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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 вересня 2023

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1

Ali, Muhammad Sher Baz, Ashfaque Ahmad Shah, and Muhammad Sarwar. "Analysis of MPhil/PhD Supervisor's Relationship Development and Communication Competence." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-i).43.

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The purpose of this research was to analyse the relationship development and communication competence of MPhil/PhD supervisors. A confirmatory mixed-methods research design was used to conduct the study in two stages. For both phases, 360 MPhil/PhD graduates and 72 supervisors were selected from four public universities in Punjab using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected electronically from 239 MPhil/PhD graduates during phase-I using an adapted questionnaire from ASHA's supervision model, while in phase-II, 72 MPhil/PhD supervisors were interviewed to cross-check the Phase-I findings. According to MPhil/PhD graduates, their supervisors have relationship development and communication competence. During interviews, most MPhil/PhD supervisors refute their supervisees' claims and offer suggestions to improve supervisors' competence. Based on supervisor suggestions, the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan should revise the supervision structure, provide Postdoctoral fellowships to all supervisors, and promote international conferences. This study may be helpful to supervisors in self-evaluation as well as understanding relationship development and communication competence.

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2

Sulistiyawati, Tri, Budi Utomo, and Soeharto Soeharto. "Risk Factors of Children Behavior in Schistosomythical Transfer in Two Villages of Lindu Regency, Sigi District, Central Sulawesi in 2017." Folia Medica Indonesiana 54, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v54i2.8865.

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Children of primary school are particularly vulnerable to schistosomiasis because 60-70% of them with age of 5-14 years do a lot of activity outside home. The impact of schistosomiasis in children are the lack of concentration in learning, anemia, and impaired growth. This study aimed to describe the behavior of children aged 7-12 years in Puro'o and Tomado Villages in preventing the transmission of schistosomiasis and to determine the correlation between age, sex behavior community in the prevention of schistosomiasis. The study was conducted in Tomado and Puro'o villages for 3 months from March to June 2016. This was a cross sectional study. The samples in this study were children aged 7-12 years, selected by stratified multistage random cluster sampling which was done in three phases: the first phase was the villages, the second phase was the primary school in the village, and the third stage was household selected by proportional random sampling. Data were collected through interview using a structured questionnaire and the observation was analyzed using chi-square test. Respondents who had less knowledge, mostly behave defecate/urinate (80%) in latrine/WC, handwashing behavior with soap after defecating/urinating (50%), wearing footwear outside the home (86.5%), and playing in the rice fields, marshes and lakes (67.3%). Analysis of the relationship between knowledge and child's behavior showed no significant relationship (p=0.114). As a conclusion, children aged 7-12 years in Tomado and Puro'o villages mostly had less supportive behavior in preventing the transmission of schistosomiasis and had moderate or less reliable knowledge.

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Hashemiparast, Mina, Ali Montazeri, Saharnaz Nedjat, Reza Negarandeh, Roya Sadeghi, Masoumeh Hosseini, and Gholamreza Garmaroudi. "Pedestrian Road-Crossing Behaviours: A Protocol for an Explanatory Mixed Methods Study." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 5 (August 23, 2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n5p27.

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<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Pedestrian crossing is an important traffic safety concern. The aim of this paper is to report the protocol for a sequential explanatory mixed methods study that set out to determine the pedestrians’ traffic behaviors, the associated factors and exploring the perception of young people about the traffic risky behaviors in crossing the road. The ultimate purpose of the study is to design a preventive and cultural based strategy to promote young people’s health.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This is a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. The study has two sequential phases. During the first phase, a population-based cross-sectional survey of a sample of young people will be conducted using the proportional random multistage cluster sampling method, in Tehran, Iran. Data will be collected by a questionnaire including items on socio-demographic information, items on measuring social conformity tendency, and questions on subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control based on the Theory of Planned behavior. In the second phase, a qualitative study will be conducted. A purposeful sampling strategy will be used and participants who can help to explain the quantitative findings will be selected. Data collection in qualitative phase will be predominately by individual in-depth interviews. A qualitative content analysis approach will be undertaken to develop a detailed understanding of the traffic risky behaviors among young pedestrians.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>The findings of this explanatory mixed methods study will provide information on traffic risky behaviors in young pedestrians. The findings will be implemented to design a cultural based strategy and intervention programs.</p>

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Yeo, Kee-Jiar, and Shih-Hui Lee. "Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Parental Attitude and Health Beliefs Toward Sexuality Education." SAGE Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): 215824402211394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221139470.

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The quality of sexuality education is significant in encouraging and expanding the knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Parents’ attitudes and beliefs toward sexuality education contribute to the effectiveness of sexuality education in schools. Consequently, there is a need to provide a validated instrument to investigate parental attitude and beliefs toward school-based sexuality education. The objective of this study is to describe the development and test the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures the attitudes and beliefs of parents toward the implementation of sexuality education in primary schools within Malaysia. Items for the instrument in this study were developed through literature review via the deduction method. Data collection was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved 174 parents with children who were attending primary schools through convenience sampling. Then, the multistage sampling method was employed to collect data from 350 parents. Results from the exploratory factor analysis have identified four latent dimensions, which are attitude toward sexuality education, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy, that support the SRH learning among primary school children. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrates a good overall fit with the application of post hoc modifications. The results also indicate that the instrument has high internal consistency, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. Findings from this study have indicated that the instrument can be used as a valid and reliable measure to examine the attitudes and beliefs of parents toward sexuality education in primary schools within Malaysia.

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Mohamad Khalil, Aref Ezrin, Hue San Kuay, Maruzairi Husain, and Yee Cheng Kueh. "Validation of the inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits among school-going adolescents in Malaysia." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): e0276724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276724.

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A key component in the study of antisocial behaviour among adolescents is the presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Among the established tools available to measure CU traits is the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU). To date, there is no validated questionnaire to assess CU traits for the local population. Therefore, there is a need to validate the Malay version of the ICU (M-ICU) so that research can be conducted to explore CU traits among adolescents in Malaysia. The aim of the study is to validate the M-ICU. Two phases of cross-sectional study involving 409 (phase 1 –exploratory factor analysis (EFA), n = 180; phase 2—confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), n = 229) adolescents aged between 13 to 18 years old were conducted from July until October 2020 at six secondary schools in Kuantan district. Participants were selected via multistage random sampling. The ICU was initially translated into Malay language using forward-backward translation procedure by a group of bilingual researchers. Study participants completed the final version of the M-ICU questionnaire and socio-demographic questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26 and MPlus software for factor structure validity by performing EFA and CFA. Initial EFA revealed three factors with two items deleted. A further EFA with two factors resulted in the deletion of unemotional factor items. Cronbach’s alpha for overall scale improved from 0.70 to 0.74. CFA supported a two-factor solution with 17 items compared to the original English version that has three factors with 24 items. The findings revealed acceptable fit indices (RMSEA = 0.057, CFI = 0.941, TLI = 0.932, WRMR = 0.968). The study revealed that a two-factor model with 17 items of the M-ICU has good psychometric properties. The scale is valid and reliable to measure CU traits among adolescents in Malaysia.

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Debele, Taye, Firanbon Teshome, Demuma Amdisa, Girma Bacha, Zewdie Birhanu, and Yohannes Kebede. "A mixed-methods study on health learning materials utilization for COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement among health workers in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia: Implication for response to pandemic." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 7, 2022): e0269574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269574.

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Background Risk communication and community engagement are among the key strategies used in response to pandemics. Effective risk communication and community engagement can be achieved when assisted by health learning materials. However, their utilization was not known in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the utilization of COVID-19 health learning materials (HLMs), and explore barriers and facilitating factors. Methods A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study consisting of two phases was carried out. The first phase was a cross-sectional survey to assess the utilization of COVID-19 HLMs and their predictors. In this phase, a multistage sampling technique was used to select 530 health workers. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Epi-data manager version 4.6.0.2 and STATA version 16 were used for data entry and analyses, respectively. Descriptive analyses were carried out as necessary. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were done to identify the predictors of COVID-19 HLMs utilization. Phase two is a qualitative study to explore enablers and barriers to COVID-19 HLMs utilization. A judgmental sampling technique was used and 14 key informants were recruited. The collected data were uploaded into Atlas ti version 7.0.71. An inductive process of thematic analysis was employed and the data were coded, categorized, and thematized. Results Findings showed that out of the total 530 respondents, 210(39.6%), 117(22.1%), and 203(38.3%) of them never use COVID-19 HLMs, use sometimes, and always, respectively. Health workers’ perceived quality of COVID-19 HLMs [AOR = 6.44 (95% CI: 4.18–9.94)], health workers’ perceived usefulness of COVID-19 HLMs [AOR = 2.82 (95% CI: 1.88–4.22)], working facility [AOR = 1.83 (95% CI: 1.07–3.14)], educational level of the respondents [AOR = 1.73 (95% CI: 1.11–2.72)] and availability of COVID-19 HLMs [AOR = 1.45(95% CI: 1.01–2.08)] had statistically significant association with the utilization status of COVID-19 HLMs. Findings from the qualitative study showed that materials-related factors, and structure and health workers-related factors had influence on HLMs utilization. Conclusions In this study, we found that only a few of the respondents were regularly utilizing COVID-19 HLMs. Perceived quality, usefulness, and availability of HLMs, and health workers’ educational status and working facility determined the level of COVID-19 HLMs utilization. There is a need for giving due attention to HLMs, evaluating their quality, availing them to health facilities, and providing training for health workers.

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Azizi, Nemat, Mahmood Karimy, Rezvan Abedini, Bahram Armoon, and Ali Montazeri. "Development and Validation of the Health Literacy Scale for Workers." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2019.1498.

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Background: Health literacy has received growing attention in recent years to reduce health disparities. Health literate individuals can gain access, understand and use health information to maintain, improve and promote good health. Objective: To develop and assess the psychometric properties of a tool for the measurement of health literacy among workers, the Health Literacy Scale for Workers (HELSW). Methods: 15 companies were selected from the factories of the industrial city of Saveh. 450 (400 male and 50 female) workers from Saveh, Iran, were selected through a multistage random sampling. The study had two stages—a qualitative and a quantitative stage. In the qualitative phase, the workers' beliefs were extracted based on 61 in-depth interviews. Content validity was assessed with the help of 12 experts in the field of health education, public health and occupational health. Also, face validity was evaluated through interviewing with 20 workers. In the quantitative phase, the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by measuring the internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The construct validity was assessed by the principal component analysis using varimax rotation. Results: In the exploratory factor analysis, six domains (ie, access, reading, understanding, assessment, decision making and applying health information, and self-efficacy) with 34 items were loaded; the model explained 64.3% of the total variance. Intraclass correlation coefficient and test-retest reliability ranged from 0.72 to 0.84 and 0.69 to 0.86, respectively. Conclusion: It seems that the developed Persian questionnaire, HELSW, is a reliable and valid measure of the health literacy in workers.

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Karami, Manoochehr, Salman Khazaei, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Talat Mokhtari Azad, Ali Zahiri, Ali Reza Moradi, Jalal Bathaei, Masoumeh Javaheri, and Jalaleddin Amiri. "Measles Outbreak in a Rural Population in Bahar District, Hamadan Province, West of Iran in 2018." Journal of Research in Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): e00470-e00470. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2020.05.

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Background: Measles is in elimination phase in Iran. Following occurrence of two cases of measles in two children under six years old with the history of measles immunization in one of the villages affiliated to Bahar District, west of Hamadan Province, northwest of Iran, this study was conducted to determine the immunity status of people living in the village affected by the measles outbreak in spring of 2018. Study design: A cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study. Methods: Overall, 272 populations of 0-40 yr old in the village affected by outbreak were enrolled. Multistage sampling was used for choosing participants. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist used to collect epidemiological data including demographic characteristics and vaccination status. Blood samples were taken from them and sent to the measles reference laboratory for IgG testing. The amount of optical density (OD) greater than 0.2 was considered as positive and less than 0.1 negative, respectively. Results: The mean age of the study population was 17.4 ±11.8 yr and the sex ratio was almost the same. Levels of antibodies against measles were positive in 63.24%, intermediate in 12.5% and negative in 24.26%. There was no significant difference between the immunity status of the subjects with gender (P=0.236) and age group (P=0.113). Pearson correlation results showed that in males there was a significant positive correlation between the age of the participants and the serum IgG level (r = 0.26, P=0.003). Conclusion: Measles immunity in communities is not sufficient to prevent outbreaks and small epidemics, and it is recommended that periodically, serological assessments carried out at community level and especially at high-risk groups.

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Endyana, Cipta, FX Ari Agung Prastowo, Anwar Sani, Gemilang Lara Utama, and Prita Amalia. "GOVERNMENT POLICY AND REGULATION TO SUPPORT THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF MALUKU HIGH-GRADE NUTMEG COMMODITY IN SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE OVERVIEW." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (September 17, 2020): 1147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.84109.

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Purpose: Based on World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement, Indonesia had an obligation to conduct international trade based on the liberalization principle. The International Trade should conduct non-discrimination among member states, except there is a condition fulfilled under the general exception. One of the exceptions is about international standards related to Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This article will elaborate on what extend Government policy and regulation should support international trade by complying with the international framework. Methodology: The method used in this research is the Analytical Descriptive Survey Method. The data collection technique used is a phased sampling process (Multistage Stratified Random Sampling) by taking into account the complexity of the population gradually from the Population Cluster to the farmer stage. In the final determination of the farmers that will be sampled, two non-probability sampling schemes, Judgment Sampling, and Snowball Sampling are used. Main Findings: Based on the search from secondary data, it was obtained that the development of nutmeg potential in Maluku, in its area, number of farmers, and production for five years (2012-2016) experienced fluctuations, in which it increased in 2016. Implications/Applications: The development of the nutmeg industry in the Maluku Islands requires various programs aimed at improving the quality and productivity of nutmeg commodity so that it can ensure the continuity of supply chains and the sustainability of nutmeg industry development. Some of the programs are suggested after careful analysis of the data obtained. Novelty/Originality: The combination of technical and social aspects is compiled within the Geographic Information System and spatially visualized, then can be classified comprehensively into a zone of nutmeg presence in the Maluku Islands. The Information of Nutmeg condition in several areas with spatial technique analysis is useful to the development of supporting infrastructure, capacity building of nutmeg farmer society, nutmeg industries, and Government Policy of Maluku Province to develop their nutmeg product.

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Kotwal, Atul, Tulika Seth, Rakesh Thakur, G. K. Rath, D. N. Sharma, and Jitendra Nagpal. "Outcome of community based planned intervention targeting perceptions, attitudes and health seeking behaviour regarding cancers in New Delhi, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200454.

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Background: Cancer prevention and control needs to be based on effective implementation of all approaches. Community as well as individual level interventions to increase knowledge and early reporting have shown effectiveness. A community-based intervention trial was conducted to design, implement and test short-term outcomes of evidence based preventive strategies.Methods: A mixed methods, three phased study was conducted in three districts of Delhi, which were selected by a random process. Two randomly selected districts out of these three were intervention districts while third was the control. A total sample of 500 in each district was studied in quantitative pre and post -intervention phases. Multistage, stratified, cluster sampling was utilized. Pre-tested and validated tools were used.Results: Post intervention, statistically significant higher scores were observed in all domains in intervention districts as compared to control (p<0.01). Though comparison of slum versus non-slum showed significant increment in knowledge and practice scores, with higher scores for non-slum respondents, the attitudes were very similar (p>0.05). The increment score changes between males and females was similar in all classes of society versus control district. Comparison within the intervention and control groups revealed increased scores in intervention districts and decreased scores in control district, in all domains (p<0.05).Conclusions: Our study has helped in understanding the determinants of perceptions, attitude and practices regarding cancer in the community, This, helped in formulating the need-based intervention strategies. Testing the short-term outcome of intervention showed it to be effective.

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Mushtaq Pasha, M. A., Afsar Fatima, D. K. Veeresappa, and Raja Vikram Prasad. "A socio-demographic study on prevalence of undernutrition among pre-school children, under Rural Health Center, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 4583. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175334.

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Background: Life of every human starts with infancy, childhood into adult life. During this process, childhood happen to be the most vulnerable phase associated with nutritional deficiency affecting the growth leading to morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition in pre-school children is considered most important indicator of the nutritional and health status of the country which is given top priority in National Family Health Survey- 4 (NFHS-4). Pre-school children in India have higher percentage of undernourished children and are 100th place among 119 malnourished countries in the world. The aims of the study were to assess the nutritional status of children aged 3-6 yrs in rural area attending Anganwadi centers under Rural Health Center, SRMC, Nandyal and to identify the factors associated with the nutritional status of pre-school children.Methods: Cross sectional study, area under Rural Health Center, Santhiram Medical College, A.P. Sample size for study is 161, calculated using Epi info-7 calculator. Study was carried during June 2017- July 2017 for a period of two months among 3-6 yrs children attending AWC under RHC, SRMC, Nandyal. Samples selected were based on using multistage random sampling technique. All the children were subjected to measure for body weight and their ages were recorded using Gomez classification based on weight for age. All the mothers were interviewed using pre tested questionnaire. The data compiled in excel sheet and later was analyzed using SPSS-22 version.Results: Total number of children between 3-6 yrs included in the study is 161. Female children (57.8%) outnumbered male children (42.2%) in the study. Undernourished children according to Gomez classification were falling in second degree with 77 (47.8%), followed by first degree 63 (39.1%). The age, mothers’ education and B G Prasad socio economic class-4 and class-5 with Under Nutrition were showing significant correlation showing p value less than 0.05. Conclusions: Mothers’ education and BG Prasad socio economic class is showing more influence on second degree and first degree under nutrition based on Gomez classification.

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Li, Pengfei, Fengjiao Liu, Xiangyu Jia, Yihan Shao, Wenxin Hu, Jun Zheng, and Ye Mei. "Efficient Computation of Free Energy Surfaces of Diels–Alder Reactions in Explicit Solvent at Ab Initio QM/MM Level." Molecules 23, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102487.

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For Diels–Alder (DA) reactions in solution, an accurate and converged free energy (FE) surface at ab initio (ai) quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) level is imperative for the understanding of reaction mechanism. However, this computation is still far too expensive. In a previous work, we proposed a new method termed MBAR+wTP, with which the computation of the ai FE profile can be accelerated by several orders of magnitude via a three-step procedure: (I) an umbrella sampling (US) using a semi-empirical (SE) QM/MM Hamiltonian is performed; (II) the FE profile is generated using the Multistate Bennett Acceptance Ratio (MBAR) analysis; and (III) a weighted Thermodynamic Perturbation (wTP) from the SE Hamiltonian to the ai Hamiltonian is performed to obtain the ai QM/MM FE profile using weight factors from the MBAR analysis. In this work, this method is extended to the calculations of two-dimensional FE surfaces of two Diels–Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with either acrylonitrile or 1-4-naphthoquinone at ai QM/MM level. The accurate activation free energies at the ai QM/MM level, which are much closer to the experimental measurements than those calculated by other methods, indicate that this MBAR+wTP method can be applied in the studies of complex reactions in condensed phase with much-enhanced efficiency.

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Okunade, Adesina Isaac, Ibukun Omolara Akinwumi, and Abiodun Emmanuel Okeya. "Effectiveness of Learning Activity Package (Lap) On Students’ Performance in Biology in Ekiti State Secondary Schools, Nigeria." International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijqqrm.13/vol10n218.

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The study examined the effectiveness of Learning Activity Package (LAP) on students' performance in Biology in Ekiti State secondary schools. The study specifically examined the difference between the pre-test, post-test and retention performance of students in Biology exposed to Learning Activity Package (LAP) and the conventional method. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design in which two groups (one experimental group and one control group) were involved. The population of the study comprised of all S.S.S. 1 students offering Biology in public secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The sample consisted of intact class size of students offering Biology drawn from 4 public secondary schools in Ekiti State. The sample was selected using multistage sampling procedure. A self-designed instrument tagged Biology Performance Test (BPT) was used for collecting the data for the study. The study was carried out in three phases namely the pre-treatment stage, treatment stage and post-treatment stage. The hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that there was no significant difference in the performance of both groups before treatment but there was significant difference between the post and retention test performance of students in Biology exposed to Learning Activity Package (LAP) and the conventional method. The study concluded that Learning Activity Package (LAP) strategy is effective in improving performance and retention of Ekiti state secondary school students in Biology. It was recommended among others that teachers teaching Biology in Ekiti State secondary schools should be encouraged to adopt Learning Activity Package (LAP) strategy in exposing the students to Biological concepts.

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Treder, R. P., and J. Sedransk. "Bayesian Sequential Two-Phase Sampling." Journal of the American Statistical Association 91, no. 434 (June 1996): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1996.10476946.

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Wang, Ziwei, Shuai Ma, Jiantao Wang, Bin Li, and Pengcheng Cui. "Study on Rotating Stall of Multistage Compressor Using Wavelets." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2280, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2280/1/012002.

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Abstract Rotating stall in the high speed compressor can lead to violent disruption of flow, damage to the blade structures and, eventually, engine shutdown. To investigate the mechanism of stall inception and stall propagation in multi-stage compressor, the onset and transient behavior of rotating stall in a transonic 2-stage compressor are simulated based on the in-house software ASPAC. Many sampling points are placed to monitor the flow variation. The analysis results of circumferential sampling points indicate that, the spectral characteristics of circumferential sampling points in steady state and unstable state are similar, the pressure pulsation is similar, but there exist phase difference. In the transition state, the main frequency is similar and the secondary frequency is slightly different, the 17th blade channel at the blade top of rotor 2 produces a disturbance with lower frequency and higher amplitude before other channels, which triggers the stall disturbance. The analysis results of axial sampling points show that the blade row interference frequency exists in the whole flow change process, and the disturbance of adjacent blade rows is dominant. The stall disturbance starts with rotor 2. This initial disturbance soon spreads to its adjacent stator 1 and stator 2. Rotor 1 is finally affected and enters into unstable state at about the 12th revolution.

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Bartram, C., and G. Miller. "Estimation of seed orchard efficiencies by means of multistage variable probability sampling." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-218.

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This paper describes two frameworks for developing effective multistage variable probability sampling methods to estimate seed orchard efficiencies. In both cases a standard multistage approach is implemented initially in multiple orchards and years. The effectiveness of this approach is then evaluated against several alternative methods, using the initial efficiency data collected, and subsequent survey procedures are prescribed on the basis of this analysis. An example illustrating the application of this methodology in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchards in British Columbia is presented.

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Horppila, Jukka, and Heikki Peltonen. "Optimizing Sampling from Trawl Catches: Contemporaneous Multistage Sampling for Age and Length structures." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-172.

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The objective of this study was to find out the optimal sampling strategy for contemporaneous multistage sampling of age and length structures of trawl catches. Samples were taken from a roach (Rutilus rutilus) stock of Lake Vesijärvi, southern Finland. Two-stage sampling proved to be superior to three-stage sampling (i.e. subsamples from the trawl catches are unnecessary). Assuming that all the age and length groups are equally important, the optimal strategy is to sample 34 fish from each of 46 loads. Compared with the present scheme (500 fish from each of 10 loads), this design cuts down the total variance of the estimated proportions of different age and length groups to about one third. An age–length key was used when estimating the proportions of the age groups. The benefits of the applied age–length key were obvious. The estimates of the proportions of different age groups were more accurate than those obtained with age readings only. Increasing the fraction of age-determined fish increases the costs, diminishes the optimal number of samples, and consequently increases the variance of the estimated proportions of different groups.

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18

Bakir, Ilke, Natashia Boland, Brian Dandurand, and Alan Erera. "Sampling Scenario Set Partition Dual Bounds for Multistage Stochastic Programs." INFORMS Journal on Computing 32, no. 1 (January 2020): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0885.

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We consider multistage stochastic programming problems in which the random parameters have finite support, leading to optimization over a finite scenario set. There has been recent interest in dual bounds for such problems, of two types. One, known as expected group subproblem objective (EGSO) bounds, require solution of a group subproblem, which optimizes over a subset of the scenarios, for all subsets of the scenario set that have a given cardinality. Increasing the subset cardinality in the group subproblem improves bound quality, (EGSO bounds form a hierarchy), but the number of group subproblems required to compute the bound increases very rapidly. Another is based on partitions of the scenario set into subsets. Combining the values of the group subproblems for all subsets in a partition yields a partition bound. In this paper, we consider partitions into subsets of (nearly) equal cardinality. We show that the expected value of the partition bound over all such partitions also forms a hierarchy. To make use of these bounds in practice, we propose random sampling of partitions and suggest two enhancements to the approach: sampling partitions that align with the multistage scenario tree structure and use of an auxiliary optimization problem to discover new best bounds based on the values of group subproblems already computed. We establish the effectiveness of these ideas with computational experiments on benchmark problems. Finally, we give a heuristic to save computational effort by ceasing computation of a partition partway through if it appears unpromising.

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19

Xie, Wei-Yang, Xiao-Ping Li, Lie-Hui Zhang, Xiao-Hua Tan, Jun-Chao Wang, and Hai-Tao Wang. "Production Decline Analysis for Two-Phase Flow in Multifractured Horizontal Well in Shale Gas Reservoirs." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/212103.

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After multistage fracturing, the flowback of fracturing fluid will cause two-phase flow through hydraulic fractures in shale gas reservoirs. With the consideration of two-phase flow and desorbed gas transient diffusion in shale gas reservoirs, a two-phase transient flow model of multistage fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoirs was created. Accurate solution to this flow model is obtained by the use of source function theory, Laplace transform, three-dimensional eigenvalue method, and orthogonal transformation. According to the model’s solution, the bilogarithmic type curves of the two-phase model are illustrated, and the production decline performance under the effects of hydraulic fractures and shale gas reservoir properties are discussed. The result obtained in this paper has important significance to understand pressure response characteristics and production decline law of two-phase flow in shale gas reservoirs. Moreover, it provides the theoretical basis for exploiting this reservoir efficiently.

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20

Arnab, Raghunath, George Anderson, John Olaomi, and B. C. Rodríguez. "Stratified Two-Phase Ranked Set Sampling." Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v15i4.2380.

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21

Hidiroglou, M. A., J. N. K. Rao, and David Haziza. "VARIANCE ESTIMATION IN TWO-PHASE SAMPLING." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics 51, no. 2 (June 2009): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2008.00532.x.

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22

Saegusa, Takumi. "Variance Estimation under Two-Phase Sampling." Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 42, no. 4 (April 23, 2015): 1078–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjos.12152.

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23

Park, Seho, and Jae Kwang Kim. "Mass imputation for two-phase sampling." Journal of the Korean Statistical Society 48, no. 4 (December 2019): 578–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jkss.2019.03.002.

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24

Rueda, María del Mar, Antonio Arcos, Juan Francisco Muñoz, and Sarjinder Singh. "Quantile estimation in two-phase sampling." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 51, no. 5 (February 2007): 2559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2006.01.002.

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25

Yun Jiang-Juan, Chen Zheng, and Li Shang-Jie. "Multistage microstructural evolution caused by deformation in two-mode phase field crystals." Acta Physica Sinica 63, no. 9 (2014): 098106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.63.098106.

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26

Muendges, Jan, Alexej Zalesko, Andrzej Górak, and Tim Zeiner. "Multistage aqueous two-phase extraction of a monoclonal antibody from cell supernatant." Biotechnology Progress 31, no. 4 (April 29, 2015): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.2088.

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27

Xia, Wei, Caihong Ma, Jianbo Liu, Shibin Liu, Fu Chen, Zhi Yang, and Jianbo Duan. "High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery Classification of Imbalanced Data Using Multistage Sampling Method and Deep Neural Networks." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212523.

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Class imbalance is a key issue for the application of deep learning for remote sensing image classification because a model generated by imbalanced samples training has low classification accuracy for minority classes. In this study, an accurate classification approach using the multistage sampling method and deep neural networks was proposed to classify imbalanced data. We first balance samples by multistage sampling to obtain the training sets. Then, a state-of-the-art model is adopted by combining the advantages of atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) and Encoder-Decoder for pixel-wise classification, which are two different types of fully convolutional networks (FCNs) that can obtain contextual information of multiple levels in the Encoder stage. The details and spatial dimensions of targets are restored using such information during the Decoder stage. We employ four deep learning-based classification algorithms (basic FCN, FCN-8S, ASPP, and Encoder-Decoder with ASPP of our approach) on multistage training sets (original, MUS1, and MUS2) of WorldView-3 images in southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and GF-2 images in northeastern Beijing for comparison. The experiments show that, compared with existing sets (original, MUS1, and identical) and existing method (cost weighting), the MUS2 training set of multistage sampling significantly enhance the classification performance for minority classes. Our approach shows distinct advantages for imbalanced data.

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28

Lee, Sang Eun, Young Jin, and Key-Il Shin. "A Note on Complex Two-Phase Sampling with Different Sampling Units of Each Phase." Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods 22, no. 5 (September 30, 2015): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/csam.2015.22.5.435.

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29

Binder, David A., Colin Babyak, Marie Brodeur, Michel Hidiroglou, and Wisner Jocelyn. "Variance estimation for two-phase stratified sampling." Canadian Journal of Statistics 28, no. 4 (December 2000): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3315914.

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30

Kamba, Adamu Isah, Amos Adedayo Adewara, and Audu Ahmed. "Modified product estimator under two–phase sampling." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 25, no. 2 (September 6, 2019): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v25i2.10.

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In this paper, modification of product estimator under two-phase sampling was suggested. The modified product estimator was obtained through transformation in two cases using sample mean of auxiliary variables. Case one was when the second sample was drawn from the first sample while case two was when the second sample was drawn from the population. The bias and mean square error (MSE) of the modified product estimator was obtained. The theoretical and numerical validity of the modified product estimator under the two cases were determined to show it superiority to some considered existing product estimators. Numerical results shows that the modified product estimator under the two cases were more efficient than the considered existing estimators.Keywords: Product estimator, Two-Phase Sampling, Bias, Mean Square Error

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31

Bandyopadhyay, A., and G. N. Singh. "Efficient Rotation Pattern in Two-Phase Sampling." Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications 16, no. 2 (2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jsta.2017.16.2.10.

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32

Ramasubramanian, V., Anil Rai, and Randhir Singh. "Jackknife variance estimation under two-phase sampling." Model Assisted Statistics and Applications 2, no. 1 (May 22, 2007): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mas-2007-2104.

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33

Lamichhane, Rajan, and Sarjinder Singh. "Estimation of Mode Using Two-phase Sampling." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 45, no. 7 (August 21, 2014): 2586–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2014.909936.

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34

Saegusa, Takumi, and Jon A. Wellner. "Weighted likelihood estimation under two-phase sampling." Annals of Statistics 41, no. 1 (February 2013): 269–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-aos1073.

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35

Patil, Gudigopuram, Ayyildiz, Delgado, and Morrison. "Performance Evaluation and Dimensional Analysis of Multistage Helicoaxial Pump for Two-Phase Flow." International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power 4, no. 3 (July 25, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp4030022.

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A four stage helicoaxial pump was tested under varying operating conditions. A range of inlet pressures, rotational speeds (3000, 3600 rpm), and gas void fractures (GVFs) were considered for two fluid viscosities. The head developed and power input to run the pump were recorded. Head, power input and efficiency decrease as the GVF increases with best efficiency point (BEP) moving towards lower flow rate conditions. Dimensional analysis was conducted to evaluate the applicability of current affinity laws to the two-phase flow performance of the pump under consideration. Dimensionless head coefficient and power coefficients were defined for two-phase flow, considering the homogeneity in the two-phase fluid properties. Deviations in the two-phase affinity coefficients from the common law curve increases with GVF. To bridge this gap, a new correlation is proposed with a revised flow coefficient that allows all the head coefficient data to collapse on a single line with a greater degree of accuracy.

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36

Xu, Mingfei, and T. E. Simos. "A multistage two-step fraught in phase scheme for problems in mathematical chemistry." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 57, no. 7 (June 7, 2019): 1710–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-019-01033-0.

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37

Valliant, Richard, Jill A. Dever, and Frauke Kreuter. "Effects of Cluster Sizes on Variance Components in Two-Stage Sampling." Journal of Official Statistics 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 763–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jos-2015-0044.

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Abstract Determining sample sizes in multistage samples requires variance components for each stage of selection. The relative sizes of the variance components in a cluster sample are dramatically affected by how much the clusters vary in size, by the type of sample design, and by the form of estimator used. Measures of the homogeneity of survey variables within clusters are related to the variance components and affect the numbers of sample units that should be selected at each stage to achieve the desired precision levels. Measures of homogeneity can be estimated using standard software for random-effects models but the model-based intracluster correlations may need to be transformed to be appropriate for use with the sample design. We illustrate these points and implications for sample size calculation for two-stage sample designs using a realistic population derived from household surveys and the decennial census in the U.S.

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38

Zhang, Ruiduo, Yonggang Duan, and Mingqiang Wei. "Temperature Prediction Model for Two-Phase Flow Multistage Fractured Horizontal Well in Tight Oil Reservoir." Geofluids 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9949977.

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Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) has been used for fracture parameter diagnosis and flow profile monitoring. In this paper, we present a new model for predicting the temperature profile of two-phase flow multistage fractured horizontal wells in the tight oil reservoirs. The homogeneous reservoir flow/heat transfer model is extended to the tight oil reservoir-fracture-wellbore coupled flow/thermal model. The influence of SRV area on reservoir and wellbore is considered, and the Joule-Thomson effect, heat convection, heat conduction, and other parameters are introduced into the improved model. The temperature distributions of reservoir and wellbore with different production times, water cut, and locations of water entry are simulated. The simulated results indicate that the Joule-Thomson effect will cause wellbore temperature to rise; the temperature of fractures with more water production is significantly lower than that of other fractures, and the water outlet location can be judged according to the temperature change of the wellbore. By using the improved temperature prediction model, the DTS monitoring data of two-phase flow multistage fractured horizontal well in the tight reservoir has been calculated and analyzed, and the accurate production profile has been obtained.

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39

Johnson, Gregg A., David A. Mortensen, Linda J. Young, and Alex R. Martin. "Parametric Sequential Sampling Based on Multistage Estimation of the Negative Binomial Parameterk." Weed Science 44, no. 3 (September 1996): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500094327.

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An intensive survey of two farmer-managed corn and soybean fields in eastern Nebraska was conducted to investigate parametric sequential sampling of weed seedling populations using a multistage procedure to estimatek, of the negative binomial distribution.kis a nonspatial aggregation parameter related to the variance at a given mean value. Mean weed seedling density ranged from 0.18 to 3.11 plants 0.38 m−2(linear meter of crop row) based on 806 sampling locations. The average value ofk, derived from 200 multistage estimation procedures, ranged from 0.17 to 0.32. A sequential sampling plan was developed with the goal of estimating the mean with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10, 20, 30, and 40% of the sample mean. A sampling plan was also constructed to estimate the mean within a specified distance H of the true mean (H(x̄)= 0.10, 0.50 and 1.0 plants 0.38 m−2) with 80, 85, and 90% confidence. Estimating mean weed seedling density within a specified CV of the true mean CV(x̄) using parametric sequential sampling techniques was superior to estimating the mean within a specified distance (H(x̄)) of the true mean when considering the frequency of sampling and probability of error, especially at intermediatekvalues. At ak: value of 0.32 and 0.25, the difference between the actual CV(x̄) obtained from sampling and the CV(x̄) specified by the sampler was minimal. However, the accuracy of weed seedling density estimates was reduced with decreasingkvalues below 0.25, especially as the specified CV(x̄) increased.

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40

Stefanizzi, M., M. Torresi, F. Fornarelli, B. Fortunato, and S. M. Camporeale. "Performance prediction model of multistage centrifugal Pumps used as Turbines with Two-Phase Flow." Energy Procedia 148 (August 2018): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.102.

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41

Majhi, Deepak, and G. N. Singh. "Some efficient estimation procedures in two-phase sampling." Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 24, no. 7 (October 3, 2021): 1371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2019.1649037.

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42

Kim, Jae Kwang, Alfredo Navarro, and Wayne A. Fuller. "Replication Variance Estimation for Two-Phase Stratified Sampling." Journal of the American Statistical Association 101, no. 473 (March 2006): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/016214505000000763.

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43

Laitila, Thomas, та Jens Olofsson. "A two-phase sampling scheme and πps designs". Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 141, № 5 (травень 2011): 1646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2010.11.004.

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44

Arnab, Raghunath, and J. O. Olaomi. "Optional randomized response technique in two-phase sampling." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 46, no. 18 (May 24, 2017): 8973–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2016.1197257.

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45

Bachmann, Mathieu, Philippe Helluy, Jonathan Jung, Hélène Mathis, and Siegfried Müller. "Random sampling remap for compressible two-phase flows." Computers & Fluids 86 (November 2013): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.07.010.

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46

Chen, Zhijian, Radu V. Craiu, and Shelley B. Bull. "Two-Phase Stratified Sampling Designs for Regional Sequencing." Genetic Epidemiology 36, no. 4 (March 28, 2012): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gepi.21624.

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47

Srinivasan, Kathiravan, Nivedhitha Mahendran, Durai Raj Vincent, Chuan-Yu Chang, and Shabbir Syed-Abdul. "Realizing an Integrated Multistage Support Vector Machine Model for Augmented Recognition of Unipolar Depression." Electronics 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040647.

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Unipolar depression (UD), also referred to as clinical depression, appears to be a widespread mental disorder around the world. Further, this is a vital state related to a person’s health that influences his/her daily routine. Besides, this state also influences the person’s frame of mind, behavior, and several body functionalities like sleep, appetite, and also it can cause a scenario where a person could harm himself/herself or others. In several cases, it becomes an arduous task to detect UD, since, it is a state of comorbidity. For that reason, this research proposes a more convenient approach for the physicians to detect the state of clinical depression at an initial phase using an integrated multistage support vector machine model. Initially, the dataset is preprocessed using multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) technique. Then, for selecting the appropriate features, the support vector machine-based recursive feature elimination (SVM RFE) is deployed. Subsequently, the integrated multistage support vector machine classifier is built by employing the bagging random sampling technique. Finally, the experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed integrated multistage support vector machine model surpasses methods such as logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, random forest, and bagging SVM (majority voting), in terms of overall performance.

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48

Yousef, Ali, Ayman A. Amin, Emad E. Hassan, and Hosny I. Hamdy. "Multistage Estimation of the Rayleigh Distribution Variance." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12122084.

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In this paper we discuss the multistage sequential estimation of the variance of the Rayleigh distribution using the three-stage procedure that was presented by Hall (Ann. Stat. 9(6):1229–1238, 1981). Since the Rayleigh distribution variance is a linear function of the distribution scale parameter’s square, it suffices to estimate the Rayleigh distribution’s scale parameter’s square. We tackle two estimation problems: first, the minimum risk point estimation problem under a squared-error loss function plus linear sampling cost, and the second is a fixed-width confidence interval estimation, using a unified optimal stopping rule. Such an estimation cannot be performed using fixed-width classical procedures due to the non-existence of a fixed sample size that simultaneously achieves both estimation problems. We find all the asymptotic results that enhanced finding the three-stage regret as well as the three-stage fixed-width confidence interval for the desired parameter. The procedure attains asymptotic second-order efficiency and asymptotic consistency. A series of Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to study the procedure’s performance as the optimal sample size increases. We found that the simulation results agree with the asymptotic results.

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49

Gupta, Sat, Javid Shabbir, and Shabbir Ahmad. "Estimation of Median in Two-Phase Sampling Using Two Auxiliary Variables." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 37, no. 11 (May 28, 2008): 1815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610920701826476.

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50

Hui, Fei, and T. E. Simos. "New multistage two-step complete in phase scheme with improved properties for quantum chemistry problems." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 57, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 1088–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-019-01010-7.

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