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Книги з теми "Two component signalling systems"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. Two-component signaling systems. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press/Elsevier, 2007.

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2

I, Simon Melvin, Crane Brian R, and Crane Alexandrine, eds. Two-component signaling systems. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 2007.

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3

Bejan, Adrian, and Giuseppe Grazzini, eds. Shape and Thermodynamics. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-836-9.

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Shape and Thermodynamics is a two-day international Workshop focused on the Constructal Theory of generation of configuration in nature and engineering. From the early developments related to tree configurations for the cooling of electronics, today Constructal theory is being applied to conceptual design of transportation net-works, river basins, living bodies, building materials and many other flow systems. Constructal theory is also enriching thermo-dynamics, from basic theory to design and optimization. This theory approaches design "as science", with the generation of configuration regarded as a phenomenon of all physics, based on principle (the Constructal law). For example, Constructal Theory contributes to the evolution of fuel cells, in the design of cooling channels, the optimal feeding of reactants, etc. Important applications are also found in the design of heat exchangers, district heating networks, etc. The growing scientific literature on Constructal Theory has an important Italian component, although further dissemination is timely. Moreover, the relation with other thermodynamic research areas deserves to be explored. Website: Shape and Thermodinamics

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4

Gross, Roy, and Dagmar Beier. Two-Component Systems in Bacteria. Caister Academic Press Limited, 2012.

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5

Two‐Component Signaling Systems, Part A. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(06)x2200-0.

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6

Two‐Component Signaling Systems, Part B. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(07)x2302-4.

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7

Crane, Brian, Melvin I. Simon, and Alexandrine Crane. Two-Component Signaling Systems, Part C. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2010.

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8

Crane, Brian, Melvin I. Simon, and Alexandrine Crane. Two-Component Signaling Systems, Part B. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2007.

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9

Crane, Brian, Melvin I. Simon, and Alexandrine Crane. Two-Component Signaling Systems, Part A. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2011.

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10

Defonseka, Chris. Two-Component Polyurethane Systems: Innovative Processing Methods. De Gruyter, Inc., 2019.

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11

Defonseka, Chris. Two-Component Polyurethane Systems: Innovative Processing Methods. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2019.

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12

Defonseka, Chris. Two-Component Polyurethane Systems: Innovative Processing Methods. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2019.

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13

Methods in Enzymology: Two-Component Signaling Systems, Part C. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-01922-9.

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14

(Editor), Melvin I. Simon, Brian Crane (Editor), and Alexandrine Crane (Editor), eds. Two-Component Signaling Systems, Part B, Volume 423 (Methods in Enzymology). Academic Press, 2007.

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15

(Editor), Melvin I. Simon, Brian Crane (Editor), and Alexandrine Crane (Editor), eds. Two-Component Signaling Systems, Part A, Volume 422 (Methods in Enzymology) (Methods in Enzymology). Academic Press, 2007.

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16

Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Vitamin B3 (niacin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0009.

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Niacin (as nicotinamide) is a component of coenzyme systems that function in the reductive biosynthesis of fatty acids and steroids, including cholesterol, and are involved in cell signalling. Niacin deficiency is rare, as the daily requirement can usually be met by food sources, and also via synthesis from tryptophan, which is present in dietary proteins. The prevalence of niacin deficiency is higher in populations consuming mainly corn or sorghum as a dietary staple. Corn contains niacin, but only in a bound form that is nutritionally unavailable. The additional needs for niacin during pregnancy are mirrored by the increased energy intake needs, and dietary supplementation is only necessary in cases of overall poor nutritional intake.

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17

Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Aposematism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.003.0007.

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Aposematism is the pairing of two kinds of defensive phenotype: an often repellent secondary defence that typically renders prey unprofitable to predators if they attack them and some evolved signal that indicates the presence of that defence. Aposematic signals often work to modify the behaviours of predators both before and during attacks. Warning coloration, for example, may increase wariness and hence improve the chances that a chemically defended prey is released unharmed after an attack. An aposematic signal may therefore first tend to reduce the probability that a predator commences attack (a primary defence) and then (as a component of secondary defence) reduce the probability that the prey is injured or killed during any subsequent attack. In this chapter we will consider both the primary and the secondary effects of aposematic signals on prey protection. We begin first by describing the common features of aposematic signals and attempting to show the wide use to which aposematic signalling is deployed across animals (and perhaps plants too). We then review the interesting evolutionary issues aposematic signals raise, including their initial evolution and their integration with sexual and other signals. We also discuss important ecological, co-evolutionary, and macroevolutionary consequences of aposematism.

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18

Prescott, Tony J., and Paul F. M. J. Verschure. Living Machines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0001.

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Biomimetics is the development of novel technologies through the distillation of principles from the study of biological systems. Biohybrid systems are formed by at least one biological component—an already existing living system—and at least one artificial, newly engineered component. The development of either biomimetic or biohybrid systems requires a deep understanding of the operation of living systems, and the two fields are united under the theme of “living machines”—the idea that we can construct artifacts that not only mimic life but share some of the same fundamental principles. This chapter sets out the philosophy and history underlying this Living Machines approach and sets the scene for the remainder of this book.

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19

Prescott, Tony J., Nathan Lepora, and Paul F. M. J. Verschure, eds. Living machines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.001.0001.

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Biomimetics is the development of novel technologies through the distillation of ideas from the study of biological systems. Biohybrids are formed through the combination of at least one biological component—an existing living system—and at least one artificial, newly engineered component. These two fields are united under the theme of Living Machines—the idea that we can construct artifacts that not only mimic life but also build on the same fundamental principles. The research described in this volume seeks to understand and emulate life’s ability to self-organize, metabolize, grow, and reproduce; to match the functions of living tissues and organs such as muscles, skin, eyes, ears, and neural circuits; to replicate cognitive and physical capacities such as perception, attention, locomotion, grasp, emotion, and consciousness; and to assemble all of these elements into integrated systems that can hold a technological mirror to life or that have the capacity to merge with it. We conclude with contributions from philosophers, ethicists, and futurists on the potential impacts of this remarkable research on society and on how we see ourselves.

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20

Turk, Alice, and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel. Speech Timing. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795421.001.0001.

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This is a book about the architecture of the speech-production planning process and speech motor control. It is written in reaction to a debate in the literature about the nature of phonological representations, which are proposed to be spatiotemporal by some, and symbolic (atemporal) by others. Making this choice about the nature of phonological representation has several fundamental implications for the architecture of the speech-production planning system, notably with regard to the number of planning components and the type of timing mechanisms. In systems with symbolic phonological representations, a separate phonetic planning component is required for speakers to plan the details of surface timing and spatial characteristics for each context. In contrast, the Articulatory Phonology system, which proposes spatiotemporal phonological representations, has a very different architecture, with fewer components. These contrasting assumptions about the spatiotemporal vs. symbolic nature of phonological representations have important consequences for how these two approaches deal with timing issues. This is because time is intrinsic to phonological representations in Articulatory Phonology, but is not part of symbolic phonology. These two proposals are evaluated in light of existing literature on speech and non-speech timing behavior. Evidence that challenges the Articulatory Phonology model inspired a sketch of a new model of the production process, based on symbolic phonological representations and a separate phonetic planning component to specify surface-timing details. This approach provides an appropriate account of what is known about motor timing in general and speech timing in particular. Keywords

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21

Crits-Christoph, Paul, and Jacques P. Barber. Psychological Treatments for Personality Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0027.

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For the treatment of borderline personality disorder, a meta-analysis found statistically significant effects indicating a beneficial effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) over treatment as usual for reduction in anger, parasuicidality, and mental health. All of these effects were moderate to large. However, DBT is not uniquely effective for borderline personality disorder. Two type 1 randomized controlled trials found equal effects for versions of psychodynamic therapy. Single type 1 studies have also supported the efficacy, compared to treatment as usual, of cognitive therapy, schema therapy, and Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS, a therapy that combines cognitive-behavioral techniques and skills training with a systems component) as treatments for borderline personality disorder.

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22

Vartanian, Oshin. Internal Orientation in Aesthetic Experience. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.17.

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There is considerable evidence to suggest that aesthetic experiences engage a distributed set of structures in the brain, and likely emerge from the interactions of multiple neural systems. In addition, aside from an external (i.e., object-focused) orientation, aesthetic experiences also involve an internal (i.e., person-focused) orientation. This internal orientation appears to have two dissociable neural components: one component involves the processing of visceral feeling states (i.e., interoception) and primarily engages the insula, whereas the other involves the processing of self-referential, autobiographical, and narrative information, and is represented by activation in the default mode network. Evidence supporting this neural dissociation has provided insights into processes that can lead to deep and moving aesthetic experiences.

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23

Zhiming, Bao. The Systemic Nature of Substratum Transfer. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.024.

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This chapter discusses four grammatical systems in Singapore English that are transferred from Chinese: aspect, pragmatic particles, topicalization, and quantification. Proper analysis of the relevant substrate features reveals extensive clustering: features which form a grammatical system transfer together. Substratum transfer targets the grammatical system, and the transferred system is then exponenced with suitable morphosyntactic materials from the lexifier, filtering out those component features for which the lexifier has no well-formed morphosyntactic exponent. The analysis of the four systems shows that post-transfer stabilization is subject to the normative effect of English. It is argued that data obtained through introspection and corpora are complementary, and substrate-induced grammatical change is best accounted for in a usage-based model that uses the two types of data.

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24

Kaplan, Ronald M. Syntax. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0004.

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This article introduces some of the phenomena that theories of natural language syntax aim to explain. It briefly discusses a few of the formal approaches to syntax that have figured prominently in computational research and implementation. The fundamental problem of syntax is to characterize the relation between semantic predicate-argument relations and the superficial word and phrase configurations by which a language expresses them. The major task of syntactic theory is to define an explicit notation for writing grammars. This article details a framework called transformational grammar that combines a context-free phrase-structure grammar with another component of transformations that specify how trees of a given form can be transformed into other trees in a systematic way. Finally, it mentions briefly two syntactic systems that are of linguistic and computational interest, namely, generalized phrase structure grammar and tree-adjoining grammars.

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25

Butow, Phyllis N. Issues in coding cancer consultations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0064.

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It is now well accepted that communication between the health professional and the patient is a critical component of quality patient care, and that poor communication can adversely affect both patient and health professional outcomes. However, audits of doctor and nurse communication with patients have consistently revealed deficits, prompting the growth of communication skills training for both junior and senior clinicians, and the publication of communication guidelines for various challenging situations. Interaction analysis systems (IAS) enable the analysis of communication between the doctor, patient, family, and other health professionals in a qualitative and quantitative fashion. They are used as descriptive and outcome measures in research into medical communication, as well as to provide feedback to individual clinicians on their behaviour. Two types of IAS can be identified: ‘content’ systems, which describe task-oriented behaviour; and ‘process’ systems, which measure socio-emotional behaviour. This chapter describes and compares a variety of IAS.

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26

Romagnoli, Stefano, and Giovanni Zagli. Blood pressure monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0131.

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Two major systems are available for measuring blood pressure (BP)—the indirect cuff method and direct arterial cannulation. In critically-ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the invasive blood pressure is the ‘gold standard’ as a tight control of BP values, and its change over time is important for choosing therapies and drugs titration. Since artefacts due to the inappropriate dynamic responses of the fluid-filled monitoring systems may lead to clinically relevant differences between actual and displayed pressure values, before considering the BP value shown as reliable, the critical care giver should carefully evaluate the presence/absence of artefacts (over- or under-damping/resonance). After the arterial pressure waveform quality has been verified, the observation of each component of the arterial wave (systolic upstroke, peak, systolic decline, small pulse of reflected pressure waves, dicrotic notch) may provide a number of useful haemodynamic information. In fact, changes in the arterial pulse contour are due the interaction between the heart beat and the whole vascular properties. Vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, shock states (cardiogenic, hypovolaemic, distributive, obstructive), valve diseases (aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation), ventricular dysfunction, cardiac tamponade are associated with particular arterial waveform characteristics that may suggest to the physician underlying condition that could be necessary to investigate properly. Finally, the effects of positive-pressure mechanical ventilation on heart–lung interaction, may suggest the existence of an absolute or relative hypovolaemia by means of the so-called dynamic indices of fluid responsiveness.

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27

Taji, Acram, and John Reganold. Organic Agriculture. Edited by Paul Kristiansen. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094604.

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With global revenue surpassing twenty-five billion dollars annually, organic agriculture is a highly visible and rapidly growing component of agricultural production. In Organic Agriculture: A Global Perspective, Paul Kristiansen, Acram Taji, and John Reganold, and their international group of contributors scientifically review key aspects of organic agriculture. At the intersection of research, education, and practice, the contributors look at the organic agricultural movement’s successes and limitations. The first half of this book critically evaluates the agricultural production of both plants and livestock in organic farming systems. All major aspects of organic agriculture are explored, including historical background and underlying principles, soil-fertility management, crop and animal production, breeding strategies, and crop protection. This global and comprehensive overview also addresses the economic, social, and political aspects of organic farming. These include economics and marketing; standards and certification; environmental impacts and social responsibility; and research, education, and extension. The book is a unique and timely science-based international work documenting current practices in organic agriculture and evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. For more than two decades, research into organic methods by mainstream scientists has generated a large body of information that can now be integrated and used for assessing the actual impacts of organic farming in a wide range of disciplines. The knowledge of selected international experts has been combined in one volume, providing a comprehensive review of organic farming globally. Researchers, teachers, extensionists, students, primary producers and others around the world who are interested in sustainable agriculture will find this book to be a valuable and reliable resource.

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28

Olsson, Gustaf. Water Interactions – A Systemic View. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062908.

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Abstract During the last two decades, the interrelationship between water and energy has become recognized. Likewise, the couplings to food and agriculture are getting increasingly obvious and alarming. In the last year, a record number of extreme weather events have been reported from most parts of the world. This is a visible demonstration how consequences of climate change must be understood and alleviated. The impacts of economics, lifestyle, and alarming inequalities are becoming increasingly recognisable. If the wealthy part of the world is not willing not make radical changes it does not matter what the less wealthy half of the global population will do to meet the climate and resource crisis. The purpose of the book is to demonstrate and describe how climate change, water, energy, food, and lifestyle are closely depending on each other. It is not sufficient to handle one discipline isolated from the others. This is the traditional “component view”. The book defines and describes a systems view. The communications and relationships between the “components” have to be described and recognized. Consequently, the development of one discipline must be approached from a systems perspective. At the same time, the success of the systems perspective depends on the degree of knowledge of the individual parts or disciplines. The catchphrase of systems thinking has been caught in the phrase, “The whole is more than the sum of its parts”. The idea is not new: the origin of this phrase is to be found already in Aristotle's Metaphysics more than 2300 years ago. The text may serve as an academic text (in engineering, economics, and environmental science) to introduce senior undergraduate and graduate students into systems thinking. Too often education encourages a “silo” thinking. Current global challenges can't be solved in isolation; they depend on each other. For example, water professionals should have a basic understanding of energy issues. Energy professionals ought to understand the dependency on water. Economic students should learn more how economy depends on natural resources like energy and water. Economics must include the environmental impact and ecological ceiling of economic activities. ISBN: 9781789062892 (print) ISBN: 9781789062908 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789062915 (ePUB)

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