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Готові списки джерел за темами / TWO-PHASE EXPANSION / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "TWO-PHASE EXPANSION"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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1

Kanno, Hiroshi, and Naoki Shikazono. "C143 Modeling of adiabatic efficiency and phase change in two-phase expansion." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2015 (2015): _C143–1_—_C143–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2015._c143-1_.

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2

Hsieh, Chin-Lung, and Wei-Hsing Tuan. "Elastic and thermal expansion behavior of two-phase composites." Materials Science and Engineering: A 425, no. 1-2 (June 2006): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.073.

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3

Woodward*, John L. "Expansion zone modeling of two-phase and gas discharges." Journal of Hazardous Materials 33, no. 2 (February 1993): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(93)85060-r.

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4

Wongwises, Somchai, and Somjin Disawas. "Performance of the two-phase ejector expansion refrigeration cycle." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48, no. 19-20 (September 2005): 4282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.04.017.

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5

HARADA, Atsushi, and Masafumi Nakagawa. "G501 Theoretical analysis of expansion fan in two-phase flow with phase-change." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2009 (2009): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2009.575.

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6

MATSUMURA, Kazuhiko, Yasuhiko FUJII, Shigeo KIMURA, and Takahiro KIWATA. "Two-Phase Flow Visualization in the throttle of expansion valve." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 27, Supplement1 (2007): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.27.supplement1_123.

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7

KIM, WONTAE, and EDWIN J. SON. "TWO NONCOMMUTATIVE PARAMETERS AND REGULAR COSMOLOGICAL PHASE TRANSITION IN THE SEMICLASSICAL DILATON COSMOLOGY." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 15 (May 20, 2008): 1079–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308027047.

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Анотація:

We study cosmological phase transitions from modified equations of motion by introducing two noncommutative parameters in the Poisson brackets, which describes the initial- and future-singularity-free phase transition in the soluble semiclassical dilaton gravity with a nonvanishing cosmological constant. Accelerated expansion and decelerated expansion appear alternatively, where the model contains the second accelerated expansion. The final stage of the universe approaches the flat spacetime independent of the initial state of the curvature scalar as long as the product of the two noncommutative parameters is less than one. Finally, we show that the initial-singularity-free condition is related to the second accelerated expansion of the universe.

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8

SETA, TAKESHI, KOJI KONO, and SHIYI CHEN. "LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR TWO-PHASE FLOWS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2003): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920301728x.

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A lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for two-phase nonideal fluid flows is proposed based on a particle velocity-dependent forcing scheme. The resulting macroscopic dynamics via the Chapman-Enskog expansion recover the full set of thermohydrodynamic equations for nonideal fluids. Numerical verification of fundamental properties of thermal fluids, including thermal conductivity and surface tension, agrees well with theoretical predictions. Direct numerical simulations of two-phase phenomena, including phase-transition, bubble deformation and droplet falling and bubble rising under gravity are carried out, demonstrating the applicability of the model.

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9

Kanno, Hiroshi, and Naoki Shikazono. "E125 Modeling Study on Adiabatic Two-phase Expansion in a Cylinder." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2014 (2014): _E125–1_—_E125–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2014._e125-1_.

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10

FUJII, Yasuhiko, Shigeo KIMURA, Takayuki SAITO, Takahiro KIWATA, and Kazuhiko MATSUMURA. "612 Two-phase Flow Visualization of Refrigerant Fluid at Expansion Valve." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2005 (2005): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2005.86.

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11

Bahrmann, H., C. D. Frohning, P. Heymanns, H. Kalbfell, P. Lappe, D. Peters, and E. Wiebus. "n-Valeric acid: Expansion of the two phase hydroformylation to butenes." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 116, no. 1-2 (February 1997): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(96)00279-8.

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12

Ahmed, Wael H., Chan Y. Ching, and Mamdouh Shoukri. "Development of two-phase flow downstream of a horizontal sudden expansion." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 29, no. 1 (February 2008): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2007.06.003.

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13

Chen, Ing Youn, Chung-Che Liu, Kuo-Hsiang Chien, and Chi-Chuan Wang. "Two-phase flow characteristics across sudden expansion in small rectangular channels." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 32, no. 2 (November 2007): 696–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2007.09.001.

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14

Nakajima, N. "Phase retrieval from two intensity measurements using the Fourier series expansion." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.4.000154.

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15

HARADA, Atsushi, and Masafumi NAKAGAWA. "864 Shock and Expansion Waves in Supersonic Two-Phase Jet Flow." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2011.60 (2011): _864–1_—_864–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2011.60._864-1_.

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16

Kanno, Hiroshi, and Naoki Shikazono. "Modeling study on two-phase adiabatic expansion in a reciprocating expander." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 104 (January 2017): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.07.106.

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17

Bodys, Jakub, Michal Palacz, Michal Haida, Jacek Smolka, Damian Dziurowicz, Michal Majchrzyk, and Andrzej J. Nowak. "Experimental investigation of R744 transcritical flow and mixing in the two-phase ejector." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2177, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2177/1/012044.

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Abstract In this work, the laboratory test rig for visualisation of the CO2 ejector is shortly presented. The internal flow structures in the premixing chamber and expansion cone are visualised using two different measurement arrangements, i.e. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system and high-speed camera system. Both systems allow to determine some characteristic features of the R744 flows and propose some important quantities (i.e. expansion and mixing angles) describing expansion and mixing processes. Potentials of those preliminary results for field validation data are also pointed out.

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18

Ohene-Abuakwa, Yaw, Karen A. Orfali, Carine Marius, and Sarah E. Ball. "Two-phase culture in Diamond Blackfan anemia: localization of erythroid defect." Blood 105, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 838–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-03-1016.

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AbstractThe erythroid defect in Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is known to be intrinsic to the stem cell, but its molecular pathophysiology remains obscure. Using a 2-phase liquid erythroid culture system, we have demonstrated a consistent defect in DBA, regardless of clinical severity, including 3 first-degree relatives with normal hemoglobin levels but increased erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity. DBA cultures were indistinguishable from controls until the end of erythropoietin (Epo)–free phase 1, but failed to demonstrate the normal synchronized wave of erythroid expansion and terminal differentiation on exposure to Epo. Dexamethasone increased Epo sensitivity of erythroid progenitor cells, and enhanced erythroid expansion in phase 2 in both normal and DBA cultures. In DBA cultures treated with dexamethasone, Epo sensitivity was comparable to normal, but erythroid expansion remained subnormal. In clonogenic phase 2 cultures, the number of colonies did not significantly differ between normal cultures and DBA, in the presence or absence of dexamethasone, and at both low and high Epo concentrations. However, colonies were markedly smaller in DBA under all conditions. This suggests that the Epo-triggered onset of terminal maturation is intact in DBA, and the defect lies down-stream of the Epo receptor, influencing survival and/or proliferation of erythroid progenitors.

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19

BLAGOEVA, EVGENIA J. "FIRST ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS AND PHASE DIAGRAMS OF SYSTEMS WITH A TWO-COMPONENT ORDER PARAMETER." Modern Physics Letters B 08, no. 24 (October 20, 1994): 1493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798499400145x.

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Анотація:

A complete mean field analysis of the sixth order Landau free energy for a two-dimensional order parameter is presented. Special attention is paid to its application to first order phase transitions. The phase diagram for all the allowed values of the expansion coefficients is constructed and the specific effects arising from the internal symmetry of the order parameter are emphasized.

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20

Terehov S. V. "Thermal properties of matter within the model of a two-phase system." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 8 (2022): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.08.54631.352.

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It has been established that the relations of the two-phase system model are applicable for describing the thermal properties of solids with disordered and crystalline structures. It is shown that the model adequately describes the curves of isochronous and isothermal crys-tallization of amorphous alloys and thermal changes in the volume of their samples. It is also suitable for calculating the heat capacities and thermal expansion coefficients of sub-stances that are diverse in their physical nature. Keywords: two-phase system, thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity, amorphous alloys, com-plex oxides.

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21

Wu, Weifeng, Qi Wang, Zhao Zhang, Zhijun Wu, Xiaotian Yang, and Liangcong Xu. "Influence of evaporating rate on two-phase expansion in the piston expander with cyclone separator." Thermal Science 24, no. 3 Part B (2020): 2077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180903322w.

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The trilateral flash cycle shows a greater potentiality in moderate to low grade heat utilization systems due to its potentiality of obtaining high exergy efficiency, compared to the conventional thermodynamic cycles such as the organic Rankine cycles and the Kalina cycle. The main difference between the trilateral flash cycle and the conventional thermodynamic cycles is that the superheated vapor expansion process is replaced by the two-phase expansion process. The two-phase expansion process actually consists of a flashing of the inlet stream into a vapor and a liquid phase. Most simulations assume an equilibrium model with an instantaneous flashing. Yet, the experiments of pool flashing indicate that there is a flash evaporating rate. The mechanism of this process still remains unclear. In this paper, the flash evaporating rate is introduced into the model of the two-phase expansion process in the reciprocating expander with a cyclone separator. As such, the obtained results reveal the influence of evaporating rate on the efficiency of the two-phase expander.

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22

Peresada, S. M., Y. O. Nikonenko, S. M. Kovbasa, and A. Kuznietsov. "ADAPTIVE FREQUENCY OBSERVERS FOR TWO-PHASE AND SINGLE-PHASE HARMONIC SIGNALS." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2023, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2023.01.025.

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An adaptive observer for frequency and magnitude of two-phase symmetrical sinusoidal signal is presented. It is de-signed based on control concept of internal model approach. The observer guarantees global exponential estimation and high performance. If the information about one of the two-phase signal components is missing, a modified structure of the observer is proposed. This case is equivalent to the measurement of a single-phase sinusoidal signal. The proper-ties of local exponential stability of single-phase signal observer are proved using Lyapunov’s conversion theorem for disturbed systems. The robustness of the two-phase signal observer with respect to additive disturbances (high-frequency noise, varying frequency) is confirmed by simulation results. It is shown that the observer estimation speed can be arbitrarily increased by increasing the feedback gains. A method for single-phase harmonic signal frequency observer tuning is developed, which ensures the expansion of the stability region. References 14, figures 7.

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23

Tokarzewski, Stanisław, and Józef Joachim Telega. "A Contribution to the Bounds on Real Effective Moduli of Two-Phase Composite Materials." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 07, no. 06 (September 1997): 769–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202597000402.

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Effective transport coefficients of two-phase composite materials λe(x) can be represented by power expansions of four Stieltjes functions: λe(x)/λ1, λ2(x)/λe, λe(y)/λ2, λ1(y)/λe, where x = (λ2/λ1) - 1 and y = -x/(x + 1), while λ1 and λ2 denote the real moduli of a matrix and inclusions respectively.5 By constructing Padé approximants to power expansions of these functions, we derive an infinite set of fundamental inequalities identifying real-valued Milton's bounds20 as a lower and upper estimations of λe(x). From coefficients of a power expansion of λe(x) not exactly known, but only within the limits, the infinite set of new bounds on λe(x) has been derived. Due to Schulgasser inequality21 some improvement of existing bounds20 is proposed. For an illustration of the results achieved, the improved bounds on the effective conductivity λe(x) of a regular array of spheres are evaluated.

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24

White, Martin T. "Cycle and turbine optimisation for an ORC operating with two-phase expansion." Applied Thermal Engineering 192 (June 2021): 116852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116852.

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25

Jeong, Hye-In, and Sang-Hoon Kim. "Expansion of Current Reconstruction Areas in Three-Leg Type Two-Phase Inverters." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 71, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2022.71.10.1376.

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26

TASHIRO, Hiroyuki, and Yuji TOMITA. "Sudden expansion of gas-solid two-phase flow in vertical upward flow." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 51, no. 463 (1985): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.51.783.

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27

Zhang, Dawei, and Afshin Goharzadeh. "Effect of Sudden Expansion on Two-Phase Flow in a Horizontal Pipe." Fluid Dynamics 54, no. 1 (January 2019): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0015462819010178.

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28

Founti, M., and A. Klipfel. "Experimental and computational investigations of nearly dense two-phase sudden expansion flows." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 17, no. 1-2 (May 1998): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-1777(97)10046-2.

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29

Lee, Dong Hyun. "Transition velocity and bed expansion of two-phase (liquid-solid) fluidization systems." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 18, no. 3 (May 2001): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02699176.

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30

Espinosa-Paredes, Gilberto, Octavio Cazarez-Candia, Alfonso Garcia-Gutierrez, and Jeannette Martinez-Mendez. "Void fraction propagation in a bubbly two-phase flow with expansion effects." Annals of Nuclear Energy 29, no. 11 (July 2002): 1261–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4549(01)00111-6.

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31

NAKAGAWA, Masafumi, Hiroki MIYAZAKI, Atsushi HARADA, and Zokirjon IBRAGIMOV. "Expansion Waves at the Outlet of the Supersonic Two-Phase Flow Nozzle." Journal of Thermal Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (2007): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jtst.2.291.

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32

NAKAGAWA, Masafumi, and Atsushi HARADA. "654 Expansion Fan in High-Speed Two-Phase Flow around a Corner." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2009.58 (2009): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2009.58.397.

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33

TASHIRO, Hiroyuki, and Yuji TOMITA. "Sudden Expansion of Gas-solid Two-phase Flow in Vertical Upward Flow." Bulletin of JSME 28, no. 245 (1985): 2625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.28.2625.

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34

Kanno, Hiroshi, and Naoki Shikazono. "Experimental and modeling study on adiabatic two-phase expansion in a cylinder." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 86 (July 2015): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.02.059.

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35

Ameur, K., Z. Aidoun, and M. Ouzzane. "Expansion of subcooled refrigerant in two-phase ejectors with no flux induction." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 82 (April 2017): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.12.001.

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36

Liu, Xie Quan, Xin Hua Ni, Shu Qin Zhang, and Wan Heng He. "Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Ni Base Alloy Composite Coating Containing Spheroidal Ceramic Grains." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2148.

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Анотація:

Ni base alloy composite coating containing spheroidal ceramic grains can be fabricated by a vacuum fusion sintering method. Composite coating was mainly composed of Ni base alloy and spheroidal ceramic grains with random orientation. The three-phase model is used to determine the thermal expansion coefficient of the composite coating. First, Eshebly-Mori-Tanaka method was used to determine thermal disturbance strain in two-phase cell aroused thermal inconsistency. Then, average thermal strain in the two-phase cell aroused by thermal inconsistency is gained by the means of volume equilibration. The two-phase cell is transverse isotropy and has two independent thermal expansion coefficients. Finely, based on mean strain of Ni base alloy ceramic composite coating containing spheroidal ceramic grains, the effective thermal expansion coefficient of the composite coating is obtained by considering random orientation of two-phase cells. Ni base alloy composite coating containing spheroidal ceramic grains is isotropy and has one independent thermal expansion coefficient.

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37

Rai, Nirmal K., and Tariq D. Aslam. "Evaluation of thermodynamic closure models for partially reacted two-phase mixture of condensed phase explosives." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 18 (May 14, 2022): 185902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085208.

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One of the key fundamental issues that is crucial in the continuum modeling of reactive flow phenomena is the thermodynamically consistent description of reaction mixture properties. To define the mixture properties, thermodynamic closure rules that relate the properties of the individual reaction components to the mixture properties are required. In the context of reactive two-phase modeling approaches, various strategies to define the thermodynamic closures have been adopted such as pressure temperature (PT) equilibrium between the individual reaction components, pressure (specific) volume (PV) equilibrium, etc. The choice of closure rules determines the relative distribution of specific volume and energy across the reaction components that comprise the mixture. Therefore, depending on the choice of the closure, the mixture thermodynamic behavior can vary. The present work examines the effect of different closure approaches on the thermodynamic properties of the reaction mixture. The analysis is performed for a condensed phase HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) based plastic bonded explosive (PBX) 9501 explosive using four different thermodynamic closures, viz., PT equilibrium, PV equilibrium, volume temperature (VT) equilibrium, and pressure (P) equilibrium with reactants on an isentrope. The relative variations in the thermodynamic properties of the mixture are analyzed and compared under both compression and expansion loading regimes. It is shown that out of the four closure models, only PT equilibrium and P equilibrium closures lead to a thermodynamically accurate description of the mixture under both compression and expansion.

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38

Firoozabadi, Abbas, and Huanquan Pan. "Two-Phase Isentropic Compressibility and Two-Phase Sonic Velocity for Multicomponent-Hydrocarbon Mixtures." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 3, no. 04 (August 1, 2000): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/65403-pa.

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Summary Two-phase compressibility and two-phase sonic velocity of hydrocarbon mixtures are needed for a variety of applications in well testing, metering, and seismic exploration. In this work, a thermodynamic model is presented to estimate the two-phase isentropic compressibility and two-phase sonic velocity. The model accounts for the mass transfer between the equilibrium phases and the effect of capillary pressure. The results reveal that isothermal and isentropic compressibilities can be different by a factor of 20 in the two-phase near the retrograde dewpoint. With the exception of the retrograde dewpoint, the difference between the isentropic compressibility in the single phase and two phase is less than the corresponding difference for the isothermal compressibility. The sonic velocity in the two phase can be either less or more than the single phase. For the hydrocarbon mixtures that the sonic velocity decreases in the two phase, the decrease is much less pronounced than in nonhydrocarbon systems such as water-steam and water-air. Introduction Fluid compressibility and sonic velocity are used for a wide range of problems in the production and exploration of hydrocarbon reservoirs. These include well testing, metering, and seismic exploration. Various methods are available for the estimation of compressibility and sonic velocity in the single phase—both gas and liquid states.1 For hydrocarbon mixtures in the two-phase state, the available methods are unreliable. Compressibility is often defined on the basis of the thermodynamic path. For an isothermal process, the compressibility relates volume change to pressure change at constant temperature. In an isentropic path, the volume and pressure changes are given by isentropic compressibility. These two compressibilities in the single-phase state are related by2 c T = ( c P / c V ) c S , ( 1 ) where c T is the isothermal compressibility and cS is the isentropic compressibility; cP and cV are the heat capacity at constant pressure and volume, respectively. Since cPâ‰¥cV, then cTâ‰¥cS. The difference between cT and cS depends on pressure, temperature, and composition, and may vary from 10 to 300% in the single phase for pure hydrocarbons. Available techniques are adequate for the reliable estimation of cT and cS for hydrocarbon mixtures in the single-phase state. For reservoir engineering applications, cT represents the fluid compressibility in the reservoir away from the wellbore. In the wellbore, due to expansion, the fluid may undergo heating or cooling and the process may become nonisothermal. If the heat loss can be neglected, the isentropic compressibility may better represent the pressure and volume changes. In many real applications, the compressibility is perhaps between the two limits. Fluid compressibility in the two-phase gas-liquid state can be very different from the single-phase gas and liquid states. While the gas-phase compressibility is higher than the liquid phase, the two-phase gas-liquid compressibility can be higher than the gas-phase compressibility. The procedure for the calculation of the isothermal two-phase compressibility of hydrocarbon mixtures is presented in Ref. 3. It is clear from the work of Ref. 3 that any averaging technique based on individual phase compressibilities is unacceptable, and may lead to an order of magnitude error. The results presented in Ref. 3 are based on the assumption that the interface between the gas and liquid phases is flat. In porous media, the interface is curved and, therefore, capillary pressure may affect the two-phase compressibility. One purpose of this work is to account for the effect of capillary pressure on two-phase compressibility. Similar to the single phase, where two types of compressibility—isentropic and isothermal—are defined, in the two phase, one can also define isothermal and isentropic compressibilities. To our knowledge, there is no rigorous procedure in the literature for the estimation of two-phase isentropic compressibility of hydrocarbon mixtures. In the two phase for a constant entropy path, mass transfer between phases becomes important. A main objective of this work is to propose the methodology for the calculation of the two-phase isentropic compressibility using a cubic equation of state to describe all the physical parameters. Two-phase isentropic compressibility may be more appropriate than two-phase isothermal compressibility for well-testing applications in two-phase flowing conditions; around the welbore due to expansion, temperature may rise or may fall.2 Closely related to compressibility is the sonic velocity, which is an important parameter in seismic and well-logging technologies. The sonic velocity and the compressibility are related by a=v/cS, where a is the sonic velocity, v is the fluid molar volume, and cS is the isentropic compressibility.

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39

Mahmood, Raid A., Khalid Saleh, Veyan A. Musa, Enass Massoud, Ahmad Sharifian-Barforoush, and Lokman A. Abdulkareem. "Two-Phase Flow Development of R134a in a Horizontal Pipe: Computational Investigation." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 1532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390515.

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To improve the performance of vapor compression refrigeration systems that use vertical gravitational flash tank separators, the liquid separation efficiency of the vertical gravitational flash tank separator requires to be approved. To approach this improvement, the two-phase flow development and its behavior after the expansion device need to be investigated and predicted. For thus, this paper presents a three-dimensional computational investigation of the two-phase flow development of R134a after the expansion device in a horizontal pipe. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) was used to predict the two-phase development and its behavior in the horizontal pipe. ANSYS 16.2 program was used to generates the geometry of the three-dimensional horizontal pipe of 2 meters long and 25 mm inner diameter. The hexahedral mesh was generated and it is assessed to obtain the optimum mesh size and number. Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase model was used with k-ɛ turbulence model. R134a was used as a working fluid in the horizontal pipe utilizing four different inlet diameters: 12, 12.5, 25, and 50.0 mm. Mass flux and vapor quality have been changed from 288 to 447 kg/m2.s and from 10 to 20% respectively. Results were validated against experimental results from the literature and revealed that the separation region length is affected by the initial phase velocities, inlet vapor quality, and inlet tube diameter. An empirical correlation to predict the expansion region length is proposed as a function of Froude, Webber, and Lockhart-Martinelli numbers.

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40

Dvorak, G. J. "Thermal Expansion of Elastic-Plastic Composite Materials." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171852.

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Exact relationships are derived between instantaneous overall thermal stress or strain vectors and instantaneous overall mechanical stiffness or compliance, for two binary composite systems in which one of the phases may deform plastically. Also, the local instantaneous thermal strain and stress concentration factors are related in an exact way to the corresponding mechanical concentration factors. The results depend on instantaneous thermoelastic constants and volume fractions of the phases. They are found for fibrous composites with two distinct elastically isotropic or transversely isotropic phases, and for any binary composite with elastically isotropic phases. The results indicate that in the plastic range the thermal and mechanical loading effects are coupled even if the phase properties do not depend on changes in temperature. The derivation is based on a novel decomposition procedure which shows that spatially uniform elastic strain fields can be created in certain heterogeneous media by superposition of uniform phase eigenstrains with local strains, caused by piecewise uniform stress fields which are in equilibrium with prescribed surface tractions. The method is extended to discretized microstructures, and also to the analysis of moisture absorption and phase transformation effects on overall response and on local fields in the two composite materials.

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41

Santoso, Agus, Daiki Goto, Tomoaki Takehira, Ahmad Aslam, Akimaro Kawahara, and Michio Sadatomi. "Non-Newtonian Two-Phase Flow Characteristics across Sudden Expansion in Horizontal Rectangular Minichannel." World Journal of Mechanics 06, no. 08 (2016): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjm.2016.68021.

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42

Nakagawa, Masafumi, Atsushi Harada, and Menandro Serrano Berana. "Analysis of Expansion Waves Appearing in the Outlets of Two-Phase Flow Nozzles." HVAC&R Research 15, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1065–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2009.10390879.

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43

Banasiak, Krzysztof, and Armin Hafner. "1D Computational model of a two-phase R744 ejector for expansion work recovery." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 50, no. 11 (November 2011): 2235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.06.007.

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44

Roman, Abdeel J., Jamie S. Ervin, and Joseph Cronin. "Studies of two-phase flow through a sudden expansion using electrical capacitance tomography." International Journal of Refrigeration 119 (November 2020): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.07.002.

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45

Lyubarskii, S. D., and A. S. Ivanov. "Motion of a compressed two-phase medium of bulk density upon sudden expansion." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 25, no. 3 (1989): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00788810.

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46

Abd El-Bar, S. E. "Orbital evolution dynamics of two satellites in encounter phase using multiple scales expansion." Astrophysics and Space Science 350, no. 1 (December 19, 2013): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-013-1744-3.

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47

Arridge, R. G. C. "The Thermal expansion of a two-phase composite with body-centred cubic symmetry." Materials Science and Engineering: A 117 (September 1989): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(89)90093-2.

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48

Jin, Hanhui, Jun Xia, Jianren Fan, and Kefa Cen. "Numerical simulation of swirling gas-solid two phase flow through a pipe expansion." Journal of Thermal Science 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11630-001-0007-8.

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49

Briane, Marc, and Yves Capdeboscq. "Expansion formulae for the homogenized determinant of anisotropic checkerboards." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2073 (April 11, 2006): 2759–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1690.

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In this paper, some effective properties of anisotropic four-phase periodic checkerboards are studied in two-dimensional electrostatics. An explicit low-contrast second-order expansion for the determinant of the effective conductivity is given. In the case of a two-phase checkerboard with commuting conductivities, the expansion reduces to an explicit formula for the effective determinant (valid for any contrast) as soon as the second-order term vanishes. Such an explicit formula cannot be extended to four-phase checkerboards. A counter-example with high-contrast conductivities is provided. The construction of the counter-example is based on a factorization principle, due to Astala & Nesi, which allows us to pass from an anisotropic four-phase square checkerboard to an isotropic one with the same effective determinant.

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50

ZHOU, YUNSONG, and D. L. LIN. "PHASE DIAGRAMS FOR FILMS OF TWO-COMPONENT MAGNETIC ALLOYS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 28 (November 10, 2000): 3279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200002417.

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Phase diagrams for diluted bulk magnetic alloys and two-component magnetic films are investigated. On the basis of the Ising model for layered structures, we calculate the transition temperature as a function of the relative concentration x by means of the variational cumulant expansion. Both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions are considered and the exchange coupling constants between different atoms are treated as adjustable parameters. Experimental phase diagrams in the Tc-x plane for both La 2 Cu 1-x Zn x O 4 and Sm 2 Fe 14-x Co x Si 2 are qualitatively accounted for, and phase diagrams for a randomly mixed two-component thin film of magnetic alloys are predicted.

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