any gas marketing and sales activities.
Secondly, and due to the fact that the Norwegian natural gas transportation systems are highly physically integrated it is recommended to have one and only one transportation system operator. Only one operator will be in the best position to enhance cost efficiency in daily operations, energy efficiency, resource management in daily operations, optimized utilization and optimized gas blending.
Thirdly, new and altered transportation services must be designed to meet the future needs and requirements of the shippers and these services must be offered to all shippers. The latter feature is elaborated in the third recommendation.
The third recommendation is to redefine and develop new transportation services that support shippers’ elastic demands for transportation services, both during periods of sufficient capacity as well as during peak load periods.
The above recommendation will imply that the future transportation services must comprise firm services i.e. booked and guaranteed transportation, and interruptible services i.e. transportation being interrupted either during off-peak periods or during peak periods as well as peak load services i.e. transportation services offered during peak load periods. The services must be offered to all shippers in an equal and impartial manner and be supported by a transparent and feasible tariff and toll regime. The toll regime must feature several properties that ensure recovery of fixed costs, cost efficiency in operations and maintenance, and rationing efficiency and this work recommends that the future toll regime shall be reasonable and fair and cost-based.
This work has identified that the existing toll regime does not feature all of the above properties and this work therefore suggests that the existing toll regime is re-designed and extended to include new elements. The first recommendation is to re-design the existing toll formula so that it acts as a two-part toll for firm capacity.
The fixed part of the toll shall act as a booking charge or capacity charge and it shall cover the financial costs based on the historic investment costs for the pipeline systems. It shall also include the fixed (annual) operations and maintenance costs, and any new costs for incremental new investments. The variable part of the toll may be set equal to average marginal costs per unit of gas, or be paid “in kind” as done in the current regime.
Further, a unitization of the fixed part of the firm toll is suggested here. The unitization shall include all pipelines that comprise the dry gas system. This means that the fixed part of the firm toll shall be calculated as an average fixed toll based on the historic investment costs for all the pipelines included. The unitization schema shall include the existing ship-or-pay contracts and any new firm contracts in the dry gas system.
The unitization will accomplish a possibility for eliminating specific shipper’s preferences for where to physically route gas in the dry gas system. This will subsequently improve rationing efficiency at high levels of utilization of the system when there is a concurrent need for auctioning of spare capacity. This is due to the physical behavior of the integrated system as any “internal” pre-booked routing in the system effectively may reduce the total throughput and thus a rationing efficient utilization of the system.
The above recommendations mean that the firm toll shall be charged as a “postage-stamp” toll for all pipeline systems comprising the dry gas systems. This means in practical terms that the dry gas system is to be considered as one zone only and pre-defined entry points and exit points must be established.
As a consequence of unitizing the toll for firm capacity either a unitization of the ownership structure must be done or a payment mechanism must be in force that secures the pipeline owners no extra profit or loss due to the introduction of unitization.
A new two-part toll formula that in its form is equal to the firm capacity toll is recommended for covering interruptible off-peak services. It is recommended to set the fixed part of the toll lower than the fixed part of the firm toll.
A new toll must be developed and be based on auctioning principles for allocation of spare capacity in the system during peak load periods. In order to facilitate the auction a tool is required for predicting the level of spare capacity that is available from time to time. This tool is also needed for optimizing the total throughput based on the different auction bids. In a similar manner as for the firm toll, the auction bids shall refer to a unitized dry gas system and the bids shall refer to transportation requests between any of the pre-defined entry and exits points. No shipper shall thus have a right to specify “internal” routing in the dry gas system.
The total revenues for the pipeline system owners shall not yield higher profits than the allowable regulated return and the balance shall be levied – at least in theory – the firm transportation shippers only. It is recommended to conduct such reallocations of revenues periodically.
The fourth recommendation is related to the necessity of changing documents and requirements, altering organizational forms and working processes, and how current incentive structures will be affected. All these issues will be influenced by an implementation of the Gas Directive. The work has briefly discussed these issues, but due to the many uncertainties no detailed assessments are conducted or recommendations given. The work has however indicated that a majority of the documents assessed in this work must be revised and updated to reflect the new requirements caused by liberalization. It is recommended here that the governing documents more clearly specify which new responsibilities the independent transportation system operator shall be assigned. A vital area of concern is how the transportation system operator and the shippers’ and sellers’ dispatching representatives shall communicate and perform their duties in the future. To day these functions are highly integrated, but liberalization will make them counterparts.
Further, a detailed specification of the future working processes for the independent transportation system operator must be clarified. This applies especially for the how to optimize the operations in a liberalized context. New and carefully designed incentives are needed for enhancing optimal usage of the network during capacity constraints.
The last recommendation regards allocative and dynamic efficiency in a liberalized context. In the prevailing regime the individual company acts normally both as shipper and pipeline system owner. This regime ensures proper incentives for cost efficient development of new capacity and cost efficient operations and this regime may continue to exist in a liberalized context. This regime will continue to create proper incentives for allocative and dynamic efficiently in a liberalized context as well.
Further, in order to enhance allocative and dynamic efficiency on the Norwegian Continental Shelf a centralized planning and development system must be in force in order to secure resource management and utilization of the significant conditions for economy of scale. The transportation system operator must have a close liaison with these functions in order to share information about operational experiences, capacity constraints and shadow prices on capacity of constraints.
Finally, the work has provided several observations that show how a systems approach is quite attractive for finding solutions to complex and multidisciplinary problems as considered in this work. The systems approach applied here consists of two engineering processes comprising well-defined activities. These activities comprise assessment of information, definition of effectiveness measures and creation of information models. Trade-offs are identified between contradicting requirements and the outcome of the processes is accurate descriptions of the systems operations in the prevailing context and to some extent also in a future context. The systems engineering processes have included several methodologies to solve specific tasks. Several analyses based on economic and technical theories are included, as imperative activities required for solving the problems.
The ultimate results of a systems approach are solutions that go beyond traditional and non-disciplinary approaches. This is particularly true if the objective is to find concrete and sound solutions applicable in a “real-world” context where specific stakeholders’ needs and legal requirements are present and well defined. Several observations are provided in the work showing how economic analyses are improved by combining them with technical theory, empirical data, operational experiences and last but not least: legal requirements.
Easaw, Joshy Zachariah. "Network access regulation and competition policy : the UK contract gas market." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30156.
Повний текст джерелаRüster, Sophia. "Vertical Structures in the Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-38831.
Повний текст джерелаRikter-Svendsen, Torstein, Cecilie Nilsen Kielland, and Bjørn Heineman. "Price-Volatility Modeling in the US Natural Gas Market." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21064.
Повний текст джерелаJonsson, Bo. "Natural gas in the Asian Pacific region : market behavior and the Japanese electricity market /." Luleå, 2001. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2001/17/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаZhuang, Jifang. "A stochastic equilibrium model for the North American natural gas market." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2885.
Повний текст джерелаThesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Cahill, Steven. "Efficient Market Forecasts Utilizing NYMEX Futures and Options." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36816.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Arts
MENDES, ANDRE GUSTAVO S. TEIXEIRA. "IMPACTS DUE TO THE CREATION OF A SECONDARY MARKET OF NATURAL GAS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9444@1.
Повний текст джерелаO desenvolvimento da indústria de Gás Natural pelo mundo resultou em um processo de integração entre os setores de gás natural e eletricidade em diversos países. Entretanto, em alguns casos, como o Brasil, apesar de a demanda de gás para uso convencional (industrial, comercial, residencial, GNV) ter crescido a taxas relativamente altas, ela sozinha ainda não justifica novos grandes investimentos na produção e no transporte de gás. Verifica-se que, neste caso, o setor de energia desempenha um papel indispensável por se tratar do maior mercado potencial de gás natural, com a escala suficiente para ser a âncora de demanda que viabiliza os investimentos em produção e transporte do gás. Todavia, devido à predominância hidrológica no sistema elétrico Brasileiro, o despacho das térmicas é bastante volátil e, por conseqüência, o consumo de gás das térmicas é bastante variável. Assim, o produtor de gás está sujeito a um fluxo de caixa muito volátil e incerto e cláusulas de compra compulsória de gás (takeor-pay) e de remuneração do custo da infra-estrutura (ship-or-pay) são observadas. Enquanto estas cláusulas trazem certeza necessária para viabilizar a produção, elas oneram excessivamente os custos das Usinas Térmicas, que se vêem obrigadas a pagar pelo combustível e, portanto, gerar, mesmo quando o preço da energia esteja inferior ao seu custo marginal de produção. Tendo em vista este cenário, foi recentemente discutida no âmbito do Governo Federal a criação de um mercado flexível de gás natural, onde contratos interruptiveis de gás (lastreados no take-or-pay das térmicas) seriam fornecidos a consumidores industriais. Nestes contratos, o fornecimento seria interrompido se a Usina Térmica fosse despachada. O objetivo desta tese é analisar a criação deste mercado sob a ótica dos consumidores. Será verificada a disposição a pagar por um contrato interruptível de gás levando em consideração a incerteza associada ao suprimento (que depende da prioridade de uso do gás pelas térmicas) e o perfil de risco destes consumidores.
With the development of the gas industry worldwide, a process of strengthening the integration between the natural gas and the electricity sectors is underway in several countries. However, although gas demand has been growing at relatively high rates, this demand growth solely is unlikely to justify new large investments in gas production and transportation. This means that the power sector ends up being the largest potential market for natural gas, with the needed scale to provide the necessary anchor demand to spur these production and infrastructure investments. The hydro predominance in the country creates volatility on the dispatch of the gas-fired plants, which ends up creating an undesirable (from the gas-sector point of view) volatility in the natural gas consumption. Since the gas-market is still incipient, gas contracts are typically of long-term with high take or pay and ship or pay clauses to ensure financing of the production- transportation infrastructure. From the power sector point of view, these clauses are undesirable: due to the uncertainty of dispatch gas-based generators want to negotiate a higher flexibility. As such, the aim of this work is to determine the impacts due to the creation of a flexible (secondary) gas market from the costumers´ point of view. It will be also developed the costumers´ willto- contract curve, which will take into account the uncertainty of thermoelectric dispatch (that rules the gas availability over this new proposed market) and the risk-profile of costumers.
Dietsch, Marcel. "The political economy of natural gas producer cooperation : cartelisation and market power." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0454e490-1583-45af-aa70-83526dbcd4af.
Повний текст джерелаPomatailla, Gálvez Fernando. "The Secondary Market of Natural Gas. Operation and Aspects to be Implemented to Achieve an Efficient Market." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118752.
Повний текст джерелаEl presente artículo describe la creación y funcionamiento de un mercado que viene funcionando hace muy poco tiempo en el país. A través de este artículo se podrá conocer las etapas para la implementación de este mercado que se inicia con acuerdos bilaterales de venta de gas natural y capacidad de transporte entre los agentes participantes, para posteriormente dar paso a las subastas electrónicas del día a día. Asimismo, se conocerá las principales disposiciones contractuales que suelen incorporarse en los acuerdos bilaterales de transferencia de capacidad de transporte. Finalmente, se analizarán dos deficiencias importantes ocurridas en estos años de funcionamiento, como son la restricción para la transferencia de volúmenes de gas natural y la no inclusión en este mercado de excedentes de capacidad del servicio de distribución por redes de ductos contratado por los consumidores.
Orlova, Ekaterina. "Three essays on gas market liberalization." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17210.
Повний текст джерелаTo study the impact of the liberalization of EU natural gas markets on the power of market players we develop a disaggregated model of the Eurasian natural gas supply system. We model interdependenices among the players as a cooperative game for which we consider various solutions: the Shapley value, the nucleolus and the core. In the first paper we study regional impact of liberalization of access to transmission networks, incentives for mergers and cartels. In the second paper we study the impact of liberalization on the balance of power between ''local champions'', customers, and outside producers, such as Russian Gazprom. We distinguish between two steps of the reform: 1. opening access to transit pipes and 2. opening access to distribution systems, hence customers. Using the Shapley value, we find a modest and rather heterogeneous impact from the first step. The impact of the second step is much larger and yields a clear pattern: all local champions lose, while all customers and all outside producers gain. As one third of the losses of champions within EU leaks to players abroad, current reforms might enhance the dominance of already powerful outside producers. When we apply the nucleolus, in contrast, full liberalization does not benefit outside producers at all. In the third paper we focus on the relation of the Shapley value and the nucleolus to the core. For our model the Shapley value is never in the core. To evaluate the degree of instability of a payoff allocation which is not in the core, we propose an extension of the strong epsilon-core and consider three metrics. We find that liberalization increases the degree of instability of the Shapley value for all metrics. We show that liberalization compresses the core, but not always the nucleolus corresponds well to the shifts in the minimal and maximal values of players in the core.
Whiteford, James Raymond George. "Security analysis of the interaction between the UK gas and electricity transmission systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6274.
Повний текст джерелаDemir, Onur. "Natural gas market reform in Turkey : a critical review of progress toward liberalisation and the gas target model." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/701895/.
Повний текст джерелаDemir, Onur. "Natural gas market reform in Turkey: a critical review of progress toward liberalisation and the gas target model." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/701895/1/Demir_2016.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMajasan, Folashade A. "What is the impact of oil price movement on sectoral natural gas consumption in the UK?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510631.
Повний текст джерелаAvalos, Roger George. "Pipeline constraints in wholesale natural gas markets: effects on regional pricing and market integration." Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/avalos/AvalosR0512.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNwankwo, Jonathan Emeka. "Gas utilization in Nigeria : an economic comparison of gas-to-liquid and liquefied natural gas technologies / J.E. Nwankwo." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2056.
Повний текст джерелаIbata, Bi-Dia-Ayo. "The natural gas market in the republic of Congo : to develop or not to develop?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510689.
Повний текст джерелаSinghal, Ankit. "Biomethane to Natural Gas Grid Injection : A Technological Innovation System Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-109530.
Повний текст джерелаEuropean Project Titled "GreenGasGrids"
Oyovwevotu, Joy Sunday. "The social construction of technical innovation in the UK oil and gas industry." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1112.
Повний текст джерелаSchulte, Simon [Verfasser], and Marc Oliver [Gutachter] Bettzüge. "Essays on supply diversification of the European natural gas market / Simon Schulte ; Gutachter: Marc Oliver Bettzüge." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201085888/34.
Повний текст джерелаFazzio, Thomas J. (Thomas Joseph). "A statistical analysis of the natural gas futures market : the interplay of sentiment, volatility and prices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59118.
Повний текст джерелаVita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-71).
This paper attempts to understand the price dynamics of the North American natural gas market through a statistical survey that includes an analysis of the variables influencing the price and volatility of this energy market. The analysis develops a theoretical model for the conditional reactions to weekly natural gas inventory reports, and develops an extended theory of errors in natural gas inventory estimates. The central objective of this thesis is to answer the fundamental question of whether the volatility of natural gas futures are conditional on the season or the level of the natural gas in inventory and how accurate are analysts at forecasting the inventory level. Commodity prices are volatile, and volatility itself varies over time. I examine the role of volatility in shortrun natural gas market dynamics and the determinants of error in inventory estimates leading to this variance. I develop a structural model that equates the conditional volatility response to the error made in analyst forecasts, inherently relating analyst sentiment to volatility and price discovery. I find that in the extremes of the inventory cycle (i.e., near peak injection/withdraw) that variance is particularly strong, and significantly higher than non-announcement days. The high announcement day volatility reflects larger price changes. With statistical significance, we can conclude that when the natural gas market is under-supplied, the near-term Henry Hub Natural Gas futures contract becomes nearly twice as volatile than in an oversupplied market. Furthemore, analysts are more prone to make errors in their estimates of weekly inventory levels around these same time periods. Natural gas is an essential natural resource and is used in myriad aspects of the global economy and society. As we look to develop more sustainable energy policies, North America's abundant clean-burning natural gas will hold an essential role in helping us to secure our future energy independence. An ability to understand the factors influencing it is supply and demand, and thus price, are and will continue to be essential.
by Thomas J. Fazzio.
M.B.A.
Oworu, Oluwaseun Ayodeji. "Evolving nature of natural gas : How likely is its move from a regional to a global market." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510642.
Повний текст джерелаKatolická, Sylvie. "Mezinárodně-politický a ekonomický aspekt ruského zemního plynu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17720.
Повний текст джерелаLeal, Fernando Inti. "Economic and regulatory analysis of natural gas in Brazil: electricity generation, infrastructure, and energy integration." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-06022019-101324/.
Повний текст джерелаAs descobertas de substanciais reservatórios de gás natural no Brasil, localizados em águas ultra profundas após a camada Pré-Sal, demonstram um cenário promissor, aliado a investimentos estratégicos e a políticas públicas adequadas, para o desenvolvimento da infraestrutura de gás natural e uma transição sustentável na matriz elétrica brasileira. Tal transição deveria ocorrer por intermédio do uso de tubulação transnacional de gás natural, conectada a grandes instalações industriais e a usinas termelétricas, como parte de um planejamento estratégico voltado à expansão do uso de gás natural na indústria e a evitar a escassez no suprimento de energia elétrica, com vantagens econômicas e ambientais. Considerando que os debates mais relevantes do novo milênio estão focados na globalização e no desenvolvimento sustentável das nações, a integração transnacional na América Latina tem recebido crescente atenção por parte de pesquisadores e de elaboradores das políticas públicas. Nesse contexto geral, a proposta da presente pesquisa foi a de desenvolver um modelo para estudar, de uma forma comparativa, a geração termelétrica, bem como analisar o impacto do arcabouço jurídico-regulatório e das políticas governamentais no desenvolvimento da infraestrutura e do mercado do gás natural no Brasil, com um estudo detalhado dos mais relevantes mecanismos regulatórios e de mercado. Foi realizado, ainda, um comparativo da legislação regulatória do gás natural no Brasil com outros Estados-Membros relevantes do Mercosul. O estudo também avalia as sanções impostas pela Resolução ANEEL n. 583 de 2013 nos fornecedores, devido a corte no suprimento de gás natural para empreendimentos de geração termelétrica, propondo um cálculo alternativo visando a mitigar a influência das médias e outros parâmetros intrínsecos ao mercado de energia, dessa maneira reduzindo as sanções contratuais para o fornecedor de gás natural, sem prejudicar a neutralidade contratual. Diferentes fatores foram analisados de forma a determinar qual tecnologia seria a mais eficiente em termos de custos nivelados de eletricidade. Os resultados indicaram que as termelétricas a gás natural são muito competitivas e eficientes, quando comparadas com outros tipos de combustível, tanto pelo aspecto ambiental quanto pelo econômico, mesmo quando externalidades são incluídas. Ainda, que são necessárias mudanças nas políticas regulatórias e no investimento estratégico por parte dos agentes do mercado, de forma a incentivar o desenvolvimento de infraestrutura e a expansão do uso do gás natural no Brasil. O estudo também evidencia que o impacto ambiental do vazamento de CH4 se iguala àquele do CO2 liberado pela combustão em cerca de 4.2% em base mássica, quando o vazamento de metano atinge um nível em que seu impacto como gás do efeito estufa fica equivalente à biomassa.
Hiteva, Ralitsa. "Geographies of energy governance : negotiating low-carbon infrastructure in the European Union." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/geographies-of-energy-governance--negotiating-lowcarbon-infrastructure-in-the-european-union(fd46a8e3-ae8d-40d7-a456-7198e7f60f87).html.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Luciana Nic?cio. "Fatores de sucesso no desenvolvimento de novos produtos em pequenas empresas: um estudo de caso em um fabricante de equipamentos para g?s natural veicular." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14980.
Повний текст джерелаThis study presents itself as a contribution to the solidification of the Natural Gas industry, within the scope of the development of new products. The goal of this paper is to analyze the factors that lead to the success of new products through the evaluation of the activities done during the process of development of these products in the Natural Gas sector. To achieve this goal a case study was done in a small company of this segment. At first, as a basis for the study, a bibliographical research was done with books, theses, dissertations, monographies, publications in national and international periodicals, congress annals and publications in the internet related to the subject. Afterwards, a case study was done, aiming at the acquisition of further knowledge about the real process of development of products in a small company of the Natural Gas sector, allowing for the performance of the evaluation. The case study was done at Gas Project and Systems do Brasil, a company that works with the development of electronic equipment to the conversion of car engines to natural gas, through direct observations and interviews with the person responsible for the development and management of products. Through the evaluation of the process it was observed that the activities related to it are done in an informal way and some activities are considered unnecessary for their success. The results also suggest an emphasis in the technological activities, something that was not observed in the activities related to the market. The instruments used in this evaluation prove to be efficient to evaluate the process of development of new products in other companies, including those of different areas. Taking into account the relevance of the studied theme to the strengthening of the Natural Gas industry, it is necessary to do further complementary studies
O presente estudo apresenta-se como uma contribui??o ? solidifica??o da Ind?stria de G?s Natural, no ?mbito do desenvolvimento de novos produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os fatores que conduzem ao sucesso de novos produtos, atrav?s da avalia??o das atividades realizadas durante o processo de desenvolvimento desses produtos, no setor de G?s Natural. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma pequena empresa deste segmento. Para fundamentar o estudo, foi realizada, inicialmente, uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica em livros, teses, disserta??es, monografias, artigos em peri?dicos nacionais e internacionais, anais de congressos, publica??es dispon?veis na internet, relacionadas ao tema de interesse. Posteriormente, foi realizado o estudo de caso visando obter um maior conhecimento sobre um processo real de desenvolvimento de produtos, em uma pequena empresa, no setor de G?s Natural, permitindo a realiza??o da avalia??o. O estudo de caso foi realizado na Gas Project & Systems do Brasil, empresa que atua no desenvolvimento de equipamentos eletr?nicos para convers?o automotiva em G?s Natural, a partir de observa??es e entrevistas com o respons?vel pelo gerenciamento e desenvolvimento de produtos. A empresa em estudo ? a ?nica do Nordeste a fabricar equipamentos que comp?em o kit de convers?o. Atrav?s da avalia??o do processo foi observado que as atividades a ele relacionadas s?o realizadas de maneira informal e algumas delas s?o consideradas desnecess?rias para o sucesso dos mesmos. Os resultados sugerem, tamb?m, uma ?nfase nas atividades tecnol?gicas, o que n?o foi observado para as atividades ligadas ao mercado. Os instrumentos utilizados para esta avalia??o mostram-se eficientes para avaliar o processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos em outras empresas, inclusive de diferentes ?reas. Diante da relev?ncia do tema em estudo para o fortalecimento da Ind?stria de G?s Natural, faz-se necess?ria a realiza??o de estudos posteriores que o complementem
Malmström, Martin, and Henrik Orre. "The driving forces on the Swedish compressed natural gas market and the impact on OKQ8's strategy : A qualitative study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127163.
Повний текст джерелаTörnmarck, Karl. "The Directive on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure : An analysis of its effects on the market uptake of natural gas vehicles." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230168.
Повний текст джерелаBøgeberg, Ingunn Syrstad. "Energising Europe : A qualitative study of the consequences of EU liberalisation for the Norwegian gas regime." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for historiske studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25365.
Повний текст джерелаKvapil, Jaroslav. "Cesta k udržení vedoucí pozice společnosti RWE na trhu zemního plynu v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199069.
Повний текст джерелаČerniauskas, Justas. "Lietuvos suskystintų gamtinių dujų terminalo tiesioginės ekonominės įtakos gamtinių dujų kainų pokyčiams Lietuvoje vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140127_132048-25937.
Повний текст джерелаThis Master thesis contains: presentation of global natural gas market functioning model and LNGT technology impact on this market, as well as regions according to their infrastructure of gas transportation; creation of economic model for calculating natural gas import prices forecasts and forecasts for prices of regulated LNGT services in Lithuania; presentation of economic problems of LNGT impact on natural gas prices in Lithuania (as an isolated market) and considering the results of empirical research, suggestions of possible actions for market players and third parties after Lithuanian LNGT begins its operations in December, 2014. The first part of the thesis includes examination of global natural gas market functioning, the relations between its main components (extraction, transportation, consumption in domestic markets) and influence of the new technologies for each of them. The second part analyses Lithuanian natural gas market: its legal, economic and political environment, as well as presents LNG perspectives in Lithuania. The third part consists of introducing the economic LNGT services’ price model which was created by author of this thesis in collaboration with specialists of National control commission for prices and energy, also the methodology of calculating forecasts for natural gas import prices, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as other methods which were employed to solve the main problem of the Master thesis in the last part of this work.
Dukhanina, Ekaterina. "Integration of gas markets : Europe and beyond." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM013.
Повний текст джерелаThe liberalization and the globalization of natural gas markets have promoted a fair amount of research on the topic of market integration. The thesis contributes to this research and investigates the integration of natural gas markets at three different levels: local (within a country), global and between internal and external markets of a country. We first clarify the definition of integration and identify methodologies for its assessment. Then, using a methodology based on the spatial equilibrium theory, we evaluate the impact on market integration of a policy decision to merge gas-trading zones in France. After that, we estimate the degree of integration of the global gas market. Finally, we explore the integration of internal and external (export) markets for a net gas exporting country, experiencing liberalization reforms, and shed light on the outcome of the reforms and their impact on the country’s export strategy
Giľaková, Daniela. "Liberalizácia plynárenstva v EÚ." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136340.
Повний текст джерелаCorlu, Huseyin Cagri. "The application of anti-manipulation law to EU wholesale energy markets and its interplay with EU competition law." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30135.
Повний текст джерелаCoulon, Michael. "Modelling price dynamics through fundamental relationships in electricity and other energy markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ddc11641-920f-461f-85cd-a9e6351d9104.
Повний текст джерелаHylmarová, Šárka. "Vybrané aspekty energetické politiky EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85401.
Повний текст джерелаKedidir, Mansour. "Le gaz naturel algérien dans la sécurité énergétique de l'Union Européenne : un enjeu géopolitique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20033.
Повний текст джерелаAfter the National Independence (1962), Algeria was dealing with the difficulties of developing its gas potential. In order to escape the French hegemony of its hydrocarbons resources, Algeria decided to place and invest its gas resources in the US market. This economic option was motivated by the urgent need to develop the LNG industry and to maximize incomes in order to improve the national economic development. After the failure of this economic option, Algeria got back to the European market. Since then, EU – Algeria economic relations have been intensified. Nowadays, Algeria is considered as a strategic EU partner, in the field of energy resources. Does this situation enable Algeria to supply the European economy with gas for a long time? Given the international constraints related to the management of the energy sector, competition from both Russia and Qatar and the new discovered gas reserves in Eastern Mediterranean basin, does the Algerian gas and its importance in EU energy security represent a geopolitical issue?This thesis aims to examin the pertinence of this issue. It seeks to respond to questions related to the various policies initiated by Algeria for more than half a century, to Algeria’s strategy to maintain its position as the third strategic gas supplier of Europe, and to the European energy dependence and its geopolitical perceptions towards its suppliers (especially Russia and the South side of Mediterranean basin producers)
Matthiesen, Henning [Verfasser], Jörg Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Terhechte, Thomas [Gutachter] Schomerus, and Thomas [Gutachter] Wein. "The Interplay Between European Merger Control Law and the Liberalisation of European Electricity, Natural Gas and Petroleum Markets : A Critical Assessment of Market Opening Incidental Provisions within the Relevant Decisions of the European Commission / Henning Matthiesen ; Gutachter: Thomas Schomerus, Thomas Wein ; Betreuer: Jörg Philipp Terhechte." Lüneburg : Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226425615/34.
Повний текст джерелаKovačovská, Lenka. "Role a vliv zájmových skupin v procesu formování vnitřního trhu s elektřinou a zemním plynem EU. Případová studie přípravy a schvalování 3. liberalizačního balíčku." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-163046.
Повний текст джерелаVolkov, Aleksandr. "Le régime juridique des relations gazières entre la Russie, l'Union Européenne et les pays membres de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe current legal rules restrain the development of both frameworks now existing – that is, long-term contracts and opened-up markets. The solution to this problem could be the maintain of the first group of relations and the development of the second group. Therefore, it is important to suggest an alternative framework. The basis of such alternative framework could be fixed in an international treaty between Russia, EU and the member-states. This new regulation will also require the adjustment of the local legislation
Hollingsworth, Brian. "Resource Nationalism and Energy Integration in Latin America: The Paradox of Populism." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3790.
Повний текст джерелаMoya, Juan, and Johannes Östlund. "Finansmarknadens reaktioner på naturkatastrofer förorsakade av enskilda bolag : En eventstudie av katastrofen i den Mexikanska golfen 2010." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5787.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: On the 20th April 2010, the BP oil platform Deepwater Horizon, situated in the Mexican Gulf, exploded. The explosion was caused by methanol gas that, under high pressure expanded and thereafter ignited. The platform submerged and caused a severe and uncontrollable oil leakage at 1500 meters depth.It is obvious that the explosion in the Mexican Gulf has impacted BP in a negative manner and cause BP large financial loss, the company shares had at its worst point depreciated by 60 percent. It may be of interest to investigate whether this catastrophe, caused by one independent party, also have affected other companies within the Oil and Gas industry. Purpose: The aim of this assignment is to investigate whether BP’s catastrophe in the Mexican Gulf has affected other companies within the same industry. (Oil and Gas) Methodology: Secondary data is presented as a quantitative approach in the shape of values and we use a deductive approach in order to draw the conclusions.The methodology used in this study is event study, in which calculation of the abnormal and expected revenue are based on the market model. We will test two types of hypothesis, where the aim of Hypothesis I is to test in which way information about the event in the Mexican Gulf affects other companies in the same industry as BP. The aim of Hypothesis II is to test the same companies during the same period as Hypothesis I, but with a focus on analyzing trading volume instead of the stock market value. Theory: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Random Walk and Herd Behavior Conclusion: Both investigations, i.e. Hypothesis I and Hypothesis II indicate that the event has had an impact on other companies in the same industry. We could, in a comparative analysis with earlier studies, based on other catastrophes, conclude that the event demonstrates similarities as well as differences.
Vrabcová, Klára. "Finanční analýza společnosti E.On Energie, a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113275.
Повний текст джерелаMüllerová, Petra. "Kritická analýza energetické politiky EU a její dopady na tržní subjekty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222871.
Повний текст джерелаJohansson, Maria. "Improved Energy Efficiency and Fuel Substitution in the Iron and Steel Industry." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105849.
Повний текст джерелаHalterna av växthusgaserna koldioxid (CO2), metan och kväveoxider har under de senaste 800 000 åren aldrig varit högre i atmosfären än vad de är idag. Detta resultat redovisades i IPCCs klimatrapport år 2013. CO2-koncentrationen har ökat med 40 % sedan förindustriell tid och denna ökning beror till största delen på förbränning av fossila bränslen. Ökade koncentrationer av växthusgaser leder till högre global medeltemperatur vilket i sin tur resulterar i klimatförändringar. För att bromsa klimatförändringarna är det viktigt att vi arbetar för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Industrin står för 20 % av de globala utsläppen av CO2 och järn- och stålindustrin står för 30 % av industrins utsläpp. Järn- och stålindustrin är i dag till stor del beroende av fossila bränslen och el för sin energiförsörjning. Energieffektiviseringsåtgärder och byte av fossila bränslen mot förnybar energi i järn- och stålindustrin skulle kunna bidra till minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser. Denna avhandling studerar åtgärder för effektivare energianvändning och möjligheter för bränslebyte i järn- och stålindustrin. Avhandlingen fokuserar på återvinning och utnyttjande av överskottsenergier och ersättning av fossila bränslen med biomassa. Energisystemanalys har använts för att undersöka hur förändringar i järn- och stålindustrins energisystem skulle påverka ekonomin och de globala utsläppen av CO2. Avhandlingen studerar också betydelsen av energiledning och nätverkande för att uppnå en effektivare energianvändning. Fokus har här varit på att studera hur energiansvariga resonerar kring varför energieffektiviseringsåtgärder genomförs eller varför de inte genomförs. Djupintervjuer med energiansvariga vid elva svenska stålverk genomfördes för att analysera denna fråga. För att ge ett exempel på den stora outnyttjade potentialen av överskottsvärme från industrin analyserades potentialen i Gävleborgs län. Möjligheterna att använda överskottsvärmen som fjärrvärme eller för att producera el analyserades. Här visar resultaten att fjärrvärmeproduktionen skulle bli mer än tre gånger så stor som elproduktionen. En ekonomisk utvärdering gjordes där tre tekniker för produktion av el från lågtempererad industriell överskottsvärme jämfördes. Resultaten visar att elproduktion med organisk Rankine-cykel eller en så kallad fasändringsmaterialmotor kan vara lönsam, men att termoelektrisk elproduktion inte är lönsam med dagens teknik och prisnivåer. Det är möjligt att ersätta en del av det fossila kolet i masugnen med träkol och på detta sätt introducera förnybar energi i stålindustrin. Man kan också ersätta gasol som används som bränsle i stålindustrins värmningsugnar med syntesgas eller syntetisk naturgas (SNG) som produceras genom förgasning av biomassa. Under de antaganden som gjorts i avhandlingen skulle det dock inte vara lönsamt för det skrotbaserade stålverk som studerats att ersätta gasolen med bio-SNG. För att uppnå lönsamhet behövs i detta fall ekonomiska styrmedel. Hur olika åtgärder påverkar de globala utsläppen av CO2 beror till stor del på hur framtidens energimarknad ser ut. Elproduktion från industriell överskottsvärme skulle minska de globala CO2-utsläppen i alla scenarier som studerats, men för de andra åtgärderna varierar resultaten beroende på vilka antaganden som gjorts. Resultaten från intervjustudien visar att svensk stålindustri anser att energifrågan är viktig, men det finns fortfarande mycket att göra för att effektivisera energianvändningen i denna sektor. Flera av de intervjuade arbetade bara deltid med energifrågor och de upplevde att tidsbrist hindrade dem från ett effektivt energiledningsarbete. En rekommendation till företagen är därför att anställa en energiansvarig på heltid och/eller fler personer som kan arbeta med energifrågor. Det bör också läggas mer resurser på att engagera och utbilda anställda för att på så sätt introducera en företagskultur som främjar effektiv energianvändning.
Hill, Mark. "The British North Sea: The Importance Of And Factors Affecting Tax Revenue From Oil Production." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4229.
Повний текст джерелаHsin-Lun, Hsieh, and 謝幸倫. "The Research of Global Natural Gas Market - with Analysis of Taiwan Natural Gas Market." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x664qu.
Повний текст джерела東吳大學
國際經營與貿易學系
101
Because of global climate change and the lack of international energy supply, many countries chose using more natural gas than coal to limit the emission of greenhouse gas. Natural gas is a clean energy with high efficiency, and low pollution. In recent years, in addition to existing countries producing natural gas, a so-called “unconventional gas” is also produced a lot. In North America, production of unconventional gas has risen rapidly, and is expected to dominate the overall US natural gas production in the coming years and decades. U.S. is able to become a net exporter, and the former exporter in the Middle East may also be forced looking to China and other countries. In terms of prices, the prices of natural gas in the three regions (North America, Europe and Asia Pacific) also may be affected by supply, demand and crude oil prices. This thesis studies two themes of supply-demand relationship and price in the natural gas industry. There are six key points for this purpose: 1.Utilizing the secondary data to explore the generation, storage and transportation of natural gas. 2.To research the supply of conventional and unconventional gas by countries. 3.To research the demand by countries. 4.To analyze the trade situation by combining the supply and demand by countries. 5.To observe whether the natural gas price change is affected by inter-regional price and crude oil price or not. 6.To research Taiwan natural gas market, and using SWOT model to give some suggestions to this program for future development.