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Статті в журналах з теми "Two-component grout"
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Todaro, Carmine, Simone Saltarin, and Marilena Cardu. "Bentonite in two-component grout applications." Case Studies in Construction Materials 16 (June 2022): e00901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e00901.
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Todaro, Carmine, Daniele Martinelli, Alessandro Boscaro, Andrea Carigi, Simone Saltarin, and Daniele Peila. "Characteristics and testing of two‐component grout in tunnelling applications." Geomechanics and Tunnelling 15, no. 1 (February 2022): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/geot.202100019.
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Shah, Ravi, Arash A. Lavasan, Daniele Peila, Carmine Todaro, Andrea Luciani, and Tom Schanz. "Numerical Study on Backfilling the Tail Void Using a Two-Component Grout." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 3 (March 2018): 04018003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002175.
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Sharghi, Mohammad, Hamid Chakeri, and Yilmaz Ozcelik. "Investigation into the effects of two component grout properties on surface settlements." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 63 (March 2017): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.01.004.
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Oggeri, Claudio, Pierpaolo Oreste, and Giovanni Spagnoli. "Creep behaviour of two-component grout and interaction with segmental lining in tunnelling." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 119 (January 2022): 104216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104216.
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Todaro, Carmine, Andrea Carigi, Daniele Martinelli, and Daniele Peila. "Study of the shear strength evolution over time of two-component backfilling grout in shield tunnelling." Case Studies in Construction Materials 15 (December 2021): e00689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00689.
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Oggeri, Claudio, Pierpaolo Oreste, and Giovanni Spagnoli. "The influence of the two-component grout on the behaviour of a segmental lining in tunnelling." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 109 (March 2021): 103750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103750.
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Jia, Heyang, Xiaolong Li, Meimei Hao, Yang Li, Yanhui Zhong, and Bei Zhang. "Test Method for the Solubility Model of Physical Blowing Agent of Self-Expanding Polymer." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5566754.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims to present a solubility model of physical blowing agent (PBA) for a kind of commonly used self-expanding polymer on engineering. The self-expanding polymer contains Component A (isocyanate) and Component B (polyhydric alcohol, PBA, water, and catalyst). Component B grout of the polymer, which contains PBA, was heated to measure its temperature and volume variations. Based on the principle of mass conservation and Clapeyron equation, the solubility curve of PBA with respect to temperature was calculated. The solubility curve was then applied to simulate the foaming process. A two-component polymer grout foaming experiment was then carried out to verify the applicability of the measured solubility curve. The simulated changes of temperature and density with respect to time of polymer grout were analyzed and compared with experimental results. The error of both sets of curves is within 5%, which shows a good agreement among them and proves the feasibility of the solubility model. This study provides a relatively complete test and verification process for the solubility model of PBA, which lays a theoretical foundation for both the polymer grouting diffusion mechanism and engineering application.
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Todaro, Carmine, Alberto Godio, Daniele Martinelli, and Daniele Peila. "Ultrasonic measurements for assessing the elastic parameters of two-component grout used in full-face mechanized tunnelling." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 106 (December 2020): 103630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103630.
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Han, Xiao Ming, and Er Bu Shen. "The Technique of Single-Component Synchronous Grouting Allocation to Resist Floating in High Pressure Water-Rich Formation." Key Engineering Materials 889 (June 16, 2021): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.889.171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In high pressure water-rich formation, the grout is diluted by groundwater, could not develop early strength as quickly as possible for the dissipation of cementing material, failed to fill effectively the space between the segment and formation, which is unhelpful to control segment floating. In this study, by adding a variety of organic and inorganic materials to reduce grout setting time, meanwhile ensure the low loss of fluidity, high anti-aqueous dispersions, low shrinkage, finally, to achieved better effect than Two-component grouting.
Дисертації з теми "Two-component grout"
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Faralla, Cristina <1986>. "Analysis of Two Component Systems in Group B Streptococcus Shows that RgfAC and the Novel FspSR Modulate Virulence and Bacterial Fitness." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6440/1/Faralla_Cristina_tesi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), in its transition from commensal to pathogen, will encounter diverse host environments and thus require coordinately controlling its transcriptional responses to these changes. This work was aimed at better understanding the role of two component signal transduction systems (TCS) in GBS pathophysiology through a systematic screening procedure. We first performed a complete inventory and sensory mechanism classification of all putative GBS TCS by genomic analysis. Five TCS were further investigated by the generation of knock-out strains, and in vitro transcriptome analysis identified genes regulated by these systems, ranging from 0.1-3% of the genome. Interestingly, two sugar phosphotransferase systems appeared differently regulated in the knock-out mutant of TCS-16, suggesting an involvement in monitoring carbon source availability. High throughput analysis of bacterial growth on different carbon sources showed that TCS-16 was necessary for growth of GBS on fructose-6-phosphate. Additional transcriptional analysis provided further evidence for a stimulus-response circuit where extracellular fructose-6-phosphate leads to autoinduction of TCS-16 with concomitant dramatic up-regulation of the adjacent operon encoding a phosphotransferase system. The TCS-16-deficient strain exhibited decreased persistence in a model of vaginal colonization and impaired growth/survival in the presence of vaginal mucoid components. All mutant strains were also characterized in a murine model of systemic infection, and inactivation of TCS-17 (also known as RgfAC) resulted in hypervirulence. Our data suggest a role for the previously unknown TCS-16, here named FspSR, in bacterial fitness and carbon metabolism during host colonization, and also provide experimental evidence for TCS-17/RgfAC involvement in virulence.
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Faralla, Cristina <1986>. "Analysis of Two Component Systems in Group B Streptococcus Shows that RgfAC and the Novel FspSR Modulate Virulence and Bacterial Fitness." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6440/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), in its transition from commensal to pathogen, will encounter diverse host environments and thus require coordinately controlling its transcriptional responses to these changes. This work was aimed at better understanding the role of two component signal transduction systems (TCS) in GBS pathophysiology through a systematic screening procedure. We first performed a complete inventory and sensory mechanism classification of all putative GBS TCS by genomic analysis. Five TCS were further investigated by the generation of knock-out strains, and in vitro transcriptome analysis identified genes regulated by these systems, ranging from 0.1-3% of the genome. Interestingly, two sugar phosphotransferase systems appeared differently regulated in the knock-out mutant of TCS-16, suggesting an involvement in monitoring carbon source availability. High throughput analysis of bacterial growth on different carbon sources showed that TCS-16 was necessary for growth of GBS on fructose-6-phosphate. Additional transcriptional analysis provided further evidence for a stimulus-response circuit where extracellular fructose-6-phosphate leads to autoinduction of TCS-16 with concomitant dramatic up-regulation of the adjacent operon encoding a phosphotransferase system. The TCS-16-deficient strain exhibited decreased persistence in a model of vaginal colonization and impaired growth/survival in the presence of vaginal mucoid components. All mutant strains were also characterized in a murine model of systemic infection, and inactivation of TCS-17 (also known as RgfAC) resulted in hypervirulence. Our data suggest a role for the previously unknown TCS-16, here named FspSR, in bacterial fitness and carbon metabolism during host colonization, and also provide experimental evidence for TCS-17/RgfAC involvement in virulence.
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Wang, Mei-Wei, and 王美崴. "Comparisons of Individual and Group Replacement Policies for Two-Component Systems." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54338155835300508712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
103
In order to provide consumers with the choice of a variety of products, manufacturers must continue to develop new products. The development process must take the manufacturing process into account and consider the operational status of the production line equipment. Without a proper plan of equipment maintenance, it may cause the unexpected shutdowns of the production line and spend the extra maintenance cost. Therefore, this thesis investigates the case when the equipment of manufacturer is a two-component system which is connected in parallel or series. The replacement policies under consideration are individual and group. When a component fails during the operation, it is rectified by a minimal repair. In order to reduce the number of failures, a scheduled replacement may be required to replace the component preventively at the pre-specified time. Under this maintenance scheme, the mathematical formula of the expected total cost rate for a two-component system is derived, and then the optimal preventive replacement policy is obtained such that the expected total disbursement cost rate is minimized. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the impact of the optimal preventive replacement on the total disbursement cost rate.
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Hsu, Tzu-Chun, and 徐子淳. "Comparisons of Individual and Group Replacement Policies for Two-Component Systems with Weibull Lifetime Distributions." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ns4566.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
104
This paper investigates the comparisons of optimal replacement policies for two-component repairable systems with Weibull lifetime distributions and analyzes the influence of the related downtime cost for individual and group replacement policies under series and parallel systems. The system consists of two components by series and parallel. When any component fails in the operation time, the failed component is rectified by a minimal repair. Due to the inevitable deterioration of the component, it may fail more frequently as its age increases. To minimize the number of failures, a preventive replacement action should be carried out at a pre-specified time. For series system, the system fails whenever one of the components fails and a minimal repair is carried out to rectify the failed component. For parallel system, the operation of each component is independent, that is, any failure of component will not affect the normal operation of the system. When the related downtime cost is high, it might be worthwhile to replace both components at the same time instead of replacing them separately. Under these maintenance schemes, this paper will construct cost models of series and parallel systems with individual replacement and group replacement. Furthermore, the optimal individual and group replacement policies are obtained and compared. Simultaneously, some criterions are derived to choose individual or group replacement policies for components of parallel and series systems.
Книги з теми "Two-component grout"
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Troisi, Alfonso. Care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on the impact of the doctor–patient relationship on patients’ physiology and well-being. The core of the chapter reports recent data on the physiological changes associated with placebo and nocebo effects and relates these findings to the impact of social relationships on health and disease. On average, the placebo effect’s relative weight in therapeutic improvement is around 40%. The most important component of the placebo effect is the doctor–patient relationship, and this is addressed by looking at the evolution of the behavior that underlies any medical act: care of the sick. Natural selection favored the evolution of behaviors aimed at helping group companions who were wounded or sick, through two different mechanisms: kin selection and reciprocal altruism. For a long period of human evolutionary history, care of the sick followed the path of intimate and affectionate relationships. Delegation to unfamiliar experts trained in medical science came much later. The take-home message of the chapter is that the opposition between humanistic and scientific medicine fades if one looks with an open mind at what we currently know about the biological dynamics that regulate the doctor–patient relationship.
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Okamura, Jonathan Y. Raced to Death in 1920s Hawai i. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042607.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book analyzes the larger racial significance of the quick conviction and death sentence given to a likely insane Japanese American, Myles Fukunaga, for murdering a White boy, Gill Jamieson, in 1928. The Fukunaga case demonstrates how race operated in Hawai‘i to enforce the hierarchical relations between Whites and non-Whites. In arguing that Fukunaga was raced to death, two different meanings of race are employed. First, he was hanged because he was of the “Japanese race” and committed his crime during the 1920s, when Japanese Americans were perceived as the most politically and economically threatening group to continued White supremacy in Hawai‘i. Second, Fukunaga was raced or rushed to his death sentence less than three weeks after his crime because Whites wanted immediate revenge. The book argues that the Fukunaga case was a major component in a trajectory of racial injustice against non-Whites, including Japanese and Filipino labor leaders who, after organizing multiplantation strikes in 1920 and 1924, were imprisoned based on likely perjured testimony. Fukunaga’s hanging is also connected to the lynching in 1932 of Joe Kahahawai, a Native Hawaiian, who was falsely accused of raping a White woman and was also raced to death. The book also discusses how incipient forms of colorblindness and multiculturalism were strategically deployed by Whites to deny the significance of race in the accelerated conviction of Fukunaga.
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Taji, Acram, and John Reganold. Organic Agriculture. Edited by Paul Kristiansen. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With global revenue surpassing twenty-five billion dollars annually, organic agriculture is a highly visible and rapidly growing component of agricultural production. In Organic Agriculture: A Global Perspective, Paul Kristiansen, Acram Taji, and John Reganold, and their international group of contributors scientifically review key aspects of organic agriculture. At the intersection of research, education, and practice, the contributors look at the organic agricultural movement’s successes and limitations.
The first half of this book critically evaluates the agricultural production of both plants and livestock in organic farming systems. All major aspects of organic agriculture are explored, including historical background and underlying principles, soil-fertility management, crop and animal production, breeding strategies, and crop protection. This global and comprehensive overview also addresses the economic, social, and political aspects of organic farming. These include economics and marketing; standards and certification; environmental impacts and social responsibility; and research, education, and extension.
The book is a unique and timely science-based international work documenting current practices in organic agriculture and evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. For more than two decades, research into organic methods by mainstream scientists has generated a large body of information that can now be integrated and used for assessing the actual impacts of organic farming in a wide range of disciplines. The knowledge of selected international experts has been combined in one volume, providing a comprehensive review of organic farming globally.
Researchers, teachers, extensionists, students, primary producers and others around the world who are interested in sustainable agriculture will find this book to be a valuable and reliable resource.
Частини книг з теми "Two-component grout"
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Gregor, Malcolm H. Mac. "Spatial Quantization and the Two-Component Rotation Group." In The Enigmatic Electron, 99–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8072-4_13.
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Schulte-Schrepping, Christoph, David Ov, and Rolf Breitenbücher. "Solidification of Two-Component Grouts by the Use of Superabsorbent Polymers as Activator." In 3rd International Conference on the Application of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) and Other New Admixtures Towards Smart Concrete, 230–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33342-3_25.
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Iannario, Maria, and Claudia Tarantola. "Effect Measures for Group Comparisons in a Two-Component Mixture Model: A Cyber Risk Analysis." In Statistical Learning and Modeling in Data Analysis, 97–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69944-4_11.
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Yusop, Mohd Rafii, Yusuff Oladosu, Abdul Rahim Harun, Asfaliza Ramli, Ghazali Hussin, Mohd Razi Ismail, and Norhani Abdullah. "Application of mutation techniques and genotype × environment interaction for grain yield in ion beam induced mutant rice lines tested in multiple locations in Malaysia." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 226–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Genotype evaluation for stability and high yield in rice is an important factor for sustainable rice production and food security. These evaluations are essential, especially when the breeding objective is to release rice with high yields, adaptability and stability for commercial cultivation. To achieve this objective, this study was carried out to select high-yielding rice genotypes induced by ion beam irradiation. Seeds of the rice variety 'MR219' were subjected to different doses of 320 MeV carbon-ion beam irradiation to determine the optimum dose to produce high mutant frequency and spectrum. The optimum dose was 60 Gy. After several cycles of selection and fixation between 2009 and 2014 (M0-M6), six prospective lines with desirable characters were selected at the M6 generation. The selected mutant lines along with other mutant varieties were then tested at five locations in two planting seasons to select high-yielding and stable genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications across the locations and seasons. The pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01, 0.05) among genotypes, among locations and among genotypes by location by season (G×L×S interaction) for the yield traits except for seasons and genotype by season (G×S interaction). Based on univariate and multivariate stability parameters, rice genotypes were classified into three main categories. The first group comprised genotypes with high yield stability along with high yield per hectare. These genotypes include ML4 and ML6 and are widely adapted to diverse environmental conditions. One line exhibited high yield per hectare but low stability; this genotype (ML9) is suitable for specific environments. The last group had low yield per hectare and high stability and included 'MR220', 'Binadhan4' and 'Binadhan7'. This final group is more suitable for breeding specific traits or perhaps has yield component compensation. Hence, rice mutant lines ML4 and ML6 were recommended for commercial cultivation in Malaysia.
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Hashimoto, T., M. Möller, W. van der Zon, and A. Feddema. "ETAC two-component grout field test at Botlek rail tunnel." In Tunnelling. A Decade of Progress. GeoDelft 1995-2005, 19–25. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439834268.ch4.
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Feddema, A., M. Möller, W. H. van der Zon, and T. Hashimoto. "ETAC two-component grout field test at Botlek rail tunnel." In Modern Tunneling Science and Technology, 809–15. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077534-37.
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Pelizza, S., D. Peila, R. Sorge, and F. Cignitti. "Back-fill grout with two component mix in EPB tunneling to minimizesurface settlements." In Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, 291–99. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12748-38.
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Dal Negro, E., A. Boscaro, A. Picchio, and E. Barbero. "Two-component backfilling grout for double shield TBM – The experience at Follo Line Project." In Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art, 1974–81. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429424441-208.
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"Back-fill grout with two component mix in EPB tunneling to minimize surface settlements: Rome Metro—Line C case history." In Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, 309–18. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12748-40.
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Schulte-Schrepping, C., and R. Breitenbücher. "Two-component grouts with alkali-activated binders." In Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art, 3078–85. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003031635-56.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Two-component grout"
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Kravitz, Brett, Michael Mooney, and Ahmadreza Hedayat. "Evaluation of the structural integrity of tunnel liners with two component backfill grout using ground-penetrating radar." In 18th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Golden, Colorado, 14–19 June 2020. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/gpr2020-046.1.
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Alexander, Chris, and Alan Beckett. "An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Performance of Competing Filler Materials Used With Type B and Stand-Off Steel Sleeves." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of various filler materials used in Type B tight-fit and stand-off steel sleeve designs. Full-scale testing was performed to examine the performance of three filler materials and two sleeve types reinforcing four separate dents subjected to cyclic internal pressure. All filler materials were installed with the test pipe at 55°F and allowed to cure for 7 days. The metric for comparing filler material performance was stress concentration factors (SCFs) measured in the dents in the unrepaired and repaired configurations. The filler materials included a two-component epoxy, an epoxy-based grout, and a cement-based grout. The average SCF for the unreinforced dents was 5.64, while after reinforcement the average SCF was 1.2 (an average reduction of 79%). The results of this study generated two important findings. First, the stand-off sleeve design was able to provide reinforcement similar to what was measured for the tight-fit sleeve. Second, the study determined that the cement-based grout actually slightly outperformed the epoxy-based grout, the latter being the filler material of choice prior to this study. This paper provides readers with practical information and data on the performance of competing filler material types, while also presenting a systematic method for evaluating different methods of reinforcement.
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Bryantsev, B. S., A. A. Kalinovich, I. G. Zakharova, M. V. Komissarova, and S. V. Sazonov. "Two-component optical vortices at zero group velocity dispersion." In 2020 Days on Diffraction (DD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dd49902.2020.9274606.
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Guo, Ying. "Group Independent Component Analysis of Multi-subject fMRI Data: Connections and Distinctions between Two Methods." In 2008 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering And Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2008.191.
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Raghuram, S., and Vasudevan Raghavan. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Evaporation Characteristics of Moving Two-Component Liquid Fuel Droplets in Pre-Vaporizer Systems." In ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9671.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the current study, a thermodynamic model is presented for predicting the vaporization characteristics of moving two-component fuel droplets, at an ambient temperature of 350 K, atmospheric pressure and with an initial droplet diameter of 100 microns, as typically observed in a gas turbine pre-vaporizing system. Liquid fuels considered are iso-octane (surrogate of gasoline) and decane (surrogate of diesel), blended with ethanol and methyl-butyrate (surrogate of biodiesel), respectively. The model evaluates the vapor-liquid equilibrium based on activity coefficients calculated using UNIFAC group contribution method. The gas-phase properties are calculated as functions of temperature and mixture molecular weight. The temporally varying parameters such as equilibrium surface temperature, concentration of the higher volatile fuel component, evaporation constant and droplet Reynolds and Nusselt numbers have been studied. Variation of integrated parameters such as time-average evaporation constant, droplet lifetime, average velocity and the final droplet penetration distance are also discussed.
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Bartonicek, Jaroslav, Klaus-Juergen Metzner, and Friedrich Schoeckle. "Life Time Management: A Practical Approach of Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comprehensive life time management has to take care of all safety and availability relevant components in nuclear power plants, with different intensity, of course. For instance, mechanical systems and components can be basically classified/ranked into three different groups: (1): The quality status of the components in this group has to be guaranteed on a pre-defined (high) level. (2): The quality status of the components in this group has to be maintained on its actual level. (3): Other components with no specific quality demands. Regarding the first group, integrity has to be guaranteed. Therefore it is necessary to monitor the possible root causes of degradation mechanisms during plant operation; thus the degradation effects can be assessed and — more important — controlled to maintain the safety standard on the demanded high level without any compromise. The monitoring of consequences of degradation mechanisms is being performed as an additional redundant measure. The requirements to maintain the quality status of the second group of components can be fulfilled by monitoring of the consequences of operational degradation mechanisms to be performed by preventive maintenance activities, in terms of tests, inspections and repairs, using either time dependant procedures or component condition orientated methods. For the third group of components, no preventive action is necessary. However, failures and malfunctions have to be assessed statistically to avoid a reduction of the required basic component quality. In the first two groups all safety relevant components and systems are included. Generally, aging management programs cover these two groups of components; life time management covers all of above groups. This paper concentrates on mechanical systems and components; it summarizes the practical approach to life time management as it is realized in German nuclear power plants. The application is discussed using dedicated examples.
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Grozdanov Christozov, Dimitar, Stefanka Chukova, and Plamen Mateev. "Risk of Misinforming and Message Customization in Customer Related Management." In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper discusses applications of the measures of the risk of misinforming and the role of the warranty of misinforming in the context of the informing component of Customer Related Management (CRM) issues. This study consists of two parts. Firstly, we propose an approach for customers’ grouping based on their attitude toward assessing product's properties and their expertise on the terminology/domain of the seller’s message describing the product. Also we discuss what the most appropriate personal/group warranty is for each of these group/clusters. A revised version of this paper was published in Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, Volume 18, 2015
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Zhang, Hongbo, Chuntao Tang, Weiyan Yang, Guangwen Bi, and Bo Yang. "Development and Verification of the PWR Lattice Code PANDA." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66573.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lattice code generates homogenized few-group cross sections for core neutronics code. It is an important component of the nuclear design code system. The development and improvement of lattice codes are always significant topics in reactor physics. The PANDA code is a PWR lattice code developed by Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute (SNERDI). It starts from the 70-group library, and performs the resonance calculation based on the Spatially Dependent Dancoff Method (SDDM). The 2D heterogeneous transport calculation is performed without any group collapse and cell homogenization by MOC with two-level Coarse Mesh Finite Difference (CMFD) acceleration. Matrix exponential methods are used to solve the Bateman depletion equation. Based on the methodologies, the PANDA code is developed. The verifications on different levels preliminarily demonstrate the ability of the PANDA code.
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Lee, Yoon Suk, John Gero, and Christopher B. Williams. "Comparing the Design Cognition of Two Engineering Majors: A Measurement-Based Approach." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71218.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the results of two years of a three-year longitudinal study on the impact of design education on students’ design thinking and practice. Two engineering majors in a large research-intensive state university are being studied. The control group is a major focused on engineering mechanics. The experimental group is a mechanical engineering major that uses design as a context for its curriculum. A task-independent protocol analysis method grounded in the Function-Behavior-Structure design ontology is utilized to provide a common basis for comparing students across discipline and year. This study reports data collected at the beginning and at the end of students’ sophomore year, and at the end of their junior year. Students in the experimental group completed an introductory mechanical design course, while students in the control group had no formal design component in their curriculum. The results of analyzing and comparing the percent occurrences of design processes and problem-solution index from the protocol analysis of both cohorts are presented. These results provide an opportunity to investigate and understand how students’ design cognition is affected by a design course.
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Enright, Michael P., Jonathan P. Moody, Yasin Zaman, James C. Sobotka, and R. Craig McClung. "A Probabilistic Framework for Minimum Low Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80220.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The traditional approach to low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life prediction involves statistical characterization of total LCF life based on extensive testing of smooth fatigue specimens under multiple stress and temperature conditions. Total LCF life is modeled as a single random variable with a unimodal probability density function (PDF) from which a minimum (e.g., B0.1) life is derived. Recent studies have shown that LCF lives for some materials consist of a short-life group that initiates cracks near the first cycle of loading and a long-life group that forms cracks later in life. The combined lives of these two groups can be modeled as a bimodal distribution. Minimum LCF lives associated with the bimodal PDF are typically longer than those associated with the traditional unimodal PDF. Minimum LCF lives of the bimodal distribution are dominated by the short-life group, and the lifetimes of this group can be estimated using probabilistic damage tolerance (PDT) concepts. In this paper, a probabilistic framework is presented for prediction of minimum LCF lives of the short-life group. It extends a previously developed minimum LCF life model for smooth fatigue specimens for application to full components. It is based on a probabilistic damage tolerance methodology that was previously developed for rare material anomalies in aircraft gas turbine engine materials. The framework is demonstrated via two illustrative examples including a representative gas turbine engine component. The results promote improved understanding of the PDT approach and its application to LCF life prediction.
Звіти організацій з теми "Two-component grout"
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of plant development by polycomb group proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695858.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our genetic and molecular studies have indicated that FIE a WD-repeat Polycomb group (PcG) protein takes part in multi-component protein complexes. We have shown that FIE PcG protein represses inappropriate programs of development during the reproductive and vegetative phases of the Arabidopsis life cycle. Moreover, we have shown that FIE represses the expression of key regulatory genes that promote flowering (AG and LFY), embryogenesis (LEC1), and shoot formation (KNAT1). These results suggest that the FIE PcG protein participates in the formation of distinct PcG complexes that repress inappropriate gene expression at different stages of plant development. PcG complexes modulate chromatin compactness by modifying histones and thereby regulate gene expression and imprinting. The main goals of our original project were to elucidate the biological functions of PcG proteins, and to understand the molecular mechanisms used by FIE PcG complexes to repress the expression of its gene targets. Our results show that the PcG complex acts within the central cell of the female gametophyte to maintain silencing of MEA paternal allele. Further more we uncovered a novel example of self-imprinting mechanism by the PgG complex. Based on results obtained in the cures of our research program we extended our proposed goals and elucidated the role of DME in regulating plant gene imprinting. We discovered that in addition to MEA,DME also imprints two other genes, FWA and FIS2. Activation of FWA and FIS2 coincides with a reduction in 5-methylcytosine in their respective promoters. Since endosperm is a terminally differentiated tissue, the methylation status in the FWA and FIS2 promoters does not need to be reestablished in the following generation. We proposed a “One-Way Control” model to highlight differences between plant and animal genomic imprinting. Thus we conclude that DEMETER is a master regulator of plant gene imprinting. Future studies of DME function will elucidate its role in processes and disease where DNA methylation has a key regulatory role both in plants and animals. Such information will provide valuable insight into developing novel strategies to control and improve agricultural traits and overcome particular human diseases.
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.
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Cobeen, Kelly, Vahid Mahdavifar, Tara Hutchinson, Brandon Schiller, David Welch, Grace Kang, and Yousef Bozorgnia. Large-Component Seismic Testing for Existing and Retrofitted Single-Family Wood-Frame Dwellings (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/hxyx5257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. Quantifying the difference of seismic performance of un-retrofitted and retrofitted single-family wood-frame houses has become increasingly important in California due to the high seismicity of the state. Inadequate lateral bracing of cripple walls and inadequate sill bolting are the primary reasons for damage to residential homes, even in the event of moderate earthquakes. Physical testing tasks were conducted by Working Group 4 (WG4), with testing carried out at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and University of California Berkeley (UCB). The primary objectives of the testing were as follows: (1) development of descriptions of load-deflection behavior of components and connections for use by Working Group 5 in development of numerical modeling; and (2) collection of descriptions of damage at varying levels of peak transient drift for use by Working Group 6 in development of fragility functions. Both UCSD and UCB testing included companion specimens tested with and without retrofit. This report documents the portions of the WG4 testing conducted at UCB: two large-component cripple wall tests (Tests AL-1 and AL-2), one test of cripple wall load-path connections (Test B-1), and two tests of dwelling superstructure construction (Tests C-1 and C-2). Included in this report are details of specimen design and construction, instrumentation, loading protocols, test data, testing observations, discussion, and conclusions.
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McElwain, Terry, Eugene Pipano, Guy Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephen Hines, and Douglas Jasmer. Protection of Cattle Against Babesiosis: Immunization with Recombinant DNA Derived Apical Complex Antigens of Babesia bovis. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612835.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis continues to be a significant deterrent to global livestock production. Current control methods have both biological and technical drawbacks that have stimulated research on improved methods of vaccination. This BARD project has focused on characterization of candidate Babesia bovis vaccine antigens located in the apical complex, a unique group of subcellular organelles - including rhoptries, micronemes, and spherical bodies - involved in the invation of erythrocytes. Spherical bodies and rhoptries were partially purified and their contents characterized using monoclonal antibodies. Existing and newly developed monoclonal antibodies bound to antigens in the spherical body, rhoptry, merozoite membrane, and infected erythrocyte membrane. In an initial immunization study using biologically cloned strains, it was demonstrated that strain-common epitopes are important for inducing immune protection against heterologous challenge. Rhoptry-associated antigen 1 (RAP-1) had been demonstrated previously to induce partial immune protection, fulfilled criteria of broad interstrain B and T cell epitope conservation, and thus was further characterized. The RAP-1 gene family consists of at least two gene copies, is homologous to the RAP-1 gene family in B. bigemina, and contains significant sequence similarity to other erythroparasitic protozoan candidate vaccine antigens, including the apical membrane antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. A new RAP-1 monoclonal antibody was developed that inhibits merozoite growth in vitro, demonstrating the presence of a RAP-1 neutralization sensitive domain. Based on these observations, cattle were immunized with Mo7 (Mexico) strain recombinant RAP-1 representing one of the two gene copies. All cattle responded with variable levels of serum antibodies inhibitory to heterologous Israel strain merozoite growth in vitro, and RAP-1 specific T lymphocytes that proliferated when stimulated with either homologous or heterologous native parasite antigen. Minimal protection from clinical disease was present after virulent Israel (heterologous) strain B. bovis challenge. In total, the results support the continued development of RAP-1 as a vaccine antigen, but indicate that additional information about the native structure and function of both RAP-1 gene copies, including the relationship of conserved and polymorphic sequences to B and T cell lepitopes relevant for protection, is necessary for optimization of RAP-1 as a vaccine component.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Dry Specimens (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/vsjs5869.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measures and documents seismic performance of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Three primary tasks support the earthquake loss-modeling effort. They are: (1) the development of ground motions and loading protocols that accurately represent the diversity of seismic hazard in California; (2) the execution of a suite of quasi-static cyclic experiments to measure and document the performance of cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies to develop and populate loss models; and (3) nonlinear response history analysis on cripple wall-supported buildings and their components. This report is a product of Working Group 4: Testing, whose central focus was to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls. This present report focuses on non-stucco or “dry” exterior finishes. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present report involves two of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at University of California San Diego (UC San Diego). Details representative of era-specific construction–specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction–are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish style, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses all eight specimens in the second phase of testing and three of the six specimens in the fourth phase of testing. Although conducted in different testing phases, their results are combined here to co-locate observations regarding the behavior of all dry finished specimens. Experiments involved imposition of combined vertical loading and quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load onto eleven cripple walls. Each specimen was 12 ft in length and 2-ft or 6-ft in height. All specimens in this report were constructed with the same boundary conditions on the top, bottom, and corners of the walls. Parameters addressed in this report include: dry exterior finish type (shiplap horizontal lumber siding, shiplap horizontal lumber siding over diagonal lumber sheathing, and T1-11 wood structural panels), cripple wall height, vertical load, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol (including instrumentation), and measured as well as physical observations are summarized. Results from these experiments are intended to support advancement of numerical modeling tools, which ultimately will inform seismic loss models capable of quantifying the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100 Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Wet Specimens I (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/dqhf2112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4: Testing and focuses on the first phase of an experimental investigation to study the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls with sill anchorage. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present study involves the first of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at the UC San Diego. Details representative of era-specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction, are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish materials, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses the first phase of testing, which consisted of six specimens. Phase 1 including quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load testing of six 12-ft-long, 2-ft high cripple walls. All specimens in this phase were finished on their exterior with stucco over horizontal sheathing (referred to as a “wet” finish), a finish noted to be common of dwellings built in California before 1945. Parameters addressed in this first phase include: boundary conditions on the top, bottom, and corners of the walls, attachment of the sill to the foundation, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol, instrumentation; and measured as well as physical observations are summarized in this report. In addition, this report discusses the rationale and scope of subsequent small-component test phases. Companion reports present these test phases considering, amongst other variables, the impacts of dry finishes and cripple wall height (Phases 2–4). Results from these experiments are intended to provide an experimental basis to support numerical modeling used to develop loss models, which are intended to quantify the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100, Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Wet Specimens II (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ldbn4070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4 (WG4): Testing, whose central focus was to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls. This report focuses stucco or “wet” exterior finishes. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present study involves two of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at the University of California San Diego (UC San Diego). Details representative of era-specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction, are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish style, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses the third phase of testing, which consisted of eight specimens, as well as half of the fourth phase of testing, which consisted of six specimens where three will be discussed. Although conducted in different phases, their results are combined here to co-locate observations regarding the behavior of the second phase the wet (stucco) finished specimens. The results of first phase of wet specimen tests were presented in Schiller et al. [2020(a)]. Experiments involved imposition of combined vertical loading and quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load onto ten cripple walls of 12 ft long and 2 or 6 ft high. One cripple wall was tested with a monotonic loading protocol. All specimens in this report were constructed with the same boundary conditions on the top and corners of the walls as well as being tested with the same vertical load. Parameters addressed in this report include: wet exterior finishes (stucco over framing, stucco over horizontal lumber sheathing, and stucco over diagonal lumber sheathing), cripple wall height, loading protocol, anchorage condition, boundary condition at the bottom of the walls, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol, including instrumentation; and measured as well as physical observations are summarized in this report. Companion reports present phases of the tests considering, amongst other variables, impacts of various boundary conditions, stucco (wet) and non-stucco (dry) finishes, vertical load, cripple wall height, and anchorage condition. Results from these experiments are intended to support advancement of numerical modeling tools, which ultimately will inform seismic loss models capable of quantifying the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100,Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.